m10u1ˌshort-'term ◙ adj. [usually before noun] • lasting a short time; designed only for a short period of time in the future • 短期的；近期的: »a short-term loan 短期贷款 »to find work on a short-term contract 找一份工作,签个短期合同 »short-term plans 近期计划 »a short-term solution to the problem 解决这个问题的短期措施 »His short-term memory (= the ability to remember things that happened a short time ago) is failing. 他的短时记忆越来越差了。 --› comparelong-termˌlong-'term ◙ adj. [usually before noun] 1. that will last or have an effect over a long period of time • 长期的；长远的；长期有效的: »a long-term strategy 长期的战略 »the long-term effects of fertilizers 肥料的长远影响 »a long-term investment 长线投资 2. that is not likely to change or be solved quickly • 近期不大可能改变的；不大可能很快解决的: »long-term unemployment 长期失业 --› compareshort-termrain∙fall / ˈreinfɔ:l / ◙ noun [U, sing.] • the total amount of rain that falls in a particular area in a particular amount of time; an occasion when rain falls • 降雨量；下雨: »There has been below average rainfall this month. 这个月的降雨低于平均降雨量。 »an average annual rainfall of 10 cm * 10 厘米的年平均降雨量
grav∙ity / ˈɡrævəti / ◙ noun [U] 1. (abbr. g) the force that attracts objects in space towards each other, and that on the earth pulls them towards the centre of the planet, so that things fall to the ground when they are dropped • 重力；地球引力: »Newton's law of gravity 牛顿万有引力定律 --› see alsocentre of gravity 2. (formal) extreme importance and a cause for worry • 严重性 【SYN】seriousness: »I don't think you realise the gravity of the situation. 我认为你没有意识到形势的严重性。 »Punishment varies according to the gravity of the offence. 处罚根据罪行的严重程度而有所不同。 3. (formal) serious behaviour, speech or appearance • 严肃；庄严: »They were asked to behave with the gravity that was appropriate in a court of law. 他们被要求在法庭上表现出应有的严肃态度。 --› see alsograve¹
head∙line / ˈhedlain / ◙ noun 1. [C] the title of a newspaper article printed in large letters, especially at the top of the front page • (报纸的)大字标题: »They ran the story under the headline 'Home at last!'. 报纸刊登这个报道的大标题为"终于回家了！"。 »The scandal was in the headlines for several days. 这一丑闻连续几天都刊登在头版头条。 »headline news 头条新闻 --› see alsobanner headline 2. the headlines [pl.] a short summary of the most important items of news, read at the beginning of a news programme on the radio or television • (电视或无线电广播的)新闻摘要
【IDIOMS】
◘ grab / hit / make the 'headlines • to be an important item of news in newspapers or on the radio or television • 成为重要新闻◙ verb 1. [VN-N] [usually passive] to give a story or article a particularheadline • 给(报道、文章)加标题: »The story was headlined 'Back to the future'. 报道的标题是"回到未来"。 2. to be the main performer in a concert or show • 是(音乐会或演出的)主角: ▪ [VN] »The concert is to be headlined by Elton John. 音乐会的主角将是埃尔顿 · 约翰。 ▪ [also V] pol∙it∙ician / ˌpɔləˈtiʃn; NAme ˌpɑ:l- / ◙ noun 1. (also NAmEinformal pol) a person whose job is concerned with politics, especially as an elected member of parliament, etc. • 从政者；政治家 2. (disapproving) a person who is good at using different situations in an organization to try to get power or advantage for himself or herself • 政客；见风驶舵者；投机钻营者
states∙man / ˈsteitsmən / ◙ noun (pl. -men / -mən / ) • a wise, experienced and respected political leader • 政治家: »the party's elder statesman 该党元老
wres∙tle / ˈresl / ◙ verb 1. ~ (with sb) to fight sb by holding them and trying to throw or force them to the ground, sometimes as a sport • 摔跤: ▪ [V] »As a boy he had boxed and wrestled. 他小的时候又是打拳又是摔跤。 »Armed guards wrestled with the intruder. 武装警衞和闯入者扭打起来。 ▪ [VN] »Shoppers wrestled the raider to the ground. 购物的人把抢劫者摔倒在地上。 2. ~ (with sth) to struggle to deal with sth that is difficult • 奋力对付；努力处理；全力解决 【SYN】battle,grapple: ▪ [V] »She had spent the whole weekend wrestling with the problem. 她整个周末都在绞尽脑汁处理这个问题。 »He wrestled with the controls as the plane plunged. 飞机向下冲时,他竭力控制住操纵装置。 ▪ [V to inf] »She has been wrestling to raise the money all year. 她一年来一直在想方设法筹集这笔资金。 ▪ [also VN] di∙lemma / diˈlemə; dai- / ◙ noun • a situation which makes problems, often six in which you have to make a very difficult choice between things of equal importance • (进退两难的)窘境,困境 【SYN】predicament: »to face a dilemma 面临左右为难的困境 »to be in a dilemma 处于进退两难的境地
