m2u1
tale / teil /
◙ noun
1. a story created using the imagination, especially six that is full of action and adventure
• (尤指充满惊险的)故事；历险记:
 »Dickens' 'A Tale of Two Cities'
  狄更斯的《双城记》
 »a fairy / moral / romantic, etc. tale
  童话、寓言、爱情故事等
--› see also folk tale
2. an exciting spoken description of an event, which may not be completely true
• (精彩但不一定完全真实的)讲述,敍述:
 »I love listening to his tales of life at sea.
  我喜欢听他讲述他的海上生活。
 »I've heard tales of people seeing ghosts in that house.
  我听说有人在那栋房子里见到过鬼。
 »The team's tale of woe continued on Saturday (= they lost another match).
  上星期六这支队又遭败绩。
 »Her experiences provide a cautionary tale (= a warning) for us all.
  她的经历成了我们大家的前车之鉴。
--› see also telltale
【IDIOMS】
--› see old , tell
un∙ex∙plained / ˌʌnikˈspleind /
◙ adj.
• for which the reason or cause is not known; that has not been explained
• 原因不详的；未解释的；未说明的:
 »an unexplained mystery
  解释不清的奥妙
 »He died in unexplained circumstances.
  他死因不明。
puz∙zled / ˈpʌzld /
◙ adj.
• unable to understand sth or the reason for sth
• 困惑的；迷惑不解的
【SYN】 baffled :
 »She had a puzzled look on her face.
  她满面迷惑的表情。
 »Scientists are puzzled as to why the whale had swum to the shore.
  科学家们感到不解:为什么这头鲸游到海岸上来。
 »He looked puzzled so I repeated the question.
  他好像没听懂,于是我把问题又重复了一遍。
in∙ci∙dent / ˈinsidənt /
◙ noun
1. [C] something that happens, especially sth unusual or unpleasant
• 发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的):
 »His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident.
  他的不良行为只是个别事件。
 »One particular incident sticks in my mind.
  有一件事我总忘不了。
2. [C, U] a serious or violent event, such as a crime, an accident or an attack
• 严重事件,暴力事件(如犯罪、事故、袭击等):
 »There was a shooting incident near here last night.
  昨夜这附近发生了枪击事件。
 »The demonstration passed off without incident.
  这次示威平静地结束了。
3. [C] a disagreement between ten countries, often involving military forces
• (两国间的)摩擦,冲突；(常指)军事冲突:
 »a border / diplomatic incident
  边境/外交冲突
due / dju:; NAmE du: /
◙ adj.
›› CAUSED BY 由于
1. [not before noun] ~ to sth / sb caused by sb / sth; because of sb / sth
• 由于；因为:
 »The team's success was largely due to her efforts.
  这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果。
 »Most of the problems were due to human error.
  多数问题都是人为错误造成的。
 »The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding.
  这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不放弃。
【HELP】Some people think that it is more correct to use owing to to mean 'because of' after a verb or at the beginning of a clause, as due is an adjective.
• 有人认为在动词之后或从句之首用 owing to 表示"因为"更合适,因为 due 是形容词。

›› EXPECTED 预期
2. [not before noun] ~ (to do sth) | ~ (for sth) arranged or expected
• 预定；预期；预计:
 »When's the baby due?
  宝宝什么时候出世？
 »Rose is due to start school in January.
  罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。
 »The band's first album is due for release later this month.
  这个乐队的第一套唱片预定在本月下旬发行。
 »The next train is due in five minutes.
  下一班火车预定在五分钟后抵达。
 »(especially NAmE) My essay's due next Friday (= it has to be given to the teacher by then).
  我的论文下周五必须交。
›› OWED 欠款
3. [not usually before noun] when a sum of money is due, it must be paid immediately
• 到期:
 »Payment is due on 1 October.
  付款期限为 10 月 1 日。
4. [not before noun] ~ (to sb) owed to sb as a debt, because it is their right or because they have done sth to deserve it
• 应支付；应给予；应归于:
 »Have they been paid the money that is due to them?
  他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？
 »Our thanks are due to the whole team.
  我们要向全队致谢。
5. [not before noun] ~ (for) sth owed sth; deserving sth
• 应有；应得到:
 »I'm still due 15 day's leave.
  我还应有 15 天的休假。
 »She's due for promotion soon.
  她很快该晋升了。
›› SUITABLE / RIGHT 适当；合适
6. [only before noun] (formal) that is suitable or right in the circumstances
• 适当的；恰当的；合适的:
 »After due consideration, we have decided to appoint Mr Davis to the job.
  经过充分考虑之后,我们决定委任戴维斯先生负责这项工作。
 »to make due allowance for sth
  适当考虑某事
 »(BrE) He was charged with driving without due care and attention.
  他被控鲁莽驾驶。
--› compare undue
【IDIOMS】
◘ in ˌdue 'course
• at the right time and not before
• 在适当的时候；到一定的时候:
 »Your request will be dealt with in due course.
  你的要求将在适当的时候予以处理。
--› more at respect n.
◙ noun
1. your / sb's ~ [U] a thing that should be given to sb by right
• 应有的权利；应得到的东西:
 »He received a large reward, which was no more than his due (= than what he deserved).
  他得到重赏,这也是他应该得到的。
 »She's a slow worker, but to give her her due (= to be fair to her), she does try very hard.
  她做事很慢,但说句公道话,她确实很尽力。
2. dues [pl.] charges, for example to be a member of a club
• 应缴款(如俱乐部会费):
 »to pay your dues
  交你的会费
--› note at rate
◙ adv.
• ~ north / south / east / west exactly; in a straight line
• 正向；正对着:
 »to sail due east
  向正东航行
 »The village lies five miles due north of York.
  这个村庄位于约克正北五英里处。
duel / ˈdju:əl; NAmE ˈdu:əl /
◙ noun
1. a formal fight with weapons between two people, used in the past to settle a disagreement, especially over a matter of honour
• 决斗:
 »to fight / win a duel
  进行/赢得决斗
 »to challenge sb to a duel
  向某人挑战要求决斗
2. a competition or struggle between two people or groups
• (双方的)竞争,斗争:
 »a verbal duel
  舌战
♦ duel verb (-ll-, NAmE -l-) :
▪ [V]
 »The two men duelled to the death.
  两个男人双双在决斗中丧命。
alien / ˈeiliən /
◙ adj.
1. ~ (to sb / sth) strange and frightening; different from what you are used to
• 陌生的；不熟悉
【SYN】 hostile :
 »an alien environment
  陌生的环境
 »In a world that had suddenly become alien and dangerous, he was her only security.
  在一个突然变得陌生而危险的世界里,他是她唯一的守护神。
2. (often disapproving) from another country or society; foreign
• 外国的；异域的:
 »an alien culture
  异族文化
3. ~ to sb / sth (disapproving) not usual or acceptable
• 不相容；相抵触；格格不入:
 »The idea is alien to our religion.
  这种思想与我们的宗教不相容。
 »Cruelty was quite alien to him.
  他绝无残忍之心。
4. connected with creatures from another world
• 外星的:
 »alien beings from outer space
  外星人
◙ noun
1. (NAmE also ˌnon-'citizen) (law 律 or technical 术语) a person who is not a citizen of the country in which they live or work
• 外国人；外侨:
 »an illegal alien
  非法外侨
--› compare resident alien
2. a creature from another world
• 外星人:
 »aliens from outer space
  外星人
dis∙ap∙pear / ˌdisəˈpiə(r); NAmE -ˈpir /
◙ verb [V]
1. [often +adv. / prep.] to become impossible to see
• 消失；不见
【SYN】 vanish :
 »The plane disappeared behind a cloud.
  飞机消失在云层里。
 »Lisa watched until the train disappeared from view.
  莉萨一直看着火车从视线中消失。
2. to stop existing
• 不复存在；灭绝；消亡
【SYN】 vanish :
 »Her nervousness quickly disappeared once she was on stage.
  她一走上台紧张情绪便迅速消失了。
 »The problem won't just disappear.
  这个问题不会就这样不了了之的。
 »Our countryside is disappearing at an alarming rate.
  我们的农村地区正在以惊人的速度消亡。
3. to be lost or impossible to find
• 失踪；丢失
【SYN】 vanish :
 »I can never find a pen in this house. They disappear as soon as I buy them.
  我在家里从来找不到一支笔。每次我一买来就不翼而飞。
 »The child disappeared from his home some time after four.
