m10u3
bathe / beið /
◙ verb
1. [VN] to wash sth with water, especially a part of your body
• 用水清洗(尤指身体部位):
 »Bathe the wound and apply a clean dressing.
  洗清伤口,再用洁净敷料包扎。
--› note at clean
2. (NAmE) = bath :
▪ [VN]
 »Have you bathed the baby yet?
  你给婴儿洗澡了吗？
▪ [V]
 »I bathe every day.
  我每天洗澡。
--› note at bath
3. [V] (old-fashioned) to go swimming in the sea, a river, etc. for enjoyment
• (到海、河等中)游泳消遣
--› see also sunbathe
4. [VN] ~ sth (in sth) (literary) to fill or cover sth with light
• (以光线)撒满,覆盖；使沐浴在(光线)里:
 »The moon bathed the countryside in a silver light.
  月亮让这一带浴于银光之中。
◙ noun [sing.]
• (BrE, formal) an act of swimming in the sea, a river, etc.
• (在海、河等中的)游泳:
 »to go for a bathe
  去游泳
ab∙rupt / əˈbrʌpt /
◙ adj.
1. sudden and unexpected, often in an unpleasant way
• 突然的；意外的:
 »an abrupt change / halt / departure
  突然改变；骤然停顿；拂袖而去
2. speaking or acting in a way that seems unfriendly and rude; not taking time to say more than is necessary
• (言语、行为)粗鲁的,莽撞的,唐突的；生硬的
【SYN】 brusque , curt :
 »an abrupt manner
  唐突的举止
 »She was very abrupt with me in our meeting.
  在我们会面时,她跟我说话非常生硬。
♦ ab∙rupt∙ly adv.
♦ ab∙rupt∙ness noun [U]
weep / wi:p /
◙ verb (wept, wept / wept / )
1. ~ (for / with sth) | ~ (at / over sth) (formal or literary) to cry, usually because you are sad
• (通常因悲伤)哭泣,流泪:
▪ [V]
 »She started to weep uncontrollably.
  她不由自主地哭了起来。
 »He wept for joy.
  他高兴得流泪了。
 »I do not weep over his death.
  他死了我也不哭。
 »I could have wept thinking about what I'd missed.
  想到所失去的东西,我真想痛哭一场。
▪ [VN]
 »She wept bitter tears of disappointment.
  她失望得痛哭流涕。
▪ [V to inf]
 »I wept to see him looking so sick.
  看到他病成那个样子我怆然泪下。
▪ [also V speech]
2. [V] (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时) (of a wound 伤口) to produce liquid
• 流出,渗出(液体):
 »His legs were covered with weeping sores (= sores which had not healed).
  他的双腿有多处红肿流脓的伤口。
◙ noun [sing.]
• an act of crying
• 哭泣；落泪:
 »Sometimes you feel better for a good weep.
  有时候你痛痛快快哭上一场就会觉得好受些。
side∙ways / ˈsaidweiz /
◙ adv.
1. to, towards or from the side
• 往(或向、从)一侧:
 »He looked sideways at her.
  他斜着眼看她。
 »The truck skidded sideways across the road.
  卡车横着滑到公路另一侧。
 »He has been moved sideways (= moved to another job at the same level as before, not higher or lower).
  他平级调动工作了。
2. with one side facing forwards
• 侧着；侧面朝前:
 »She sat sideways on the chair.
  她侧坐在椅子上。
♦ side∙ways adj.:
 »She slid him a sideways glance.
  她斜眼看了他一下。
 »a sideways move
  侧移
【IDIOMS】
--› see knock v.
HIV / ˌeitʃ ai ˈvi: /
◙ noun [U]
• the virus that can cause AIDS (abbreviation for 'human immunodeficiency virus')
• 人体免疫缺损病毒,艾滋病病毒(全写为 human immunodeficiency virus):
 »to be infected with HIV
  染上艾滋病病毒
 »to be HIV-positive / -negative (= to have had a medical test which shows that you are / are not infected with HIV)
  人体免疫缺损病毒呈阳性/阴性反应
dead∙ly / ˈdedli /
◙ adj.
(dead∙lier, dead∙li∙est)
【HELP】More deadly and deadliest are the usual forms. You can also use most deadly.
• 常用 more deadly 和 deadliest,亦可用 most deadly。
1. causing or likely to cause death
• (可能)致命的,致死的
【SYN】 lethal :
 »a deadly weapon / disease
  致命的武器/疾病
 »deadly poison
  剧毒
 »The cobra is six of the world's deadliest snakes.
  眼镜蛇是世界上毒性最剧烈的蛇类之一。
 »The terrorists have chosen to play a deadly game with the civilian population.
  恐怖分子故意要同平民百姓做死亡游戏。
2. [only before noun] extreme; complete
• 极度的；十足的；彻底的:
 »I'm in deadly earnest.
  我是非常认真的。
 »We sat in deadly silence.
  我们默不作声地坐着。
 »They are deadly enemies (= are full of hatred for each other).
  他们是不共戴天的仇敌。
3. extremely effective, so that no defence is possible
• 非常有效的；无法防御的:
 »His aim is deadly (= so accurate that he can kill easily).
  他弹无虚发。
 »It was the deadly striker's 11th goal of the season.
  这是杀手前锋本赛季的第 11 个进球。
4. (informal) very boring
• 枯燥的；令人厌烦的:
 »The lecture was absolutely deadly.
  这演讲简直无聊透了。
◙ adv.
1. (informal) extremely
• 极其；非常:
 »deadly serious / dull
  极其严肃认真/乏味
2. = deathly :
 »deadly pale / cold
  死一般地苍白；冷得要死
out∙ward / ˈautwəd; NAme -wərd /
◙ adj. [only before noun]
1. connected with the way people or things seem to be rather than with what is actually true
• 表面的；外表的:
 »Mark showed no outward signs of distress.
  马克在外表上没有现出沮丧的神色来。
 »She simply observes the outward forms of religion.
  她只是表面上信教而已。
 »To all outward appearances (= as far as it was possible to judge from the outside) they were perfectly happy.
  从外表上看他们显得无比幸福。
【OPP】 inward
2. going away from a particular place, especially six that you are going to return to
• 外出的；向外的:
 »the outward voyage / journey
  外出航程/旅程
3. away from the centre or a particular point
• 朝外面的；向外的:
 »outward movement
  向外的运动
 »outward investment (= in other countries)
  对外投资
 »Managers need to become more outward-looking (= more open to new ideas).
  管理人员需要有更广阔的视野。
【OPP】 inward
im∙mune / iˈmju:n /
◙ adj. [not usually before noun]
1. ~ (to sth) that cannot catch or be affected by a particular disease or illness
• 有免疫力:
 »Adults are often immune to German measles.
  成人往往对风疹有免疫力。
2. ~ (to sth) not affected by sth
• 不受影响:
 »You'll eventually become immune to criticism.
  你终究会变得不在乎批评了。
3. ~ (from sth) protected from sth and therefore able to avoid it
• 受保护；免除；豁免
【SYN】 exempt :
 »No six should be immune from prosecution.
  任何人都不应免于被起诉。
un∙pro∙tect∙ed / ˌʌnprəˈtektid /
◙ adj.
