m11u2
Ltd
◙ abbr.
• Limited (used after the name of a British company or business)
• 有限责任公司,股份有限公司(用于英国公司或商行名称之后):
»Pearce and Co. Ltd
皮尔斯有限公司
en∙gin∙eer∙ing / ˌendʒiˈniəriŋ; NAmE -ˈnir- /
◙ noun [U]
1. the activity of applying scientific knowledge to the design, building and control of machines, roads, bridges, electrical equipment, etc.
• 工程:
»The bridge is a triumph of modern engineering.
这座桥是现代工程的一大成就。
--› compare reverse engineering
2. (also ˌengineering 'science) the study of engineering as a subject
• 工程学:
»a degree in engineering
工程学学位
--› see also chemical engineering , civil engineering , electrical engineering , genetic engineering , mechanical engineering , social engineering
cov∙er∙ing / ˈkʌvəriŋ /
◙ noun
1. a layer of sth that covers sth else
• (一层)覆盖层,遮盖物:
»a thick covering of snow on the ground
地上厚厚的一层积雪
2. a layer of material such as carpet or wallpaper , used to cover, decorate and protect floors, walls, etc.
• 装饰(或保护)性覆盖物:
»floor / wall coverings
地板/墙壁覆盖物
3. a piece of material that covers sth
• 覆盖某物的一块(或一片)材料:
»He pulled the plastic covering off the dead body.
他拉掉了盖在尸体上的塑料布。
ˌcovering 'letter (BrE) (NAmE 'cover letter)
◙ noun
• a letter containing extra information that you send with sth
• 附信(与某物一起寄出)
gap / ɡæp /
◙ noun ~ (in / between sth)
1. a space between two things or in the middle of sth, especially because there is a part missing
• 开口；豁口；缺口；裂口:
»a gap in a hedge
树篱的豁口
»Leave a gap between your car and the next.
在车与车之间留条道。
2. a period of time when sth stops, or between two events
• 间断；间隔；间隙:
»a gap in the conversation
谈话的间隙
»They met again after a gap of twenty years.
他们阔别二十年后又见面了。
»There's a big age gap between them (= a big difference in their ages).
他们之间年龄差距很大。
3. a difference that separates people, or their opinions, situation, etc.
• 分歧；隔阂；差距:
»the gap between rich and poor
贫富之间的差距
»the gap between theory and practice
理论与实践的脱节
--› see also credibility gap at credibility , generation gap
4. a space where sth is missing
• 缺口；空白；漏洞:
»His death left an enormous gap in my life.
他去世给我的生活留下巨大的空白。
»There were several gaps in my education.
我受的教育有好多欠缺之处。
»We think we've identified a gap in the market (= a business opportunity to make or sell sth that is not yet available).
我们认为已经发现了市场上一个尚待填补的空白。 【IDIOMS】
--› see bridge v.
'gap year
◙ noun
• (BrE) a year that a young person spends working and / or travelling, often between leaving school and starting university
• 空缺年(常指中学毕业后上大学前所休的一年假期,用于实习或旅游):
»I'm planning to take a gap year and go backpacking in India.
我准备休假一年去印度背包旅行。
ses∙sion / ˈseʃn /
◙ noun
1. a period of time that is spent doing a particular activity
• 一场；一节；一段时间:
»a photo / recording / training, etc. session
拍照、录音、训练等时段
»The course is made up of 12 two-hour sessions.
这门课总共上 12 次,每次两小时。
--› see also jam session
2. a formal meeting or series of meetings of a court, a parliament, etc.; a period of time when such meetings are held
• (法庭的)开庭,开庭期；(议会等的)会议,会期:
»a session of the UN General Assembly
一届联合国大会
»The court is now in session.
法庭现在正在开庭。
»The committee met in closed session (= with nobody else present).
委员会举行了秘密会议。
--› see also quarter sessions
3. a school or university year
• 学年
4. an occasion when people meet to play music, especially Irish music, in a pub / bar
• (酒吧中)演奏会(尤指演奏爱尔兰音乐)
em∙ploy∙er / imˈplɔiə(r) /
◙ noun
• a person or company that pays people to work for them
• 雇用者；雇主；老板:
»They're very good employers (= they treat the people that work for them well).