  这孩子四点多的时候就离家不见了。
♦ dis∙ap∙pear∙ance / -ˈpiərəns; NAmE -ˈpir- / noun [U, C] :
 »the disappearance of many species of plants and animals from our planet
  许多动植物物种从我们这颗行星上的消失
 »Police are investigating the disappearance of a young woman.
  警方正在调查一位年轻女子的失踪案。
【IDIOMS】
--› see act n., face n.
wit∙ness / ˈwitnəs /
◙ noun
›› PERSON WHO SEES STH 目睹者
1. (also eye∙wit∙ness) [C] a person who sees sth happen and is able to describe it to other people
• 目击者；见证人:
 »Police have appealed for witnesses to the accident.
  警方呼吁这起事故的目击者出来作证。
 »a witness to the killing
  杀人案的目击证人
›› IN COURT 法庭上
2. [C] a person who gives evidence in court
• 证人:
 »a defence / prosecution witness
  被告的/原告的证人
 »to appear as (a) witness for the defence / prosecution
  出庭为被告/原告作证
›› OF SIGNATURE 签名
3. [C] a person who is present when an official document is signed and who also signs it to prove that they saw this happen
• 见证人；连署人:
 »He was one of the witnesses at our wedding.
  他是我们婚礼的见证人之一。
›› OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS 宗教信仰
4. [U] evidence of a person's strong religious beliefs, that they show by what they say and do in public
• 见证(以言行证实信仰)
--› see also 's Witness">Jehovah's Witness
【IDIOMS】
◘ be (a) 'witness to sth
1. (formal) to see sth take place
• 目击,看见(某事发生):
 »He has been witness to a terrible murder.
  他目击了一起残忍的凶杀事件。
2. to show that sth is true; to provide evidence for sth
• 证明…真实；为…提供证据:
 »His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
  他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。
◘ bear / give 'witness (to sth)
• to provide evidence of the truth of sth
• 为…作证；证明
◙ verb
›› SEE STH 看到
1. [VN] to see sth happen (typically a crime or an accident)
• 当场看到,目击(尤指罪行或事故):
 »She was shocked by the violent scenes she had witnessed.
  她被亲眼目睹的暴虐场面惊呆了。
 »Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.
  警方呼吁凡是目击这一事故的人与他们联系。
 »We are now witnessing an unprecedented increase in violent crime.
  我们现在亲眼看到暴力犯罪空前增多。
--› note at notice
›› OF TIME / PLACE 时间；地点
2. [VN] to be the place, period, organization, etc. in which particular events take place
• 是发生…的地点(或时间、组织等)；见证:
 »Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility.
  近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。
 »The retail trade is witnessing a sharp fall in sales.
  零售业的销售额在急剧下降。
›› SIGNATURE 签署
3. [VN] to be present when an official document is signed and sign it yourself to prove that you saw this happen
• (为正式文件的签署)作证,连署:
 »to witness a signature
  为签署作证
›› BE SIGN / PROOF 迹象；证据
4. ~ (to sth) [usually passive] to be a sign or proof of sth
• 是…的迹象；为…的证据:
▪ [VN]
 »There has been increasing interest in her life and work, as witnessed by the publication of two new biographies.
  从两部新传记的出版可以看出,人们对她的生活和工作越来越感兴趣。
▪ [V]
 »The huge attendance figures for the exhibition witness to a healthy interest in modern art.
  从展览会参观人数之多可以看出,人们对现代艺术具有浓厚兴趣。
5. [VN] (formal) used when giving an example that proves sth you have just said
• (摆证据)就是证据,看…就知道:
 »Authentic Italian cooking is very healthy—witness the low incidence of heart disease in Italy.
  正宗的意大利烹饪对健康非常有益,在意大利心脏病发病率低就是证据。
›› TO RELIGIOUS BELIEFS 宗教信仰
6. [V] ~ (to sth) (especially NAmE) to speak to people about your strong religious beliefs
• (为宗教信仰)做见证
【SYN】 testify
space∙ship / ˈspeisʃip /
◙ noun
• a vehicle that travels in space, carrying people
• 宇宙飞船； 太空船
crea∙ture / ˈkri:tʃə(r) /
◙ noun
1. a living thing, real or imaginary, that can move around, such as an animal
• 生物；动物:
 »The dormouse is a shy, nocturnal creature.
  榛睡鼠是一种在夜间活动的胆小动物。
 »respect for all living creatures
  对所有有生命物的尊重
 »strange creatures from outer space
  来自外层空间的怪物
2. (especially following an adjective 尤置于形容词后) a person, considered in a particular way
• (具有某种特征的)人:
 »You pathetic creature!
  你这可怜的家伙！
 »She was an exotic creature with long red hair and brilliant green eyes.
  她长着红色长发、明亮碧眼,是个少见的大美人。
 »He always goes to bed at ten—he's a creature of habit (= he likes to do the same things at the same time every day).
  他总在十点钟上牀睡觉,是个严守生活习惯的人。
【IDIOMS】
◘ a / the creature of sb | ◘ sb's creature
•(formal, disapproving) a person or thing that depends completely on sb else and is controlled by them
• 傀儡
flash / flæʃ /
◙ verb
›› SHINE BRIGHTLY 照耀
1. to shine very brightly for a short time; to make sth shine in this way
• (使)闪耀,闪光:
▪ [V]
 »Lightning flashed in the distance.
  远处电光闪闪。
 »A neon sign flashed on and off above the door.
  门上方霓虹灯忽明忽暗地闪烁着。
 »the flashing blue lights of a police car
  警车闪烁的蓝灯
▪ [VN]
 »The guide flashed a light into the cave.
  导游用手电筒照射洞穴。
›› GIVE SIGNAL 发出信号
2. ~ (sth) (at sb) | ~ sb (sth) to use a light to give sb a signal
• 用光发出信号
▪ [VN VNN]
 »Red lights flashed a warning at them.
  红灯闪亮向他们发出警告。
 »Red lights flashed them a warning.
  红灯闪亮向他们发出警告。
▪ [VN]
 »Why is that driver flashing his lights at us?
  为什么那个司机向我们闪着车灯？
›› SHOW QUICKLY 快速显示
3. [VN] to show sth to sb quickly
• (快速地)出示,显示:
 »He flashed his pass at the security officer.
  他向保安官员亮了一下通行证。
›› MOVE QUICKLY 快速移动
4. [V +adv. / prep.] to move or pass very quickly
• 飞速运动；掠过:
 »The countryside flashed past the train windows.
  乡村景色从火车窗外飞掠而过。
 »A look of terror flashed across his face.
  他脸上掠过惊恐的神色。
›› OF THOUGHTS / MEMORIES 思想；记忆
5. [V +adv. / prep.] to come into your mind suddenly
• 突然想到；猛然想起:
 »A terrible thought flashed through my mind.
  一个可怕的想法闪过我的脑海。
›› ON SCREEN 屏幕
6. [+adv. / prep.] ~ (sth) (up) to appear on a television screen, computer screen, etc. for a short time; to make sth do this
• (使)闪现,映出,显示:
▪ [V]
 »A message was flashing on his pager.
  他的寻呼机上闪现出一个信息。
▪ [VN]
 »His name was flashed up on the screen.
  屏幕上显示出了他的名字。
›› SEND NEWS 发送消息
7. [VN +adv. / prep.] to send information quickly by radio, computer, etc.
• (通过无线电、计算机等)快速发送(信息):
 »News of their triumph was flashed around the world.
  他们胜利的消息迅速传遍了全世界。
›› SHOW EMOTION 显露情感
8. [V] (literary) to show a strong emotion suddenly and quickly
• 突然显露(强烈情感):
 »Her eyes flashed with anger.
  她眼中闪出怒火。
›› OF A MAN 男子
9. [V] (informal) if a man flashes, he shows his sexual organs in public
• 当众展露性器官
【IDIOMS】
◘ flash sb a 'smile, 'look, etc.
• to smile, look, etc. at sb suddenly and quickly
• 向…微微一笑(或瞥一眼)
【PHR V】
◘ ˌflash sth a'round (disapproving)
• to show sth to other people in order to impress them
• 炫耀(某物):
 »He's always flashing his money around.
  他总是在炫耀他的金钱。
◘ ˌflash 'back (to sth)
1. if your mind flashes back to sth, you remember sth that happened in the past
• 回忆；回想；回顾:
 »Her thoughts flashed back to their wedding day.