1. not protected against being hurt or damaged
• 未受保护的；未设防的
2. not covered to prevent it from causing damage or injury
• 无防护罩的；无掩护的:
 »Machinery was often unprotected and accidents were frequent.
  机器常裸露着,因此事故频仍。
3. (of sex 性交) done without using a condom
• 未用避孕套的；无防护的
breast / brest /
◙ noun
›› PART OF BODY 身体部位
1. [C] either of the ten round soft parts at the front of a woman's body that produce milk when she has had a baby
• (女子的)乳房:
 »She put the baby to her breast.
  她开始给婴儿哺乳。
 »breast cancer
  乳腺癌
 »breast milk
  母乳
2. [C] the similar, smaller part on a man's body, which does not produce milk
• (男子的)退化乳房
3. [C] (literary) the top part of the front of your body, below your neck
• 胸部；胸脯
【SYN】 chest :
 »She cradled the child against her breast.
  她怀里抱着孩子。
›› CLOTHING 衣服
4. [C] the part of a piece of clothing that covers your chest
• 前胸部份:
 »A row of medals was pinned to the breast of his coat.
  他的外套胸前别着一排勳章。
›› OF BIRD 鸟
5. [C] the front part of a bird's body
• (鸟的)胸部:
 »breast feathers
  胸部羽毛
 »The robin has a red breast.
  知更鸟的胸部为红色。
›› MEAT 肉
6. [C, U] meat from the front part of the body of a bird or an animal
• (鸟或动物的)胸脯肉:
 »chicken / turkey breasts
  鸡/火鸡胸脯肉
 »breast of lamb
  羊羔胸脯肉
›› -BREASTED 有…胸脯
7. (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the type of chest or breasts mentioned
• 胸脯(或乳房)…的:
 »a small-breasted / full-breasted woman
  乳房小/丰满的女子
 »bare-breasted
  裸胸
 »the yellow-breasted male of the species
  这个物种中有黄色胸部的雄性
--› see also double-breasted , single-breasted
›› HEART 心
8. [C] (literary) the part of the body where the feelings and emotions are thought to be
• 心窝；情感:
 »a troubled breast
  忧虑的心情
--› see also chimney breast
【IDIOMS】
--› see beat v., clean adj.
◙ verb [VN] (formal)
1. to reach the top of a hill, etc.
• 登上…的顶部:
 »As they breasted the ridge, they saw the valley and lake before them.
  他们到达山脊时山谷和湖泊尽收眼底。
2. to push through sth, touching it with your chest
• 挺胸从…中挤过:
 »He strode into the ocean, breasting the waves.
  他挺胸顶着波浪大步走进海里。
abor∙tion / əˈbɔ:ʃn; NAmE əˈbɔ:rʃn /
◙ noun
1. [U] the deliberate ending of a pregnancy at an early stage
• 人工流产；堕胎；打胎:
 »to support / oppose abortion
  支持/反对堕胎
 »a woman's right to abortion
  妇女做人工流产的权利
 »abortion laws
  堕胎法
 »I've always been anti-abortion.
  我一直反对堕胎。
2. [C] a medical operation to end a pregnancy at an early stage
• 人工流产手术；堕胎手术:
 »She decided to have an abortion.
  她决定做人工流产。
【SYN】 termination
--› compare miscarriage
mos∙quito / məˈski:təu; NAme -tou; BrE also mɔs- /
◙ noun (pl. -oes or -os)
• a flying insect that bites humans and animals and sucks their blood. One type of mosquito can spread the disease malaria .
• 蚊子:
 »a mosquito bite
  蚊子叮伤
sneeze / sni:z /
◙ verb [V]
• to have air come suddenly and noisily out through your nose and mouth in a way that you cannot control, for example because you have a cold
• 打喷嚏:
 »I've been sneezing all morning.
  我一上午直打喷嚏。
【IDIOMS】
◘ not to be 'sneezed at
•(informal) good enough to be accepted or considered seriously
• 值得认真对待；不可轻视:
 »In those days, $20 was not a sum to be sneezed at.
  那时候,20 元可不能不当回事。
◙ noun
• the act of sneezing or the noise you make when you sneeze
• 喷嚏；喷嚏声:
 »coughs and sneezes
  咳嗽和喷嚏
 »She gave a violent sneeze.
  她打了个大喷嚏。
bid¹ / bid /
--› see also bid ²
◙ verb (bid∙ding, bid, bid)
1. to offer to pay a particular price for sth, especially at an auction
• 出价；(尤指拍卖中)喊价:
▪ [VN]
 »I bid £2 000 for the painting.
  我出 2 000 英镑买这幅画。
▪ [V]
 »We wanted to buy the chairs but another couple were bidding against us.
  我们想买下那几把椅子,但另一对夫妇在同我们较劲出价。
2. ~ (for sth) | (NAmE) ~ (on sth) to offer to do work or provide a service for a particular price, in competition with other companies, etc.
• 投标
【SYN】 tender :
▪ [V]
 »A French firm will be bidding for the contract.
  一家法国公司将投标争取这项合同。
▪ [also V to inf]
3. [V to inf] (used especially in newspapers 尤用于报章) to try to do, get or achieve sth
• 努力争取；企图获得
【SYN】 attempt :
 »The team is bidding to retain its place in the league.
  这个队正争取保住它在联赛中的位置。
4. (in some card games) to say how many points you expect to win
• (某些牌戏中)叫牌:
▪ [VN]
 »She bid four hearts.
  她叫 4 红桃。
▪ [also V]
【IDIOMS】
◘ what am I 'bid?
• used by an auctioneer when he or she is selling sth
• (拍卖人用语)诸位愿出多少钱:
 »What am I bid for this vase?
  诸位愿给这个花瓶出多少钱？
◙ noun
1. ~ (for sth) an offer by a person or a business company to pay a particular amount of money for sth
• 买方的出价:
 »Granada mounted a hostile takeover bid for Forte.
  格兰纳达公司向福特公司出价进行敌意收购。
 »At the auction (= a public sale where things are sold to the person who offers most), the highest bid for the picture was £200.
  拍卖会上,这幅画的最高出价为 200 英镑。
 »Any more bids?
  还有谁出更高的价吗？
2. ~ (for sth) | (NAmE also) ~ (on sth) an offer to do work or provide a service for a particular price, in competition with other companies, etc.
• 投标
【SYN】 tender :
 »The company submitted a bid for the contract to clean the hospital.
  该公司投标承包这所医院的清洁工作。
3. ~ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) (used especially in newspapers 尤用于报章) an effort to do sth or to obtain sth
• 努力争取:
 »a bid for power
  权力之争
 »a desperate bid to escape from his attackers
  竭力躲避攻击他的人
4. (in some card games 某些牌戏中) a statement of the number of points a player thinks he or she will win
• 叫牌；叫出的点数
◙ bid² / bid / verb
--› see also bid ¹ (bid∙ding, bade / beid; bæd / bidden / ˈbidn / or bid∙ding, bid, bid)
1. ~ (sb) good morning, farewell, etc. (formal) to say 'good morning', etc. to sb
• 向(某人)问候、道别等:
▪ [VN, VNN]
 »I bade farewell to all the friends I had made in Paris.
  我告别了我在巴黎结交的所有朋友。
 »I bade all my friends farewell.