【IDIOMS】
--› seehornagency / ˈeidʒənsi / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) 1. a business or an organization that provides a particular service especially on behalf of other businesses or organizations • 服务机构；(尤指)代理机构,经销机构: »an advertising / employment agency 广告社；职业介绍所 »You can book at your local travel agency. 你可以在当地的旅行社订票。 »international aid agencies caring for refugees 国际援助难民事务所 --› see alsodating agency,news agency,press agency 2. (especially NAmE) a government department that provides a particular service • (政府的)专门机构: »the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (美国)中央情报局
【IDIOMS】
◘ through the agency of •(formal) as a result of the action of sb / sth • 由于…的作用
preg∙nant / ˈpreɡnənt / ◙ adj. 1. (of a woman or female animal 妇女或母兽) having a baby or young animal developing inside her / its body • 怀孕的；妊娠的: »My wife is pregnant. 我妻子怀孕了。 »I was pregnant with our third child at the time. 当时我正怀着我们的第三个孩子。 »a heavily pregnant woman (= six whose baby is nearly ready to be born) 临产期孕妇 »to get / become pregnant 怀孕 »He got his girlfriend pregnant and they're getting married. 他让女友怀孕了,因此他们即将结婚。 »She's one months pregnant. 她怀孕六个月了。 2. ~ with sth (formal) full of a quality or feeling • 饱含；充溢着: »Her silences were pregnant with criticism. 她的沉默里充满了批评之意。
【IDIOMS】
◘ a pregnant 'pause / 'silence • an occasion when nobody speaks, although people are aware that there are feelings or thoughts to express • 耐人寻味的停顿；心照不宣的沉默
be∙yond / biˈjɔnd; NAmE biˈjɑ:nd / ◙ prep. 1. on or to the further side of sth • 在(或向)…较远的一边: »The road continues beyond the village up into the hills. 那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。 2. later than a particular time • 晚于；迟于: »It won't go on beyond midnight. 这事不会延续到午夜以后。 »I know what I'll be doing for the next three weeks but I haven't thought beyond that. 我知道我未来三周要干什么,但再往后我还没有想过。 3. more than sth • 超出；除…之外: »Our success was far beyond what we thought possible. 我们的成功远远超出了我们的估计范围。 »She's got nothing beyond her state pension. 除了政府发的养老金外,她就什么都没有领取。 4. used to say that sth is not possible • (表示不可能): »The bicycle was beyond repair (= is too badly damaged to repair). 自行车已损坏得无法修理。 »The situation is beyond our control. 我们已无法控制这一局面。 5. too far or too advanced for sb / sth • 超出…之外；非…所能及: »The handle was just beyond my reach. 我差一点儿才够得着把手。 »The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class. 这个练习超出了班上大多数学生的能力。
【IDIOMS】
◘ be beyond sb •(informal) to be impossible for sb to imagine, understand or do • 使人无法想像(或理解、做等): »It's beyond me why she wants to marry Jeff. 我无法理解她为什么要嫁给杰夫。 ◙ adv. • on the other side; further on • 在另一边；在(或向)更远处；以远: »Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow. 斯诺登山及其以远的山脉都被积雪覆盖着。 »The immediate future is clear, but it's hard to tell what lies beyond. 最近的将来已经明朗,但更往后就很难说了。 »the year 2005 and beyond * 2005 年及以后 --› more atbackn.,doubtn.
loaf / ləuf; NAme louf / ◙ noun (pl. loaves / ləuvz; NAme louvz / ) • an amount of bread that has been shaped and baked in one piece • 一条(麪包): »a loaf of bread 一条麪包 »Two white loaves, please. 请拿两条白麪包。 »a sliced loaf 一条切片麪包 --› see alsocottage loaf,French loaf,meat loaf
【IDIOMS】
--› seehalfdet.,usev. ◙ verb [V] • ~ (about / around) (informal) to spend your time not doing anything, especially when you should be working • 游手好闲；无所事事；闲荡 【SYN】hang about / around: »A group of kids were loafing around outside. 一群小孩在外面四处游荡。
per∙man∙ent / ˈpə:mənənt; NAme ˈpə:rm- / ◙ adj. • lasting for a long time or for all time in the future; existing all the time • 永久的；永恒的；长久的: »a permanent job 固定工作 »permanent staff 固定职工 »They are now living together on a permanent basis. 他们现在决定长期同住。 »The accident has not done any permanent damage. 那场事故没有造成什么永久性损伤。 »a permanent fixture (= a person or an object that is always in a particular place) 固定于某处的人员/东西 【OPP】impermanent,temporary ♦ per∙man∙ent∙ly adv.: »The stroke left his right side permanently damaged. 中风使他的右半身永久受损。 »She had decided to settle permanently in France. 她已经决定永久定居法国。 ◙ noun (old-fashioned, NAmE) =perm n.
