m1u3
slim / slim /
◙ adj. (slim∙mer, slim∙mest)
1. (approving) (of a person 人) thin, in a way that is attractive
• 苗条的；纤细的:
»a slim figure / body / waist
苗条的体形/身材；纤细的腰肢
»She was tall and slim.
她是个瘦高个儿。
»How do you manage to stay so slim?
你是怎样把身材保持得这么苗条的？
»(figurative) Many companies are a lot slimmer than they used to be (= have fewer workers).
许多公司的员工比过去少多了。
2. thinner than usual
• 单薄的:
»a slim volume of poetry
一本薄薄的诗集
3. not as big as you would like or expect
• 微薄的；不足的；少的；小的
【SYN】 small :
»a slim chance of success
成功的可能性不大
»The party was returned to power with a slim majority.
该党以微弱多数重新上台。
--› see also slimmer , slimming
♦ slim∙ness noun [U]
◙ verb
(-mm-) [V]
• (BrE) (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时) to try to become thinner, for example by eating less
• (靠节食等)变苗条,减肥
【SYN】 diet :
»You can still eat breakfast when you are slimming.
你减肥也可以吃早饭嘛！ 【PHR V】
◘ ˌslim 'down
• to become thinner, for example as a result of eating less
• (靠节食等)变苗条,减肥
◘ ˌslim 'down ◘ | ˌslim sth∽'down
• to make a company or an organization smaller, by reducing the number of jobs in it; to be made smaller in this way
• 精简(机构)；裁减(人员)；减少(岗位):
»They're restructuring and slimming down the workforce.
他们正对职工加以重组和裁减。
»The industry may have to slim down even further.
这个行业可能还得进一步压缩。
»the new, slimmed-down company
精简人员后的新公司
--› see also slimming
◙ noun [U]
• an African word for AIDS
• (非洲)艾滋病
fig∙ure / ˈfiɡə(r); NAmE ˈfiɡjər /
◙ noun
›› NUMBERS 数
1. [C, pl.] a number representing a particular amount, especially six given in official information
• (代表数量,尤指官方资料中的)数字:
»the latest trade / sales / unemployment, etc. figures
最新的贸易、销售、失业等数字
»By 2004, this figure had risen to 14 million.
到 2004 年为止,这个数字已增长到 1 400 万。
»Experts put the real figure at closer to 75%.
专家们估计真实的数字较接近于 75%。
2. [C] a symbol rather than a word representing six of the numbers between 0 and 9
• 数字符号；字码；位数:
»Write the figure '7' on the board.
把数码 7 写在黑板上。
»a six-figure salary (= over 100 000 pounds or dollars)
六位数的薪水(即超过 10 万英镑或元)
»His salary is now in one figures.
他的薪水现在是六位数。
--› see also double figures , single figures
3. fig∙ures [pl.] (informal) the area of mathematics that deals with adding, multiplying, etc. numbers
• 算术
【SYN】 arithmetic :
»Are you any good at figures?
你的算术好吗？
»I'm afraid I don't have a head for figures (= I am not good at adding, etc.).
我怕自己没有算术头脑。
›› PERSON 人
4. [C] a person of the type mentioned
• 人物；人士:
»a leading figure in the music industry
音乐界一位主要人物
»a political figure
政治人物
»a figure of authority
当权者
--› see also father figure , mother figure
5. [C] the shape of a person seen from a distance or not clearly
• (远处人的)轮廓；(隐约可见的)人影:
»a tall figure in black
一个黑衣高个子人影
›› SHAPE OF BODY 体形
6. [C] the shape of the human body, especially a woman's body that is attractive
• 身材；体形；(尤指)身段:
»She's always had a good figure.
前一向,她体态秀美。
»I'm watching my figure (= trying not to get fat).
我一直注意保持身材。
›› IN PAINTING / STORY 绘画；故事
7. [C] a person or an animal in a drawing, painting, etc., or in a story
• (绘画或故事中的)人,动物:
»The central figure in the painting is the artist's daughter.
画中间那个人是画家的女儿。
›› STATUE 造像
8. [C] a statue of a person or an animal
• (人、动物的)雕像,塑像:
»a bronze figure of a horse
一座马的铜像
›› PICTURE / DIAGRAM 图表
9. [C] (abbr. fig.) a picture, diagram, etc. in a book, that is referred to by a number
• (书中的)图,表:
»The results are illustrated in figure 3 opposite.
结果已在对页图表 3 中显示。
›› GEOMETRY 几何
10. [C] a particular shape formed by lines or surfaces
• 图形:
»a five-sided figure
五边形
»a solid figure
立体图形
›› MOVEMENT ON ICE 冰上动作
11. [C] a pattern or series of movements performed on ice
• (冰上表演动作的)花样【IDIOMS】
◘ be / become a figure of 'fun
• to be / become sb that other people laugh at
• 是嘲笑的对象；成为笑柄
◘ cut a... 'figure
(of a person 人)
• to have a particular appearance
• 显出…的样子；显得:
»He cut a striking figure in his white dinner jacket.
他穿着白色晚礼服显得十分出众。
◘ put a figure on sth
• to say the exact price or number of sth
• 定价；说出…的准确数字
--› more at fact
◙ verb
›› BE IMPORTANT 重要
1. [V] ~ (as sth) (in / among sth) to be part of a process, situation, etc. especially an important part
• 是重要部份；是…的部份
【SYN】 feature :
»The question of the peace settlement is likely to figure prominently in the talks.
和平解决的问题很可能是这次谈判的突出重点。
»My feelings about the matter didn't seem to figure at all.
我对这个问题的意见似乎根本无足轻重。
»It did not figure high on her list of priorities.
这没有列入她最优先考虑办理的事项。
»Do I still figure in your plans?
在你的计划中还包括我吗？
›› THINK / DECIDE 认为；认定
2. (informal) to think or decide that sth will happen or is true
• 认为,认定(某事将发生或属实):
▪ [V (that)]
»I figured (that) if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning.
我认为,如果我坐夜班火车,早上就可以到苏格兰。
»We figured the sensible thing to do was to wait.
我们判定,明智的做法是等待。
▪ [VN]
»That's what I figured.
这就是我的看法。
▪ [also V wh-]
›› CALCULATE 计算
3. [VN] (NAmE) to calculate an amount or the cost of sth
• 计算(数量或成本):
»We figured the attendance at 150 000.
我们估计有 15 万人参加。
◘ go 'figure
• (NAmE, informal) used to say that you do not understand the reason for sth, or that you do not want to give an explanation for sth because you think it is obvious
• 搞不懂；明摆着不用解释:
»People are more aware of the risks of smoking nowadays, but more young women are smoking than ever. Go figure!
现在人们更加了解吸烟的危害,但吸烟的年轻女性倒比以往多了。真让人搞不懂！
◘ it / that figures
• used to say that sth was expected or seems logical
• (表示应该或似乎合乎逻辑)有道理,合乎情理:
»'John called in sick.' 'That figures, he wasn't feeling well yesterday.'
"约翰打电话来说他病了。" "这合乎情理,他昨天就感到不舒服。"
»(disapproving) 'She was late again.' 'Yes, that figures.'
"她又迟到了。" "是呀,她总是这样。" 【PHR V】
◘ 'figure on sth ◘ | 'figure on (sb / sth) doing sth
• to plan sth or to do sth; to expect sth (to happen)
• 计划；打算；预料到
【SYN】 plan on :
»I hadn't figured on getting home so late.
我没有估计到这么晚才回到家。
◘ ˌfigure sb / sth∽'out
1. to think about sb / sth until you understand them / it
• 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
【SYN】 work out :
»We couldn't figure her out.
我们摸不透她。
▪ [+ wh- ]
»I can't figure out how to do this.
我弄不懂怎样做这件事。
2. to calculate an amount or the cost of sth
• 计算(数量或成本)
【SYN】 work out
▪ [+ wh- ]
»Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?
旅行要花多少费用你算出来没有？
ashamed / əˈʃeimd /
◙ adj. [not before noun]
1. ~ (of sth / sb / yourself) | ~ (that...) | ~ (to be sth) feeling shame or embarrassment about sb / sth or because of sth you have done
• 惭愧；羞愧；尴尬:
»She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.
她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞愧。
»His daughter looked such a mess that he was ashamed of her.
他为女儿的邋遢样子感到害臊。
»You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.
你扯这种谎应该感到羞耻。
»I feel almost ashamed that I've been so lucky.
真有点不好意思,我太幸运了。
»The football riots made me ashamed to be English.
足球骚乱事件使我身为英国人汗颜得无地自容。
»Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of.
精神病并不可羞愧。
2. ~ to do sth unwilling to do sth because of shame or embarrassment
• 因惭愧而不情愿；因尴尬而勉强:
»I'm ashamed to say that I lied to her.
我真不好意思说我向她撒了谎。
»I cried at the end and I'm not ashamed to admit it.
最后我哭了,我并不耻于承认哭过。
pill / pil /
◙ noun
1. [C] a small flat round piece of medicine that you swallow without chewing it
• 药丸；药片:
»a vitamin pill
维生素片
--› see also pep pill , sleeping pill
2. the pill or
• the Pill [sing.]
• a pill that some women take to prevent them becoming pregnant
• 口服避孕药:
»the contraceptive pill
避孕药丸
»to be / go on the pill
在服用避孕药
--› see also morning-after pill
3. [C] (NAmE) an annoying person
• 讨厌的人；讨厌鬼【IDIOMS】
◘ sugar / sweeten the pill
• to do sth that makes an unpleasant situation seem less unpleasant
• 药里加糖；缓和情况；缓解苦感
【SYN】 sugar-coat
--› more at bitter adj.
◙ verb [V]
• (of a piece of clothing, especially six made of wool 尤指毛织衣物) to become covered in very small balls of fibre
• 起球；结绒
kilo∙gram (BrE also kilo∙gramme) / ˈkiləɡræm / (also kilo)
◙ noun (abbr. kg)
• a unit for measuring weight; 1 000 grams
• 千克；公斤:
»2 kilograms of rice
* 2 公斤大米
»Flour is sold by the kilogram.
麪粉按公斤出售。
work / wə:k; NAme wə:rk /
◙ verb
›› DO JOB / TASK 做工；执行任务
1. ~ (at / on sth) to do sth that involves physical or mental effort, especially as part of a job
• 做体力(或脑力)工作；劳动；干活:
▪ [V]
»I can't work if I'm cold.
我要是觉得冷就干不了活。
»I've been working at my assignment all day.
我整天都在做作业。
»He is working on a new novel.
他正在写一部新小说。
»She's outside, working on the car.
她在外面修理汽车。
▪ [VN]
»Doctors often work very long hours.
医生经常长时间工作。
2. [V] ~ (for sb / sth) | ~ (as sth) to have a job
• 受雇于；从事…工作:
»Both my parents work.
我父母都工作。
»She works for an engineering company.
她在一家工程公司工作。
»I've always worked in education.
我一直从事教育工作。
»Do you enjoy working with children?
你喜欢做儿童工作吗？
»My son is working as a teacher.
我的儿子是当老师的。
›› MAKE EFFORT 努力
3. [VN] to make yourself / sb work, especially very hard
• 使工作；(尤指)使卖力干活:
»She works herself too hard.
她工作起来太不辞劳苦了。
4. ~ (for sth) to make efforts to achieve sth
• 争取；力争；努力取得:
▪ [V]
»She dedicated her life to working for peace.
她为争取和平奉献了自己的一生。
▪ [V to inf]
»The committee is working to get the prisoners freed.
委员会正在设法营救那些被监禁的人出狱。
›› MANAGE 管理
5. [VN] to manage or operate sth to gain benefit from it
• 管理,经营(以获利):
»to work the land (= grow crops on it, etc.)
耕种土地
»He works a large area (= selling a company's goods, etc.).
他在一个大地区做营销工作。
»(figurative) She was a skilful speaker who knew how to work a crowd (= to excite them or make them feel sth strongly).
她是个很有技巧的演讲者,善于感召听众。
›› MACHINE / DEVICE 机器；装置
6. [V] to function; to operate
• 运转；运行:
»The phone isn't working.
这部电话坏了。
»It works by electricity.
这是电动的。
»Are they any closer to understanding how the brain works?
他们对大脑功能的了解有进展吗？
7. [VN] to make a machine, device, etc. operate
• 开动,操作(机器、装置等)；使运作:
»Do you know how to work the coffee machine?
你会使用咖啡机吗？
»The machine is worked by wind power.