  她回忆起他们婚礼那一天的情景。
--› related noun flashback (2)
2. if a film / movie flashes back to sth, it shows things that happened at an earlier time, for example at an earlier part of sb's life
• (电影)闪回,倒敍
--› related noun flashback (1)
3. to reply very quickly and / or angrily
• 迅即答覆；愤怒回答
◘ ˌflash 'by / 'past (of time 时间)
• to go very quickly
• 飞逝:
 »The morning has just flashed by.
  这个上午转眼就过去了。
◘ 'flash on sth (US, informal)
• to suddenly remember or think of sth
• 突然回想起；猛地想到:
 »I flashed on an argument I had with my sister when we were kids.
  我突然回想起小时候和姐姐的一次争吵。
◘ 'flash on sb [no passive]
• if sth flashes on you, you suddenly realize it
• 突然意识到；猛然领悟
▪ [+ that ]
 »It flashed on me that he was the man I'd seen in the hotel.
  我顿时认出他就是我在旅馆里看到的那个人。
◙ noun
›› LIGHT 光
1. [C] a sudden bright light that shines for a moment and then disappears
• 闪光；闪耀:
 »a flash of lightning
  一道闪电
 »Flashes of light were followed by an explosion.
  阵阵闪光后就是一声爆炸的巨响。
 »There was a blinding flash and the whole building shuddered.
  一道眩目的闪光过后,整栋大楼颤抖起来。
›› SIGNAL 信号
2. [C] the act of shining a light on sth, especially as a signal
• (尤指信号灯)闪亮
›› SUDDEN IDEA / EMOTION 突然想法；突发情感
3. [C] ~ of sth a particular feeling or idea that suddenly comes into your mind or shows in your face
• (想法的)突现；(情感的)突发:
 »a flash of anger / inspiration, etc.
  怒上心头、灵感闪现等
›› OF BRIGHT COLOUR 鲜明颜色
4. [C] ~ of sth the sudden appearance for a short time of sth bright
• (明亮的东西)闪现:
 »a flash of white teeth
  闪露洁白的牙齿
 »On the horizon, she saw a flash of silver—the sea!
  她看见天边闪现一片银色——大海！
›› IN PHOTOGRAPHY 摄影
5. [C, U] a piece of equipment that produces a bright light for a very short time, used for taking photographs indoors, when it is dark, etc.; the use of this when taking a photograph
• 闪光灯:
 »a camera with a built-in flash
  有内置闪光灯的照相机
 »I'll need flash for this shot.
  拍这个镜头我需要闪光灯。
 »flash photography
  闪光摄影术
›› NEWS 新闻
6. [C] = newsflash
›› ON UNIFORM 制服
7. [C] (BrE) a band or small piece of cloth worn on a military uniform to show a person's rank
• (佩戴在军服上的)徽章,肩章,臂章
›› ON BOOK / PACK 书；小包
8. [C] a band of colour or writing across a book, pack, etc.
• 彩条；文字条
›› COMPUTING 计算机技术
9. Flash™ [U] a program which creates moving images for websites
• * Flash 网站动画程序
◘ a ˌflash in the 'pan
• a sudden success that lasts only a short time and is not likely to be repeated
• 昙花一现
◘ in / like a 'flash
• very quickly and suddenly
• 转瞬间；立即
--› more at quick adv.
◙ adj.
• (BrE, informal, disapproving) attracting attention by being large or expensive, or by having expensive clothes, etc.
• 庞大的；昂贵的；穿着奢华的:
 »a flash car
  外表华丽的轿车
 »He's very flash, isn't he?
  他穿着十分奢华,不是吗？
UFO (also ufo) / ˌju: ef ˈəu; ˈju:fəu; NAme ˌju: ef ˈou; ˈju:fou /
◙ noun (pl. UFOs)
• a strange object that some people claim to have seen in the sky and believe is a spacecraft from another planet (abbreviation for 'Unidentified Flying Object')
• 不明飞行物, 幽浮 (全写为 Unidentified Flying Object)
--› compare flying saucer
as∙sume / əˈsju:m; NAmE əˈsu:m /
◙ verb
1. to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it
• 假定；假设；认为:
▪ [V (that)]
 »It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.
  认为经济将继续好转是有道理的。
 »Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
  咱们暂时假设计划成功。
 »She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time.
  他认为,她会在通常时间回到家的。
▪ [VN that]
 »It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
  普遍认为,紧张是工作过重所致。
▪ [VN]
 »Don't always assume the worst (= that sth bad has happened).
  别总往最坏处想。
 »In this example we have assumed a unit price of $10.
  在这个例子中我们已假定单价为 10 元。
▪ [VN to inf]
 »I had assumed him to be a Belgian.
  我本以为他是比利时人。
2. [VN] (formal) to take or begin to have power or responsibility
• 承担(责任)；就(职)；取得(权力)
【SYN】 take :
 »The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare.
  法庭承担了保障这个女孩福利的责任。
 »Rebel forces have assumed control of the capital.
  反叛武装力量已控制了首都。
3. [VN] (formal) to begin to have a particular quality or appearance
• 呈现(外观、样子)；显露(特征)
【SYN】 take on :
 »This matter has assumed considerable importance.
  这件事看来相当重要。
 »In the story the god assumes the form of an eagle.
  在这个故事中神以鹰的形象出现。
4. [VN] (formal) to pretend to have a particular feeling or quality
• 装出；假装
【SYN】 put on :
 »He assumed an air of concern.
  他装出关心的样子。
con∙struc∙tion / kənˈstrʌkʃn /
◙ noun
›› OF ROADS / BUILDINGS 道路；建筑物
1. [U] the process or method of building or making sth, especially roads, buildings, bridges, etc.
• 建筑；建造；施工:
 »the construction industry
  建筑业
 »road construction
  道路的施工
 »Work has begun on the construction of the new airport.
  新机场的修建已经开工。
 »Our new offices are still under construction (= being built).
  我们的新办公楼尚在修建中。
 »the construction of a new database
  新数据库的建立
2. [U] the way that sth has been built or made
• 建造(或构造)的方式:
 »strong in construction
  结构坚固
 »ships of steel construction
  钢结构船
--› note at structure
›› BUILDING / STRUCTURE 建筑；结构
3. [C] (formal) a thing that has been built or made
• 建造物；构筑物；制成物:
 »The summer house was a simple wooden construction.
  那座避暑别墅是简单的木结构建筑。
›› GRAMMAR 语法
4. [C] the way in which words are used together and arranged to form a sentence, phrase, etc.
• (句子、短语等的)结构:
 »grammatical constructions
  语法结构
›› OF THEORY, ETC. 理论等
5. [U, C] the creating of sth from ideas, opinions and knowledge
• (理念、观点和知识的)创造,创立,建立:
 »the construction of a new theory
  新理论的创立
›› MEANING 含义
6. [C] (formal) the way in which words, actions, statements, etc. are understood by sb
• (对词语、行为、陈述等的)解释,说明,理解  SYN  interpretation :
 »What construction do you put on this letter (= what do you think it means) ?
  你对这封信如何理解？
occur / əˈkə:(r) /
◙ verb (-rr-)
1. [V] (formal) to happen
• 发生；出现:
 »When exactly did the incident occur?
  这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？
 »Something unexpected occurred.
  发生了一件出乎意料的事。
2. [V +adv. / prep.] to exist or be found somewhere
• 存在于；出现在:
 »Sugar occurs naturally in fruit.
  水果天然含糖分。
【PHR V】
◘ oc'cur to sb (of an idea or a thought 观念或想法)
• to come into your mind
• 被想到；出现在头脑中:
 »The idea occurred to him in a dream.
  这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
▪ [+ that ]
 »It didn't occur to him that his wife was having an affair.
  他没有想到自己的妻子有婚外情。
▪ [+ to inf ]
 »It didn't occur to her to ask for help.
  她没想到请别人帮忙。
aboard / əˈbɔ:d; NAmE əˈbɔ:rd /
◙ adv. , prep.
• on or onto a ship, plane, bus or train
• 在(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等)上；上(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等)
【SYN】 on board :
 »We went aboard.
  我们上了船。
 »He was already aboard the plane.
  他已经登机了。
 »The plane crashed killing all 157 passengers aboard.
  飞机坠毁,机上 157 名乘客全部遇难。
 »All aboard! (= the bus, boat, etc. is leaving soon)
  请大家上车(或船等)！(表示马上就要开了)
 »Welcome aboard! (= used to welcome passengers or a person joining a new organization, etc.)