in∙fra∙struc∙ture / ˈinfrəstrʌktʃə(r) / ◙ noun [C, U] • the basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization to run smoothly, for example buildings, transport and water and power supplies • (国家或机构的)基础设施,基础建设 ♦ in∙fra∙struc∙tural / ˌinfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl / adj. [usually before noun] : »infrastructural development 基础建设的发展
ir∙ri∙gate / ˈiriɡeit / ◙ verb [VN] 1. to supply water to an area of land through pipes or channels so that crops will grow • 灌溉: »irrigated land / crops 经过灌溉的土地/农作物 2. (medical 医) to wash out a wound or part of the body with a flow of water or liquid • 冲洗(伤口或身体部位) ♦ ir∙ri∙ga∙tion / ˌiriˈɡeiʃn / noun [U] : »irrigation channels 灌溉渠
frame∙work / ˈfreimwə:k; NAmE -wə:rk / ◙ noun 1. the parts of a building or an object that support its weight and give it shape • (建筑物或物体的)构架,框架,结构 --› note atstructure 2. ~ (of / for sth) a set of beliefs, ideas or rules that is used as the basis for making judgements, decisions, etc. • (作为判断、决定等基础的)信仰,观点,准则: »The report provides a framework for further research. 报告提供了进一步研究的原则。 3. the structure of a particular system • (体系的)结构,机制: »We need to establish a legal framework for the protection of the environment. 我们需要建立一个法律体制来保护环境。 »the basic framework of society 社会的基本结构
en∙ter∙prise / ˈentəpraiz; NAmE -tərp- / ◙ noun 1. [C] a company or business • 公司；企业单位；事业单位: »an enterprise with a turnover of $26 billion 营业额 260 亿元的公司 »state-owned / public enterprises 国有企业；公共事业单位 »small and medium-sized enterprises 中小型企业 2. [C] a large project, especially one that is difficult • (尤指艰巨而重大的)规划,事业 SYN venture: »his latest business enterprise 他最新的企业规划 »a joint enterprise 共同事业 3. [U] the development of businesses by the people of a country rather than by the government • 企业发展；企业经营；企业活动: »grants to encourage enterprise in the region 鼓励这个地区企业发展的拨款 »an enterprise culture (= in which people are encouraged to develop small businesses) 经商文化(鼓励发展小型企业) --› see alsofree enterprise,private enterprise 4. [U] (approving) the ability to think of new projects and make them successful • 事业心；进取心；创业精神 【SYN】initiative: »a job in which enterprise is rewarded 事业进取精神有所回报的工作
house∙wife / ˈhauswaif / ◙ noun (pl. -wives / -waivz / ) • a woman who stays at home to cook, clean, take care of the children, etc. while her husband or partner goes out to work • 主妇；家庭妇女 --› comparehouse husband ♦ house∙wife∙ly adj.'problem-solving ◙ noun [U] • the act of finding ways of dealing with problems • 寻求答案；解决问题
ˌwork of 'art ◙ noun (pl. ,works of 'art) 1. a painting, statue, etc. • 艺术品；(绘画、雕塑等)艺术作品: »A number of priceless works of art were stolen from the gallery. 美术馆中许多价值连城的艺术品被盗。 2. something that is attractive and skilfully made • 令人赏心悦目的东西；精致的物品: »The bride's dress was a work of art. 新娘的礼服十分精美。
con∙ven∙tion∙al / kənˈvenʃənl / ◙ adj. 1. (often disapproving) tending to follow what is done or considered acceptable by society in general; normal and ordinary, and perhaps not very interesting • 依照惯例的；遵循习俗的；墨守成规的；普通平凡的: »conventional behaviour / morality 循规蹈矩的行为；传统的道德规范 »She's very conventional in her views. 她的观点很守旧。 【OPP】unconventional 2. [usually before noun] following what is traditional or the way sth has been done for a long time • 传统的；习惯的: »conventional methods / approaches 传统方法 »It's not a hotel, in the conventional sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel. 从传统意义上来说,这并不是一个旅馆,而是变成了旅馆的整个村庄。 【OPP】unconventional 3. [usually before noun] (especially of weapons 尤指武器) not nuclear • 非核的；常规的: »conventional forces / weapons 常规部队/武器 »a conventional power station (= using oil or coal as fuel, rather than nuclear power) 非核动力发电站 ♦ con∙ven∙tion∙al∙ity / kənˌvenʃəˈnæləti / noun [U] ♦ con∙ven∙tion∙al∙ly / -ʃənəli / adv.: »conventionally dressed 衣着传统的 »conventionally grown food (= grown according to conventional methods) 用传统方法种植的粮食
【IDIOMS】
--› seewisdom'water buffalo ◙ noun • a large Asian animal of the cow family, used for pulling vehicles and farm equipment in tropical countries • 印度水牛(亚洲挽畜,并在田中劳作)