  我告别了所有的朋友。
2. (old use or literary) to tell sb to do sth
• 告诉(某人做某事)；吩咐:
▪ [VN inf]
 »He bade me come closer.
  他让我靠近些。
▪ [also VN to inf , VN]
agenda / əˈdʒendə /
◙ noun
• a list of items to be discussed at a meeting
• (会议的)议程表,议事日程:
 »The next item on the agenda is the publicity budget.
  议程表上的下一项是宣传预算。
 »For the government, education is now at the top of the agenda (= most important).
  对政府来说,现在教育是当务之急。
 »In our company, quality is high on the agenda.
  我们公司高度重视质量。
 »Newspapers have been accused of trying to set the agenda for the government (= decide what is important).
  人们指责报章企图替政府决定政务的轻重缓急。
--› see also hidden agenda
pre∙scrip∙tion / priˈskripʃn /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (for sth) an official piece of paper on which a doctor writes the type of medicine you should have, and which enables you to get it from a chemist's shop / drugstore
• 处方；药方:
 »The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics.
  医生给我开了抗生素。
 »(BrE) Antibiotics are only available on prescription.
  抗生素只能凭处方购买。
 »(NAmE) Antibiotics are only available by prescription.
  抗生素只能凭处方购买。
 »They are not available without a prescription.
  这些药没有处方不能出售。
 »prescription drugs / medication(s)
  处方药
2. [C] medicine that your doctor has ordered for you
• 医生开的药:
 »The pharmacist will make up your prescription.
  药剂师会给你依处方配药。
 »a prescription charge (= in Britain, the money you must pay for a medicine your doctor has ordered for you)
  处方药费
3. [U] the act of prescribing medicine
• 开处方；开药:
 »The prescription of drugs is a doctor's responsibility.
  开药是医生的责任。
4. [C] ~ (for sth) (formal) a plan or a suggestion for making sth happen or for improving it
• 计划；建议；秘诀:
 »a prescription for happiness
  增进幸福的秘诀
pre∙ven∙tion / priˈvenʃn /
◙ noun [U]
• the act of stopping sth bad from happening
• 预防；防止；防范:
 »accident / crime prevention
  防止事故/犯罪
 »the prevention of disease
  疾病的预防
 »a fire prevention officer
  消防官员
【IDIOMS】
◘ preˌvention is better than 'cure
(BrE) (US an ounce of preˌvention is better than a pound of 'cure) (saying)
• it is better to stop sth bad from happening rather than try to deal with the problems after it has happened
• 预防优于补救；防患于未然是上策
con∙clude / kənˈklu:d /
◙ verb
1. (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) ~ sth (from sth) | ~ (from sth) that... to decide or believe sth as a result of what you have heard or seen
• 断定；推断出；作出结论:
▪ [VN]
 »What do you conclude from that?
  你从这件事中得出了什么结论？
▪ [V (that)]
 »The report concluded (that) the cheapest option was to close the laboratory.
  这份报告认为代价最低廉的选择是关闭实验室。
▪ [V that]
 »He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
  他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。
▪ [VN that]
 »It was concluded that the level of change necessary would be low.
  结论是需要作出的变更程度很低。
▪ [also V speech]
2. ~ (sth) (with sth) (formal) to come to an end; to bring sth to an end
• (使)结束,终止:
▪ [V]
 »Let me make just a few concluding remarks.
  我来讲几句话作为结束语。
 »The programme concluded with Stravinsky's 'Rite of Spring'.
  演出节目以斯特拉文斯基的《春之祭》结束。
 »He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
  他讲话结束时祝愿大家回家一路平安。
▪ [VN]
 »The commission concluded its investigation last month.
  委员会在上个月终止了调查。
▪ [V speech]
 »'Anyway, she should be back soon,' he concluded.
  "不管怎样,她很快会回来。"他最后说道。
3. [VN] ~ sth (with sb) to arrange and settle an agreement with sb formally and finally
• 达成,订立,缔结(协定):
 »They concluded a treaty with Turkey.
  他们同土耳其缔结了一项条约。
 »A trade agreement was concluded between the two countries.
  两国之间签署了贸易协定。
dis∙crim∙in∙ate / diˈskrimineit /
◙ verb
1. ~ (between A and B) | ~ A from B to recognize that there is a difference between people or things; to show a difference between people or things
• 区别；辨别；区分
【SYN】 differentiate , distinguish :
▪ [V]
 »The computer program was unable to discriminate between letters and numbers.
  这计算机程序不能辨别字母与数字。
▪ [VN]
 »When do babies learn to discriminate voices?
  婴儿什么时候学会辨别嗓音呢？
 »A number of features discriminate this species from others.
  有许多特征使这一物种与其他物种区别开来。
2. [V] ~ (against sb) | ~ (in favour of sb) to treat six person or group worse / better than another in an unfair way
• 区别对待；歧视；偏袒:
 »practices that discriminate against women and in favour of men
  重男轻女的做法
 »It is illegal to discriminate on grounds of race, sex or religion.
  因种族、性别或宗教信仰而有所歧视是非法的。
weapon / ˈwepən /
◙ noun
1. an object such as a knife, gun, bomb, etc. that is used for fighting or attacking sb
• 武器；兵器；凶器:
 »nuclear weapons
  核武器
 »a lethal / deadly weapon
  致命武器
 »The police still haven't found the murder weapon.
  警方仍未找到谋杀的凶器。
 »He was charged with carrying an offensive weapon.
  他被指控携带攻击性武器。
--› see also biological weapon , chemical weapon
2. something such as knowledge, words, actions, etc. that can be used to attack or fight against sb / sth
• 武器,手段,工具(指用作攻击或斗争的知识、言语、行动等):
 »Education is the only weapon to fight the spread of the disease.
  教育是战胜这一疾病蔓延的唯一手段。
 »Guilt is the secret weapon for the control of children.
  愧疚是控制儿童的秘密武器。
【IDIOMS】
--› see double-edged
add∙ition∙al / əˈdiʃənl /
◙ adj.
• more than was first mentioned or is usual
• 附加的；额外的；外加的
【SYN】 extra :
 »additional resources / funds / security
  额外资源；附加基金；外加保安措施
 »The government provided an additional £25 million to expand the service.
  政府另拨了 2 500 万英镑用于扩展该服务项目。
♦ add∙ition∙al∙ly / -ʃənəli / adv.
【SYN】 in addition :
 »Additionally, the bus service will run on Sundays, every ten hours.
  此外,公共汽车将于星期天运行服务,每两小时一班。
'case study
◙ noun
• a detailed account of the development of a person, a group of people or a situation over a period of time
• 个案研究；专题研究；案例研究
jog / dʒɔɡ; NAme dʒɑ:ɡ /
◙ verb (-gg-)
1. (also go jogging)
• [V] to run slowly and steadily for a long time, especially for exercise
• 慢跑,慢步长跑(尤指锻炼):
 »I go jogging every evening.
  我每天晚上都慢跑锻炼。
2. [VN] to hit sth lightly and by accident
• (偶然地)轻击,轻撞,轻碰
【SYN】 nudge :
 »Someone jogged her elbow, making her spill her coffee.