这台机器是以风力推动的。
›› HAVE RESULT / EFFECT 有结果/作用
8. [V] ~ (on sb / sth) to have the result or effect that you want
• 奏效；产生预期的结果(或作用):
»The pills the doctor gave me aren't working.
医生给我的药片不管事。
»My plan worked, and I got them to agree.
我的计划奏效了,我让他们同意了。
»His charm doesn't work on me (= does not affect or impress me).
我不为他的魅力所动。
9. [V +adv. / prep.] to have a particular effect
• 产生…作用:
»Your age can work against you in this job.
你的年纪会妨碍你干这个工作。
»Speaking Italian should work in his favour.
会说意大利语应对他有好处。
10. [VN] to cause or produce sth as a result of effort
• 使奏效；(由于努力)造成,产生:
»You can work miracles with very little money if you follow our home decoration tips.
你要是按照我们的家居装饰诀窍行事,可以用很少的钱就产生奇妙的效果。
›› USE MATERIAL 使用材料
11. [VN] ~ sth (into sth) to make a material into a particular shape or form by pressing, stretching, hitting it, etc.
• (通过压挤、拉长、锤击等)使成形,使定形:
»to work clay
制陶
»to work gold
打制金器
»to work the mixture into a paste
把混合物调成糊状
12. [V] ~ (in / with sth) (of an artist, etc. 艺术家等) to use a particular material to produce a picture or other item
• 用某种材料作画(或编制、编织等):
»an artist working in oils
油画画家
»a craftsman working with wool
毛织手工艺人
›› OF PART OF FACE / BODY 脸/身体部位
13. [V] (formal) to move violently
• 抽动；抽搐；颤动:
»He stared at me in horror, his mouth working.
他恐惧地盯着我,嘴在抽搐着。
›› MOVE GRADUALLY 逐渐移动
14. to move or pass to a particular place or state, usually gradually
• (逐渐地)移动(到某位置)；(逐步)变成(某状态):
▪ [V]
»It will take a while for the drug to work out of your system.
这药得需要一段时间才能排出你的体外。
▪ [VN]
»(figurative) He worked his way to the top of his profession.
他一步一步努力,终于成为行业内的翘楚。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
»I was tied up, but managed to work myself free.
我被捆绑起来,但设法挣脱了绳索。
▪ [V-ADJ]
»The screw had worked loose.
这螺丝钉松动了。 【IDIOMS】
Most idioms containing work are at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example work your fingers to the bone is at finger.
• 大多数含 work 的习语,都可在该等习语中的名词及形容词相关词条找到,如 work your fingers to the bone 在词条 finger 下。
◘ 'work it / things
•(informal) to arrange sth in a particular way, especially by being clever
• (尤指巧妙地)办成,办妥:
»Can you work it so that we get free tickets?
你能不能为我们搞到些免费票？ 【PHR V】
◘ ˌwork a'round / 'round to sth / sb
• to gradually turn a conversation towards a particular topic, subject, etc.
• 渐渐转变(话题、主题等):
»It was some time before he worked around to what he really wanted to say.
他东拉西扯了一会才绕到真正要说的事情上来。
◘ 'work at sth
• to make great efforts to achieve sth or do sth well
• 致力于；努力做:
»He's working at losing weight.
他正在努力减肥。
»Learning to play the piano isn't easy. You have to work at it.
学弹钢琴不容易,你非得下功夫不可。
◘ ˌwork sth 'in ◘ | work sth into sth
1. to try to include sth
• 尽量包括；设法把…加进:
»Can't you work a few more jokes into your speech?
难道你就不能在讲话中再增加几句笑话吗？
2. to add six substance to another and mix them together
• 掺入；将…搅拌进:
»Gradually work in the butter.
逐渐掺进黄油。
◘ ˌwork sth∽'off
1. to get rid of sth, especially a strong feeling, by using physical effort
• (通过消耗体力)宣泄感情:
»She worked off her anger by going for a walk.
她散散步气就消了。
2. to earn money in order to be able to pay a debt
• 工作以偿债:
»They had a large bank loan to work off.
他们有一大笔银行贷款需要偿还。
◘ 'work on sb
• to try to persuade sb to agree to sth or to do sth
• 努力说服(使某人答应或做某事):
»He hasn't said he'll do it yet, but I'm working on him.
他还没说他会做这事,不过我正在设法说服他。
◘ 'work on sth
• to try hard to improve or achieve sth
• 努力改善(或完成):
»You need to work on your pronunciation a bit more.
你需要再加把劲改进发音。
»'Have you sorted out a babysitter yet?' 'No, but I'm working on it.'
"你找到临时看孩子的保母了吗？" "还没有,我正在找呢。"
◘ ˌwork 'out
1. to train the body by physical exercise
• 锻炼身体；做运动:
»I work out regularly to keep fit.
我经常做运动以保持健康。
--› related noun workout
2. to develop in a successful way
• 成功地发展:
»My first job didn't work out.
我的第一份工作干得不好。
»Things have worked out quite well for us.
事情的结果对我们很不错。
◘ ˌwork 'out (at sth)
• if sth works out at sth, you calculate that it will be a particular amount
• 计算；计算出
▪ [+ adj ]
»It'll work out cheaper to travel by bus.
算来还是乘公共汽车便宜些。
◘ ˌwork sb∽'out
• to understand sb's character
• 了解,理解(某人的性格):
»I've never been able to work her out.
我从未能摸准她的秉性。
◘ ˌwork sth∽'out
1. to calculate sth
• 计算；算出:
»to work out the answer
计算出答案
2. to find the answer to sth
• 找…的答案；解决
【SYN】 solve :
»to work out a problem
解决问题
▪ [+ wh- ]
»Can you work out what these squiggles mean?
你能辨认出这些潦草的字迹是什么意思吗？
»I couldn't work out where the music was coming from.
我弄不清这音乐是从哪里传来的。
3. to plan or think of sth
• 计划；思考:
»I've worked out a new way of doing it.
我想出了做这事的一个新方法。
4. [usually passive] to remove all the coal, minerals, etc. from a mine over a period of time
• 挖尽,开采光(煤、矿产等):
»a worked-out silver mine
开采光了的银矿
◘ ˌwork sb∽'over (slang)
• to attack sb and hit them, for example to make them give you information
• 拷问；逼供
◘ 'work to sth
• to follow a plan, schedule, etc.
• 按照(计划、时间表等)；根据…行事:
»to work to a budget
按照预算办事
»We're working to a very tight deadline (= we have little time in which to do the work).
我们的工期很紧。
◘ 'work towards sth
• to try to reach or achieve a goal
• 努力达到,设法完成(目标)
◘ ˌwork sth∽'up
• to develop or improve sth with some effort
• 逐步发展；努力改进:
»I can't work up any enthusiasm for his idea.
我对他的想法怎么也热心不起来。
»She went for a long walk to work up an appetite.
她为了增加食欲散了很长时间的步。
◘ ˌwork sb / yourself 'up (into sth)
• to make sb / yourself reach a state of great excitement, anger, etc.
• 使激动；使发怒:
»Don't work yourself up into a state about it. It isn't worth it.
别为此大动肝火。这不值得。
»What are you so worked up about?
什么事使得你这么激动？
◘ ˌwork sth 'up into sth
• to bring sth to a more complete or more acceptable state
• 使完整；使完好；修整:
»I'm working my notes up into a dissertation.
我正在把我的笔记整理成一篇论文。
◘ ˌwork 'up to sth
• to develop or move gradually towards sth, usually sth more exciting or extreme
• 逐步发展到,逐渐达到(更高或更深的程度):
»The music worked up to a rousing finale.
乐曲渐变到一个激动人心的末乐章。
»I began by jogging in the park and worked up to running nine miles a day.
我开始在公园里慢跑,后来逐渐增加到一天跑五英里。
◙ noun
›› JOB / TASK 工作；任务
1. [U] the job that a person does especially in order to earn money
• 工作；职业
【SYN】 employment :
»She had been out of work (= without a job) for a year.
她已经失业一年了。
»(BrE) They are in work (= have a job).
他们有工作。
»He started work as a security guard.
他开始工作时做保安员。
»It is difficult to find work in the present economic climate.
在目前这种经济大气候下很难找到工作。
»I'm still looking for work.
我仍在找工作。
»She's planning to return to work once the children start school.
她正计划孩子一入学就恢复上班。
»What line of work are you in (= what type of work do you do) ?
你干哪种工作？
»before / after work (= in the morning / evening each day)
上班前；下班后
»full-time / part-time / unpaid / voluntary work
全日制/兼职/无报酬的/义务工作
2. [U] the duties that you have and the activities that you do as part of your job
• 职责；工作内容:
»Police work is mainly routine.
警察的工作主要都是按常规的。
»The accountant described his work to the sales staff.
会计师向销售部的职员介绍了自己的职责。
--› see also piecework , social work
3. [U] tasks that need to be done
• 工作；活计:
»There is plenty of work to be done in the garden.
花园里有很多活要干。
»Taking care of a baby is hard work.
照看婴儿是件苦差。
»I have some work for you to do.
我有些事要你做。
»Stop talking and get on with your work.
别说话了,继续干你们的活儿吧。
--› see also homework , schoolwork
4. [U] materials needed or used for doing work, especially books, papers, etc.
• 工作所需的材料(或档案等):
»She often brings work (= for example, files and documents) home with her from the office.
她经常把办公室里的工作带回家。
»His work was spread all over the floor.
他工作的材料摊了一地。
--› see also paperwork
›› PLACE OF JOB 工作地点
5. [U] (used without the 不与 the 连用) the place where you do your job
• 工作地点；工作单位；工作场所:
»I go to work at 8 o'clock.
我 8 点钟去上班。
»When do you leave for work ?
你什么时候去上班？
»The new legislation concerns health and safety at work.
这项新法规涉及工作场所的健康与安全。
»I have to leave work early today.
我今天得早点儿下班。
»Her friends from work came to see her in the hospital.
她工作单位的朋友来医院看望她。
›› EFFORT 努力
6. [U] the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth
• 工作；劳动:
»She earned her grades through sheer hard work.
她的学习成绩完全是靠刻苦用功得来的。
»We started work on the project in 2002.
我们于 2002 年开始干这个项目。
»Work continues on renovating the hotel.
修整这家旅馆的工作在继续。
»The work of building the bridge took one months.
修建这座桥的工作用了六个月的时间。
»The art collection was his life's work.
收集艺术品是他一生的工作。
»She set them to work painting the fence.
她让他们粉刷围墙。
--› see also donkey work , fieldwork
›› PRODUCT OF WORK 工作成果
7. [U] a thing or things that are produced as a result of work
• 工作成果；产品；作品:
»She's an artist whose work I really admire.
她这位艺术家的作品令我赞赏不已。
»Is this all your own work (= did you do it without help from others) ?
这件作品是你独立完成的吗？
»The book is a detailed and thorough piece of work covering all aspects of the subject.
这本书包括了这一学科的方方面面,是一部缜密翔实的大作。
›› RESULT OF ACTION 行动结果
8. [U] the result of an action; what is done by sb
• 作为；行动结果:
»The damage is clearly the work of vandals.
这毁损显然是些恣意破坏公物的人所为。
›› BOOK / MUSIC / ART 书籍；音乐；艺术
9. [C] a book, piece of music, painting, etc.
• 着作；作品:
»the collected / complete works of Tolstoy
托尔斯泰选集/全集
»works of fiction / literature
小说/文学作品
»Beethoven's piano works
贝多芬的钢琴曲
--› see also work of art
--› compare opus (2)
›› BUILDING / REPAIRING 修造
10. works [pl.] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) activities involving building or repairing sth
• 建；修；修建:
»roadworks
道路施工
»They expanded the shipyards and started engineering works.
他们扩建造船厂,开始了工程施工。
--› see also public works
›› FACTORY 工厂
11. works (pl. works) [C + sing. / pl. v.] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) a place where things are made or industrial processes take place
• 工厂:
»an engineering works
机器制造厂
»a brickworks
砖厂
--› note at factory
›› PARTS OF MACHINE 机器部件
12. the works [pl.] the moving parts of a machine, etc.
• (机器等的)活动部件
【SYN】 mechanism
›› EVERYTHING 所有的事物
13. the works [pl.] (informal) everything
• 所有的事物；全套物品:
»We went to the chip shop and had the works: fish, chips, gherkins, mushy peas.
我们去薯条店吃了套餐:炸鱼、炸薯条、小黄瓜、豆泥。
›› PHYSICS 物理
14. [U] the use of force to produce movement
• 功；做功
--› see also joule
◘ all ˌwork and no 'play (makes ˌʊack a dull 'boy)
•(saying) it is not healthy to spend all your time working; you need to relax too
• 只工作不玩耍,聪明的孩子也变傻
◘ at 'work
1. having an effect on sth
• 起作用:
»She suspected that secret influences were at work.