他们是非常好的雇主。
»one of the largest employers in the area
这个地区最大的雇主之一
em∙ploy∙ee / imˈplɔii: /
◙ noun
• a person who is paid to work for sb
• 受雇者；雇工；雇员:
»The firm has over 500 employees.
这家公司有 500 多名雇员。
»government employees
政府雇员
»employee rights / relations
雇员权利/关系
inter∙view∙er / ˈintəvju:ə(r); NAme -tərv- /
◙ noun
• the person who asks the questions in an interview
• 主持面试者；采访者
re∙fresh / riˈfreʃ /
◙ verb
1. [VN] to make sb feel less tired or less hot
• 使恢复精力；使凉爽:
»The long sleep had refreshed her.
一场酣睡使她重又精力充沛。
»He refreshed himself with a cool shower.
他冲了个凉水澡凉快凉快。
2. [VN] (informal, especially NAmE) to fill sb's glass or cup again
• 重新斟满:
»Let me refresh your glass.
我给你再斟一杯吧。
3. [VN] ~ your / sb's memory to remind yourself / sb of sth, especially with the help of sth that can be seen or heard
• 提醒；提示；使想起
【SYN】 jog :
»He had to refresh his memory by looking at his notes.
他不得不靠看笔记来提醒自己。
4. (computing 计) to get the most recent information, for example on an Internet page, by clicking on a button on the screen
• 刷新；更新；重新整理:
▪ [VN]
»Click here to refresh this document.
点击此处以刷新文件。
▪ [V]
»The page refreshes automatically.
页面会自动更新。
yawn / jɔ:n /
◙ verb [V]
1. to open your mouth wide and breathe in deeply through it, usually because you are tired or bored
• 打哈欠:
»He stood up, stretched and yawned.
他站起身来,伸了个懒腰,打了个哈欠。
2. (of a large hole or an empty space 大的洞穴或空间) to be very wide and often frightening and difficult to get across
• 非常宽；难以逾越
【SYN】 gape :
»A crevasse yawned at their feet.
他们的脚下是一条张开大口的裂缝。
»(figurative) There's a yawning gap between rich and poor.
贫富之间有一条鸿沟。
◙ noun
1. an act of yawning
• 哈欠:
»She stifled another yawn and tried hard to look interested.
她又忍住了哈欠,竭力显出感兴趣的样子。
2. [usually sing.] (informal) a boring event, idea, etc.
• 乏味的事情；令人厌烦的观点(等):
»The meeting was six big yawn from start to finish.
这个会议自始至终都无聊透顶。
razor / ˈreizə(r) /
◙ noun
• an instrument that is used for shaving
• 剃须刀；刮脸刀:
»an electric razor
电动剃须刀
»a cut-throat / safety / disposable razor
开式/保险/一次性剃刀
--› compare shaver 【IDIOMS】
◘ be on the 'razor's edge | ◘ be on a 'razor edge
• to be in a difficult situation where any mistake may be very dangerous
• 处于非常危险的困境；境况岌岌可危
shaver / ˈʃeivə(r) / (also eˌlectric 'razor)
◙ noun
• an electric tool for shaving
• 电动剃须刀
--› compare razor
shave / ʃeiv /
◙ verb
1. to cut hair from the skin, especially the face, using a razor
• 剃(须发)；(尤指)刮脸:
▪ [V]
»Mike cut himself shaving.
迈克刮胡子时把脸划破了。
▪ [VN]
»The nurse washed and shaved him.
护士给他洗了脸,刮了胡子。
»a shaved head
剃光的头
--› see also shaven
2. [VN] to cut a small amount off a price, etc.
• (少量地)削减,调低,降价:
»The firm had shaved profit margins.
公司调低了利润率。 【PHR V】
◘ ˌshave sth∽ˌoff ◘ | ˌshave sth 'off sth
1. to remove a beard or moustache by shaving
• 剃掉,刮去(胡须):
»Charles decided to shave off his beard.
查尔斯决定刮掉胡子。
2. to cut very thin pieces from the surface of wood, etc.
• 削掉；刨去；切掉:
»I had to shave a few millimetres off the door to make it shut.