  欢迎各位乘客！；欢迎加盟(新组织等)！
pos∙si∙bil∙ity / ˌpɔsəˈbiləti; NAme ˌpɑ:s- /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [U, C] ~ (of sth / of doing sth) | ~ (that...) the fact that sth might exist or happen, but is not certain to
• 可能；可能性:
 »There is now no possibility that she will make a full recovery.
  她现在已不可能完全康复。
 »He refused to rule out the possibility of a tax increase.
  他拒绝排除增税的可能性。
 »It is not beyond the bounds of possibility that we'll all meet again six day.
  我们大家将来有一天再度聚在一起,并非绝不可能。
 »Bankruptcy is a real possibility if sales don't improve.
  如果销售情况得不到改善,真有破产的可能。
 »What had seemed impossible now seemed a distinct possibility.
  过去看似不可能的事,现在显然有可能了。
【OPP】 impossibility
2. [C, usually pl.] one of the different things that you can do in a particular situation
• 可选择的方法:
 »to explore / consider / investigate a wide range of possibilities
  探究/考虑/调查各种可能的情况
 »to exhaust all the possibilities
  用尽一切可能的手段
 »Selling the house is just six possibility that is open to us.
  卖掉房子只是我们可以选择的其中一种做法。
 »The possibilities are endless.
  可想的办法是无穷的。
--› note at option
3. [C, usually pl.] something that gives you a chance to achieve sth
• 机会；契机
【SYN】 opportunity :
 »The course offers a range of exciting possibilities for developing your skills.
  这门课程可提供一整套新鲜活泼的技能训练。
4. possibilities [pl.] if sth has possibilities, it can be improved or made successful
• 潜力；改进的余地
【SYN】 potential :
 »The house is in a bad state of repair but it has possibilities.
  这房子虽亟待修缮,但仍有可资利用的价值。
de∙tect∙ive / diˈtektiv /
◙ noun (abbr. Det)
1. a person, especially a police officer, whose job is to examine crimes and catch criminals
• 侦探；警探:
 »Detective Inspector (Roger) Brown
  (罗杰)布朗探长
 »detectives from the anti-terrorist squad
  反恐怖主义小组的侦探
 »a detective story / novel
  侦探故事/小说
--› see also store detective
2. a person employed by sb to find out information about sb / sth
• 私人侦探
--› see also private detective
case / keis /
◙ noun
›› SITUATION 情况
1. [C] a particular situation or a situation of a particular type
• 具体情况；事例；实例:
 »In some cases people have had to wait several weeks for an appointment.
  在某些情况下,人们必须等上好几周才能得到约见。
 »The company only dismisses its employees in cases of gross misconduct.
  这家公司只有在雇员严重渎职时才予以解聘。
 »It's a classic case (= a very typical case) of bad planning.
  这是计划不当的一个典型事例。
--› see also worst-case
--› note at example
--› note at
2. the case [sing.] ~ (that...) the true situation
• 实情；事实:
 »If that is the case (= if the situation described is true), we need more staff.
  如果真是那样,那我们就需要更多的员工了。
 »It is simply not the case that prison conditions are improving.
  监狱条件得到改善的情况绝非事实。
3. [C, usually sing.] a situation that relates to a particular person or thing
• 特殊情况:
 »In your case, we are prepared to be lenient.
  根据你的情况,我们可以从宽处理。
 »I cannot make an exception in your case (= for you and not for others).
  我不能对你破例。
--› note at example
›› POLICE INVESTIGATION 警方调查
4. [C] a matter that is being officially investigated, especially by the police
• (尤指警方)侦查的案情,调查的案件:
 »a murder case
  谋杀案
 »a case of theft
  盗窃案
›› IN COURT 法院
5. [C] a question to be decided in court
• 待裁决的案件:
 »The case will be heard next week.
  此案下周审理。
 »a court case
  诉讼案件
 »to win / lose a case
  胜/败诉
--› see also test case
›› ARGUMENTS 论据
6. [C, usually sing.] ~ (for / against sth) a set of facts or arguments that support one side in a trial, a discussion, etc.
• (在审判、讨论等中支持一方的)论据,理由:
 »the case for the defence / prosecution
  有利于被告/原告的论据
 »Our lawyer didn't think we had a case (= had enough good arguments to win in a court of law).
  我们的律师认为我们论据不足,无法赢得官司。
 »the case for / against private education
  赞成/反对实行私立学校教育的理由
 »The report makes out a strong case (= gives good arguments) for spending more money on hospitals.
  报告充分阐明了增加医院经费的理由。
 »You will each be given the chance to state your case.
  你们每人都有机会陈述理由。
›› CONTAINER 容器
7. [C] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) a container or covering used to protect or store things; a container with its contents or the amount that it contains
• 容器；箱；盒；套；罩；容器及内装物；(容器的)容量:
 »a pencil case
  铅笔盒
 »a jewellery case
  首饰盒
 »a packing case (= a large wooden box for packing things in)
  包装箱
 »The museum was full of stuffed animals in glass cases.
  博物馆的玻璃柜里摆满了动物标本。
 »a case (= 12 bottles) of champagne
  一箱(12 瓶)香槟酒
--› see also vanity case
8. [C] = suitcase :
 »Let me carry your case for you.
  我来帮你提箱子吧。
›› OF DISEASE 疾病
9. [C] the fact of sb having a disease or an injury; a person suffering from a disease or an injury
• 病例；病案；病人；伤员:
 »a severe case of typhoid
  伤寒重病例
 »The most serious cases were treated at the scene of the accident.
  受伤最严重的人在事故现场就得到了救治。
›› PERSON 人
10. [C] a person who needs, or is thought to need, special treatment or attention
• (需特别对待或注意的)人:
 »He's a hopeless case.
  他是无可救药了。
›› GRAMMAR 语法
11. [C, U] the form of a noun, an adjective or a pronoun in some languages, that shows its relationship to another word
• 格(某些语言中表示名词、形容词或代词与另一词关系的形式):
 »the nominative / accusative / genitive case
  主格；宾格；所有格
 »Latin nouns have case, number and gender.
  拉丁语名词有格、数和性。
【IDIOMS】
◘ as the ˌcase may 'be
• used to say that one of two or more possibilities is true, but which one is true depends on the circumstances
• 根据具体情况；视情况而定:
 »There may be an announcement about this tomorrow—or not, as the case may be.
  这件事明天可能有个声明,也可能没有,那要看情况了。
◘ be on sb's 'case
•(informal) to criticize sb all the time
• 不停地指责某人:
 »She's always on my case about cleaning my room.
  她老是对我的房间需要打扫的事指责个没完。
◘ be on the 'case
• to be dealing with a particular matter, especially a criminal investigation
• 处理事件(尤指刑事侦查):
 »We have two agents on the case.
  我们有两名探员在侦察此案。
◘ get off my 'case
• (informal) used to tell sb to stop criticizing you
• 别再批评我
◘ a case in 'point
• a clear example of the problem, situation, etc. that is being discussed
• 明证；恰当的例证
◘ in 'any case
• whatever happens or may have happened
• 无论如何；不管怎样:
 »There's no point complaining now—we're leaving tomorrow in any case.
  现在抱怨毫无意义,反正我们明天就要离开了。
◘ (just) in case (...)
• because of the possibility of sth happening
• 以防；以防万一:
 »You'd better take the keys in case I'm out.
  你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。
 »You probably won't need to call—but take my number, just in case.
  你很可能无需打电话,不过还是记下我的电话号码吧,以防万一。
 »In case (= if it is true that) you're wondering why Jo's here—let me explain...
  我来解释一下吧,免得你奇怪乔为什么在这儿。
◘ in case of sth
(often on official notices 常用于正式通知)
• if sth happens
• 如果；假使:
 »In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.
  如遇火警,即按警铃。
◘ in 'that case
• if that happens or has happened; if that is the situation
• 既然那样；假使那样的话:
 »'I've made up my mind.' 'In that case, there's no point discussing it.'
  "我已经拿定主意。" " 既然如此,讨论这件事就毫无意义了。"
--› more at rest v.