她怀疑有些秘密势力在作祟。
2. ~ (on sth) busy doing sth
• 忙着(做某事):
»He is still at work on the painting.
他仍在忙着画那幅画。
»Danger—men at work.
危险——有人施工。
◘ get (down) to / set to 'work
• to begin; to make a start
• 开始,着手(工作):
»We set to work on the outside of the house (= for example, painting it).
我们从屋子的外部开始干了起来。
◘ give sb the 'works
•(informal) to give or tell sb everything
• 给(或告诉)…一切
◘ ˌgood 'works
• kind acts to help others
• 善行；善举
◘ go / set about your 'work
• to do / start to do your work
• 做(或着手做)自己的工作:
»She went cheerfully about her work.
她高高兴兴地做自己的工作。
◘ have your 'work cut out
•(informal) to be likely to have difficulty doing sth
• (做某事)可能有困难:
»You'll have your work cut out to get there by four o'clock.
你九点钟前赶到那里可不容易。
◘ in the 'works
【SYN】 in the pipeline
• something that is in the works is being discussed, planned or prepared and will happen or exist soon
• 在讨论(或计划、筹备等)中；在酝酿中
◘ the work of a 'moment, 'second, etc.
•(formal) a thing that takes a very short time to do
• 即刻做完的事
--› more at day , devil , dirty adj., hand n., hard adj., job , light adj., nasty , nice , short adj., spanner
en∙er∙get∙ic / ˌenəˈdʒetik; NAmE ˌenərˈdʒ- /
◙ adj.
• having or needing a lot of energy and enthusiasm
• 精力充沛的；充满活力的；需要能量的；积极的:
»He knew I was energetic and dynamic and would get things done.
他知道我精力充沛、生气勃勃,会把事情办成的。
»an energetic supporter
热情支持者
»The heart responds well to energetic exercise.
心脏对剧烈运动反应良好。
»For the more energetic (= people who prefer physical activities), we offer windsurfing and diving.
对喜欢剧烈运动者,我们有冲浪和潜水运动。
»I think I'd prefer something a little less energetic.
我想我更喜欢不太剧烈的活动。
♦ en∙er∙get∙ic∙al∙ly / -kli / adv.
re∙cover / riˈkʌvə(r) /
◙ verb
›› FROM ILLNESS 从疾病中
1. [V] ~ (from sth) to get well again after being ill / sick, hurt, etc.
• 恢复健康；康复；痊瘉:
»He's still recovering from his operation.
手术后,他仍在恢复之中。
›› FROM STH UNPLEASANT 从不愉快的事中
2. [V] ~ (from sth) to return to a normal state after an unpleasant or unusual experience or a period of difficulty
• 复原；恢复常态:
»It can take many years to recover from the death of a loved one.
从失去亲人的痛苦中恢复过来可能要花很多年。
»The economy is at last beginning to recover.
经济终于开始复苏了。
›› MONEY 钱
3. [VN] ~ sth (from sb / sth) to get back the same amount of money that you have spent or that is owed to you
• 全额收回；追回
【SYN】 recoup :
»He is unlikely to ever recover his legal costs.
他不大可能收回他的诉讼费用了。
›› STH LOST / STOLEN 丢失/失窃的东西
4. [VN] ~ sth (from sb / sth) to get back or find sth that was lost, stolen or missing
• 找回；寻回；找到:
»The police eventually recovered the stolen paintings.
警方最终追回了失窃的油画。
»Six bodies were recovered from the wreckage.
从残骸中找到了六具尸体。
›› POSITION / STATUS 位置；地位
5. [VN] to win back a position, level, status, etc. that has been lost
• 赢回；重新获得
【SYN】 regain :
»The team recovered its lead in the second half.
下半场这支队再次领先。
›› SENSES / EMOTIONS 感觉；情感
6. [VN] to get back the use of your senses, control of your emotions, etc.
• 恢复；重新控制
【SYN】 regain :
»It took her a few minutes to recover consciousness.
过了几分钟她才恢复知觉。
»to recover your sight
恢复视力
»She seemed upset but quickly recovered herself.
她显得心烦意乱,但很快静下心来。
♦ re∙covered adj. [not before noun] :
»She is now fully recovered from her injuries.
她现在已经完全从伤痛中恢复过来了。
liver / ˈlivə(r) /
◙ noun
1. [C] a large organ in the body that cleans the blood and produces bile
• 肝脏
2. [U, C] the liver of some animals that is cooked and eaten
• (动物供食用的)肝:
»liver and onions
洋葱炒肝尖
»chicken livers
鸡肝
fail∙ure / ˈfeiljə(r) /
◙ noun
›› NOT SUCCESSFUL 不成功
1. [U] lack of success in doing or achieving sth
• 失败:
»The success or failure of the plan depends on you.
这项计划的成败取决于你。
»The attempt was doomed to failure.
这项尝试注定失败。
»All my efforts ended in failure.
我的一切努力最后都无济于事。
»the problems of economic failure and increasing unemployment
经济失败和失业人数增加这些问题
»She is still coming to terms with the failure of her marriage.
她还在努力适应婚姻失败的事实。
【OPP】 success
2. [C] a person or thing that is not successful
• 失败的人(或事物):
»The whole thing was a complete failure.
整个事情彻底失败了。
»He was a failure as a teacher.
他当教师并不成功。
【OPP】 success
›› NOT DOING STH 未做某事
3. [U, C] ~ to do sth an act of not doing sth, especially sth that you are expected to do
• 未做,未履行(应做之事):
»the failure of the United Nations to maintain food supplies
联合国未能维持粮食供应
»Failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution.
不遵守规章制度将被起诉。
›› OF MACHINE / PART OF BODY 机器；身体部位
4. [U, C] the state of not working correctly or as expected; an occasion when this happens
• 故障；失灵:
»patients suffering from heart / kidney, etc. failure
心脏、肾等衰竭的病人
»A power failure plunged everything into darkness.
电源故障使一切陷入黑暗。
»The cause of the crash was given as engine failure.
撞车事故的原因被认定是发动机故障。
›› OF BUSINESS 企业
5. [C, U] business ~ a situation in which a business has to close because it is not successful
• 倒闭
›› OF CROP / HARVEST 庄稼；收成
6. [U, C] crop / harvest ~ a situation in which crops do not grow correctly and do not produce food
• 歉收
con∙tain / kənˈtein /
◙ verb [VN] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时)
1. if sth contains sth else, it has that thing inside it or as part of it
• 包含；含有；容纳:
»This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
这种饮料不含任何酒精。
»Her statement contained one or two inaccuracies.
她的陈述有一两处不准确。
»a brown envelope containing dollar bills
装有钞票的棕色信封
»The bottle contains (= can hold) two litres.
此瓶容量为两升。
2. to keep your feelings under control
• 控制,克制,抑制(感情)
【SYN】 restrain :
»She was unable to contain her excitement.
她无法抑制内心的激动。
»I was so furious I just couldn't contain myself (= I had to express my feelings).
我气愤极了,简直无法克制自己。
3. to prevent sth harmful from spreading or getting worse
• 防止…蔓延(或恶化):
»to contain an epidemic
防止流行病的蔓延
»Government forces have failed to contain the rebellion.
政府军未能遏止叛乱。
chem∙ical / ˈkemikl /
◙ adj.
1. connected with chemistry
• 与化学有关的；化学的:
»a chemical element
化学元素
»the chemical industry
化学工业
2. produced by or using processes which involve changes to atoms or molecules
• 用化学方法制造的；化学作用的:
»chemical reactions / processes
化学反应/过程
♦ chem∙ic∙al∙ly / -kli / adv.:
»The raw sewage is chemically treated.
未经处理的污水要进行化学处理。
◙ noun
• a substance obtained by or used in a chemical process
• 化学制品；化学品
treat∙ment / ˈtri:tmənt /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] ~ (for sth) something that is done to cure an illness or injury, or to make sb look and feel good
• 治疗；疗法；诊治:
»He is receiving treatment for shock.
他正在接受休克治疗。
»She is responding well to treatment.
她经过治疗大有起色。
»to require hospital / medical treatment
需要住院治疗/医疗
»There are various treatments available for this condition.
对这种病情有各种疗法。
»Guests at the health spa receive a range of beauty treatments.
客人在健身庄享受各种各样的美容服务。
2. [U] a way of behaving towards or dealing with a person or thing
• 对待；待遇:
»the brutal treatment of political prisoners
对狱中政治犯的残酷虐待
»Certain city areas have been singled out for special treatment.
某些城区已划出要进行特别治理。
3. [U, C] a way of dealing with or discussing a subject, work of art, etc.
• 处理；讨论；论述:
»Shakespeare's treatment of madness in 'King Lear'
莎士比亚在《李尔王》中对疯癫的处理手法
4. [U, C] ~ (for sth) a process by which sth is cleaned, or protected against sth
• (净化或防治)处理,加工:
»a sewage treatment plant
污水处理厂
»an effective treatment for dry rot
防治干腐病的有效方法
pain∙ful / ˈpeinfl /
◙ adj.
1. causing you pain
• 令人疼痛的:
»Is your back still painful?
你的背还疼吗？
»a painful death
痛苦的死亡
»My ankle is still too painful to walk on.
我的脚腕子还是疼得不能走路。
2. ~ (for sb) (to do sth) | ~ (doing sth) causing you to feel upset or embarrassed
• 令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的:
»a painful experience / memory
痛苦的经历/回忆
»Their efforts were painful to watch.
看着他们辛劳真是令人心痛。
3. unpleasant or difficult to do
• 不愉快的；困难的；艰难的
【SYN】 trying :
»Applying for jobs can be a long and painful process.
求职可以是一个漫长而又艰难的历程。
dam∙age / ˈdæmidʒ /
◙ noun
1. [U] ~ (to sth) physical harm caused to sth which makes it less attractive, useful or valuable
• (有形的)损坏,破坏,损失:
»serious / severe / extensive / permanent / minor damage
重大的/严重的/大范围的/永久性的/轻微的损坏
»brain / liver etc. damage
脑损伤、肝损伤等
»fire / smoke / bomb / storm damage
火灾损失；烟雾熏坏；炸弹毁坏；暴风雨破坏
»The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $6 million.
地震造成大约 600 万元的财产损失。
»The storm didn't do much damage.
暴风雨并未造成严重损失。
»Let's take a look at the damage.
让我们看看损失情况吧。
»I insist on paying for the damage.
我坚持要赔偿损失。
»Make sure you insure your camera against loss or damage.
一定要给你的照相机投保,以防丢失或损坏。
2. [U] ~ (to sb / sth) harmful effects on sb / sth
• 损害；伤害:
»emotional damage resulting from divorce
离婚引起的感情伤害
»damage to a person's reputation
对个人名誉的损害
»This could cause serious damage to the country's economy.
这可能对国家的经济造成严重破坏。
»I'm going—I've done enough damage here already.
我要走了——我在这里造成的损害已经够大了。
3. damages [pl.] an amount of money that a court decides should be paid to sb by the person, company, etc. that has caused them harm or injury
• (法院判定的)损害赔偿金:
»He was ordered to pay damages totalling £30 000.
他被责令支付总额为 3 万英镑的损害赔偿金。
»They intend to sue for damages.
他们打算起诉,要求赔偿损失。
»Ann was awarded £6 000 (in) damages.
安被判予 6 000 英镑的损害赔偿金。 【IDIOMS】
◘ what's the 'damage?
•(informal) a way of asking how much sth costs
• 要花多少钱
◙ verb [VN]
• to harm or spoil sth / sb
• 损害；伤害；毁坏；破坏:
»The fire badly damaged the town hall.
火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏。
»Several vehicles were damaged in the crash.
好几辆汽车在撞车事故中损坏了。
»Smoking seriously damages your health.
吸烟严重损害人体健康。
»The allegations are likely to damage his political career.
这些指控有可能对他的政治生命造成伤害。
»emotionally damaged children
感情上受伤害的孩子
at∙tract∙ive / əˈtræktiv /
◙ adj.
1. (of a person 人) pleasant to look at, especially in a sexual way
• 性感的；妩媚的；英俊的；诱人的:
»an attractive woman
妩媚的女人
»I like John but I don't find him attractive physically.