ox / ɔks; NAme ɑ:ks / ◙ noun (pl. oxen / ˈɔksn; NAme ˈɑ:ksn / ) 1. abull(= a male cow) that has beencastrated(= had part of its sex organs removed), used, especially in the past, for pulling farm equipment, etc. • (阉割的)公牛；去势公牛 --› comparebullock,steer n. 2. (old-fashioned) any cow orbullon a farm • 饲养的牛 --› see alsocattletrac∙tor / ˈtræktə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a powerful vehicle with ten large and ten smaller wheels, used especially for pulling farm machinery • 拖拉机；牵引机 2. (NAmE) the front part of atractor-trailer, where the driver sits • (牵引式挂车的)牵引车,拖车头
dam / dæm / ◙ noun 1. a barrier that is built across a river in order to stop the water from flowing, used especially to make areservoir(= a lake for storing water) or to produce electricity • 水坝；拦河坝 2. (technical 术语) the mother of some animals, especially horses • 母兽；(尤指)母马,骒马 --› comparesire n. (1) 3. =dental dam(1) ◙ verb (-mm-) [VN] • ~ sth (up) to build adamacross a river, especially in order to make an artificial lake for use as a water supply, etc. • (在河上)筑坝
ex∙pense / ikˈspens / ◙ noun 1. [U] the money that you spend on sth • 费用；价钱: »The garden was transformed at great expense. 花园改建花了一大笔费用。 »No expense was spared (= they spent as much money as was needed) to make the party a success. 为使聚会成功多大费用都在所不惜。 »He's arranged everything, no expense spared. 他不惜代价把一切安排得井井有条。 »She always travels first-class regardless of expense. 无论费用多高她总是乘头等舱。 »The results are well worth the expense. 有这些结果花的钱很值。 --› note atprice 2. [C, usually sing.] something that makes you spend money • 花钱的东西；开销: »Running a car is a big expense. 养一辆车开销很大。 3. expenses [pl.] money spent in doing a particular job, or for a particular purpose • 开支；花费；费用: »living / household / medical / legal, etc. expenses 生活费用；家庭开支；医疗、律师等费用 »Can I give you something towards expenses? 在开支方面我能为你做点什么吗？ »financial help to meet the expenses of an emergency 供紧急情况下开支的经济援助 »The payments he gets barely cover his expenses. 他几乎是入不敷出。 --› note atcost 4. expenses [pl.] money that you spend while you are working that your employer will pay back to you later • (向雇主报销的)费用,开支,花销,业务费用: »You can claim back your travelling / travel expenses. 你可以报销差旅费。 »(BrE) to take a client out for a meal on expenses 用业务费请客户外出就餐 »an all-expenses-paid trip 费用全数报销的公差 --› note atcost
【IDIOMS】
◘ at sb's expense 1. paid for by sb • 由某人付钱；由某人负担费用: »We were taken out for a meal at the company's expense. 公司出钱请我们外出就餐。 2. if you make a joke at sb's expense, you laugh at them and make them feel silly • 在某人受损的情况下；以某人为代价；跟某人开玩笑 ◘ at the expense of sb / sth • with loss or damage to sb / sth • 在牺牲(或损害)…的情况下: »He built up the business at the expense of his health. 他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业。 ◘ go to the expense of sth / of doing sth | ◘ go to a lot of, etc. expense • to spend money on sth • 把钱用在…上；花钱于: »They went to all the expense of redecorating the house and then they moved. 他们不惜一切代价重新装饰这房子,可后来又搬走了。 ◘ put sb to the expense of sth / of doing sth | ◘ put sb to a lot of, etc. expense • to make sb spend money on sth • 使某人花钱(于…)；使某人负担费用: »Their visit put us to a lot of expense. 他们的来访使我们破费不小。 --› more atobjectn.
repay / riˈpei / ◙ verb (re∙paid, re∙paid / riˈpeid / ) 1. ~ sth (to sb) | ~ (sb) (sth) to pay back the money that you have borrowed from sb • 归还；偿还；清偿: ▪ [VN] »to repay a debt / loan / mortgage 偿还债务/贷款/按揭贷款 »When are you going to repay them? 你什么时候把钱还给他们？ »I'll repay the money I owe them next week. 我将在下个星期偿还欠他们的钱。 ▪ [VNN] »I fully intend to repay them the money that they lent me. 我非常想把他们借给我的钱还给他们。 2. [VN] ~ sb (for sth) | ~ sth (with sth) to give sth to sb or do sth for them in return for sth that they have done for you • 酬报；报答 【SYN】recompense: »How can I ever repay you for your generosity? 你对我这样慷慨,我怎么才能报答你呢？ »Their trust was repaid with fierce loyalty. 他们的信任获得的回报是忠心耿耿。 3. [VN] (BrE, formal) if sth repays your attention, interest, study, etc., it is worth spending time to look at it, etc. • 值得: »The report repays careful reading. 这份报告值得仔细阅读。