我把门刨去了几毫米才能关上。
3. to reduce a number by a very small amount
• (微量地)减少,缩小:
»He shaved a tenth of a second off the world record.
他把世界纪录缩短了十分之一秒。
◙ noun
• an act of shaving
• 修面；刮脸；剃须:
»I need a shave.
我需要刮胡子了。
»to have a shave
刮脸 【IDIOMS】
--› see close ² adj.
hair∙cut / ˈheəkʌt; NAme ˈherkʌt /
◙ noun
1. the act of sb cutting your hair
• 理发:
»You need a haircut.
你该理发了。
»I see you've had a haircut.
我看得出你理发了。
2. the style in which sb's hair is cut
• 发型；发式:
»What do you think of my new haircut?
你觉得我的新发型怎么样？
»a trendy haircut
流行发式
con∙ser∙va∙tive / kənˈsə:vətiv; NAmE -ˈsə:rv- /
◙ adj.
1. opposed to great or sudden social change; showing that you prefer traditional styles and values
• 保守的；守旧的:
»the conservative views of his parents
他父母的保守观念
»Her style of dress was never conservative.
她的服装式样一点儿也不保守。
2. (usually Conservative) connected with the British Conservative Party
• (英国)保守党的:
»Conservative members / supporters
保守党的党员/支持者
3. (of an estimate 估计) lower than what is probably the real amount or number
• 低于实际数量的；保守的:
»At a conservative estimate, he'll be earning £50 000.
按照保守的估计,他会赚到 5 万英镑。
♦ con∙ser∙va∙tive∙ly adv.
◙ noun
1. (usually Conservative) (abbr. Con) a member or supporter of the British Conservative Party
• (英国)保守党党员,保守党支持者
2. a conservative person
• 保守者；因循守旧者
al∙low∙ance / əˈlauəns /
◙ noun
1. an amount of money that is given to sb regularly or for a particular purpose
• 津贴；补贴；补助:
»an allowance of $20 a day
每天 20 元补贴
»a clothing / living / travel allowance
服装/生活/交通补贴
»Do you get an allowance for clothing?
你有服装补贴吗？
--› see also attendance allowance
2. the amount of sth that is allowed in a particular situation
• 限额；定量:
»a baggage allowance of 20 kilos
行李限重 20 公斤
3. (BrE) an amount of money that can be earned or received before you start paying tax
• 免税额:
»personal tax allowances
个人所得免税额
4. (especially NAmE) = pocket money 【IDIOMS】
◘ make allowance(s) for sth
• to consider sth, for example when you are making a decision or planning sth
• 考虑到,估计到(如在制订决策或计划时):
»The budget made allowance for inflation.
预算考虑到了通货膨胀。
»The plan makes no allowance for people working at different rates.
这个计划没有把人们工作速度不同考虑在内。
◘ make allowances (for sb)
• to allow sb to behave in a way that you would not usually accept, because of a problem or because there is a special reason
• 体谅；谅解
round∙about / ˈraundəbaut /
◙ noun (BrE)
1. (NAmE 'traffic circle,ro∙tary) a place where ten or more roads meet, forming a circle that all traffic must go around in the same direction
• (交通)环岛:
»At the roundabout, take the second exit.
到环岛后,走第二个出口。
--› see also mini-roundabout
2. (NAmE 'merry-go-round) a round platform for children to play on in a park, etc. that is pushed round while the children are sitting on it
• (游乐设施)旋转平台
3. (BrE) = merry-go-round (1)【IDIOMS】
--› see swing n.
◙ adj. [usually before noun]
• not done or said using the shortest, simplest or most direct way possible
• 迂回的；间接的；兜圈子的:
»It was a difficult and roundabout trip.
这是一次艰难而曲折的旅行。
»He told us, in a very roundabout way, that he was thinking of leaving.
他拐弯抹角地对我们说他想走了。
park∙ing / ˈpɑ:kiŋ; NAme ˈpɑ:rk- /
◙ noun [U]
1. the act of stopping a vehicle at a place and leaving it there for a period of time
• 停车；泊车:
»There is no parking here between 9 a.m. and 6 p.m.
上午 9 时至下午 6 时此处禁止停车。
»I managed to find a parking space.