我喜欢约翰,不过我认为他长得并不英俊。
--› note at beautiful
2. (of a thing or a place 物或地方) pleasant
• 吸引人的；令人愉快的:
»a big house with an attractive garden
带有美丽花园的一所巨宅
»That's one of the less attractive aspects of her personality.
那是她个性中不太讨人喜欢的一面。
3. having features or qualities that make sth seem interesting and worth having
• (事物)有吸引力的；诱人的
【SYN】 appealing :
»an attractive offer / proposition
诱人的提议
【OPP】 unattractive
♦ at∙tract∙ive∙ly adv.:
»The room is arranged very attractively.
这个房间布置得十分宜人。
»attractively priced hotel rooms
价格诱人的旅馆房间
♦ at∙tract∙ive∙ness noun [U] :
»the attractiveness of travelling abroad
国外旅游的吸引力
em∙bar∙rassed / imˈbærəst /
◙ adj.
1. ~ (about / at sth) | ~ (to do sth) (of a person or their behaviour 人或行为) shy, awkward or ashamed, especially in a social situation
• (尤指在社交场合)窘迫的,尴尬的,害羞的:
»She's embarrassed about her height.
她因自己个子高而困窘。
»He felt embarrassed at being the centre of attention.
他因自己成为众人注目的中心而感到很尴尬。
»Some women are too embarrassed to consult their doctor about the problem.
有些妇女太害羞,不愿就这个问题向医生咨询。
»Her remark was followed by an embarrassed silence.
她的话讲完后,接下来便是难堪的沉默。
»I've never felt so embarrassed in my life!
我一生中从未感到如此难堪过！
--› note at ashamed
2. financially ~ (informal) not having any money; in a difficult financial situation
• 拮据的；经济困难的
pres∙sure / ˈpreʃə(r) /
◙ noun
›› WHEN STH PRESSES 挤压时
1. [U] the force or weight with which sth presses against sth else
• 压力；挤压:
»The nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop the bleeding.
护士压住他的胳膊止血。
»The barriers gave way under the pressure of the crowd.
拥挤的人群把路障推倒了。
›› OF GAS / LIQUID 气体；液体
2. [U, C] the force produced by a particular amount of gas or liquid in a confined space or container; the amount of this
• 压力；压强:
»air / water pressure
空气/水的压力
»Check the tyre pressure (= the amount of air in a tyre) regularly.
要定期检查轮胎的气压。
--› see also blood pressure
›› OF ATMOSPHERE 大气
3. [U] the force of the atmosphere on the earth's surface
• 大气压:
»A band of high / low pressure is moving across the country.
一股高/低气压正横越这个国家。
--› see also atmospheric (1)
›› PERSUASION / FORCE 劝说；强迫
4. [U] ~ (for sth) | ~ (on sb) (to do sth) the act of trying to persuade or to force sb to do sth
• 催促；要求；呼吁；强迫:
»The pressure for change continued to mount.
改革的呼声持续高涨。
»There is a great deal of pressure on young people to conform.
年轻人被大力要求守规矩。
»The government eventually bowed to popular pressure (= they agreed to do what people were trying to get them to do).
政府最终向群众的压力低头。
»Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer pressure.
青少年可能觉得很难抗拒同侪的压力。
›› STRESS 紧张
5. [U] (also pres∙sures [pl.]) difficulties and feelings of anxiety that are caused by the need to achieve or to behave in a particular way
• 心理压力；紧张:
»She was unable to attend because of the pressure of work.
由于工作紧张她不能出席。
»You need to be able to handle pressure in this job.
你要能应付这一工作的压力。
»How can anyone enjoy the pressures of city life?
怎么会有人喜欢都市生活的压力呢？ 【IDIOMS】
◘ put 'pressure on sb (to do sth)
• to force or to try to persuade sb to do sth
• 强迫；促使；劝说
◘ under 'pressure
1. if a liquid or a gas is kept under pressure, it is forced into a container so that when the container is opened, the liquid or gas escapes quickly
• (液体或气体)受压力,压缩
2. being forced to do sth
• 被迫:
»The director is under increasing pressure to resign.
主任面对被迫请辞的压力越来越大。
3. made to feel anxious about sth you have to do
• 承受着(急于完成某事的)压力:
»The team performs well under pressure.
这个队在压力下表现良好。
◙ verb
[often passive] ~ sb (into sth / into doing sth) (especially NAmE) = pressurize (1) :
▪ [VN]
»Don't let yourself be pressured into making a hasty decision.
不要勉强自己仓促作出决定。
▪ [also VN to inf]
over∙weight / ˌəuvəˈweit; NAme ˌouvərˈw- /
◙ adj.
1. (of people 人) too heavy and fat
• 太胖的；超重的:
»She was only a few pounds overweight.
她只是超重几磅而已。
【OPP】 underweight
2. above an allowed weight
• 超过限制重量的；过重的:
»overweight baggage
超重的行李
diet / ˈdaiət /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] the food that you eat and drink regularly
• 日常饮食；日常食物:
»to have a healthy, balanced diet
有健康和均衡的饮食
»the Japanese diet of rice, vegetables and fish
米饭、蔬菜和鱼这些日本人常吃的食物
»to receive advice on diet
接受饮食建议
2. [C] a limited variety or amount of food that you eat for medical reasons or because you want to lose weight; a time when you only eat this limited variety or amount
• 规定饮食(为健康或减肥等目的)；规定饮食的时期:
»a low-fat, salt-free diet
低脂肪无盐的饮食
»diet drinks (= with fewer calories than normal)
低热量饮料
»I decided to go on a diet (= to lose weight) before my holiday.
我决定在休假前开始节食。
3. [sing.] a ~ of sth (disapproving) a large amount of a restricted range of activities
• 大量单调的活动；大量单一的东西:
»Children today are brought up on a diet of television cartoons and soap operas.
如今的孩子是伴随电视上的动画片和肥皂剧长大的。
♦ diet∙ary / ˈdaiətəri; NAmE -teri / adj. [usually before noun] :
»dietary advice / changes / habits
饮食建议/变化/习惯
»dietary fibre
饮食纤维素
◙ verb [V]
• to eat less food or only food of a particular type in order to lose weight
• 节食；进规定饮食
【SYN】 be on a diet :
»She's always dieting but she never seems to lose any weight.
她总是在节食,但体重好像并未减少。
pre∙fer / priˈfə:(r) /
◙ verb (-rr-)
• (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to like one thing or person better than another; to choose one thing rather than sth else because you like it better
• 较喜欢；喜欢…多于…:
▪ [VN]
»'Coffee or tea?' 'I'd prefer tea, thanks.'
"要咖啡还是茶？" "我要茶,谢谢。"
»I much prefer jazz to rock music.
我喜欢爵士乐远胜过摇滚乐。
»I would prefer it if you didn't tell anyone.
我希望你别告诉任何人。
»A local firm is to be preferred.
选一家当地的公司更好。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
»I prefer my coffee black.
我喜欢不加奶的咖啡。
▪ [V to inf]
»The donor prefers to remain anonymous.
捐赠者希望不披露姓名。
»I prefer not to think about it.
我不想考虑此事。
▪ [VN to inf]
»Would you prefer me to stay?
你愿意我留下来吗？
▪ [V -ing]
»I prefer playing in defence.
我喜欢打防守。
▪ [V that]
»(formal) I would prefer that you did not mention my name.
我希望你不要说出我的名字。 【IDIOMS】
--› see charge n.
waist / weist /
◙ noun
1. the area around the middle of the body between the ribs and the hips, often narrower than the areas above and below
• 腰；腰部；腰围:
»He put his arm around her waist.
他搂住了她的腰。
»She was paralysed from the waist down (= in the area below her waist).
她从腰部以下都瘫痪了。
»The workmen were stripped to the waist (= wearing no clothes on the top half of their bodies).
工人光着上身。
2. the part of a piece of clothing that covers the waist
• (衣服的)腰部,腰:
»a skirt with an elasticated waist
腰部有松紧带的裙子
3. -waisted (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the type of waist mentioned
• 有…腰身的；腰身…的:
»a high-waisted dress
高腰连衣裙
suf∙fer / ˈsʌfə(r) /
◙ verb
1. [V] ~ (from sth) | ~ (for sth) to be badly affected by a disease, pain, sadness, a lack of sth, etc.
• (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦,受难,受折磨:
»I hate to see animals suffering.
我不忍心看动物受苦。
»He suffers from asthma.
他患有哮喘。
»road accident victims suffering from shock
在交通事故中受到惊吓的受害者
»Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff.
许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。
»He made a rash decision and now he is suffering for it.
他当初草率决定,现在吃苦头了。
2. [VN] to experience sth unpleasant, such as injury, defeat or loss
• 遭受；蒙受:
»He suffered a massive heart attack.
他的心脏病发作很严重。
»The party suffered a humiliating defeat in the general election.
该党在大选中惨败。
»The company suffered huge losses in the last financial year.
公司在上一财政年度出现巨额亏损。
3. [V] to become worse
• 变差；变糟:
»His school work is suffering because of family problems.
由于家庭问题,他的学业日渐退步。 【IDIOMS】
◘ not suffer fools 'gladly
• to have very little patience with people that you think are stupid
• 不愿迁就笨人；不能容忍愚蠢者
ath∙lete / ˈæθli:t /
◙ noun
1. a person who competes in sports
• 运动员:
»Olympic athletes
奥运会运动员
2. (BrE) a person who competes in sports such as running and jumping
• 田径运动员
3. a person who is good at sports and physical exercise
• 擅长运动的人；健儿:
»She is a natural athlete.
她是个天生的运动健将。
ef∙fect / iˈfekt /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] ~ (on sb / sth) a change that sb / sth causes in sb / sth else; a result
• 效应；影响；结果:
»the effect of heat on metal
热对金属产生的效应
»dramatic / long-term effects
引人注目的影响；长期效应
»to learn to distinguish between cause and effect
学会分清因果
»the beneficial effects of exercise
锻炼的好处
»Modern farming methods can have an adverse effect on the environment.
现代农业耕作方法可能对环境造成负面影响。
»Her criticisms had the effect of discouraging him completely.
她批评的结果是使他完全丧失了信心。
»Despite her ordeal, she seems to have suffered no ill effects.
她尽管备受磨难,但好像并未受到不利影响。
»I can certainly feel the effects of too many late nights.
我当然能感觉到熬夜太多产生的影响。
»'I'm feeling really depressed.' 'The winter here has that effect sometimes.'
"我真感到抑郁。" "这儿的冬天有时候就会产生这种影响。"
»I tried to persuade him, but with little or no effect.
我试图说服他,但却无济于事。
--› see also greenhouse effect , knock-on , side effect
--› note at affect
2. [C, U] a particular look, sound or impression that sb, such as an artist or a writer, wants to create
• (艺术家或作家所要创造的特定)外观,声响,印象,效果:
»The overall effect of the painting is overwhelming.
这幅画的总体效果气势磅礡。
»The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene.
这种舞台灯光能产生月下景色的效果。
»Add a scarf for a casual effect.
再围上一条围巾以显得随便些。
»He only behaves like that for effect (= in order to impress people).
他那样表现不过是为了譁众取宠。
--› see also special effects , sound effect
3. effects [pl.] (formal) your personal possessions
• (个人)财产,所有物,财物
【SYN】 belongings :
»The insurance policy covers all baggage and personal effects.
这份保险单为全部行李和个人财产提供保险。 【IDIOMS】
◘ bring / put sth into ef'fect
• to cause sth to come into use
• 使生效；实行；实施:
»The recommendations will soon be put into effect.
这些建议即将付诸实施。
◘ come into ef'fect
• to come into use; to begin to apply
• 生效；开始实施:
»New controls come into effect next month.
下月开始实施新的管制措施。
◘ in ef'fect
1. used when you are stating what the facts of a situation are
• 实际上；事实上:
»In effect, the two systems are identical.
实际上,这两种系统完全一样。
»His wife had, in effect, run the government for the past six months.
过去的六个月实际上是他的妻子在执政。
2. (of a law or rule 法律或规则) in use
• 在实施中；有效:
»These laws are in effect in twenty states.
这些法律在二十个州有效。
◘ take ef'fect
1. to start to produce the results that are intended
• 开始起作用；见效:
»The aspirins soon take effect.
阿司匹林药片见效快。
2. to come into use; to begin to apply
• 生效；开始实施:
»The new law takes effect from tomorrow.
新法令明日起生效。
◘ to the effect that... | ◘ to this / that ef'fect
• used to show that you are giving the general meaning of what sb has said or written rather than the exact words
• 大意是；意思是；有这个(或那个)意思:
»He left a note to the effect that he would not be coming back.