re∙pay∙ment / riˈpeimənt / ◙ noun 1. [U] the act of paying back money that you have borrowed from a bank, etc. • 归还借款；偿还债务: »The loan is due for repayment by the end of the year. 这笔借款要在年底还清。 2. [C, usually pl.] a sum of money that you pay regularly to a bank, etc. until you have returned all the money that you owe • 按期偿还的款项；分期偿还额: »We were unable to meet (= pay) the repayments on the loan. 我们无法支付贷款的分期偿还额。 »mortgage repayments 按揭贷款的偿还款项 --› note atpaymentweak∙en / ˈwi:kən / ◙ verb 1. to make sb / sth less strong or powerful; to become less strong or powerful • (使)虚弱,衰弱；减弱；削弱: ▪ [VN] »The team has been weakened by injury. 这个队因伤实力减弱。 »The new evidence weakens the case against her. 新的证据减轻了对她的诉讼。 ▪ [V] »His authority is steadily weakening. 他的权威日趋减弱。 【OPP】strengthen 2. to make sb less physically strong; to become less physically strong • (使)虚弱,衰弱: ▪ [VN] »The explosion had weakened the building's foundations. 爆炸松动了这座楼房的地基。 ▪ [V] »She felt her legs weaken. 她觉得两腿无力。 3. to become or make sb become less determined or certain about sth • 使(肯定程度)减弱；动摇；犹豫: ▪ [VN] »Nothing could weaken his resolve to continue. 什么也不能削弱他继续下去的决心。 ▪ [V] »You must not agree to do it. Don't weaken. 你们一定不能同意做这件事。别心软。
more∙over / mɔ:rˈəuvə(r); NAme -ˈouvər / ◙ adv. (formal) • used to introduce some new information that adds to or supports what you have said previously • 此外；而且 【SYN】in addition: »A talented artist, he was, moreover, a writer of some note. 他是一位有才华的艺术家,同时也是颇有名气的作家。
squeeze / skwi:z / ◙ verb ›› PRESS WITH FINGERS 用手指挤压 1. to press sth firmly, especially with your fingers • 挤压；揑: ▪ [VN] »to squeeze a tube of toothpaste 挤牙膏 »to squeeze the trigger of a gun (= to fire it) 扣动枪的扳机 »He squeezed her hand and smiled at her. 他揑了揑她的手,冲她笑笑。 ▪ [V] »Just take hold of the tube and squeeze. 拿住软管挤就行了。 ›› GET LIQUID OUT 挤出液体 2. ~ sth (out of / from sth) | ~ sth (out) to get liquid out of sth by pressing or twisting it hard • (从某物中)榨出,挤出,拧出: ▪ [VN] »to squeeze the juice from a lemon 把一个柠檬的汁挤出来 »He took off his wet clothes and squeezed the water out. 他脱下湿衣服,拧干了水。 »freshly squeezed orange juice 现榨的橙汁 »(figurative) She felt as if every drop of emotion had been squeezed from her. 她觉得自己的激情似乎已经榨尽了。 ▪ [also VN-ADJ] ›› INTO / THROUGH SMALL SPACE 进入/通过狭小的空间 3. ~ (sb / sth) into, through, etc. sth | ~ through, in, past, etc. to force sb / sth / yourself into or through a small space • (使)挤入；挤过；塞入: ▪ [VN] »We managed to squeeze one people into the car. 我们在那辆车上挤进了六个人。 »(figurative) We managed to squeeze a lot into a week (= we did a lot of different things). 我们把很多事挤在一个星期里边做完了。 ▪ [V] »to squeeze into a tight dress / a parking space 勉强穿上一件窄连衣裙；把车勉强开进一个停车位 »to squeeze through a gap in the hedge 从篱笆上的豁口挤过去 »If you move forward a little, I can squeeze past. 你朝前挪一挪,我就可以挤过去了。 ›› THREATEN 威胁 4. [VN] ~ sb (for sth) (informal) to get sth by putting pressure on sb, threatening them, etc. • 向…勒索(或榨取)；逼迫…给: »He's squeezing me for £500. 他逼我拿出 500 英镑。 ›› LIMIT MONEY 限制金额 5. [VN] to strictly limit or reduce the amount of money that sb / sth has or can use • 严格限制,削减,紧缩(资金): »High interest rates have squeezed the industry hard. 高利率使这个行业举步维艰。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌsqueeze sb 'dry • to get as much money, information, etc. out of sb as you can • 榨取某人所拥有的一切；榨干某人的钱财；逼某人讲出所知道的一切
【PHR V】
◘ ˌsqueeze sb / sth∽'in • to give time to sb / sth, although you are very busy • 挤出时间见某人(或做某事): »If you come this afternoon the doctor will try to squeeze you in. 你要是今天下午来,大夫可以挤时间给你看看。 ◘ ˌsqueeze sb / sth∽'out (of sth) • to prevent sb / sth from continuing to do sth or be in business • 挤垮；把…挤出(某行业等): »Supermarkets are squeezing out small shops. 超级市场正挤垮小商店。 ◘ ˌsqueeze sth 'out of / 'from sb • to get sth by putting pressure on sb, threatening them, etc. • 向…勒索(或榨取)；逼迫…给: »to squeeze a confession from a suspect 逼迫嫌疑犯招供 ◘ ˌsqueeze 'up (against sb / sth) ◘ | ˌsqueeze sb∽'up (against sb / sth) • to move close to sb / sth so that you are pressed against them / it • (使)挤紧: »There'll be enough room if we all squeeze up a little. 