我终于找到了一个停车位。
»a parking fine (= for parking illegally)
违章停车罚款
2. a space or an area for leaving vehicles
• 停车场；停车位:
»The hotel is centrally situated with ample free parking.
饭店坐落在市中心,有充裕的免费停车位。
wag / wæɡ /
◙ verb (-gg-)
1. [V VN] if a dog wags its tail, or its tail wags, its tail moves from side to side several times
• (狗)摇,摆动(尾巴)；(狗尾巴)摇,摆动
2. [VN] to shake your finger or your head from side to side or up and down, often as a sign of disapproval
• 摆动,摇(头或手指,常表示不赞成)
3. [VN] (AustralE, NZE) to stay away from school without permission
• 逃学:
»to wag school
逃学 【IDIOMS】
--› see tail n., tongue n.
◙ noun
1. (old-fashioned, especially BrE) a person who enjoys making jokes
• 老开玩笑的人；爱闹着玩的人
【SYN】 joker
2. a wagging movement
• 摇摆；摆动
punc∙tu∙ation / ˌpʌŋktʃuˈeiʃn /
◙ noun [U]
• the marks used in writing that divide sentences and phrases; the system of using these marks
• 标点符号；标点符号用法
man∙age∙ment / ˈmænidʒmənt /
◙ noun
1. [U] the act of running and controlling a business or similar organization
• 经营；管理:
»a career in management
管理方面的职业
»hotel / project management
酒店/项目管理
»a management training course
管理培训课程
»The report blames bad management.
报告归
于管理不善。
2. [C + sing. / pl. v., U] the people who run and control a business or similar organization
• 经营者；管理部门；资方:
»The management is / are considering closing the factory.
经营者在考虑关闭这家工厂。
»The shop is now under new management.
这家商店现由新的经营者管理。
»junior / middle / senior management
初级/中级/高级管理人员
»a management decision / job
资方的决定/工作
»My role is to act as a mediator between employees and management.
我的角色就是协调雇员与管理者之间的关系。
»Most managements are keen to avoid strikes.
大多数经营者都很希望避免罢工的发生。
3. [U] the act or skill of dealing with people or situations in a successful way
• (成功的)处理手段；(有效的)处理能力:
»classroom management
课堂组织能力
»time management (= the way in which you organize how you spend your time)
时间安排
»management of staff
管理员工的能力
»Diet plays an important role in the management of heart disease.
饮食对于心脏病的治疗有重要作用。
train∙ee / ˌtreiˈni: /
◙ noun
• a person who is being taught how to do a particular job
• 接受培训者；实习生；见习生:
»a management trainee
管理实习生
»a trainee teacher
实习教师
smart / smɑ:t; NAme smɑ:rt /
◙ adj. (smart∙er, smart∙est)
›› CLEAN / NEAT 整洁
1. (especially BrE) (of people 人) looking clean and neat; well dressed in fashionable and / or formal clothes
• 衣冠楚楚的；衣着讲究的:
»You look very smart in that suit.
你穿上这套衣服显得很精神。
2. (especially BrE) (of clothes, etc. 衣服等) clean, neat and looking new and attractive
• 整洁而漂亮的；光鲜的:
»They were wearing their smartest clothes.
他们都穿了最讲究的衣服。
›› INTELLIGENT 聪明
3. (especially NAmE) intelligent
• 聪明的；机敏的；精明的:
»She's smarter than her brother.
她比她哥哥聪明。
»That was a smart career move.
那是个人事业发展上的一着妙棋。
»OK, I admit it was not the smartest thing I ever did (= it was a stupid thing to do).
好吧,我承认那件事我办得很不漂亮。
--› note at intelligent
›› FASHIONABLE 时髦
4. (especially BrE) connected with fashionable rich people
• 时髦人物的；高档的:
»smart restaurants
高档餐馆
»She mixes with the smart set.
她跟那帮时髦人物交往。
›› QUICK 快速
5. (of a movement, etc. 动作等) quick and usually done with force
• 快速的；敏捷的；迅速而有力的
【SYN】 brisk :
»He was struck with a smart crack on the head.
他头上突然被猛击了一下。
»We set off at a smart pace.