◙ verb [VN]
◘ case the joint
•(informal) to look carefully around a building so that you can plan how to steal things from it at a later time
• (为日后行窃)踩点,踩道,探路
jour∙nal∙ist / ˈdʒə:nəlist; NAme ˈdʒə:rn- /
◙ noun
• a person whose job is to collect and write news stories for newspapers, magazines, radio or television
• 新闻记者；新闻工作者
--› compare reporter
amaz∙ing / əˈmeiziŋ /
◙ adj.
• very surprising, especially in a way that makes you feel pleasure or admiration
• 令人大为惊奇的；(尤指)令人惊喜(或惊羡、惊叹)的
【SYN】 astounding , incredible :
 »an amazing achievement / discovery / success / performance
  惊人的成就/发现/成功/表演
 »That's amazing, isn't it?
  真是令人惊叹,是不是？
 »It's amazing how quickly people adapt.
  人适应环境的速度之快真是惊人。
♦ amaz∙ing∙ly adv.:
 »Amazingly, no six noticed.
  令人惊奇的是,竟没有人注意到。
 »The meal was amazingly cheap.
  这餐饭便宜得出奇。
evi∙dence / ˈevidəns /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] ~ (of / for sth) | ~ (that...) | ~ (to suggest, show, etc.) the facts, signs or objects that make you believe that sth is true
• 根据；证明；证据:
 »There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
  有可靠证据表明日光曝晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。
 »We found further scientific evidence for this theory.
  我们找到了进一步证实这种理论的科学根据。
 »There is not a shred of evidence that the meeting actually took place.
  没有丝毫证据表明这个会议确已举行。
 »Have you any evidence to support this allegation?
  你有证据支持这种说法吗？
 »The room bore evidence of a struggle.
  房间里有搏斗过的痕迹。
 »On the evidence of their recent matches, it is unlikely the Spanish team will win the cup.
  从西班牙队最近的比赛情况看,他们不太可能夺冠。
2. [U] the information that is used in court to try to prove sth
• (法庭上的)证据,证词,人证,物证:
 »I was asked to give evidence (= to say what I knew, describe what I had seen, etc.) at the trial.
  我被要求审讯时出庭作证。
 »He was released when the judge ruled there was no evidence against him.
  法官裁决没有证明他有罪的证据,他获得释放了。
--› see also circumstantial evidence at circumstantial
【IDIOMS】
◘ (be) in 'evidence
• present and clearly seen
• 显眼；显而易见:
 »The police were much in evidence at today's demonstration.
  在今天的示威集会上警察随处可见。
◘ turn King's / Queen's 'evidence
(BrE) (US turn state's 'evidence)
• to give information against other criminals in order to get a less severe punishment
• 提供同犯的罪证,揭发其他案犯(以减轻所受惩罚)
--› compare plea-bargaining
--› more at balance n.
◙ verb [VN]
• [usually passive] (formal) to prove or show sth; to be evidence of sth
• 证明；表明；作为…的证据
【SYN】 testify to :
 »The legal profession is still a largely male world, as evidenced by the small number of women judges.
  法律界在很大程度上仍然是男人的世界,这一点从女法官的人数屈指可数即可得到证实。
in∙jury / ˈindʒəri /
◙ noun (pl. -ies) ~ (to sb / sth)
1. [C, U] harm done to a person's or an animal's body, for example in an accident
• (对躯体的)伤害,损伤:
 »serious injury / injuries
  重伤
 »minor injuries
  轻伤
 »to sustain injuries / an injury
  受伤
 »to escape injury
  险受伤害
 »injury to the head
  头部受伤
 »a head injury
  头部受伤
 »Two players are out of the team because of injury.
  两名队员因伤退出了比赛。
 »There were no injuries in the crash (= no people injured).
  撞车事故中无人受伤。 (BrE, informal)
 »Don't do that. You'll do yourself an injury (= hurt yourself).
  别那样做。你会把自己弄伤的。
2. [U] (law 律) damage to a person's feelings
• (对感情的)伤害,挫伤:
 »Damages may be awarded for emotional injury.
  可能会判处精神伤害赔偿。
【IDIOMS】
--› see add
dis∙miss / disˈmis /
◙ verb [VN]
1. ~ sb / sth (as sth) to decide that sb / sth is not important and not worth thinking or talking about
• 不予考虑；摒弃；对…不屑一提
【SYN】 wave aside :
 »I think we can safely dismiss their objections.
  我认为我们对他们的异议完全可以不予理会。
 »Vegetarians are no longer dismissed as cranks.
  素食主义者不再被当作怪人。
 »He dismissed the opinion polls as worthless.
  他认为民意测验毫无用处而不予考虑。
 »The suggestion should not be dismissed out of hand (= without thinking about it).
  这建议不应当直接就被摒弃。
2. ~ sth (from sth) to put thoughts or feelings out of your mind
• 去除,消除,摒除(思想、感情等):
 »Dismissing her fears, she climbed higher.
  她排除了恐惧,爬得更高了。
 »He dismissed her from his mind.
  他挥去了对她的思念。
3. ~ sb (from sth) to officially remove sb from their job
• 解雇；免职；开除
【SYN】 fire , sack :
 »She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.
  她声称自己被无理免职。
4. to send sb away or allow them to leave
• 让(某人)离开；把(某人)打发走；解散:
 »At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed.
  * 12 点下课了。
5. (law 律) to say that a trial or legal case should not continue, usually because there is not enough evidence
• 驳回；不受理:
 »The case was dismissed.
  此案已被驳回。
6. (in cricket 板球) to end the innings of a player or team
• (使击球员或球队)退场,出局
laugh∙ter / ˈlɑ:ftə(r); NAme ˈlæf- /
◙ noun [U]
• the act or sound of laughing
• 笑；笑声:
 »to roar with laughter
  放声大笑
 »tears / gales / peals / shrieks of laughter
  笑得流眼泪；阵阵笑声；哈哈大笑；阵阵尖声大笑
 »to burst / dissolve into laughter
  突然/情不自禁大笑起来
 »a house full of laughter (= with a happy atmosphere)
  充满欢声笑语的房子
school∙boy / ˈsku:lbɔi /
◙ noun
• a boy who attends school
• (学校的)男生
--› note at student
as∙tron∙omer / əˈstrɔnəmə(r); NAmE əˈstrɑ:n- /
◙ noun
• a scientist who studies astronomy
• 天文学家
en∙thu∙si∙ast∙ic / inˌθju:ziˈæstik; NAmE -ˌθu:- /
◙ adj.
• ~ (about sb / sth) | ~ (about doing sth) feeling or showing a lot of excitement and interest about sb / sth
• 热情的；热心的；热烈的；满腔热忱的:
 »an enthusiastic supporter
  热心的支持者
 »an enthusiastic welcome
  热烈欢迎
 »You don't sound very enthusiastic about the idea.
  你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣。
 »She was even less enthusiastic about going to Spain.
  她对去西班牙更是不感兴趣。
♦ en∙thu∙si∙as∙tic∙al∙ly / -kli / adv.
base / beis /
◙ noun
›› LOWEST PART 底部
1. [C, usually sing.] the lowest part of sth, especially the part or surface on which it rests or stands
• 根基；基底；底座:
 »the base of a column / glass
  柱基；玻璃杯底座
 »a pain at the base of the spine
  脊柱末端的疼痛
 »The lamp has a heavy base.
  这枱灯的底座很沉。
--› note at bottom
›› ORIGINAL IDEA / SITUATION 根源思想/状况
2. [C] an idea, a fact, a situation, etc. from which sth is developed
• 根据；出发点
【SYN】 basis :
 »She used her family's history as a base for her novel.
  她以她的家族史作为小说的素材。
 »His arguments have a sound economic base.
  他的论点有充分的经济上的根据。
--› note at basis
›› OF SUPPORT / INCOME / POWER 支持；收入；力量
3. [C, usually sing.] the people, activity, etc. from which sb / sth gets most of their support, income, power, etc.
• (支持、收入、力量等的)来源,源泉,基础:
 »These policies have a broad base of support.
  这些政策受到广泛支持。
 »an economy with a solid manufacturing base
  以制造业为坚实基础的经济体
--› see also customer base , power base
›› FIRST / MAIN SUBSTANCE 首要/基本材料
4. [C, usually sing.] the first or main part of a substance to which other things are added
• 混合物的首要(或主要)成分:
 »a drink with a rum base
  主要成分为朗姆酒的饮料
 »Put some moisturizer on as a base before applying your make-up.