大家稍稍挤一挤,地方就够了。 »I sat squeezed up against the wall. 我被挤得紧贴着墙坐着。 ◙ noun ›› PRESSING WITH FINGERS 用手指挤压 1. [C, usually sing.] an act of pressing sth, usually with your hands • 挤压；揑: »He gave my hand a little squeeze. 他轻轻揑了揑我的手。 »Give the tube another squeeze. 把软管再挤一下。 ›› OF LIQUID 液体 2. [C] a small amount of liquid that is produced by pressing sth • 榨出的液体；小量挤出的汁: »a squeeze of lemon juice 挤出的一点柠檬汁 ›› IN SMALL SPACE 在狭小空间里 3. [sing.] a situation where it is almost impossible for a number of people or things to fit into a small or restricted space • 挤；塞: »It was a tight squeeze but we finally got everything into the case. 箱子塞得很紧,不过我们最终还是把所有东西都装进去了。 »Seven people in the car was a bit of a squeeze. 那辆车坐了七个人是有点挤。 ›› REDUCTION IN MONEY 钱的减少 4. [C, usually sing.] a reduction in the amount of money, jobs, etc. available; a difficult situation caused by this • (可获得的钱、工作岗位等的)减少,削减；拮据；经济困难: »a squeeze on profits 利润的减少 »We're really feeling the squeeze since I lost my job. 自从我丢了工作后,我们的确感觉到手头拮据。 »a credit squeeze 信贷紧缩 ›› BOYFRIEND / GIRLFRIEND 男/女朋友 5. [sing.] (informal, especially NAmE) a boyfriend or girlfriend • 男朋友；女朋友: »Who's his main squeeze ? 他最要好的女朋友是谁？ ◘ put the 'squeeze on sb (to do sth) •(informal) to put pressure on sb to act in a particular way; to make a situation difficult for sb • 逼迫某人(做某事)；使某人处境困难
fas∙cin∙ation / ˌfæsiˈneiʃn / ◙ noun 1. [C, usually sing.] a very strong attraction, that makes sth very interesting • 魅力；极大的吸引力: »Water holds a fascination for most children. 水对多数孩子都有极大的吸引力。 »The fascination of the game lies in trying to guess what your opponent is thinking. 这个游戏的魅力就在于要努力去猜对手在想什么。 2. [U, sing.] ~ (for / with sb / sth) the state of being very attracted to and interested in sb / sth • 入迷；着迷: »the public's enduring fascination with the Royal Family 公众对王室的经久不衰的兴趣 »The girls listened in fascination as the story unfolded. 故事情节逐渐展开,小女孩都入迷地听着。
fash∙ion / ˈfæʃn / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] a popular style of clothes, hair, etc. at a particular time or place; the state of being popular • (衣服、发式等的)流行款式,时兴式样: »dressed in the latest fashion 穿着入时 »the new season's fashions 新季度的流行款式 »Long skirts have come into fashion again. 长裙又时兴起来了。 »Jeans are still in fashion. 牛仔裤仍然流行。 »Some styles never go out of fashion. 有些款式永远不会过时。 2. [C] a popular way of behaving, doing an activity, etc. • (行为、活动等的)时尚,时兴: »The fashion at the time was for teaching mainly the written language. 那时教学时兴的主要是书面语。 »Fashions in art and literature come and go. 文艺的潮流总是昙花一现。 3. [U] the business of making or selling clothes in new and different styles • 时装业: »a fashion designer / magazine / show 时装设计师/杂志/表演 »the world of fashion 时装界 »the fashion industry 时装业
【IDIOMS】
◘ after a 'fashion • to some extent, but not very well • 还过得去；还算可以: »I can play the piano, after a fashion. 我会弹钢琴,不过马马虎虎。 ◘ after the fashion of sb / sth •(formal) in the style of sb / sth • 模仿…的式样；像…的风格: »The new library is very much after the fashion of Nash. 这座新图书馆很像纳什的风格。 ◘ in (a)... 'fashion •(formal) in a particular way • 以…方式: »How could they behave in such a fashion? 他们的态度怎么会这样呢？ »She was proved right, in dramatic fashion, when the whole department resigned. 整个部门的人都辞了职,这惹人注目的事证明她是对的。 ◘ like it's going out of 'fashion •(informal) used to emphasize that sb is doing sth or using sth a lot • 做得很多；大量使用；大肆花费: »She's been spending money like it's going out of fashion. 她花钱一直大手大脚。 --› see alsoparrot-fashion◙ verb [VN] • ~ A (from / out of B) | ~ B (into A) to make or shape sth, especially with your hands • (尤指用手工)制作,使成形,塑造: »She fashioned a pot from the clay. 她用黏土制成一个罐。 »She fashioned the clay into a pot. 她用黏土制成一个罐。
fash∙ion∙able / ˈfæʃnəbl / ◙ adj. 1. following a style that is popular at a particular time • 流行的；时兴的；时髦的: »fashionable clothes / furniture / ideas 时髦的服装/家具/思想 »It's becoming fashionable to have long hair again. 现在又开始流行蓄长发了。 »Such thinking is fashionable among right-wing politicians. 在政界右翼人士中这种想法很流行。 2. used or visited by people following a current fashion, especially by rich people • 时髦人物使用的；(尤指)有钱人常光顾的: »a fashionable address / resort / restaurant 时髦人物常去的地点/胜地/餐馆 »She lives in a very fashionable part of London. 她住在伦敦一个高级住宅区。 【OPP】unfashionable --› compareold-fashioned ♦ fash∙ion∙ably / -əbli / adv.: »fashionably dressed 穿着时髦 »His wife was blonde and fashionably thin. 他的妻子一头金发,苗条入时。