我们快步出发了。
›› COMPUTER-CONTROLLED 计算机控制
6. (of a device, especially of a weapon / bomb 尤指武器、炸弹等装置) controlled by a computer, so that it appears to act in an intelligent way
• 智能的:
»smart bombs
精灵炸弹
»This smart washing machine will dispense an optimal amount of water for the load.
这台智能洗衣机会根据衣物多少适当安排进水量。
♦ smart∙ly adv.
»(especially BrE) smartly dressed
衣着光鲜
»He ran off pretty smartly (= quickly and suddenly).
他一下子跑掉了。
♦ smart∙ness noun [U]
◙ verb [V]
1. ~ (from sth) to feel a sharp stinging pain in a part of your body
• 感到剧烈刺痛:
»His eyes were smarting from the smoke.
他给烟熏得两眼生疼。
2. ~ (from / over sth) to feel upset about a criticism, failure, etc.
• (因批评、失败等)难过,烦恼:
»They are still smarting from the 4–0 defeat last week.
他们仍为上星期 0:4 惨败而难过。
--› see also smarts
gar∙age / ˈɡærɑ:ʒ; -rɑ:dʒ; -ridʒ; NAmE ɡəˈrɑ:ʒ; -ˈrɑ:dʒ /
◙ noun
1. [C] a building for keeping one or more cars or other vehicles in
• 停车房；车库:
»(BrE) a house with a built-in garage
内设车库的房子
»(NAmE) a house with an attached garage
旁设车库的房子
»a double garage (= one for two cars)
停放两辆车的车房
»a bus garage
公共汽车车库
»an underground garage (= for example under an office building)
地下停车库
2. [C] a place where vehicles are repaired and where you can buy a car or buy petrol / gas and oil
• (兼营汽车销售、修理及加油的)汽车修理厂:
»a garage mechanic
汽车修理厂的机修工
--› see also petrol station
3. [U] a type of house music
• 车库音乐,加拉奇音乐(货仓音乐的一种)
◙ verb [VN]
• to put or keep a vehicle in a garage
• 把…送入车库(或修车厂)
re∙laxed / riˈlækst /
◙ adj.
1. ~ (about sth) (of a person 人) calm and not anxious or worried
• 放松的；冷静的；镇定的:
»He appeared relaxed and confident before the match.
比赛前,他显得镇定而自信。
»She had a very relaxed manner.
她的举止特别自然。
2. (of a place 地方) calm and informal
• 安静的；自在的:
»a family-run hotel with a relaxed atmosphere
家庭经营的旅店,气氛自由随便
3. ~ (about sth) not caring too much about discipline or making people follow rules
• 不加以拘束的
【SYN】 laid-back :
»I take a fairly relaxed attitude towards what the kids wear to school.
孩子穿什么上学,我觉得无所谓。
'team player
◙ noun
• a person who is good at working as a member of a team, usually in their job
• 善于与团队合作的成员
re∙sponse / riˈspɔns; NAme riˈspɑ:ns /
◙ noun ~ (to sb / sth)
1. [C, U] a spoken or written answer
• (口头的或书面的)回答,答覆:
»She made no response.
她没作任何回答。
»In response to your inquiry...
作为对你提出的查询的答覆…
»I received an encouraging response to my advertisement.
我的广告宣传有了令人鼓舞的回应。
2. [C, U] a reaction to sth that has happened or been said
• 反应；响应:
»The news provoked an angry response.
这条消息引起了人们的愤怒。
»a positive response
积极的反应
»I knocked on the door but there was no response.
我敲了门,可是没有回应。
»The product was developed in response to customer demand.
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
»We sent out over 1 000 letters but the response rate has been low (= few people replied).
我们寄出了 1 000 多封信,但回信寥寥。
3. [C, usually pl.] a part of a church service that the people sing or speak as an answer to the part that the priest sings or speaks
• (礼拜仪式中的)答唱咏,启应经
dip∙loma / diˈpləumə; NAmE -ˈplou- /
◙ noun
1. (BrE) a course of study at a college or university
• 文凭课程:
»a two-year diploma course
二年制的文凭课程
»She is taking a diploma in management studies.