  化妆前先搽些润肤霜打底。
›› MAIN PLACE 主要地方
5. [C] the main place where you live or stay or where a business operates from
• 据点；总部；大本营:
 »I spend a lot of time in Britain but Paris is still my base.
  我有很多时间在英国度过,但主要还是居住在巴黎。
 »The town is an ideal base for touring the area.
  这个镇子是在这一地区旅游观光的理想据点。
 »The company has its base in New York, and branch offices all over the world.
  公司总部设在纽约,分支遍及全世界。
›› OF ARMY, navy, ETC. 陆军、海军等
6. [C, U] a place where an army, a navy, etc. operates from
• 基地:
 »a military / naval base
  军事/海军基地
 »an air base
  空军基地
 »After the attack, they returned to base.
  他们发动攻击之后返回了基地。
›› CHEMISTRY 化学
7. [C] a chemical substance, for example an alkali , that can combine with an acid to form a salt
• 硷； 盐基
›› MATHEMATICS 数学
8. [C, usually sing.] a number on which a system of counting and expressing numbers is built up, for example 10 in the decimal system and 2 in the binary system
• 基数(如十进制的 10 和二进制的 2)
›› IN BASEBALL / ROUNDERS 棒球；圆场棒球
9. [C] one of the five positions that a player must reach in order to score points
• 垒
--› see also database
【IDIOMS】
◘ off base
(NAmE, informal)
• completely wrong about sth
• 完全错误:
 »If that's what you think, you're way off base.
  你如果那么想就全错了。
--› more at cover v., first base , touch v.
◙ verb [VN]
• [usually passive] ~ sb / sth / yourself in... to use a particular city, town, etc. as the main place for a business, holiday / vacation, etc.
• 以…为据点(或大本营等)；把(总部等)设在:
 »They decided to base the new company in York.
  他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在约克郡。
 »We're going to base ourselves in Tokyo and make trips from there.
  我们将以东京为据点到各地旅行。
【PHR V】
◘ 'base sth on / upon sth
• to use an idea, a fact, a situation, etc. as the point from which sth can be developed
• 以…为基础(或根据):
 »What are you basing this theory on?
  你这种理论的根据是什么？
--› see also based
◙ adj.
• (baser, bas∙est) (formal) not having moral principles or rules
• 卑鄙的；不道德的:
 »He acted from base motives.
  他的行动动机卑鄙。
♦ base∙ly adv.
exist / iɡˈzist /
◙ verb [V]
1. (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to be real; to be present in a place or situation
• 存在；实际上有:
 »Does life exist on other planets?
  其他行星上有生命吗？
 »The problem only exists in your head, Jane.
  这个问题不过是你的想像,简。
 »Few of these monkeys still exist in the wild.
  这些野生的猴子已为数不多了。
 »On his retirement the post will cease to exist.
  他退休后这个职位就不会存在。
 »The charity exists to support victims of crime.
  设立这个慈善机构是为了援助罪案受害者。
2. ~ (on sth) to live, especially in a difficult situation or with very little money
• (尤指在困境或贫困中)生活,生存:
 »We existed on a diet of rice.
  我们靠吃大米过活。
 »They can't exist on the money he's earning.
  他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。
mys∙tery / ˈmistri /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [C] something that is difficult to understand or to explain
• 神秘的事物；不可理解之事；奥秘:
 »It is one of the great unsolved mysteries of this century.
  这是本世纪尚未解开的大奥秘之一。
 »Their motives remain a mystery.
  他们的动机仍然是个谜。
 »It's a complete mystery to me why they chose him.
  我真无法理解他们为什么会选他。
2. [C] (often used as an adjective 常用作形容词) a person or thing that is strange and interesting because you do not know much about them or it
• 神秘的人(或事物)；陌生而有趣的人(或事物):
 »He's a bit of a mystery.
  他这个人有点儿神秘。
 »There was a mystery guest on the programme.
  节目单上有位神秘嘉宾。
 »The band was financed by a mystery backer.
  这个乐队是由一个不为人知的人资助的。
 »(BrE) a mystery tour (= when you do not know where you are going)
  漫游
3. [U] the quality of being difficult to understand or to explain, especially when this makes sb / sth seem interesting and exciting
• 神秘；不可思议；奥秘:
 »Mystery surrounds her disappearance.
  她的失踪引起了重重疑团。
 »His past is shrouded in mystery (= not much is known about it).
  他来历不明。
 »The dark glasses give her an air of mystery.
  这墨镜使她显得有些神秘。
4. [C] a story, a film / movie or a play in which crimes and strange events are only explained at the end
• 疑案小说(或电影、戏剧):
 »I enjoy murder mysteries.
  我喜欢凶杀奇案作品。
5. mysteries [pl.] secret religious ceremonies; secret knowledge
• 秘密的宗教仪式；秘密知识: (figurative)
 »the teacher who initiated me into the mysteries of mathematics
  把我引进神秘的数学世界的老师
6. [C] a religious belief that cannot be explained or proved in a scientific way
• (宗教信仰的)奥义,奥秘,奥迹:
 »the mystery of creation
  造物的奥秘
'comic strip (also car∙toon) (BrE also ˌstrip car'toon) (NAmE also strip)
◙ noun
• a series of drawings inside boxes that tell a story and are often printed in newspapers
• (常登载于报纸上的)连环漫画
ques∙tion∙naire / ˌkwestʃəˈneə(r); NAme -ˈner /
◙ noun
• ~ (on / about sth) a written list of questions that are answered by a number of people so that information can be collected from the answers
• 调查表；问卷:
 »to complete a questionnaire
  填好问卷
 »(BrE) to fill in a questionnaire
  填调查表
 »(especially NAmE) to fill out a questionnaire
  填调查表
tick / tik /
◙ verb
1. [V] ~ (away) (of a clock, etc. 钟表等) to make short, light, regular repeated sounds to mark time passing
• 发出滴答声；滴答地走时:
 »In the silence we could hear the clock ticking.
  寂静中,我们能听到钟表滴答作响。
 »While we waited the taxi's meter kept ticking away.
  我们等候时,出租汽车的计程器一直在滴答滴答地走着。
 »a ticking bomb
  滴答作响的定时炸弹
2. [VN] (BrE) (NAmE check) to put a mark (√) next to an item on a list, an answer, etc.
• 标记号；打上鈎；打对号:
 »Please tick the appropriate box.
  请在适合的方框内打鈎。
 »Tick 'yes' or 'no' to each question.
  在每个问题的"是"或"否"旁打鈎。
 »I've ticked the names of the people who have paid.
  我在已付款者的姓名旁画了鈎。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌtick all the / sb's 'boxes
(BrE, informal)
• to do exactly the right things to please sb
• 投其所好；迎合众人/某人的喜好:
 »This is a movie that ticks all the boxes.
  这是一部适合众人口味的影片。
◘ what makes sb 'tick
• what makes sb behave in the way that they do
• 使某人这样做的原因:
 »I've never really understood what makes her tick.
  我从未真正弄懂她为什么这么做。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌtick a'way / 'by / 'past (of time 时间)
• to pass
• 过去；流逝:
 »I had to get to the airport by two, and the minutes were ticking away.
  我必须在两点前赶到机场,但是时间一分一秒地过去了。
◘ ˌtick sth∽a'way (of a clock, etc. 钟表等)
• to mark the time as it passes
• 标示时间流逝:
 »The clock ticked away the minutes.
  钟表显示时间一分一秒地过去。
◘ ˌtick sb∽'off
1. (BrE, informal) to speak angrily to sb, especially a child, because they have done sth wrong
• 责备,斥责,责骂(尤指犯错的孩子)
【SYN】 tell off
--› related noun ticking off
2. (NAmE, informal) to make sb angry or annoyed
• 使生气；使烦恼
◘ ˌtick sb / sth 'off (BrE) (NAmE ˌcheck sb / sth 'off)
• to put a mark (√) beside a name or an item on a list to show that sth has been dealt with
• 给…画上鈎；给…打核对号
◘ ˌtick 'over (BrE) (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时)
1. (of an engine 发动机) to run slowly while the vehicle is not moving
• 空转；慢速运转
【SYN】 idle
2. (of a business, a system, an activity, etc. 企业、系统、活动等) to keep working slowly without producing or achieving much
• (没有进展地)徐缓运作:
 »Just keep things ticking over while I'm away.
  在我外出期间,维持现状就行。
◙ noun
1. [C] (BrE) (NAmE 'check mark,check) a mark (√) put beside a sum or an item on a list, usually to show that it has been checked or done or is correct
• 核对号；对号；鈎号；记号:
 »Put a tick in the appropriate box if you would like further information about any of our products.