他留下一张字条,大意是他不回来了。
»She told me to get out—or words to that effect.
她叫我滚开——或说了类似的话。
◘ to good, great, dramatic, etc. ef'fect
• producing a good, successful, dramatic, etc. result or impression
• 富有成效；效果良好
◘ to no ef'fect
• not producing the result you intend or hope for
• 毫无效果；毫无成效；不起作用:
»We warned them, but to no effect.
我们曾告诫过他们,但没起任何作用。
◘ with immediate effect | ◘ with effect from...
•(formal) starting now; starting from...
• 立即生效；从…起开始生效:
»The government has cut interest rates with effect from the beginning of next month.
政府已削减利率,从下月起开始生效。
◙ verb [VN]
• (formal) to make sth happen
• 使发生；实现；引起:
»to effect a cure / change / recovery
产生疗效；引起变化；实现复苏
--› note at affect
'side effect
◙ noun [usually pl.]
1. an extra and usually bad effect that a drug has on you, as well as curing illness or pain
• (药物的)副作用
2. an unexpected result of a situation or course of action that happens as well as the result you were aiming for
• 意外的连带后果
post / pəust; NAme poust /
◙ noun
›› LETTERS 信函
1. (BrE) (also mail NAmE, BrE) [U] the official system used for sending and delivering letters, packages, etc.
• 邮政；邮递；邮寄:
»I'll send the original to you by post.
我将把原件邮寄给你。
»I'll put the information in the post to you tomorrow.
我明天会把资料邮寄给你。
»My application got lost in the post.
我的申请书寄丢了。
2. (BrE) (also mail NAmE, BrE) [U] letters, packages, etc. that are sent and delivered
• 邮寄的信函(或包裹等)；邮件:
»There was a lot of post this morning.
今天上午邮件很多。
»Have you opened your post yet?
你拆开你的邮件了没有？
3. (BrE) [U, sing.] an occasion during the day when letters, etc. are collected or delivered
• 收集(或投递)邮件的时间；邮班:
»to catch / miss the post
赶上/错过邮班
»The parcel came in this morning's post.
这个包裹是今天上午邮送来的。
»Payment should be sent by return of post (= immediately).
请立即付款。
›› JOB 工作
4. [C] a job, especially an important six in a large organization
• 职位；(尤指)要职
【SYN】 position :
»an academic / government post
教学/政府职位
»to take up a post
就职
»to resign (from) a post
辞职
»We will be creating 15 new posts next year.
明年我们将增设 15 个新职位。
»The company has been unable to fill the post.
公司的这个空缺还未能填补。
»He has held the post for seven years.
他担任这个职务已经三年了。
--› note at job
›› FOR SOLDIER / GUARD 士兵；警衞
5. [C] the place where sb, especially a soldier, does their job
• 哨所；岗位:
»a police / customs / military post
警察岗亭；海关关卡；军事哨所
»an observation post
观察哨所
»The guards were ordered not to leave their posts.
警衞受命不得擅离岗位。
--› see also last post , staging post , trading post
›› WOOD / METAL 木头；金属
6. [C] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) a piece of wood or metal that is set in the ground in a vertical position, especially to support sth or to mark a position
• 柱；桩；标志杆:
»corner posts (= that mark the corners of a sports field)
运动场的角杆
--› see also bedpost , gatepost , lamp post , signpost
›› END OF RACE 径赛终点
7. the post [sing.] the place where a race finishes, especially in horse racing
• (尤指赛马的)终点,终点标志
--› see also first-past-the-post , winning post
›› FOOTBALL 足球
8. [C, usually sing.] = goalpost :
»The ball hit the post and bounced in.
球击在门柱上弹进了球门。 【IDIOMS】
—more at deaf , pillar
◙ verb
›› LETTERS 信函
1. (BrE) (NAmE mail) ~ sth (off) (to sb) | ~ sb sth to send a letter, etc. to sb by post / mail
• 寄；邮寄:
▪ [VN]
»Have you posted off your order yet?
你把订单寄出去没有？
▪ [VN VNN]
»Is it OK if I post the cheque to you next week?
我下周把支票寄给你行不行？
»Is it OK if I post you the cheque next week?
我下周寄给你支票可以吗？
--› compare mail
2. [VN] (BrE) (NAmE mail) to put a letter, etc. into a postbox
• 把(信件等)投入邮筒；投递；邮寄:
»Could you post this letter for me?
请把这封信替我寄了好吗？
›› STH THROUGH HOLE 塞入孔中
3. [VN] to put sth through a hole into a container
• 把…放入(或塞入):
»Let yourself out and post the keys through the letter box.
你先出去,再把这些钥匙塞进信箱吧。
›› SB FOR JOB 委派
4. [VN] [usually passive] to send sb to a place for a period of time as part of their job
• 派驻:
»She's been posted to Washington for ten years.
她被派往华盛顿工作两年。
»Most of our employees get posted abroad at some stage.
我们的大部份雇员都会在某一时期派驻国外。
›› SOLDIER / GUARD 士兵；警衞
5. [VN +adv. / prep.] to put sb, especially a soldier, in a particular place so that they can guard a building or area
• 使驻守；布置…站岗:
»Guards have been posted along the border.
边界上已部署了边防岗哨。
›› PUBLIC NOTICE 公告
6. [VN] [often passive] to put a notice, etc. in a public place so that people can see it
• 张贴；公布
【SYN】 display :
»A copy of the letter was posted on the noticeboard.
布告牌上张贴了这封信的内容。
»The results will be posted on the Internet.
结果将在互联网上公布。
›› GIVE INFORMATION 发布信息
7. (especially NAmE) to announce sth publicly or officially, especially financial information or a warning
• 发布,公布,宣布(尤指财经信息或警告):
▪ [VN]
»The company posted a $1.1 billion loss.
这家公司公布了 11 亿元的亏损。
»A snow warning was posted for Ohio.
俄亥俄州已发出大雪警报。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
»The aircraft and its crew were posted missing.
据报这架飞机和机组人员已失踪。
›› PAY MONEY TO COURT 向法院交款
8. [VN] ~ bail / (a) bond (especially NAmE) to pay money to a court so that a person accused of a crime can go free until their trial
• 交付(保释金):
»She was released after posting $100 cash bond and her driver's license.
交了 100 元现款保释金及驾驶执照以后,她获得保释了。
◘ keep sb 'posted (about / on sth)
• to regularly give sb the most recent information about sth and how it is developing
• 定期通报；及时报告
mem∙ber∙ship / ˈmembəʃip; NAme -bərʃ- /
◙ noun
1. [U] (BrE) ~ (of sth) | (NAmE) ~ (in sth) the state of being a member of a group, a club, an organization, etc.
• 会员资格；成员资格:
»Who is eligible to apply for membership of the association?
谁有资格申请加入这个协会？
»a membership card / fee
会员卡；会费
2. [C + sing. / pl. v.] the members, or the number of members, of a group, a club, an organization, etc.
• (统称)会员,成员；会员人数；成员数:
»The membership has / have not yet voted.
会员还没有进行投票。
»The club has a membership of more than 500.
俱乐部的会员人数超过了 500 名。
in∙clud∙ing / inˈklu:diŋ /
◙ prep.
• (abbr. incl.) having sth as part of a group or set
• 包括…在内:
»I've got seven days' holiday including New Year's Day.
包括元旦在内我有三天假。
»Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman.
暴乱中有六人死亡,包括一名警察。
»It's £7.50, not including tax.
共计 7.50 英镑,不含税款。
【OPP】 excluding
branch / brɑ:ntʃ; NAmE bræntʃ /
◙ noun
›› OF TREE 树
1. a part of a tree that grows out from the main stem and on which leaves, flowers and fruit grow
• 树枝
›› OF COMPANY 公司
2. a local office or shop / store belonging to a large company or organization
• 分支；分部；分行；分店:
»The bank has branches all over the country.
那家银行在全国各地设有分行。
»Our New York branch is dealing with the matter.
我们的纽约分部正在处理这件事。
›› OF GOVERNMENT 政府
3. a part of a government or other large organization that deals with six particular aspect of its work
• 政府部门；分支机构
【SYN】 department :
»the anti-terrorist branch
反恐怖部门
›› OF KNOWLEDGE 知识
4. a division of an area of knowledge or a group of languages
• (学科及语言的)分支:
»the branch of computer science known as 'artificial intelligence'
计算机科学中的所谓"人工智能"分科
›› OF RIVER / ROAD 河；路
5. a smaller or less important part of a river, road, railway / railroad, etc. that leads away from the main part
• 支流；支路；支线:
»a branch of the Rhine
莱茵河的支流
»a branch line (= a small line off a main railway line, often in country areas)
铁路支线
›› OF FAMILY 家庭
6. a group of members of a family who all have the same ancestors
• 家族分支:
»My uncle's branch of the family emigrated to Canada.
我们家族中我叔父的这一支移居到了加拿大。 【IDIOMS】
--› see root n.
◙ verb [V]
• to divide into ten or more parts, especially smaller or less important parts
• 分开；分岔:
»The accident happened where the road branches.
事故发生在岔道处。 【PHR V】
◘ ˌbranch 'off
1. (of a road or river 路、河) to be joined to another road or river but lead in a different direction
• 分岔:
»Just after the lake, the path branches off to the right.
小路在经过湖后右边有一岔道。
2. (of a person 人) to leave a road or path and travel in a different direction
• 改道；转道
◘ ˌbranch 'out (into sth)
• to start to do an activity that you have not done before, especially in your work or business
• 涉足(新工作)；拓展(新业务)
【SYN】 diversify :
»The company branched out into selling insurance.
该公司开展了保险销售业务。
»I decided to branch out on my own.
我决定自己开业。
down∙town / ˌdaunˈtaun /
◙ adv.
• (especially NAmE) in or towards the centre of a city, especially its main business area
• 在市中心,往市中心(尤指商业中心区):
»to go / work downtown
到商业中心区去；在商业中心区工作
--› compare midtown , town centre , uptown
♦ 'down∙town adj.:
»a downtown store
闹市区的商店
♦ 'down∙town noun [U] :
»a hotel in the heart of downtown
市区中心的旅馆
free∙way / ˈfri:wei / (also ex∙press∙way)
◙ noun
• (in the US) a wide road, where traffic can travel fast for long distances. You can only enter and leave freeways at special ramps .
• (美国)高速公路:
»a freeway exit
高速公路出口
»an accident on the freeway
高速公路事故
mid∙night / ˈmidnait /
◙ noun [U]
1. 12 o'clock at night
• 半夜 12 点钟；午夜；子夜:
»They had to leave at midnight.
他们不得不半夜离开。
»on the stroke of midnight / shortly after midnight
半夜 12 点整；午夜时分
»She heard the clock strike midnight.
她听见钟敲子夜 12 点。
»We have to catch the midnight train.
我们得乘半夜 12 点的火车。
2. (especially NAmE) = midnight blue 【IDIOMS】
--› see burn v., flit n.
equip∙ment / iˈkwipmənt /
◙ noun [U]
1. the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity
• 设备；器材:
»a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen
一件有用的厨房设备
»office equipment
办公室设备
»new equipment for the sports club
体育俱乐部的新器材
2. the process of providing a place or person with necessary things
• 配备；装备:
»The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive.
这个摄影室的装备花费巨大。
mara∙thon / ˈmærəθən; NAme -θɑ:n /
◙ noun
1. a long running race of about 42 kilometres or 26 miles
• 马拉松赛跑(距离约 42 公里,合 26 英里):
»the London marathon
伦敦马拉松赛跑
»to run a marathon
参加马拉松赛跑
2. an activity or a piece of work that lasts a long time and requires a lot of effort and patience
• 马拉松式的活动(或工作):
»The interview was a real marathon.
这次面试真是一场马拉松。 ORIGIN From the story that in ancient Greece a messenger ran from Marathon to Athens (22 miles) with the news of a victory over the Persians.
• 源自古希腊的传说,一名通信兵从马拉松奔跑 22 英里到雅典报捷。
♦ mara∙thon adj. [only before noun] :
»a marathon journey lasting 56 hours
持续了 56 小时的马拉松式的旅程
»a marathon legal battle
一场马拉松式的法律斗争
ex∙pert / ˈekspə:t; NAmE -pə:rt /
◙ noun
• ~ (at / in / on sth) | ~ (at / in / on doing sth) a person with special knowledge, skill or training in sth
• 专家；行家；能手:
»a computer / medical expert
计算机/医学专家
»an expert in child psychology
儿童心理学家
»an expert on modern literature
现代文学研究专家
»He's an expert at getting his own way.