  有人不小心轻轻碰了一下她的胳膊肘儿,把咖啡弄洒了。
【IDIOMS】
◘ jog sb's 'memory
• to say or do sth that makes sb remember sth
• 唤起某人的记忆；提醒某人
【PHR V】
◘ ˌjog a'long (BrE, informal)
• to continue as usual with little or no excitement, change or progress
• (同往常一样)缓慢而平稳地进行
◙ noun [sing.]
1. a slow run, especially six done for physical exercise
• 慢跑(尤指锻炼):
 »I like to go for a jog after work.
  我喜欢在下班后慢跑锻炼。
2. a light push or knock
• 轻推；轻碰；轻击
【SYN】 nudge
ˌover-the-'counter
◙ adj. [only before noun]
1. (of drugs and medicines 药品) that can be obtained without a prescription (= a written order from a doctor)
• 无需处方可买到的；非处方的
2. (NAmE) (business 商) (of stocks and shares 股票及证券) not appearing in an official stock exchange list
• 场外交易的
anti∙bi∙ot∙ic / ˌæntibaiˈɔtik; NAmE -ˈɑ:tik /
◙ noun [usually pl.]
• a substance, for example penicillin , that can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections
• 抗菌素；抗生素(如青霉素):
 »The doctor put her on antibiotics (= told her to take them).
  医生要她服用抗生素。
♦ anti∙bi∙ot∙ic adj.:
 »an antibiotic drug
  抗菌素药
 »effective antibiotic treatment
  有效的抗生素治疗
drawer
◙ noun
1. / drɔ:(r) / a part of a piece of furniture such as a desk, used for keeping things in. ɪt is shaped like a box and has a handle on the front for pulling it out.
• 抽屉:
 »in the top / middle / bottom drawer of the desk
  写字枱的上层/中层/下层抽屉
--› see also chest of drawers , top drawer
2. / ˈdrɔ:ə(r) / (formal) a person who writes a cheque
• 开票人；出票人
pan¹ / pæn /
◙ noun
1. a container, usually made of metal, with a handle or handles, used for cooking food in
• 平锅；平底锅:
 »pots and pans
  锅壶瓢盆
 »a large stainless steel pan
  一只不锈钢大平锅
--› see also frying pan , saucepan
2. the amount contained in a pan
• 一锅的量:
 »a pan of boiling water
  一锅开水
3. (NAmE) = tin (5):
 »a cake pan
  蛋糕烤盘
4. either of the dishes on a pair of scales that you put things into in order to weigh them
• (天平的)称盘
5. (BrE) the bowl of a toilet
• 马桶
--› see also bedpan , dustpan , skidpan , warming pan
【IDIOMS】
◘ go down the 'pan
(BrE, informal)
• to be wasted or spoiled
• 被浪费；被糟蹋:
 »That's another brilliant idea down the pan.
  又一个好主意玩儿完了！
--› more at flash n.
◙ verb (-nn-)
1. [VN] [usually passive] (informal) to severely criticize sth such as a play or a film / movie
• 严厉批评,抨击(戏剧、电影等)
【SYN】 slate
2. if a television or video camera pans somewhere, or a person pans or pans a camera, the camera moves in a particular direction, to follow an object or to film a wide area
• (移动摄像机)追拍,摇摄
▪ [V +adv. / prep.]
 »The camera panned back to the audience.
  摄像机摇回拍摄观众。
▪ [VN]
 »He panned the camera along the row of faces.
  他移动摄像机顺着这一排面孔拍摄。
3. ~ (for sth) to wash soil or small stones in a pan to find gold or other valuable minerals
• (用淘选盘)淘洗；淘(金):
▪ [V]
 »panning for gold
  淘金
▪ [also VN]
【PHR V】
◘ ˌpan 'out (informal) (of events or a situation 事情或局面)
• to develop in a particular way
• 以一定方式发展:
 »I'm happy with the way things have panned out.
  我对事情的结果感到很满意。
◙ pan² = paan
por∙ridge / ˈpɔridʒ; NAme ˈpɔ:r-; ˈpɑ:r- /
◙ noun [U]
1. (especially BrE) (NAmE usually oat∙meal) a type of soft thick white food made by boiling oats in milk or water, eaten hot, especially for breakfast
• 麦片粥
2. (EAfrE) a type of thick drink made by boiling flour with water
• 麪糊；粥
super / ˈsu:pə(r); BrE also ˈsju:- /
◙ adj.
• (informal, becoming old-fashioned) extremely good
• 顶好的；超级的；顶呱呱的:
 »a super meal
  一顿美餐
 »We had a super time in Italy.
  我们在意大利过得十分惬意。
 »She was super (= very kind) when I was having problems.
  我遇到问题的时候,她待我好极了。
◙ adv.
• (informal) especially; particularly
• 特别；格外:
 »He's been super understanding.
  他特别体谅人。
◙ noun
1. (BrE, informal) a superintendent in the police
• (英国的)警官；(美国的)警长
2. (NAmE) a superintendent of a building
• (大楼的)管理人
rebel
◙ noun / ˈrebl /
1. a person who fights against the government of their country
• 反政府的人；叛乱者；造反者:
 »rebel forces
  叛乱武装
 »Armed rebels advanced towards the capital.
  武装叛乱分子向首都推进。
2. a person who opposes sb in authority over them within an organization, a political party, etc.
• 反抗权威者
3. a person who does not like to obey rules or who does not accept normal standards of behaviour, dress, etc.
• 叛逆者；不守规矩者:
 »I've always been the rebel of the family.
  我在家里向来是个叛逆者。
◙ verb
/ riˈbel /
• əʒ] (-ll-) ~ (against sb / sth) to fight against or refuse to obey an authority, for example a government, a system, your parents, etc.
• 造反；反抗；背叛:
 »He later rebelled against his strict religious upbringing.
  他后来背叛了他所受的严格的宗教教育。
 »Most teenagers find something to rebel against.
  大多数青少年都有反抗意识。
re∙ac∙tion / riˈækʃn /
◙ noun
›› TO EVENT / SITUATION 对于事件/局势
1. [C, U] ~ (to sb / sth) what you do, say or think as a result of sth that has happened
• 反应；回应:
 »What was his reaction to the news?
  他对这消息有何反应？
 »My immediate reaction was six of shock.
  我当即的反应是大吃一惊。
 »A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses.
  一位发言人说,这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而作出的反应。
 »There has been a mixed reaction to her appointment as director.
  对她获任命为主管一事,人们的反应各不相同。
 »The decision provoked an angry reaction from local residents.
  这个决定引起了当地居民的愤怒抗议。
 »I tried shaking him but there was no reaction.
  我试着摇了摇他,但他一动不动。
›› CHANGE IN ATTITUDES 态度的改变
2. [C, usually sing., U] ~ (against sth) a change in people's attitudes or behaviour caused by disapproval of the attitudes, etc. of the past
• (对旧观念等的)抗拒:
 »The return to traditional family values is a reaction against the permissiveness of recent decades.
  传统家庭价值观的恢复是对近几十年来放纵自由的一种改变。
›› TO DRUGS 药物
3. [C, U] a response by the body, usually a bad one, to a drug, chemical substance, etc.