  如想进一步了解我们任何产品的情况,请在适当的方框内打鈎。
--› compare cross n. (1), X symb. (4)
2. [C] a small insect that bites humans and animals and sucks their blood. There are several types of tick, some of which can carry diseases.
• 蜱,壁虱,扁虱(吸血寄生虫,有些种类传播疾病):
 »a tick bite
  蜱叮咬之处
3. (also tick∙ing) [U] a short, light, regularly repeated sound, especially that of a clock or watch
• (尤指钟表的)滴答声:
 »The only sound was the soft tick of the clock.
  唯一的响声是钟表轻轻的滴答声。
4. [C] (BrE, informal) a moment
• 一会儿；一瞬间；一刹那；片刻:
 »Hang on a tick!
  等一会,别挂断电话！
 »I'll be with you in two ticks.
  我马上就来。
5. [U] (old-fashioned, BrE, informal) permission to delay paying for sth that you have bought
• 赊账；赊欠；赊购
【SYN】 credit :
 »Can I have these on tick ?
  我可以赊购这些东西吗？
state∙ment / ˈsteitmənt /
◙ noun
1. [C] something that you say or write that gives information or an opinion
• 说明；说法；表白；表态:
 »Are the following statements true or false?
  下面的说法对不对？
 »Your statement is misleading.
  你的表述可能引起误解。
 »Is that a statement or a question?
  这是在表态呢,还是提出问题呢？
 »The play makes a strong political statement.
  这出戏表明一种鲜明的政治立场。
--› see also fashion statement
2. [C] ~ (on / about sth) a formal or official account of facts or opinions
• 声明；陈述；报告
【SYN】 declaration :
 »a formal / a public / a written / an official statement
  正式/公开/书面/官方声明
 »A government spokesperson made a statement to the press.
  政府发言人向新闻界发表了一份声明。
 »The prime minister is expected to issue a statement on the policy change this afternoon.
  人们预计首相将在今天下午就政策的改变发表声明。
 »The police asked me to make a statement (= a written account of facts concerning a crime, used in court if legal action follows).
  警方要求我写一份供述。
3. [C] a printed record of money paid, received, etc.
• 结算单；清单；报表:
 »The directors are responsible for preparing the company's financial statements.
  几位主任负责填写公司的财务报表。
 »My bank sends me monthly statements.
  银行按月给我寄来结算单。
--› see also bank statement
--› note at bill
4. [C] (in Britain) an official report on a child's special needs made by a local education authority
• 评估报告(英国地方教育主管部门针对儿童的特殊需要而提出意见):
 »a statement of special educational needs
  特殊教育需要评估报告
5. [U] (formal) the act of stating or expressing sth in words
• (文字)陈述,表述
【SYN】 expression :
 »When writing instructions, clarity of statement is the most important thing.
  编写操作说明时,表述清晰明白至为重要。
◙ verb [VN]
• [often passive] (in Britain) to officially decide and report that a child has special needs for his or her education
• (英国)对儿童进行特殊教育评估认定:
 »statemented children
  评估认定须接受特殊教育的学童
dis∙agree / ˌdisəˈɡri: /
◙ verb
1. [V] ~ (with sb) (about / on / over sth) if ten people disagree or six person disagrees with another about sth, they have a different opinion about it
• 不同意；持不同意见；有分歧:
 »Even friends disagree sometimes.
  即便是朋友有时也有分歧。
 »He disagreed with his parents on most things.
  他在多数事情上都与父母意见不一。
 »Some people disagree with this argument.
  有些人不同意这一论点。
 »No, I disagree. I don't think it would be the right thing to do.
  不,我不赞成。我认为这样做不合适。
▪ [also V that]
2. [V] if statements or reports disagree, they give different information
• 不符；不一致
【OPP】 agree
【PHR V】
◘ disa'gree with sb
• if sth, especially food, disagrees with you, it has a bad effect on you and makes you feel ill / sick
• (尤指食物)对(某人)不适宜,使不舒服
◘ disa'gree with sth / with doing sth
• to believe that sth is bad or wrong; to disapprove of sth
• 不赞成；反对:
 »I disagree with violent protests.
  我不赞成暴力抗议。
ap∙pro∙pri∙ate
◙ adj.
• / əˈprəupriət; NAmE əˈprou- / ~ (for / to sth) suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances
• 合适的；恰当的:
 »an appropriate response / measure / method
  恰如其分的反应；恰当的措施/方法
 »Now that the problem has been identified, appropriate action can be taken.
  现在既已找出问题的症结,即可采取适当行动。
 »Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.
  正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。
 »The book was written in a style appropriate to the age of the children.
  这本书的文体适合儿童阅读。
 »Is now an appropriate time to make a speech?
  现在发表演讲是不是时候？
 »Please debit my Mastercard / Visa / American Express card (delete as appropriate).
  请在我的万事达/维萨/美国运通信用卡账户中扣除(删除不适用者)。
【OPP】 inappropriate
♦ ap∙pro∙pri∙ate∙ly adv.:
 »The government has been accused of not responding appropriately to the needs of the homeless.
  政府未采取恰当的措施以应无家可归者的需要,为此已受到谴责。
 »The chain of volcanoes is known, appropriately enough, as the 'Ring of Fire'.
  人们把这链状火山群很恰当地称作"火环"。
♦ ap∙pro∙pri∙ate∙ness noun [U]
◙ verb / əˈprəuprieit; NAmE əˈprou- /
▪ əʒŋ] (formal)
1. to take sth, sb's ideas, etc. for your own use, especially illegally or without permission
• 盗用；挪用；占用；侵吞:
 »He was accused of appropriating club funds.
  他被控盗用俱乐部资金。
 »Some of the opposition party's policies have been appropriated by the government.
  反对党的一些政策已被政府照搬照用。
2. ~ sth (for sth) to take or give sth, especially money for a particular purpose
• 拨(专款等):
 »Five million dollars has been appropriated for research into the disease.
  已拨款五百万元用于这种疾病的研究。
--› compare misappropriate
blank / blæŋk /
◙ adj.
1. empty, with nothing written, printed or recorded on it
• 空白的:
 »Sign your name in the blank space below.
  把名字签在下面的空白处。
 »a blank CD
  空白光盘
 »Write on one side of the paper and leave the other side blank.
  写在纸的一面,把另一面空出来。
 »She turned to a blank page in her notebook.
  她翻开笔记本的一张空白页。
2. (of a wall or screen 墙壁或屏幕) empty; with no pictures, marks or decoration
• 空的；无图画(或标记、装饰)的:
 »blank whitewashed walls
  光秃秃的白灰墙
 »Suddenly the screen went blank.
  屏幕突然变成一片空白。
3. showing no feeling, understanding or interest
• 没表情的；不理解的；不感兴趣的:
 »She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.
  她木然地盯着我。
 »Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about.
  史蒂夫显得很迷惑,说他不知道我在说什么。
 »Suddenly my mind went blank (= I could not remember anything).
  我脑子里突然一片空白。
4. [only before noun] (of negative things 否定的事情) complete and total
• 完全的；彻底的:
 »a blank refusal / denial
  断然拒绝/否认
--› see also point-blank (2)
♦ blank∙ly adv.:
 »She stared blankly into space, not knowing what to say next.
  她木然地凝视着,不知道下面该说什么。
♦ blank∙ness noun [U]
◙ noun
1. [C] an empty space on a printed form or document for you to write answers, information, etc. in
• (文件等的)空白处,空格:
 »Please fill in the blanks.
  请在空白处填写。
 »If you can't answer the question, leave a blank.
  如果回答不了问题,就空着它。
2. [sing.] a state of not being able to remember anything
• (记忆中的)空白,遗忘:
 »My mind was a blank and I couldn't remember her name.
  我脑子里是一片空白,记不起她的名字了。
3. [C] (also ˌblank 'cartridge) a cartridge in a gun that contains an explosive but no bullet
• 空弹:
 »The troops fired blanks in the air.
  部队向空中放空弹。
【IDIOMS】
--› see draw v.
◙ verb
1. [VN] (BrE, informal) to ignore sb completely
• 毫不理睬(某人):
 »I saw her on the bus this morning, but she totally blanked me.