他在如何达到自己的目的方面很在行。
»Don't ask me—I'm no expert!
不要问我——我不是行家！
◙ adj.
• ~ (at / in sth) | ~ (at / in doing sth) done with, having or involving great knowledge or skill
• 熟练的；内行的；专家的；经验(或知识)丰富的:
»to seek expert advice / an expert opinion
征求专家意见
»an expert driver
技术高超的驾驶员
»We need some expert help.
我们需要一些内行的帮助。
»She's expert at making cheap but stylish clothes.
她擅长做便宜但雅致的服装。
»They are all expert in this field.
他们都是这个领域的行家。
--› compare inexpert
♦ ex∙pert∙ly adv.:
»The roads were icy but she stopped the car expertly.
道路结了冰,可她却非常熟练地把车停了下来。
»The music was expertly performed.
乐曲演奏得非常嫺熟。
chip / tʃip /
◙ noun
1. the place from which a small piece of wood, glass, etc. has broken from an object
• (木头、玻璃等的)缺口,缺损处:
»This mug has a chip in it.
这缸子有个豁口。
2. a small piece of wood, glass, etc. that has broken off an object
• (木头、玻璃等上掉下来的)碎屑,碎片,碎渣:
»chips of wood
碎木屑
»chocolate chip cookies (= biscuits containing small pieces of chocolate)
碎粒巧克力饼干
3. (BrE) (also ˌʃrench 'fry,fry NAmE, BrE) əusually pl.] a long thin piece of potato fried in oil or fat
• 油炸土豆条；炸薯条:
»All main courses are served with chips or baked potato.
所有的主菜都配有炸土豆条或烤土豆。
--› see also fish and chips
4. (NAmE) = crisp :
»potato chips
炸土豆片
5. = microchip :
»chip technology
芯片科技
--› see also V-chip
6. a small flat piece of plastic used to represent a particular amount of money in some types of gambling
• (作赌注用的)筹码: (figurative)
»The release of prisoners was used as a bargaining chip.
释放战俘被用作讨价还价的筹码。
7. (also 'chip shot) (in golf , football ( soccer ), etc. 高尔夫球、足球等) an act of hitting or kicking a ball high in the air so that it lands within a short distance
• (足球)高球；(高尔夫球)近穴球
--› see also blue-chip 【IDIOMS】
◘ a ˌchip off the old 'block
•(informal) a person who is very similar to their mother or father in the way that they look or behave
• (相貌或性格)酷似父亲或母亲的人
◘ have a 'chip on your shoulder (about sth)
•(informal) to be sensitive about sth that happened in the past and become easily offended if it is mentioned because you think that you were treated unfairly
• (因受过委屈而变得)敏感,好生气
◘ have had your 'chips
(BrE, informal)
• to be in a situation in which you are certain to be defeated or killed
• 注定要失败(或完蛋)
◘ when the chips are 'down
• (informal) used to refer to a difficult situation in which you are forced to decide what is important to you
• 在危急关头；在关键时刻:
»I'm not sure what I'll do when the chips are down.
我拿不准到了关键时刻我会干出些什么事来。
--› more at cash v.
◙ verb (-pp-)
1. to damage sth by breaking a small piece off it; to become damaged in this way
• 打破；弄缺；被损坏:
▪ [VN]
»a badly chipped saucer
破损厉害的碟子
»She chipped one of her front teeth.
她锛了一颗门牙。
▪ [V]
»These plates chip easily.
这些盘子容易破损。
2. [VN +adv. / prep.] to cut or break small pieces off sth with a tool
• 切下,削下,凿下(碎片、屑片):
»Chip away the damaged area.
把损坏的部份凿掉。
»The fossils had been chipped out of the rock.
那些化石已从岩石上被凿了下来。
3. [VN V] (especially in golf and football ( soccer ) 尤指高尔夫球和足球) to hit or kick the ball so that it goes high in the air and then lands within a short distance
• 打(或踢)高球；近穴击球
4. [VN] ~ potatoes (BrE) to cut potatoes into long thin pieces and fry them in deep oil
• 将(土豆等)切条
5. [VN] to put a microchip under the skin of a dog or other animal so that it can be identified if it is lost or stolen
• (为辨认而在狗或其他动物的皮下)植入微芯片【PHR V】
◘ ˌchip a'way at sth
• to keep breaking small pieces off sth
• 不停地削(或凿):
»He was chipping away at the stone.
他不停地凿那块石头。
»(figurative) They chipped away at the power of the government (= gradually made it weaker).
他们不断削弱政府的权力。
◘ ˌchip 'in (with sth) (informal)
1. to join in or interrupt a conversation; to add sth to a conversation or discussion
• 插话；插嘴；(对谈话或讨论进行)补充:
»Pete and Anne chipped in with suggestions.
皮特和安妮插话提出了建议。
▪ [+ speech ]
»'That's different,' she chipped in.
"那可不一样。"她插嘴说道。
2. (also ˌchip 'in sth) to give some money so that a group of people can buy sth together
• 凑份子
【SYN】 contribute :
»If everyone chips in we'll be able to buy her a really nice present.
如果大家都凑钱,我们就能给她买件很好的礼物。
»We each chipped in (with) £5.
我们每人凑了 5 英镑。
◘ ˌchip 'off ◘ | ˌchip sth∽'off
• to damage sth by breaking a small piece off it; to be damaged in this way
• (小块地)损坏,毁坏,剥落,被损坏,被毁坏:
»He chipped off a piece of his tooth.
他锛缺了一点牙齿。
»The paint had chipped off.
油漆已经剥落。
sad∙ness / ˈsædnəs /
◙ noun
1. [U, sing.] the feeling of being sad
• 悲伤；悲痛；难过:
»memories tinged with sadness
略带悲伤的往事
»I felt a deep sadness.
我感到深深的悲痛。
2. [C, usually pl.] something which makes you sad
• 使人悲伤(或难过)的事:
»our joys and sadnesses
我们的欢乐和悲伤
com∙fort / ˈkʌmfət; NAmE -fərt /
◙ noun
1. [U] the state of being physically relaxed and free from pain; the state of having a pleasant life, with everything that you need
• 舒服；安逸；舒适:
»These tennis shoes are designed for comfort and performance.
这些网球鞋的设计穿起来舒服,易于发挥成绩。
»With DVD, you can watch the latest movies in the comfort of your own home.
有了 DVD,你就可以在自己家里舒舒服服地看最新的电影。
»The hotel offers a high standard of comfort and service.
这家旅馆提供高标准的舒适享受和优质服务。
»They had enough money to live in comfort in their old age.
他们有足够的钱舒舒服服地安度晚年。
2. [U] a feeling of not suffering or worrying so much; a feeling of being less unhappy
• 安慰；慰藉；宽慰
【SYN】 consolation :
»to take / draw comfort from sb's words
从某人的话中得到安慰
»I tried to offer a few words of comfort.
我试图说上几句安慰的话。
»The sound of gunfire was too close for comfort.
炮火声太近,让人恐慌不安。
»If it's any comfort to you, I'm in the same situation.
就当是一句安慰的话——我的情况也跟你一样。
»His words were of little comfort in the circumstances.
在这种情况下,他的话起不了什么安慰作用。
»comfort food (= food that makes you feel better)
安慰性食品
3. [sing.] a person or thing that helps you when you are suffering, worried or unhappy
• 令人感到安慰的人(或事物):
»The children have been a great comfort to me through all of this.
在我度过这一切的日子里,孩子们一直是我的一个巨大安慰。
»It's a comfort to know that she is safe.
知道她安然无恙是令人宽慰的事。
--› see also cold comfort
4. [C, usually pl.] a thing that makes your life easier or more comfortable
• 舒适的设施(或条件):
»The hotel has all modern comforts / every modern comfort.
这家旅馆拥有各种现代化的舒适设施。
»material comforts (= money and possessions)
物质上的舒适条件(钱财)
--› see also creature comforts
◙ verb
• to make sb who is worried or unhappy feel better by being kind and sympathetic towards them
• 安慰；抚慰；宽慰:
▪ [VN]
»The victim's widow was today being comforted by family and friends.
受害人的遗孀今天正受到亲属和朋友的安慰。
»She comforted herself with the thought that it would soon be spring.
她想到春天很快就要来临,以此来宽慰自己。
▪ [VN to inf]
»It comforted her to feel his arms around her.
感受到他的拥抱使她得到安慰。
use∙less / ˈju:sləs /
◙ adj.
1. ~ (to do sth) | ~ (doing sth) not useful; not doing or achieving what is needed or wanted
• 无用的；无效的；无价值的:
»This pen is useless.
这支笔没用了。
»He knew it was useless to protest.
他知道抗议是徒劳的。
»It's useless worrying about it.
为这事担心无济于事。
»She tried to work, but it was useless (= she wasn't able to).
她很想做事,但力不从心。
2. ~ (at doing sth) (informal) not very good at sth; not able to do things well
• 差劲的；不行的；不擅长的:
»I'm useless at French.
我的法语不太行。
»Don't ask her to help. She's useless.
别求她帮忙。她没那个能耐。
♦ use∙less∙ly adv.
♦ use∙less∙ness noun [U]
ap∙proxi∙mate∙ly / əˈprɔksimətli; NAmE əˈprɑ:k- /
◙ adv.
• used to show that sth is almost, but not completely, accurate or correct
• 大概；大约；约莫:
»The journey took approximately eight hours.
旅程大约花了七个小时。
skip / skip /
◙ verb (-pp-)
›› MOVE WITH JUMPS 蹦蹦跳跳地走
1. [V , usually +adv. / prep.] to move forwards lightly and quickly making a little jump with each step
• 蹦蹦跳跳地走:
»She skipped happily along beside me.
她连蹦带跳,高高兴兴地跟着我走。
›› JUMP OVER ROPE 跳绳
2. (BrE) (NAmE ˌjump 'rope,ˌskip 'rope) to jump over a rope which is held at both ends by yourself or by ten other people and is passed again and again over your head and under your feet
• 跳绳:
▪ [V]
»The girls were skipping in the playground.
姑娘们在操场上跳绳。
▪ [VN]
»She likes to skip rope as a warm-up.
她喜欢以跳绳来热身。
›› NOT DO STH 不做某事
3. [VN] to not do sth that you usually do or should do
• 不做(应做的事等)；不参加:
»I often skip breakfast altogether.
我常常干脆不吃早饭。
»She decided to skip the afternoon's class.
她决定下午的课不去上了。
4. to leave out sth that would normally be the next thing that you would do, read, etc.
• 跳过(正常的步骤等)；略过；漏过:
▪ [VN]
»You can skip the next chapter if you have covered the topic in class.
下一章,你要是在课堂上已经讲到了,就可以跳过去。
▪ [V]
»I skipped over the last part of the book.
那本书的最后一部份我略过没读。
»I suggest we skip to the last item on the agenda.
我建议我们跳到议程的最后一项。
›› CHANGE QUICKLY 快速转换
5. [V +adv. / prep.] to move from six place to another or from six subject to another very quickly
• 快速转移；骤然转换(话题):
»She kept skipping from six topic of conversation to another.
她一再转换谈话的话题。
›› LEAVE SECRETLY 秘密离去
6. [VN] to leave a place secretly or suddenly
• 悄悄溜走；突然离开:
▪ [VN]
»The bombers skipped the country shortly after the blast.
爆炸后不久,放置炸弹的人就逃离了这个国家。
›› STONES 石块
7. [VN] (BrE also skim) to make a flat stone jump across the surface of water
• 打水漂:
»The boys were skipping stones across the pond.
那几个男孩子用石块往水塘里打水漂。 【IDIOMS】
◘ 'skip it
• (informal) used to tell sb rudely that you do not want to talk about sth or repeat what you have said
• (粗暴地表示不想谈论或重复说)别提这事儿,不说这个了:
»'What were you saying?' 'Oh, skip it!'
"你刚才说什么来着？" "噢,不提了！" 【PHR V】
◘ ˌskip 'off / 'out
• to leave secretly or suddenly
• 溜走；突然离去
◘ ˌskip 'out on sb (NAmE)
• to leave sb, especially when they need you
• (尤指不顾某人而)离开,溜走
◙ noun
›› MOVEMENT 动作
1. a skipping movement
• 蹦跳:
»She gave a skip and a jump and was off down the street.
她一蹦一跳就顺着马路跑了。
›› CONTAINER FOR WASTE 废料箱
2. (BrE) (NAmE Dumpster™) a large open container for putting old bricks, rubbish / garbage, etc. in. The skip is then loaded on a lorry / truck and taken away.