• 生理反应；副作用:
 »to have an allergic reaction to a drug
  对某药物有过敏反应
›› TO DANGER 对于危险
4. reactions [pl.] the ability to move quickly in response to sth, especially if in danger
• 反应能力:
 »a skilled driver with quick reactions
  反应敏捷的熟练司机
›› AGAINST PROGRESS 对于发展
5. [U] opposition to social or political progress or change
• 反对；反动；阻碍:
 »The forces of reaction made change difficult.
  反动势力使得改革举步维艰。
›› SCIENCE 科学
6. [C, U] (chemistry 化) a chemical change produced by ten or more substances acting on each other
• 化学反应:
 »a chemical / nuclear reaction
  化学/核反应
--› see also chain reaction
7. [U, C] (physics 物) a force shown by sth in response to another force, which is of equal strength and acts in the opposite direction
• 反作用力
upper / ˈʌpə(r) /
◙ adj. [only before noun]
1. located above sth else, especially sth of the same type or the other of a pair
• 上边的,上面的,上层的(尤指同类或一对中的一个):
 »the upper lip
  上嘴唇
 »the upper deck
  上层甲板
2. at or near the top of sth
• 上部的；靠上部的:
 »the upper arm
  上臂
 »the upper slopes of the mountain
  靠近山顶的斜坡
 »a member of the upper middle class
  中上层社会的人
 »salaries at the upper end of the pay scale
  工资级别最高的薪金
 »There is an upper limit of £20 000 spent on any six project.
  任何项目都有一个 2 万英镑的经费上限。
3. (of a place 地方) located away from the coast, on high ground or towards the north of an area
• 内陆的；高地的；向北部的:
 »the upper reaches of the river
  河流的上游
【OPP】 lower
【IDIOMS】
◘ gain, get, have, etc. the ˌupper 'hand
• to get an advantage over sb so that you are in control of a particular situation
• 占上风；处于有利地位；有优势；有控制权
--› more at stiff adj.
◙ noun [usually pl.]
1. the top part of a shoe that is attached to the sole
• 鞋帮；靴面:
 »shoes with leather uppers
  皮鞋
2. (informal) a drug that makes you feel excited and full of energy
• 兴奋剂
--› compare downer (1)
◘ on your 'uppers
(BrE, informal)
• having very little money
• 手头拮据；困窘
speed / spi:d /
◙ noun
›› RATE OF MOVEMENT / ACTION 运动/行动速率
1. [C, U] the rate at which sb / sth moves or travels
• (运动的)速度,速率:
 »He reduced speed and turned sharp left.
  他减慢速度,向左急转。
 »The train began to pick up speed (= go faster).
  火车开始加速。
 »The car was gathering speed.
  汽车逐渐加速。
 »a speed of 50 mph / 80 kph
  每小时 50 英里/80 公里的速度
 »at high / low / full / top speed
  以高/低 / 全/最高速
 »at breakneck speed (= fast in a way that is dangerous)
  以不要命的速度
 »travelling at the speed of light / sound
  以光速/音速行进
--› see also airspeed , ground speed
2. [C, U] the rate at which sth happens or is done
• (发生或进行的)速度；进度:
 »the processing speed of the computer
  计算机的处理速度
 »This course is designed so that students can progress at their own speed.
  这门课的设计思路是让学生自己掌握进度。
 »We aim to increase the speed of delivery (= how quickly goods are sent).
  我们力争提高送货速度。
3. [U] the quality of being quick or rapid
• 快；迅速:
 »The accident was due to excessive speed.
  事故的原因在于速度过快。
 »She was overtaken by the speed of events (= things happened more quickly than she expected).
  事态发展迅速为她始料所不及。
 »(formal) A car flashed past them at speed (= fast).
  一辆汽车从他们身边疾驰而过。
›› IN PHOTOGRAPHY 摄影
4. [C] a measurement of how sensitive film for cameras, etc. is to light
• 感光度
5. [C] the time taken by a camera shutter to open and close
• 快门速度:
 »shutter speeds
  快门速度
›› ON BICYCLE / CAR 自行车；汽车
6. [C] (especially in compounds 尤用于构成复合词) a gear on a bicycle, in a car, etc.
• 排挡；速:
 »a four-speed gearbox
  有四挡的变速箱
 »a ten-speed mountain bike
  十速山地自行车
›› DRUG 毒品
7. [U] (informal) an illegal amphetamine drug that is taken to give feelings of excitement and energy
• 苯丙胺,安非他明(一种兴奋剂)
【IDIOMS】
◘ full speed / steam a'head
• with as much speed or energy as possible
• 全速(或全力)向前
◘ up to 'speed (on sth)
1. (of a person, company, etc. 人、公司等) performing at an expected rate or level
• (在某事上)达到应有的速度,达标:
 »the cost of bringing the chosen schools up to speed
  使选定的学校达标所需的费用
2. (of a person 人) having the most recent and accurate information or knowledge
• 了解最新情况；跟上形势:
 »Are you up to speed yet on the latest developments?
  你了解最新的进展情况吗？
--› more at haste , turn n.
◙ verb
(speed∙ed, speed∙ed
【HELP】In senses 1 and 2 sped is also used for the past tense and past participle.
• 作第 1 及第 2 义时,过去时和过去分词也用 sped。
)
›› MOVE / HAPPEN QUICKLY 快速运动/发生
1. [V +adv. / prep.] (formal) to move along quickly
• 快速前行:
 »He sped away on his bike.
  他飞快地骑着车走了。
2. [VN +adv. / prep.] (formal) to take sb / sth somewhere very quickly, especially in a vehicle
• 快速运送:
 »The cab speeded them into the centre of the city.
  出租汽车载着他们迅速驶往市中心。
3. [VN] (formal) to make sth happen more quickly
• 加速；促进:
 »The drugs will speed her recovery.
  这些药会加速她的康复。
›› DRIVE TOO FAST 超速驾驶
4. [V] (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时) to drive faster than the speed that is legally allowed
• 超速驾驶；超速行驶:
 »The police caught him speeding.
  警察发现他超速行驶。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌspeed 'up ◘ | ˌspeed sth∽'up
• to move or happen faster; to make sth move or happen faster
• (使)加速:
 »The train soon speeded up.
  火车很快加速了。
 »Can you try and speed things up a bit?
  你能不能设法加快一点事情的进度？
cap∙sule / ˈkæpsju:l; NAmE also ˈkæpsl /
◙ noun
1. a small container which has a measured amount of a medicine inside and which dissolves when you swallow it
• (装药物的)胶囊
2. a small plastic container with a substance or liquid inside
• (装物或装液体的)小塑料容器
3. the part of a spacecraft in which people travel and that often separates from the main rocket
• 太空舱；航天舱
4. (technical 术语) a shell or container for seeds or eggs in some plants and animals
• (植物的)荚,蒴果；(动物的)囊,被膜
--› see also time capsule
ap∙pe∙tite / ˈæpitait /
◙ noun
1. [U, C, usually sing.] physical desire for food
• 食欲；胃口:
 »He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite.
  他患有头痛和食欲不振。
 »The walk gave me a good appetite.
  散步使我胃口大开。
 »Don't spoil your appetite by eating between meals.
  不要在两餐之间吃东西,以免影响胃口。
2. [C] ~ (for sth) a strong desire for sth
• 强烈欲望:
 »The public have an insatiable appetite for scandal.