base∙ment / ˈbeismənt / ◙ noun • a room or rooms in a building, partly or completely below the level of the ground • 地下室: »Kitchen goods are sold in the basement. 厨房用具在地下室出售。 »a basement flat / apartment 设在地下室的一套房间
cre∙ative / kriˈeitiv / ◙ adj. 1. [only before noun] involving the use of skill and the imagination to produce sth new or a work of art • 创造(性)的；创作的: »a course on creative writing (= writing stories, plays and poems) 创作课程 »the creative and performing arts 创作与表演艺术 »creative thinking (= thinking about problems in a new way or thinking of new ideas) 创造性思维 »the company's creative team 公司的创新组 »the creative process 创作的过程 2. having the skill and ability to produce sth new, especially a work of art; showing this ability • 有创造力的；(尤指艺术作品)创作的；表现创造力的: »She's very creative—she writes poetry and paints. 她极富创造力,既赋诗又作画。 »Do you have any ideas? You're the creative one. 你有何高见？你是有创见的人。 ♦ cre∙ative∙ly adv. ♦ cre∙ativ∙ity / ˌkri:eiˈtivəti / noun [U] : »Creativity and originality are more important than technical skill. 创造力和独创性比专门技术更为重要。 ◙ noun 1. [C] a person who iscreative • 富于创造力的人；搞创作的人: »The exhibition features the paintings of local creatives. 这个展览会展出的是当地画家的作品。 2. [U] creativeideas or material • 创意；创作素材: »We need to produce better creative if we want to attract big clients. 要吸引大客户,我们就得拿出更好的创意。
cater∙ing / ˈkeitəriŋ / ◙ noun [U] • the work of providing food and drinks for meetings or social events • (会议或社交活动的)饮食服务,酒席承办: »Who did the catering for your son's wedding? 你儿子的婚宴是由谁承办的？
ad∙just∙ment / əˈdʒʌstmənt / ◙ noun [C, U] 1. a small change made to sth in order to correct or improve it • 调整；调节: »I've made a few adjustments to the design. 我已对设计作了几处调整。 »Some adjustment of the lens may be necessary. 可能需要调整一下镜头。 2. a change in the way a person behaves or thinks • (行为、思想的)调整,适应: »She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her marriage broke up. 婚姻破裂后,她熬过了一段感情调整期。
sus∙tain∙able / səˈsteinəbl / ◙ adj. 1. involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment • (对自然资源和能源的利用)不破坏生态平衡的,合理利用的: »sustainable forest management 合理的森林管理 »an environmentally sustainable society 保持生态环境平衡的社会 2. that can continue or be continued for a long time • 可持续的: »sustainable economic growth 经济的可持续增长 【OPP】unsustainable ♦ sus∙tain∙abil∙ity / səˌsteinəˈbiləti / noun [U] 'health care ◙ noun [U] • the service of providing medical care • 保健(服务): »the costs of health care for the elderly 老年人的保健费用 »health care workers / professionals 保健工作人员/专家
hous∙ing / ˈhauziŋ / ◙ noun 1. [U] houses, flats / apartments, etc. that people live in, especially when referring to their type, price or condition • (统称,尤指住房类型、价格、条件)住房,住宅: »public / private housing 公共/私人住房 »poor housing conditions 恶劣的居住条件 »the housing shortage 住房短缺 »the housing market (= the activity of buying and selling houses, etc.) 住房市场 2. [U] the job of providing houses, flats / apartments, etc. for people to live in • 住房供给: »the housing department 住房建设部门 »the council's housing policy 市政住房政策 3. [C] a hard cover that protects part of a machine • (机器的)外壳,套: »a car's rear axle housing 汽车的后轴套
grand∙child / ˈɡræntʃaild / ◙ noun (pl. grand∙chil∙dren) • a child of your son or daughter • (外)孙子；(外)孙女