• 废料桶(装工地废料,由卡车拖走)
prop∙er∙ly / ˈprɔpəli; NAme ˈprɑ:pərli /
◙ adv.
1. (especially BrE) in a way that is correct and / or appropriate
• 正确地；适当地:
»How much money do we need to do the job properly?
我们需要多少钱才能做好这件事？
»The television isn't working properly.
这台电视机运作不正常。
»Make sure the letter is properly addressed.
一定要正确书写信上的地址。
2. in a way that is socially or morally acceptable
• 得体地；恰当地；符合习俗地:
»You acted perfectly properly in approaching me first.
你先来找我是完全对的。
»When will these kids learn to behave properly?
这些孩子何时才能学会规矩些？
【OPP】 improperly
3. really; in fact
• 真正地；实际上:
»He had usurped powers that properly belonged to parliament.
他僭越了实际上属于议会的权力。
»The subject is not, properly speaking (= really), a science.
严格地说,这门学科不是科学。
most∙ly / ˈməustli; NAme ˈmou- /
◙ adv.
• mainly; generally
• 主要地；一般地；通常:
»The sauce is mostly cream.
这沙司主要是奶油。
»We're mostly out on Sundays.
我们星期天一般不在家。
sys∙tem / ˈsistəm /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (of / for sth) an organized set of ideas or theories or a particular way of doing sth
• (思想或理论)体系；方法；制度；体制:
»the British educational system
英国的教育制度
»a new system for assessing personal tax bills
新的个人税额估定办法
»a system of government
政体
--› see also binary , metric system
2. [C] a group of things, pieces of equipment, etc. that are connected or work together
• 系统:
»a transport system
运输系统
»heating systems
供热系统
»a stereo system
立体声音响系统
»a security system
保安系统
--› see also ecosystem , expert system , operating system , public address system , solar system
3. [C] a human or an animal body, or a part of it, when it is being thought of as the organs and processes that make it function
• 身体；(器官)系统:
»You have to wait until the drugs have passed out of your system.
你必须等到药物排出体外。
»the male reproductive system
男性生殖系统
--› see also central nervous system , digestive system , immune system
4. the system [sing.] (informal, usually disapproving) the rules or people that control a country or an organization, especially when they seem to be unfair because you cannot change them
• (尤指不公正的统治或管理)制度,体系,集团:
»You can't beat the system (= you must accept it).
你斗不过现行的体制。
»young people rebelling against the system
反抗现行体制的年轻人 【IDIOMS】
◘ get sth out of your 'system
•(informal) to do sth so that you no longer feel a very strong emotion or have a strong desire
• 宣泄,排解,消解(强烈的感情或欲望):
»I was very angry with him, but now I feel I've got it out of my system.
我当时很生他的气,不过现在我感觉气已经消了。
skin / skin /
◙ noun
›› ON BODY 身体
1. [U, C] the layer of tissue that covers the body
• 皮；皮肤:
»to have dark / fair / olive, etc. skin
皮肤黝黑、白?、浅褐色等
»The snake sheds its skin once a year.
蛇一年蜕一次皮。
»cosmetics for sensitive skins
过敏性皮肤适用的化妆品
»skin cancer
皮肤癌
--› see also foreskin , redskin
›› -SKINNED 有…皮肤
2. (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the type of skin mentioned
• …皮肤的:
»dark-skinned
深色皮肤的
»fair-skinned
白?皮肤的
--› see also thick-skinned , thin-skinned
›› OF DEAD ANIMAL 死兽
3. [C, U] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) the skin of a dead animal with or without its fur, used for making leather, etc.
• (兽)皮；毛皮；皮张:
»The skins are removed and laid out to dry.
皮剥下来,摊开晾干。
»a tiger skin rug
虎皮毯
›› OF FRUIT / VEGETABLES 水果；蔬菜
4. [C, U] the outer layer of some fruit and vegetables
• 皮；壳:
»Remove the skins by soaking the tomatoes in hot water.
把西红柿放在热水里烫一下去皮。
--› see also banana skin
--› compare peel n. (1), rind (1), zest (3)
›› OF SAUSAGE 香肠
5. [C, U] the thin outer layer of a sausage
• 外皮；肠衣:
»Prick the skins before grilling.
烤前先在肠衣上扎孔。
›› ON LIQUIDS 液体
6. [C, U] the thin layer that forms on the surface of some liquids, especially when they become cold
• (尤指冷却时形成的)薄层,皮:
»A skin had formed on the top of the milk.
奶上结了一层奶皮。
›› OUTSIDE LAYER 外壳
7. [C] a layer that covers the outside of sth
• 外壳；外层:
»the outer skin of the earth
地壳
»the metal skin of the aircraft
飞机的金属外壳 【IDIOMS】
◘ by the ˌskin of your 'teeth
•(informal) if you do sth by the skin of your teeth, you only just manage to do it
• 刚好；勉强
◘ get under sb's 'skin
•(informal) to annoy sb
• 惹某人生气(或恼火):
»Don't let him get under your skin.
别让他惹你生气。
◘ have got sb under your 'skin
•(informal) to be extremely attracted to sb
• 极其迷恋；被某人深深打动
◘ it's no skin off 'my, 'your, 'his, etc. nose
• (informal) used to say that sb is not upset or annoyed about sth because it does not affect them in a bad way
• (指某人没有受到不良影响)这不关某人的事,这跟某人没关系
◘ make your 'skin crawl
• to make you feel afraid or full of disgust
• 使人毛骨悚然；让人起鸡皮疙瘩
◘ (nothing but / all / only) skin and 'bone
•(informal) extremely thin in a way that is not attractive or healthy
• 瘦得皮包骨；瘦骨嶙峋
--› more at jump v., save v., thick adj., thin adj.
◙ verb
(-nn-)
▪ [VN]
›› ANIMAL / FRUIT / VEGETABLE 动物；水果；蔬菜
1. to take the skin off an animal, a fruit or a vegetable
• 剥皮；扒皮；削皮:
»You'll need five ripe tomatoes, skinned and chopped.
需要四个熟了的西红柿,去皮切碎。
›› PART OF BODY 身体部位
2. to rub the skin off part of your body by accident
• 擦破(身体某部位的)皮肤:
»He skinned his knees climbing down the tree.
他从树上爬下来时把膝盖蹭破了。
--› more at eye n., way n. 【PHR V】
◘ ˌskin 'up (BrE, informal)
• to make a cigarette containing marijuana
• 用大麻做纸烟
count / kaunt /
◙ verb
›› SAY NUMBERS 数数
1. [V] ~ (from sth) (to / up to sth) to say numbers in the correct order
• (按顺序)数数:
»Billy can't count yet.
比利还不会数数。
»She can count up to 10 in Italian.
她可以用意大利语数到 10。
»to count from 1 to 10
从 1 数到 10
›› FIND TOTAL 得到总数
2. ~ (sth) (up) to calculate the total number of people, things, etc. in a particular group
• 计算(或清点)总数:
▪ [VN]
»The diet is based on counting calories.
这个饮食安排以计算出的总卡热量为根据。
▪ [V wh-]
»She began to count up how many guests they had to invite.
她开始计算他们得邀请多少位客人。
▪ [V]
»There are 12 weeks to go, counting from today.
从今天算起还有 12 个星期。
›› INCLUDE 包括
3. [VN] to include sb / sth when you calculate a total
• 把…算入；包括:
»We have invited 50 people, not counting the children.
不算小孩,我们邀请了 50 人。
›› MATTER 有重要性
4. [V] ~ (for sth) (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to be important
• 重要
【SYN】 matter :
»Every point in this game counts.
这场比赛每一分都很重要。
»The fact that she had apologized counted for nothing with him.
她已道歉,但他认为这是没有用的。
»It's the thought that counts (= used about a small but kind action or gift).
贵在心意。
›› ACCEPT OFFICIALLY 正式接纳
5. to be officially accepted; to accept sth officially
• (被)正式接纳,正式认可:
▪ [V]
»Don't go over that line or your throw won't count.
别越过那条线,否则你的投掷就会被判无效。
▪ [VN]
»Applications received after 1 July will not be counted.
* 7 月 1 日以后收到的申请书将不予受理。
›› CONSIDER 认为
6. ~ sb / sth (as) sb / sth | ~ as sb / sth to consider sb / sth in a particular way; to be considered in a particular way
• 认为；看作；算作；被视为
▪ [V VN]
»For tax purposes that money counts / is counted as income.
那笔钱算作收入,需要纳税。
▪ [VN]
»I count him among my closest friends.
我把他看作我一个最亲密的朋友。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
»I count myself lucky to have known him.
和他相识,我觉得很幸运。
▪ [VN-N]
»She counts herself one of the lucky ones.
她认为自己是一个幸运者。 【IDIOMS】
◘ be able to count sb / sth on (the fingers of) one 'hand
• used to say that the total number of sb / sth is very small
• 屈指可数；寥寥无几
◘ ...and 'counting
• used to say that a total is continuing to increase
• (总数)仍在继续增加:
»The movie's ticket sales add up to $39 million, and counting.
这部电影的票房共 3 900 万元,还在继续上升。
◘ count your 'blessings
• to be grateful for the good things in your life
• 知足
◘ don't count your 'chickens (before they are 'hatched)
•(saying) you should not be too confident that sth will be successful, because sth may still go wrong
• 不要蛋未孵化先数小鸡；别过早打如意算盘
◘ count the cost (of sth)
• to feel the bad effects of a mistake, an accident, etc.
• 感受(错误、事故等造成的)不利后果:
»The town is now counting the cost of its failure to provide adequate flood protection.
这个镇未采取充分的防洪措施,现在尝到苦头了。
◘ count 'sheep
• to imagine that sheep are jumping over a fence and to count them, as a way of getting to sleep
• 数(假想中跳出栅栏的)羊以求入睡
◘ stand up and be 'counted
• to say publicly that you support sb or you agree with sth
• 公开表示支持(或赞同)
◘ who's 'counting?
• (informal) used to say that you do not care how many times sth happens
• (表示不管发生多少次)谁在乎呢,管它呢【PHR V】
◘ ˌcount a'gainst sb ◘ | ˌcount sth a'gainst sb
• to be considered or to consider sth as a disadvantage in sb
• (被)认为对某人不利:
»For that job her lack of experience may count against her.
她缺乏经验可能对她申请那份工作不利。
◘ ˌcount 'down (to sth)
• to think about a future event with pleasure or excitement and count the minutes, days, etc. until it happens
• 倒计时:
»She's already counting down to the big day.
她已经在对这一重大日子倒计时了。
--› related noun countdown
◘ ˌcount sb 'in
• to include sb in an activity
• 把某人算入；包括:
»I hear you're organizing a trip to the game next week? Count me in!
我听说你们将在下周组织旅行去看比赛？把我也算上！
◘ 'count on sb / sth
• to trust sb to do sth or to be sure that sth will happen
• 依赖,依靠,指望(某人做某事)；确信(某事会发生)
【SYN】 bank on sth :
»'I'm sure he'll help.' ' Don't count on it.'
"我肯定他会帮忙的。" "那可靠不住。"
▪ [+ to inf ]
»I'm counting on you to help me.
我就靠你帮我啦。
▪ [+ -ing ]
»Few people can count on having a job for life.
几乎没有人能指望一辈子都干一个工作。
»We can't count on this warm weather lasting.
我们不能指望这暖和的天气会持久。
--› note at trust
◘ ˌcount sb / sth∽'out
• to count things one after the other as you put them somewhere
• (放置东西时)逐一地数:
»She counted out $70 in $10 bills.
她数了 70 元钱,都是 10 元一张的。
◘ ˌcount sb 'out
• to not include sb in an activity
• 不把某人算入；不包括:
»If you're going out tonight you'll have to count me out.
假如你们今晚要出去,就别把我算在内。
◘ ˌcount to'wards / to'ward sth
• to be included as part of sth that you hope to achieve in the future
• 被包括在内(成为将来所得的一部份):
»Students gain college credits which count towards their degree.
学生获得的学分将计入其学位积分。
◙ noun
›› TOTAL 总数
1. [usually sing.] an act of counting to find the total number of sth; the total number that you find
• 数出总数；总数:
»The bus driver did a quick count of the empty seats.
公共汽车司机很快地数了数空位。
»If the election result is close, there will be a second count.
如果选举结果很接近,将进行第二次计票。
»The body count (= the total number of people who have died) stands at 24.
死亡人数总计为 24 人。
--› see also headcount
›› SAYING NUMBERS 数数
2. [usually sing.] an act of saying numbers in order beginning with 1
• (按顺序的)数数,点数:
»Raise your leg and hold for a count of ten.