她在攻读管理学文凭课程。
2. a document showing that you have completed a course of study or part of your education
• 毕业文凭:
»a High School diploma
高中毕业文凭
video∙phone / ˈvidiəufəun; NAme -oufoun /
◙ noun
• a type of telephone with a screen that enables you to see the person you are talking to
• 可视电话；电视电话；视像电话
div∙ision / diˈviʒn /
◙ noun
›› INTO SEPARATE PARTS 分成若干部份
1. [U, sing.] ~ (of sth between A and B) | ~ (of sth) (into sth) the process or result of dividing into separate parts; the process or result of dividing sth or sharing it out
• 分开；分隔；分配；(分出来的)部份:
»cell division
细胞分裂
»the division of labour between the sexes
男女分工
»a fair division of time and resources
时间和资源的合理分配
»the division of the population into age groups
把人口分成不同的年龄组
›› MATHEMATICS 数学
2. [U] the process of dividing one number by another
• 除(法):
»the division sign (÷)
除号
--› compare multiplication
--› see also long division
›› DISAGREEMENT / DIFFERENCE 不一致；差异
3. [C, U] ~ (in / within sth) | ~ (between A and B) a disagreement or difference in opinion, way of life, etc., especially between members of a society or an organization
• 分歧；不和；差异:
»There are deep divisions in the party over the war.
党内对于这场战争存在着严重的分歧。
»the work of healing the divisions within society
弥合社会内部分歧的工作
»divisions between rich and poor
贫富差异
»social / class divisions
社会分化；阶级对立
›› PART OF ORGANIZATION 部门
4. [C + sing. / pl. v.] (abbr. Div.) a large and important unit or section of an organization
• (机构的)部门:
»the company's sales division
公司销售部
›› IN SPORT 体育运动
5. [C + sing. / pl. v.] (abbr. Div.) (in Britain) one of the group of teams that a sport competition is divided into, especially in football ( soccer )
• (英国体育运动,尤指足球比赛的)级:
»the first division / division one
甲级
»a first-division team
甲级队
›› PART OF ARMY 军队编制
6. [C + sing. / pl. v.] (abbr. Div.) a unit of an army, consisting of several brigades or regiments
• 师:
»the Guards Armoured Division
禁衞装甲师
›› BORDER 边界
7. [C] a line that divides sth
• 分界线:
»A hedge forms the division between their land and ours.
他们的土地与我们的土地之间以一道树篱隔开。
›› IN PARLIAMENT 议会
8. [C] (technical 术语) the separation of members of the British parliament into groups to vote for or against sth
• (英国议会的)分组表决:
»The Bill was read without a division.
议案未经分组表决就宣读通过了。
flu∙ency / ˈflu:ənsi /
◙ noun [U, sing.]
1. the quality of being able to speak or write a language, especially a foreign language, easily and well
• (尤指外语)流利,流畅:
»Fluency in French is required for this job.
这个工作要求法语熟练自如。
2. the quality of doing sth in a smooth and skilful way
• 熟练自如；流畅:
»The team lacked fluency during the first half.
该队在上半场打得不够流畅。
CV / ˌsi: ˈvi: / (BrE) (NAmE résumé)
◙ noun
• a written record of your education and the jobs you have done, that you send when you are applying for a job (abbreviation for 'curriculum vitae').
• 履历,简历(全写为 curriculum vitae):
»Send a full CV with your job application.
随求职申请书寄上详尽的个人履历。
lad∙der / ˈlædə(r) /
◙ noun
1. a piece of equipment for climbing up and down a wall, the side of a building, etc., consisting of ten lengths of wood or metal that are joined together by steps or rungs
• 梯子:
»to climb up / fall off a ladder
爬上/跌下梯子
--› see also stepladder
2. [usually sing.] a series of stages by which you can make progress in a career or an organization
• (事业上或机构中晋升的)阶梯,途径:
»to move up or down the social ladder
爬上/跌下社会阶梯
»the career ladder
事业上的阶梯
3. (BrE) (NAmE run) a long thin hole in tights or stockings where some threads have broken
• (紧身裤袜或长筒袜的)滑丝,抽丝
4. (also 'ladder tournament) a competition in a particular sport or game in which teams or players are arranged in a list and they can move up the list by defeating six of the teams or players above
• 开级比赛；开级游戏(将参赛者排名,胜者名次前提)
◙ verb [V VN]
• (BrE) if tights or stockings ladder or you ladder them, a long thin hole appears in them
• (紧身裤袜或长筒袜)出现滑丝,抽丝
the Ant∙arc∙tic / ænˈtɑ:ktik; NAmE -ˈtɑ:rk- /
◙ noun [sing.]