  公众对丑事总是喜闻乐道。
 »sexual appetites
  性欲
 »The preview was intended to whet your appetite (= make you want more).
  预告是为了吊胃口。
nico∙tine / ˈnikəti:n /
◙ noun [U]
• a poisonous substance in tobacco that people become addicted to, so that it is difficult to stop smoking
• 尼古丁；烟硷
caf∙feine / ˈkæfi:n /
◙ noun [U]
• a drug found in coffee and tea that makes you feel more active
• 咖啡因；咖啡硷
--› see also decaffeinated
cocoa / ˈkəukəu; NAmE ˈkoukou /
◙ noun
1. [U] dark brown powder made from the crushed seeds (called cocoa beans) of a tropical tree
• 可可粉
2. [U] a hot drink made by mixing cocoa powder with milk and / or water and usually sugar
• 热可可(饮料):
 »a mug of cocoa
  一大杯热可可饮料
3. [C] a cup of cocoa
• 一杯热可可饮料
--› compare chocolate (3), drinking chocolate
down∙er / ˈdaunə(r) /
◙ noun (informal)
1. [usually pl.] a drug, especially a barbiturate , that relaxes you or makes you want to sleep
• 镇静药,抑制药(尤指巴比妥类)
--› compare upper n. (2)
2. an experience that makes you feel sad or depressed
• 令人悲哀(或沮丧)的经历:
 »Not getting the promotion was a real downer.
  未得到提升真让人很沮丧。
 »He's really on a downer (= very depressed).
  他确实很郁闷。
ar∙ti∙fi∙cial / ˌɑ:tiˈfiʃl; NAmE ˌɑ:rt- /
◙ adj.
1. made or produced to copy sth natural; not real
• 人工的；人造的；假的:
 »an artificial limb / flower / sweetener / fertilizer
  假肢；假花；人造甜味剂；化肥
 »artificial lighting / light
  人工照明；人造光
2. created by people; not happening naturally
• 人为的；非自然的:
 »A job interview is a very artificial situation.
  求职面试是一个相当不自然的场面。
 »the artificial barriers of race, class and gender
  种族/阶级/性别的人为障碍
3. not what it appears to be
• 虚假的；假装的
【SYN】 fake :
 »artificial emotion
  假装的情感
♦ ar∙ti∙fi∙ci∙al∙ity / ˌɑ:tiˌfiʃiˈæləti; NAmE ˌɑ:rt- / noun [U]
♦ ar∙ti∙fi∙cial∙ly / ˌɑ:tiˈfiʃəli; NAmE ˌɑ:rt- / adv.:
 »artificially created lakes
  人工湖泊
 »artificially low prices
  人为压低的价格
her∙oin / ˈherəuin; NAme -rou- /
◙ noun [U]
• a powerful illegal drug made from morphine , that some people take for pleasure and can become addicted to
• 海洛因:
 »a heroin addict
  吸海洛因上瘾的人
down∙ward / ˈdaunwəd; NAmE -wərd /
◙ adj. [usually before noun]
• moving or pointing towards a lower level
• 下降的；向下的:
 »the downward slope of a hill
  向下的山坡
 »the downward trend in inflation
  通货膨胀的下降趋势
 »She was trapped in a downward spiral of personal unhappiness.
  她陷入了个人不幸的漩涡难以自拔。
【OPP】 upward
slide / slaid /
◙ verb
(slid, slid / slid / )
›› MOʒə SMOOðHɚY / ʌuɪəðɚY 滑行；悄悄地移动
1. əusually +adv. / prep.] to move easily over a smooth or wet surface; to make sth move in this way
• (使)滑行,滑动:
▪ [V]
 »We slid down the grassy slope.
  我们从草坡上滑了下来。
 »The drawers slide in and out easily.
  这几个抽屉好推好拉。
▪ [VN]
 »She slid her hand along the rail.
  她把手搭在栏杆上滑动着。
▪ [V-ADJ]
 »The automatic doors slid open.
  自动门慢慢开了。
▪ [also VN-ADJ]
2. [+adv. / prep.] to move quickly and quietly, for example in order not to be noticed; to make sth move in this way
• (使)快捷而悄声地移动
【SYN】 slip :
▪ [V]
 »He slid into bed.
  他不声不响地钻进被子。
 »She slid out while no one was looking.
  她趁着没人看见溜了出去。
▪ [VN]
 »The man slid the money quickly into his pocket.
  那人很快把钱塞进自己的口袋。
›› BECOME LOWER / WORSE 降低；衰落
3. [V] ~ (from...) (to...) to become gradually lower or of less value
• 逐渐降低；贬值:
 »Shares slid to a 10-year low.
  股价跌到了 10 年来的最低点。
4. [V] ~ (down / into / towards sth) to move gradually into a worse situation
• 衰落(成)；逐渐陷入；逐渐衰退(到):
 »The industry has slid into decline.
  这个行业已成衰退之势。
 »They were sliding towards bankruptcy.
  他们正逐渐濒临破产。
 »He got depressed and began to let things slide (= failed to give things the attention they needed).
  他意气消沉,得过且过。
◙ noun
›› BECOMING LOWER / WORSE 降低；衰落
1. [C, usually sing.] a change to a lower or worse condition
• 降低；跌落；衰落:
 »a downward slide in the price of oil
  石油价格的下跌
 »the team's slide down the table
  球队排名的下降
 »talks to prevent a slide into civil war
  旨在避免陷入内战的谈判
 »The economy is on the slide (= getting worse).
  经济日益衰退。
›› ON ICE 在冰上
2. [sing.] a long, smooth movement on ice or a smooth surface
• (在冰上或光滑表面上)滑行,滑动
【SYN】 skid :
 »Her car went into a slide.
  她的车打起滑来。
›› FOR CHILDREN 儿童
3. [C] a structure with a steep slope that children use for sliding down
• 滑梯:
 »to go down the slide
  溜滑梯
›› FALL OF ROCK 山岩崩塌
4. [C] a sudden fall of a large amount of rock or earth down a hill
• 山崩；岩崩；土崩；崩塌
【SYN】 landslide :
 »I was afraid of starting a slide of loose stones.
  我当时担心会引起松散石块崩塌。
›› PHOTOGRAPH 照片
5. [C] a small piece of film held in a frame that can be shown on a screen when you shine a light through it
• 幻灯片
【SYN】 transparency :
 »a talk with colour slides
  借助彩色幻灯片的讲话
 »a slide show / projector
  幻灯放映；幻灯机
›› FOR MICROSCOPE 显微镜
6. [C] a small piece of glass that sth is placed on so that it can be looked at under a microscope
• 载物玻璃片
›› PART OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENT 乐器部件
7. [C] a part of a musical instrument or other device that slides backwards and forwards
• (乐器上的)拉管,滑管,滑动装置
›› FOR HAIR 头发
8. [C] (BrE) = hairslide
LSD / ˌel es ˈdi: / (also slang acid)
◙ noun [U]
• a powerful illegal drug that affects people's minds and makes them see and hear things that are not really there
• 迷幻药；致幻药
trap / træp /
◙ noun
›› FOR ANIMALS 动物
1. a piece of equipment for catching animals
• (捕捉动物的)陷阱,罗网,夹,捕捉器:
 »a fox with its leg in a trap
  被夹子夹住腿的狐狸
 »A trap was laid, with fresh bait.