抬起一条腿,保持这一姿势,直至数到十。
»He was knocked to the ground and stayed down for a count of eight (= in boxing).
他被击倒在地,躺在地上直至数到八(拳击用语)。
›› MEASUREMENT 度量
3. [usually sing.] (technical 术语) a measurement of the amount of sth contained in a particular substance or area
• (某物质在某物或面积中)量的计数:
»a raised white blood cell count
增高的白血球计数
--› see also blood count , pollen count
›› CRIME 罪行
4. (law 律) a crime that sb is accused of committing
• (被指控的)罪状,事项:
»They were found guilty on all counts.
他们被判各项罪名成立。
»She appeared in court on three counts of fraud.
她因三项诈骗罪而出庭受审。
›› IN DISCUSSION / ARGUMENT 讨论；争论
5. [usually pl.] a point made during a discussion or an argument
• (讨论或争论的)论点,观点,问题,事项:
»I disagree with you on both counts.
我对你的两个观点均不敢苟同。
›› RANK / TITLE 等级；头衔
6. (in some European countries) a nobleman of high rank, similar to an earl in Britain
• 伯爵(欧洲一些国家相当于英国 earl 的贵族封号):
»Count Tolstoy
托尔斯泰伯爵
--› see also countess
◘ at the last 'count
• according to the latest information about the numbers of sth
• 根据有关…数字的最新消息:
»She'd applied for 30 jobs at the last count.
根据有关的最新消息她申请过 30 个职位。
◘ keep (a) count (of sth)
• to remember or keep a record of numbers or amounts of sth over a period of time
• (在一段时期内)记得数目,数得清,记录:
»Keep a count of your calorie intake for one week.
把你一星期的热卡摄入量记录下来。
◘ lose count (of sth)
• to forget the total of sth before you have finished counting it
• 数不清:
»I lost count and had to start again.
我数着数着忘了,不得不又从头开始数。
»She had lost count of the number of times she'd told him to be careful (= she could not remember because there were so many).
她不知多少次告诉过他要小心。
◘ ˌout for the 'count
(BrE) (NAmE ˌdown for the 'count)
1. (of a boxer 拳击手) unable to get up again within ten seconds after being knocked down
• (被击倒后的十秒钟以内)无法再站立起来
2. in a deep sleep
• 熟睡；酣睡
peace∙ful / ˈpi:sfl /
◙ adj.
1. not involving a war, violence or argument
• 不诉诸战争(或暴力、争论)的；和平的:
»a peaceful protest / demonstration / solution
和平抗议/示威/解决办法
»They hope for a peaceful settlement of the dispute.
他们希望和平解决争端。
2. quiet and calm; not worried or disturbed in any way
• 安静的；平静的
【SYN】 tranquil :
»a peaceful atmosphere
宁静的气氛
»peaceful sleep
安静的睡眠
»It's so peaceful out here in the country.
这里的郊外一切都是那么宁静。
»He had a peaceful life.
他过着平静的生活。
3. trying to create peace or to live in peace; not liking violence or disagreement
• 爱好和平的；和睦的；寻求和平的
【SYN】 peaceable :
»a peaceful society
和谐的社会
»The aims of the organization are wholly peaceful.
这个组织的宗旨完全是追求和平。
♦ peace∙ful∙ly / -fəli / adv.:
»The siege has ended peacefully.
围城已经和平地结束了。
»The baby slept peacefully.
婴儿睡得很安稳。
♦ peace∙ful∙ness noun [U]
--› note at peace
con∙cen∙trate / ˈkɔnsntreit; NAmE ˈkɑ:n- /
◙ verb
1. ~ (sth) (on sth / on doing sth) to give all your attention to sth and not think about anything else
• 集中(注意力)；聚精会神:
▪ [V]
»I can't concentrate with all that noise going on.
吵闹声不绝于耳,我无法集中精神。
▪ [VN]
»Nothing concentrates the mind better than the knowledge that you could die tomorrow (= it makes you think very clearly).
没有什么比知道自己明天就可能会死去更能让人定下心来去思考种种问题的了。
»I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live.
我决定全力以赴找个住的地方。
2. [VN +adv. / prep.] to bring sth together in six place
• 使…集中(或集合、聚集):
»Power is largely concentrated in the hands of a small elite.
权力主要集中在少数精英人物的手里。
»We need to concentrate resources on the most run-down areas.
我们需要把资源集中用于最衰败的地区。
»Fighting was concentrated around the towns to the north.
战斗集中在北方诸城镇的周围进行。
3. [VN] (technical 术语) to increase the strength of a substance by reducing its volume, for example by boiling it
• (使)浓缩
【SYN】 reduce 【PHR V】
◘ 'concentrate on sth
• to spend more time doing six particular thing than others
• 集中时间做某事:
»In this lecture I shall concentrate on the early years of Charles's reign.
这一节课我将着重讲查理王朝的早期统治时期。
◙ noun [C, U]
• a substance that is made stronger because water or other substances have been removed
• 浓缩物:
»mineral concentrates found at the bottom of rivers
在河底发现的精矿
»jams made with fruit juice concentrate
用浓缩果汁做的果酱
amount / əˈmaunt /
◙ noun [C, U]
1. a sum of money
• 金额:
»The insurance company will refund any amount due to you.
保险公司将赔偿你应得的所有款项。
»You will receive a bill for the full amount.
你将收到一张全部金额的账单。
2. ~ (of sth) (used especially with uncountable nouns 尤与不可数名词连用) a quantity of sth
• 数量；数额:
»an amount of time / money / information
一段时间；一笔钱；一些信息
»We've had an enormous amount of help from people.
我们得到了人们大力帮助。
»The server is designed to store huge amounts of data.
该服务器是为存贮大量数据设计的。 【IDIOMS】
◘ any amount of sth
• a large quantity of sth
• 大量:
»There's been any amount of research into the subject.
对这个课题已进行了大量研究。
◘ no amount of sth
• used for saying that sth will have no effect
• 即使再多(或再大)(也不):
»No amount of encouragement would make him jump into the pool.
再怎样鼓励,他也不肯往游泳池里跳。
◙ verb
【PHR V】
◘ a'mount to sth
1. to add up to sth; to make sth as a total
• 总计；共计:
»His earnings are said to amount to £300 000 per annum.
据说他每年的酬金高达 30 万英镑。
»They gave me some help in the beginning but it did not amount to much (= they did not give me much help).
起初他们给了我一些帮助,但帮助不大。
2. to be equal to or the same as sth
• 等于；相当于:
»Her answer amounted to a complete refusal.
她的答覆等于完全拒绝。
»Their actions amount to a breach of contract.
他们的行为已属违反合同。
»It'll cost a lot—well, take a lot of time, but it amounts to the same thing.
付出会很多——哦,得花大量时间,不过反正都是一回事。
loss / lɔs; NAme lɔ:s /
◙ noun
1. [U, C, usually sing.] the state of no longer having sth or as much of sth; the process that leads to this
• 丧失；损失；丢失:
»I want to report the loss of a package.
我要报告丢失了一个包裹。
»loss of blood
失血
»weight loss
体重减少
»The closure of the factory will lead to a number of job losses.
工厂倒闭会使许多人失业。
»When she died I was filled with a sense of loss.
她去世后我心里充满了失落感。
»loss of earnings (= the money you do not earn because you are prevented from working)
收入损失
2. [C] money that has been lost by a business or an organization
• 亏损；亏蚀:
»The company has announced net losses of $1.5 million.
公司宣告净亏损 150 万元。
»We made a loss on (= lost money on) the deal.
我们做那笔交易亏了。
»We are now operating at a loss.
我们现在是亏本经营。
【OPP】 profit
3. [C, U] the death of a person
• 去世；逝世:
»The loss of his wife was a great blow to him.
他妻子去世对他是个巨大的打击。
»Enemy troops suffered heavy losses.
敌军伤亡惨重。
»The drought has led to widespread loss of life.
旱灾导致了许多人的死亡。
4. [sing.] the disadvantage that is caused when sb leaves or when a useful or valuable object is taken away; a person who causes a disadvantage by leaving
• (某人离开或珍贵物品被取走造成的)损失；因离去而造成损失者:
»Her departure is a big loss to the school.
她这一走对学校来说是一个巨大的损失。
»She will be a great loss to the school.
她这一走对学校来说将是一个巨大的损失。
»If he isn't prepared to accept this money, then that's his loss.
如果他不打算接受这笔钱,那他就亏了。
--› see also dead loss
5. [C] a failure to win a contest
• 失败；输；失利:
»Brazil's 2–1 loss to Argentina
巴西对阿根廷 1:2 的落败 【IDIOMS】
◘ at a 'loss
• not knowing what to say or do
• 不知所措；困惑:
»His comments left me at a loss for words.
他的评论让我不知说什么才好。
»I'm at a loss what to do next.
我对下一步做什么心里没谱。
◘ cut your 'losses
• to stop doing sth that is not successful before the situation becomes even worse
• 不成功就住手(免得情况更糟)；趁早罢手
gain / ɡein /
◙ verb
›› OBTAIN / WIN 获得；赢得
1. to obtain or win sth, especially sth that you need or want
• 获得；赢得；博得；取得:
▪ [VN]
»to gain entrance / entry / access to sth
得以进入/接近某物
»The country gained its independence two years ago.
这个国家十年前就赢得了独立。
»The party gained over 50% of the vote.
该党获得超过 50% 的选票。
▪ [VNN]
»Her unusual talent gained her worldwide recognition.
她非凡的才能举世公认。
2. ~ (sth) (by / from sth) to obtain an advantage or benefit from sth or from doing sth
• (从…中)受益,获益；得到(好处):
▪ [VN]
»There is nothing to be gained from delaying the decision.
推迟决定得不到任何好处。
▪ [V]
»Who stands to gain from this decision?
谁会从这一决定中受益呢？
›› GET MORE 增加
3. [VN] to gradually get more of sth
• 增加；增添；增进；增长:
»to gain confidence / strength / experience
增加信心/力量/经验
»I've gained weight recently.
最近我的体重增加了。
【OPP】 lose
›› OF WATCH / CLOCK 钟表
4. to go too fast
• 走得太快；快:
▪ [VN]
»My watch gains ten minutes every 24 hours.
我的表每 24 小时快两分钟。
▪ [also V]
【OPP】 lose
›› OF CURRENCIES / SHARES 货币；股票
5. ~ (against sth) to increase in value
• 增值；升值:
▪ [VN]
»The shares gained 14p to 262p.
股价上升了 14 便士,到 262 便士。
▪ [V]
»The euro gained against the dollar again today.
今天欧元兑换美元的汇率又上升了。
›› REACH PLACE 到达某地
6. [VN] (formal) to reach a place, usually after a lot of effort
• (经过努力)到达:
»At last she gained the shelter of the forest.
她终于到达了森林中的隐蔽处。 【IDIOMS】
◘ gain 'ground
• to become more powerful or successful
• 变得更强大(或更有成效、更成功)；有进步；获得进展:
»Sterling continues to gain ground against the dollar.
英镑对美元的比价继续坚挺。
◘ gain 'time
• to delay sth so that you can have more time to make a decision, deal with a problem, etc.
• (通过拖延)赢得时间
--› more at venture v. 【PHR V】
◘ 'gain in sth
• to get more of a particular quality
• 增加；增长:
»to gain in confidence
增加信心
»His books have gained in popularity in recent years.
近年来他的书越来越受欢迎。
◘ 'gain on sb / sth
• to get closer to sb / sth that you are chasing
• 接近,逼近(所追逐的人或物)
◙ noun
›› INCREASE 增加
1. [C, U] an increase in the amount of sth, especially in wealth or weight
• (尤指财富、重量的)增值,增加:
»a £3 000 gain from our investment
从我们的投资中获取的 3 000 英镑的收益
»Regular exercise helps prevent weight gain.
经常锻炼有助于防止体重增加。
›› ADVANTAGE 好处
2. [C] an advantage or improvement
• 好处；利益；改进:
»efficiency gains
效率提高
»These policies have resulted in great gains in public health.
这些政策使公共衞生得到极大改进。
»Our loss is their gain.
我们之所失即他们之所得。
【OPP】 loss
›› PROFIT 利润
3. [U] (often disapproving) financial profit
• 利润；经济收益:
»He only seems to be interested in personal gain.
他似乎只在乎个人的收益。
»It's amazing what some people will do for gain.
有的人为一己之利而干出的事令人惊讶。
--› more at pain n.