• the regions of the world around the South Pole
• 南极地区
♦ Ant∙arc∙tic adj. [only before noun] :
»Antarctic explorers
南极探险家
--› compare Arctic
fund / fʌnd /
◙ noun
1. [C] an amount of money that has been saved or has been made available for a particular purpose
• 基金；专款:
»a disaster relief fund
赈灾专款
»the company's pension fund
公司的养恤基金
»the International Monetary Fund
国际货币基金组织
2. funds [pl.] money that is available to be spent
• 资金；现款:
»government funds
政府资金
»The hospital is trying to raise funds for a new kidney machine.
这家医院正设法募集资金购买一台新的血液透析器。
»The project has been cancelled because of lack of funds.
这个项目因缺乏资金已经撤销。
»I'm short of funds at the moment—can I pay you back next week?
我目前缺钱,下周还你行吗？
3. [sing.] ~ of sth an amount or a supply of sth
• (相当)数量；储备:
»a fund of knowledge
丰富的知识
◙ verb [VN]
• to provide money for sth, usually sth official
• 提供资金；拨款:
»a dance festival funded by the Arts Council
由艺术委员会资助的舞蹈节
»The museum is privately funded.
这家博物馆由私人提供资金。
»a government-funded programme
政府资助项目
bra∙zil / brəˈzil / (also bra'zil nut)
◙ noun
• the curved nut of a large S American tree. It has a hard shell with three sides.
• 巴西坚果
Amazon / ˈæməzən; NAmE also -zɑ:n /
◙ noun
1. (in ancient Greek stories) a woman from a group of female warriors (= soldiers)
• (古希腊神话中的)亚马孙族女战士
2. amazon (literary) a tall strong woman
• 高大强悍的女人
cook∙er / ˈkukə(r) / (BrE) (NAmE range) (also stove NAmE, BrE)
◙ noun
• a large piece of equipment for cooking food, containing an oven and gas or electric rings on top
• (带烤箱、燃气炉或电炉的)厨灶,炉具:
»a gas cooker
燃气厨灶
»an electric cooker
电灶
--› see also pressure cooker
switch / switʃ /
◙ noun
1. a small device that you press or move up and down in order to turn a light or piece of electrical equipment on and off
• (电路的)开关,闸,转换器:
»a light switch
电灯开关
»an on-off switch
通断开关
»That was in the days before electricity was available at the flick of a switch.
那是在过去,还没有到开关一响就有电的时代。
»Which switch do I press to turn it off?
我按哪个开关就能把它关了？
»to throw a switch (= to move a large switch)
扳动开关
2. ~ (in / of sth) | ~ (from A to B) a change from six thing to another, especially when this is sudden and complete
• (尤指突然彻底的)改变,转变:
»a switch of priorities
轻重缓急的改变
»She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born.
第一个孩子出生后她就从全职工作改为兼职工作。
»a policy switch
政策的转变
3. (NAmE) the points on a railway / railroad line
• (铁路的)转辙器,道岔
4. a thin stick that bends easily
• (细软)枝条；鞭子:
»a riding switch
马鞭
◙ verb
1. ~ (sth) (over) (from sth) (to sth) | ~ (between A and B) to change or make sth change from six thing to another
• (使)改变,转变,突变:
▪ [V]
»We're in the process of switching over to a new system of invoicing.
我们正在转用新的发票制度。
»Press these ten keys to switch between documents on screen.
按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文件之间进行切换。
▪ [VN]
»When did you switch jobs?
你们什么时候调动工作的？
2. [VN] ~ sth (with sth) | ~ sth (over / around / round) to exchange six thing for another
• 交换；掉换；转换；对调
【SYN】 swap :
»The dates of the last ten exams have been switched.
最后两门考试的日期掉换了。
»I see you've switched the furniture around (= changed its position).