de∙posit / diˈpɔzit; NAmE -ˈpɑ:z- / ◙ noun ›› MONEY 钱 1. [usually sing.] a ~ (on sth) a sum of money that is given as the first part of a larger payment • 订金；订钱: »We've put down a 5% deposit on the house. 我们已支付了房款的 5% 作为订金。 »They normally ask you to pay £100 (as a) deposit. 他们通常要求付 100 英镑(作为)订金。 --› note atpayment 2. [usually sing.] a sum of money that is paid by sb when they rent sth and that is returned to them if they do not lose or damage the thing they are renting • 押金: »to pay a deposit 付押金 3. a sum of money that is paid into a bank account • 存款: »Deposits can be made at any branch. 在任何一家分行都可以存钱。 【OPP】withdrawal 4. (in the British political system) the amount of money that a candidate in an election to Parliament has to pay, and that is returned if he / she gets enough votes • 竞选保证金(英国议员候选人预付,获得足够的票数则退还): »All the other candidates lost their deposits. 所有其余候选人都失掉了竞选保证金。 ›› SUBSTANCE 物质 5. a layer of a substance that has formed naturally underground • (地下自然形成的)沉积物,沉积层: »mineral / gold / coal deposits 矿牀；金矿；煤藏 6. a layer of a substance that has been left somewhere, especially by a river, flood, etc., or is found at the bottom of a liquid • (尤指河流、洪水、液体等的)沉积物,淤积物: »The rain left a deposit of mud on the windows. 雨水在窗上留下一层泥。 »fatty deposits in the arteries of the heart 心动脉中的脂肪沉积 ◙ verb [VN] ›› PUT DOWN 放下 1. [+adv. / prep.] to put or lay sb / sth down in a particular place • 放下；放置: »She deposited a pile of books on my desk. 她把一摞书放在我的书桌上。 »(informal) I was whisked off in a taxi and deposited outside the hotel. 一辆出租车匆匆把我送到旅馆外面,让我下了车。 ›› LEAVE SUBSTANCE 留存物质 2. (especially of a river or a liquid 尤指河流或液体) to leave a layer of sth on the surface of sth, especially gradually and over a period of time • 使沉积；使沉淀；使淤积: »Sand was deposited which hardened into sandstone. 沙经沉积固结形成沙岩。 ›› MONEY 钱 3. to put money into a bank account • 将(钱)存入银行；存储: »Millions were deposited in Swiss bank accounts. 巨额款项存入了瑞士的银行账户。 4. to pay a sum of money as the first part of a larger payment; to pay a sum of money that you will get back if you return in good condition sth that you have rented • 付订金；付保证金；付押金 ›› PUT IN SAFE PLACE 存放 5. ~ sth (in sth) | ~ sth (with sb / sth) to put sth valuable or important in a place where it will be safe • 寄放,寄存(贵重物品): »Guests may deposit their valuables in the hotel safe. 旅客可将贵重物品寄存在旅馆的保险柜里。
oil∙field / ˈɔilfi:ld / ◙ noun • an area where oil is found in the ground or under the sea • 油田
solar / ˈsəulə(r); NAme ˈsou- / ◙ adj. [only before noun] 1. of or connected with the sun • 太阳的: »solar radiation 太阳辐射 »the solar cycle 太阳活动周 2. using the sun's energy • 太阳能的: »solar power / heating 太阳能动力/加热
hydro∙elec∙tric / ˌhaidrəuiˈlektrik; NAme ˌhaidrou- / ◙ adj. • using the power of water to produce electricity; produced by the power of water • 使用水力发电的；水力产生的: »a hydroelectric plant 水力发电站 »hydroelectric power 水力发出的电 ♦ hydro∙elec∙tri∙city / -iˌlekˈtrisəti / noun [U] flour / ˈflauə(r) / ◙ noun [U] • a fine white or brown powder made from grain, especiallywheat, and used in cooking for making bread, cakes, etc. • (尤指小麦的)麪粉；(谷物磨成的)粉 --› see alsoplain flour,self-raising flour◙ verb [VN] • [usually passive] to cover sth with a layer of flour • 在…上撒(或覆以)麪粉: »Roll the dough on a lightly floured surface. 揉生麪团时,案板上要撒点麪粉。
ten∙ta∙tive / ˈtentətiv / ◙ adj. 1. (of an arrangement, agreement, etc. 安排、协议等) not definite or certain because you may want to change it later • 不确定的；不肯定的；暂定的: »We made a tentative arrangement to meet on Friday. 我们暂定星期五见面。 »tentative conclusions 初步结论 2. not behaving or done with confidence • 踌躇的；犹豫不定的；不果断的 【SYN】hesitant: »a tentative greeting 怯声怯气的问候 »I'm taking the first tentative steps towards fitness. 我试探性地开始实施健身计划。 ♦ ten∙ta∙tive∙ly adv. ♦ ten∙ta∙tive∙ness noun [U] hope∙ful∙ly / ˈhəupfəli; NAme ˈhoup- / ◙ adv. 1. used to express what you hope will happen • 有希望地；可以指望: »Hopefully, we'll arrive before dark. 我们有望在天黑前到达。
【HELP】Although this is the most common use of hopefully, it is a fairly new use and some people think it is not correct. • 尽管这是 hopefully 最常见的用法,但还是相当新的,而且有人认为不正确。
2. showing hope • 抱有希望的: »'Are you free tonight?' she asked hopefully. "你今晚有空吗？"她抱着希望地问。
sys∙tem∙at∙ic / ˌsistəˈmætik / ◙ adj. • done according to a system or plan, in a thorough, efficient or determined way • 成体系的；系统的；有条理的；有计划有步骤的: »a systematic approach to solving the problem 系统解决问题的办法 »a systematic attempt to destroy the organization 力图摧毁那个组织的有计划有步骤的行动 »The prisoner was subjected to systematic torture. 犯人受到蓄意折磨。 【OPP】unsystematic ♦ sys∙tem∙at∙ic∙al∙ly / -kli / adv.: »The search was carried out systematically. 搜查已按照部署执行。