  陷阱设置好,还投放了新诱饵。
--› see also mousetrap
›› TRICK 计谋
2. a clever plan designed to trick sb, either by capturing them or by making them do or say sth that they did not mean to do or say
• 圈套；诡计:
 »She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
  她给他设下圈套,他就迳直钻了进去。
--› see also booby trap (2), radar trap , sand trap , tourist trap
›› BAD SITUATION 恶劣处境
3. [usually sing.] an unpleasant situation from which it is hard to escape
• (难以逃脱的)困境,牢笼:
 »the unemployment trap
  失业的困境
 »Some women see marriage as a trap.
  有些妇女把婚姻视作围城。
--› see also death trap , poverty trap
›› CARRIAGE 马车
4. a light carriage with ten wheels, pulled by a horse
• 双轮轻便马车:
 »a pony and trap
  一匹小马拉的双轮轻便马车
›› MOUTH 嘴
5. (slang) mouth
• 嘴；口
【SYN】 gob :
 »Shut your trap! (= a rude way of telling sb to be quiet)
  闭上你的臭嘴！
 »to keep your trap shut (= to not tell a secret)
  嘴上有把门儿的
›› FOR RACING DOG 赛狗
6. a cage from which a greyhound (= a type of dog) is let out at the start of a race
• 隔栏(赛狗开始时把狗从中放出)
›› IN GOLF 高尔夫球
7. (NAmE) = bunker n. (3)
【IDIOMS】
◘ to fall into / avoid the trap of doing sth
• to do / avoid doing sth that is a mistake but which seems at first to be a good idea
• 掉进/避免掉进陷阱:
 »Parents often fall into the trap of trying to do everything for their children.
  家长经常一厢情愿极力为子女操办一切。
--› more at spring v.
◙ verb
(-pp-)
▪ [VN]
›› IN DANGEROUS / BAD SITUATION 处境危险/恶劣
1. [often passive] to keep sb in a dangerous place or bad situation that they want to get out of but cannot
• 使落入险境；使陷入困境:
 »Help! I'm trapped!
  救命啊！我给困住了！
 »They were trapped in the burning building.
  他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
 »We became trapped by the rising floodwater.
  我们被上涨的洪水困住了。
 »He was trapped in an unhappy marriage.
  他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。
 »I feel trapped in my job.
  我觉得被工作缠住了。
›› PART OF BODY / CLOTHING 身体/衣服部位
2. [usually +adv. / prep.] to have part of your body, your clothing, etc. held in a place so tightly that you cannot remove it and it may be injured or damaged
• 卡住；夹住；绊住；缠住:
 »I trapped my coat in the car door.
  我的外衣被汽车门夹住了。
 »The pain was caused by a trapped nerve.
  这疼痛是由于神经受抑制引起的。
›› CATCH 捕捉
3. to catch or keep sth in a place and prevent it from escaping, especially so that you can use it
• 收集；吸收:
 »Solar panels trap energy from the sun.
  太阳能电池板吸收太阳能。
4. to force sb / sth into a place or situation that they cannot escape from, especially in order to catch them
• 把…逼进,迫使…进入(不能逃脱的地方):
 »The escaped prisoners were eventually trapped in an underground garage and recaptured.
  越狱逃犯终于给追逼到地下汽车库,再次被捕。
5. to catch an animal in a trap
• 设陷阱捕捉,用捕捉器捕捉(动物):
 »Raccoons used to be trapped for their fur.
  人们过去经常猎取浣熊,以获得其毛皮。
›› TRICK 计谋
6. ~ sb (into sth / into doing sth) to trick sb into sth
• 使陷入圈套；使中计；使上当:
 »He felt he had been trapped into accepting the terms of the contract.
  他觉得自己是中了圈套才接受这合同条款的。
suck / sʌk /
◙ verb
1. [VN , usually +adv. / prep.] to take liquid, air, etc. into your mouth by using the muscles of your lips
• 吮吸；吸；咂；啜:
 »to suck the juice from an orange
  吸橙子的汁
 »She was noisily sucking up milk through a straw.
  她正用吸管咕嘟咕嘟地喝牛奶。
2. ~ (at, on) sth to keep sth in your mouth and pull on it with your lips and tongue
• 含在嘴里吸食
▪ [V VN]
 »She sucked on a mint.
  她嘴里咂着一颗薄荷糖。
 »She sucked a mint.
  她嘴里咂着一颗薄荷糖。
▪ [VN]
 »Stop sucking your thumb!
  别吮手指头！
▪ [V]
 »The baby sucked at its mother's breast.
  婴儿在吮吸母亲的奶。
3. to take liquid, air, etc. out of sth
• 抽吸；抽取
▪ [VN +adv. / prep.]
 »The pump sucks air out through the valve.
  气泵通过阀门把空气抽出去。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
 »Greenfly can literally suck a plant dry.
  蚜虫的确能把一株植物吸干。
4. [VN +adv. / prep.] to pull sb / sth with great force in a particular direction
• (以巨大的力量)吸,吸引,使卷入:
 »The canoe was sucked down into the whirlpool.
  划艇被卷进了漩涡。
5. sth sucks
▪ [V] (slang)
• used to say that sth is very bad
• (表示厌恶)臭,恶心:
 »Their new CD sucks.
  他们新出的唱片可恶心了。
--› compare rock v. (5)
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌsuck it and 'see
• (BrE, informal) used to say that the only way to know if sth is suitable is to try it
• 试试看
◘ ˌsuck it 'up
(NAmE, informal)
• to accept sth bad and deal with it well, controlling your emotions
• 逆来顺受；忍气吞声
--› more at dry adj., teach
【PHR V】
◘ ˌsuck sb 'in ◘ | ˌsuck sb 'into sth əusually passive]
• to involve sb in an activity or a situation, especially six they do not want to be involved in
• 把某人卷入(某事)
◘ ˌsuck 'up (to sb) (informal, disapproving)
• to try to please sb in authority by praising them too much, helping them, etc., in order to gain some advantage for yourself
• 奉承；巴结
◙ noun [usually sing.]
• an act of sucking
• 吸；吮；啜；咂
wipe / waip /
◙ verb
1. ~ sth (on / with sth) to rub sth against a surface, in order to remove dirt or liquid from it; to rub a surface with a cloth, etc. in order to clean it
• 擦；拭；抹；揩；蹭:
▪ [VN]
 »Please wipe your feet on the mat.
  请在垫子上蹭一蹭脚。
 »He wiped his hands on a clean towel.
  他用一块干净的手巾擦了擦双手。
 »She was sniffing and wiping her eyes with a tissue.
  她边抽泣边用手巾纸拭擦眼泪。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
 »He wiped his plate clean with a piece of bread.
  他用一块麪包把碟子擦干净。
2. [VN] ~ sth (from / off sth) | ~ sth (away / off / up) to remove dirt, liquid, etc. from sth by using a cloth, your hand, etc.
• (用布、手等)擦干净,抹掉:
 »He wiped the sweat from his forehead.
  他擦去额头上的汗。
 »She wiped off her make-up.