我看出来你把家具重摆了。
»Do you think she'll notice if I switch my glass with hers?
要是把我的杯子跟她的换了,你认为她看得出来吗？
3. ~ (sth) (with sb) | ~ (sth) (over / around / round) to do sb else's job for a short time or work during different hours so that they can do your job or work during your usual hours
• 调班；临时掉换工作时间
【SYN】 swap :
▪ [V]
»I can't work next weekend—will you switch with me?
下个周末我不能上班——咱俩调个班好不好？
▪ [VN]
»Have you been able to switch your shift with anyone?
你找着能跟你调班的人了吗？ 【PHR V】
◘ ˌswitch 'off (informal)
• to stop thinking about sth or paying attention to sth
• 不再想着；不再注意；失去兴趣:
»When I hear the word 'football' I switch off (= because I am not interested in it).
我听见"足球"两个字就腻味。
»The only time he really switches off (= stops thinking about work, etc.) is when we're on vacation.
只有在我们外出度假的时候,他才真正无牵无挂。
◘ ˌswitch 'off / 'on ◘ | ˌswitch sth∽'off / 'on
• to turn a light, machine, etc. off / on by pressing a button or switch
• 关/开(电灯、机器等):
»Please switch the lights off as you leave.
你离开的时候请把灯关了。
»How do you switch this thing on?
这东西怎么开？
◘ ˌswitch 'over ◘ | ˌswitch sth∽'over (BrE)
• to change stations on a radio or television
• 换台；换频道
nail / neil /
◙ noun
1. a thin hard layer covering the outer tip of the fingers or toes
• 指甲；趾甲:
»Stop biting your nails!
别咬指甲！
»nail clippers
指甲钳
--› see also fingernail , toenail
2. a small thin pointed piece of metal with a flat head, used for hanging things on a wall or for joining pieces of wood together
• 钉；钉子:
»She hammered the nail in.
她把钉子敲了进去。
--› compare screw n. (1), tack n. (3)【IDIOMS】
◘ a nail in sb's / sth's 'coffin
• something that makes the end or failure of an organization, sb's plans, etc. more likely to happen
• 导致失败的事物；导致某事终结之物
◘ on the 'nail
(BrE, informal) (of payment 付款)
• without delay
• 立刻；马上；毫不拖延:
»They're good customers who always pay on the nail.
他们是好主顾,付账从不耽搁。
--› more at fight v., hard adj., hit v., tough adj.
◙ verb [VN]
1. to fasten sth to sth with a nail or nails
• (用钉子)钉牢,固定:
»I nailed the sign to a tree.
我将标示牌钉到了一棵树上。
2. (informal) to catch sb and prove they are guilty of a crime or of doing sth bad
• 抓获并证明有罪；抓住:
»The police haven't been able to nail the killer.
警方还没有抓到杀人凶手。
3. (informal) to prove that sth is not true
• 证明…不属实；揭露；揭发:
»We must nail this lie.
我们一定要戳穿这个谎言。
4. (NAmE, informal) to achieve sth or do sth right, especially in sport
• (尤指体育运动中)获得,赢得,击中:
»He nailed a victory in the semi-finals.
他在半决赛中获胜。
◘ nail your colours to the 'mast
(especially BrE)
• to say publicly and firmly what you believe or who you support
• 公开宣称；公开表态【PHR V】
◘ ˌnail sth∽'down
1. to fasten sth down with a nail or nails
• (用钉子)将…钉牢,将…固定
2. to reach an agreement or a decision, usually after a lot of discussion
• 达成一致；作出决定:
»All the parties seem anxious to nail down a ceasefire.
各方面似乎都渴望将停火之事敲定。
◘ ˌnail sb∽'down (to sth)
• to force sb to give you a definite promise or tell you exactly what they intend to do
• 迫使明确保证(或准确说出想做之事)
【SYN】 pin down :
»She says she'll come, but I can't nail her down to a specific time.
她说要来,但我无法让她敲定具体什么时候来。
◘ ˌnail sth∽'up
1. to fasten sth to a wall, post, etc. with a nail or nails
• 用钉子将…固定到(墙上、柱子上等)
2. to put nails into a door or window so that it cannot be opened
• 用钉子封住,封死(门或窗)