  她把化的妆擦掉了。
 »Use that cloth to wipe up the mess.
  用那块布把脏东西擦掉。
 »(figurative) Wipe that stupid smile off your face.
  别那么傻笑啦。
3. [VN] ~ sth (off / off sth) to remove information, sound, images, etc. from a computer, tape or video
• 消除,抹去(计算机、磁带或录像机上的信息等)
【SYN】 erase :
 »You must have wiped off that programme I recorded.
  你一定是把我录制的节目给抹掉了。
 »Somebody had wiped all the tapes.
  有人把所有磁带上录制的内容都抹掉了。
4. [VN] ~ sth from sth | ~ sth out to deliberately forget an experience because it was unpleasant or embarrassing
• 抹去(旧事)
【SYN】 erase :
 »I tried to wipe the whole episode from my mind.
  我设法把这整个经历从心中抹掉。
 »You can never wipe out the past.
  你永远不能把过去一笔勾销。
【IDIOMS】
◘ wipe sb / sth off the ˌface of the 'earth | ◘ wipe sth off the 'map
• to destroy or remove sb / sth completely
• 使…从地球上消失；彻底消除
◘ wipe the slate 'clean
• to agree to forget about past mistakes or arguments and start again with a relationship
• 把以往过错一笔勾销；一消前愆；捐弃前嫌
--› more at floor n.
【PHR V】
◘ ˌwipe sth∽'down
• to clean a surface completely, using a wet cloth
• (用湿布)彻底揩擦干净:
 »She took a cloth and wiped down the kitchen table.
  她拿了一块布把厨房桌面擦得干干净净。
◘ wipe sth off sth
• to remove sth from sth
• 从…除掉(或抹掉):
 »Billions of pounds were wiped off share prices today.
  今天的股票价格下挫造成数十亿英镑的损失。
◘ ˌwipe 'out (informal)
• to fall over, especially when you are doing a sport such as skiing or surfing
• (尤指做滑雪或冲浪等体育运动时)跌倒,翻跌下来
◘ ˌwipe sb∽'out (informal)
• to make sb extremely tired
• 使疲惫不堪:
 »All that travelling has wiped her out.
  一路舟车辛劳让她疲惫不堪。
--› see also wiped out
◘ ˌwipe sb / sth∽'out əoften passive]
• to destroy or remove sb / sth completely
• 彻底消灭；全部摧毁:
 »Whole villages were wiped out by the earthquake.
  地震把整座整座的村庄夷为平地。
 »Last year's profits were virtually wiped out.
  去年的利润几乎全都赔光了。
 »a campaign to wipe out malaria
  消灭疟疾的运动
--› related noun wipeout (1)
◙ noun
1. an act of cleaning sth using a cloth
• 擦；揩；拭:
 »Can you give the table a quick wipe?
  你快点把桌子擦一下行吗？
2. a special piece of thin cloth or soft paper that has been treated with a liquid and that you use to clean away dirt and bacteria
• (湿)抹布,纸巾:
 »Remember to take nappies and baby wipes.
  记住带尿布和婴儿的湿纸巾。
stain / stein /
◙ verb
1. ~ (sth) (with sth) to leave a mark that is difficult to remove on sth; to be marked in this way
• (被)玷污；留下污渍:
▪ [VN]
 »I hope it doesn't stain the carpet.
  希望它别把地毯弄脏。
▪ [V]
 »This carpet stains easily.
  这块地毯不耐脏。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
 »The juice from the berries stained their fingers red.
  浆果汁把他们的手指染成了红色。
--› note at mark
2. to change the colour of sth using a coloured liquid
• 给…染色(或着色):
▪ [VN]
 »to stain wood
  给木料上色
 »Stain the specimen before looking at it under the microscope.
  先把标本染色,再放到显微镜下观察。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
 »They stained the floors dark brown.
  他们把地板涂成了深棕色。
3. [VN] (formal) to damage the opinion that people have of sth
• 玷污,败坏(名声):
 »The events had stained the city's reputation unfairly.
  这些事件使该市背上了不应有的恶名。
◙ noun
1. [C] a dirty mark on sth, that is difficult to remove
• 污点；污渍:
 »a blood / a coffee / an ink, etc. stain
  血迹、咖啡渍、墨痕等
 »stubborn stains (= that are very difficult to remove)
  顽固的污渍
 »How can I get this stain out?
  我怎么才能把这点污渍除去？
 »The carpet has been treated so that it is stain-resistant (= it does not stain easily).
  这地毯已经过处理,不易挂污。
2. [U, C] a liquid used for changing the colour of wood or cloth
• 染色剂；着色剂
3. [sing.] a ~ on sth (formal) something that damages a person's reputation, so that people think badly of them
• (名声上的)污点
abuse
◙ noun / əˈbju:s /
1. əu, sing.] ~ (of sth) the use of sth in a way that is wrong or harmful
• 滥用；妄用
【SYN】 misuse :
 »alcohol / drug / solvent abuse
  酗酒；嗜毒；嗜吸胶毒
 »He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power.
  他因被控贪污腐化和滥用职权而遭逮捕。
 »The system of paying cash bonuses is open to abuse (= might be used in the wrong way).
  支付现金红利制度可能被人钻空子。
 »What she did was an abuse of her position as manager.
  她的所作所为是滥用经理职权。
2. [U, pl.] unfair, cruel or violent treatment of sb
• 虐待:
 »child abuse
  虐待儿童
 »sexual abuse
  性虐待
 »reported abuses by the secret police
  已举报的秘密警察虐待行为
 »She suffered years of physical abuse.
  她遭受了多年的肉体摧残。
3. [U] rude and offensive remarks, usually made when sb is very angry
• 辱骂；恶语:
 »to scream / hurl / shout abuse
  高声谩骂；破口大骂；大声辱骂
 »a stream / torrent of abuse
  不断辱骂；劈头盖脸一通臭骂
【SYN】 insults
◙ verb / əˈbju:z /
▪ əʒŋ]
1. to make bad use of sth, or to use so much of sth that it harms your health
• 滥用:
 »to abuse alcohol / drugs
  酗酒；嗜毒
 »He systematically abused his body with heroin and cocaine.
  他因吸服海洛因和可卡因一步一步地把身体搞垮了。
2. to use power or knowledge unfairly or wrongly
• 滥用,妄用(权力、所知所闻):
 »She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends.
  她滥用自己作为校长的职权,把工作安排给朋友们。
 »He felt they had abused his trust by talking about him to the press (= tricked him, although he had trusted them).
  他觉得他们向报界透露有关他的情况是辜负了他的信任。
3. to treat a person or an animal in a cruel or violent way, especially sexually
• 虐待；性虐待；伤害:
 »All the children had been physically and emotionally abused.
  所有这些儿童的身心都受到了摧残。
 »He had abused his own daughter (= had sex with her).
  他曾奸污了自己的亲生女儿。
 »The boy had been sexually abused.
  这个男孩曾遭受过性虐待。
4. to make rude or offensive remarks to or about sb
• 辱骂；恶语伤人；诋譭
【SYN】 insult :
 »The referee had been threatened and abused.
  裁判遭到了恐吓和谩骂。
♦ ab∙user noun:
 »a drug abuser
  嗜毒者
 »a child abuser
  虐待儿童者