  我今天早晨在公共汽车上见到她,但她连一眼都没瞧我。
2. [V] (NAmE) to be suddenly unable to remember or think of sth
• 突然忘掉；突然思路模糊:
 »I knew the answer, but I totally blanked during the test.
  我本来知道答案,但考试时我什么都忘了。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌblank 'out
• to suddenly become empty
• 突然变空:
 »The screen blanked out.
  屏幕突然变成一片空白。
◘ ˌblank sth∽'out
1. to cover sth completely so that it cannot be seen
• 掩盖；遮盖:
 »All the names in the letter had been blanked out.
  信中所有的名字都已涂掉。
2. to deliberately forget sth unpleasant
• 刻意忘记；抹去记忆:
 »She had tried to blank out the whole experience.
  她曾试图把全部经历从记忆中抹去。
hu∙mour (BrE) (NAmE hu∙mor) / ˈhju:mə(r) /
◙ noun
1. [U] the quality in sth that makes it funny or amusing; the ability to laugh at things that are amusing
• 幽默；幽默感:
 »a story full of gentle humour
  充满轻松幽默的故事
 »She ignored his feeble attempt at humour.
  她没理他想表现却又差劲的幽默。
 »They failed to see the humour of the situation.
  他们没有看出这情景的滑稽之处。
 »I can't stand people with no sense of humour.
  我无法忍受毫无幽默感的人。
 »She smiled with a rare flash of humour.
  她以少有的一丝诙谐微笑了。
 »She has her very own brand of humour.
  她的幽默很独特。
 »The film is only funny if you appreciate French humour (= things that cause French people to laugh).
  只有能理解法国式的幽默才会领略这部电影的趣味。
2. [C, U] (formal) the state of your feelings or mind at a particular time
• 感觉；心情；精神状态:
 »to be in the best of humours
  情绪极好
 »The meeting dissolved in ill humour.
  会议不欢而散。
 »to be out of humour (= in a bad mood)
  心情不好
--› see also good humour , good-humoured at good humour , ill-humoured at ill humour
3. [C] (old use) one of the four liquids that were thought in the past to be in a person's body and to influence health and character
• 体液(旧时认为存在人体内,有四种,可影响健康和性格)
◙ verb [VN]
• to agree with sb's wishes, even if they seem unreasonable, in order to keep the person happy
• 迁就；顺应:
 »She thought it best to humour him rather than get into an argument.
  她想最好是顺他的意,而不和他争吵。
dis∙count
◙ noun / ˈdiskaunt / əɔ, u]
• ~ on / off sth an amount of money that is taken off the usual cost of sth
• 折扣
【SYN】 reduction :
 »to get / give / offer a discount
  得到/给予/提供折扣
 »discount rates / prices
  贴现率；折扣价
 »They're offering a 10% discount on all sofas this month.
  本月他们给沙发售价统统打九折。
 »They were selling everything at a discount (= at reduced prices).
  他们销售的所有商品都打折。
 »a discount shop (= six that regularly sells goods at reduced prices)
  打折商店
 »Do you give any discount?
  你们打折吗？
◙ verb / disˈkaunt; NAmE also ˈdiskaunt /
▪ əʒŋ]
1. ~ sth (as sth) (formal) to think or say that sth is not important or not true
• 认为…不重要；对…不全信；低估
【SYN】 dismiss :
 »We cannot discount the possibility of further strikes.
  我们不能低估再次发生罢工的可能性。
 »The news reports were being discounted as propaganda.
  人们认为这些新闻报道不过是为了宣传,不可全信。
2. to take an amount of money off the usual cost of sth; to sell sth at a discount
• 打折扣；打折出售
【SYN】 reduce :
 »discounted prices / fares
  打折价/票价
'table tennis (also informal 'ping-pong both BrE) (NAmE 'Ping-Pong™)
◙ noun [U]
• a game played like tennis with bats and a small plastic ball on a table with a net across it
• 乒乓球运动
bad∙min∙ton / ˈbædmintən /
◙ noun [U]
• a game like tennis played by two or four people, usually indoors. Players hit a small light kind of ball, originally with feathers around it (= a shuttlecock ) across a high net using a racket .
• 羽毛球运动
or∙gan∙ize (BrE also -ise) / ˈɔ:ɡənaiz; NAme ˈɔ:rɡ- /
◙ verb
1. [VN] to arrange for sth to happen or to be provided
• 组织；筹备:
 »to organize a meeting / party / trip
  组织筹备会议/聚会/旅行
 »I'll invite people if you can organize food and drinks.
  如果你能备办饮食,我就负责请人。
2. [VN] to arrange sth or the parts of sth into a particular order or structure
• 安排；处理；分配:
 »Modern computers can organize large amounts of data very quickly.
  现代计算机能迅速处理大量的信息资料。
 »You should try and organize your time better.
  你应该尽量更有效地分配你的时间。
 »We do not fully understand how the brain is organized.
  我们不完全了解大脑是怎样构成的。
3. [VN] ~ yourself / sb to plan your / sb's work and activities in an efficient way
• 规划；管理；照料:
 »I'm sure you don't need me to organize you.
  我相信你用不着我照顾你了吧。
4. to form a group of people with a shared aim especially a union or political party
• 成立,组建,建立(联盟、党派等):
▪ [VN]
 »the right of workers to organize themselves into unions
  工人自行组织工会的权利
▪ [also V]
--› see also disorganized
♦ or∙gan∙izer, -iser noun:
 »the organizers of the festival
  节日活动的筹划者
--› see also personal organizer
tour∙na∙ment / ˈtuənəmənt; ˈtɔ:n-; ˈtə:n-; NAme ˈturn-; ˈtə:rn- /
◙ noun
1. (NAmE less frequent tour∙ney) a sports competition involving a number of teams or players who take part in different games and must leave the competition if they lose. The competition continues until there is only the winner left.
• 锦标赛；联赛:
 »a golf / squash / tennis, etc. tournament
  高尔夫球、壁球、网球等锦标赛
2. a competition in the Middle Ages between soldiers on horseback fighting to show courage and skill
• (中世纪的)骑士比武
award / əˈwɔ:d; NAmE əˈwɔ:rd /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (for sth) (often in names of particular awards 常用于奖项名称) a prize such as money, etc. for sth that sb has done
• 奖；奖品；奖金；奖状:
 »to win / receive / get an award for sth
  因某事赢得/得到/获得奖项
 »He was nominated for the best actor award.
  他获得最佳演员奖提名。
 »an award presentation / ceremony
  颁奖；颁奖仪式
 »the Housing Design Award
  住宅设计奖
--› see also Academy Award
2. [C] an increase in the amount of money sb earns
• (收入的)增加:
 »an annual pay award
  年工资增加
3. [C, U] the amount of money that a court decides should be given to sb who has won a case; the decision to give this money
• (赔偿)裁定额；(赔偿)裁决:
 »an award of £600 000 libel damages
  裁定名誉损害赔偿 60 万英镑
4. [U] the official decision to give sth (such as a diploma ) to sb
• (毕业证书等的)授予:
 »Satisfactory completion of the course will lead to the award of the Diploma of Social Work.
  合格完成此课程者将获得社会福利工作文凭。
5. [C] (BrE) money that students get to help pay for living costs while they study or do research
• 奖学金；助学金
◙ verb
• ~ (sb) sth | ~ sth (to sb) to make an official decision to give sth to sb as a payment, prize, etc.
• 授予；奖励；判给:
▪ [VN]
 »He was awarded damages of £50 000.
  他判得损害赔偿金 5 万英镑。
▪ [VN VNN]
 »The judges awarded equal points to both finalists.
  裁判判定决赛双方得分相等。
 »The judges awarded both finalists equal points.
  裁判判定决赛双方得分相等。
yeti / ˈjeti / (also æˌbominable 'Snowman)
◙ noun
• a large creature like a bear or a man covered with hair, that some people believe lives in the Himalayan mountains
• 雪人(似人或似熊的巨大长毛动物,据传生活在喜马拉雅山)
Big∙foot / ˈbiɡfut /
◙ noun (pl. Big∙feet)
• (also Sas∙quatch) a large creature covered with hair like an ape , which some people believe lives in western N America
• (据信出没于北美西部的)大脚野人,大脚怪
hairy / ˈheəri; NAme ˈheri /
◙ adj. (hair∙ier, hairi∙est)
1. covered with a lot of hair
• 多毛的:
 »a hairy chest / monster
  多毛的胸脯；长满毛的怪兽
 »plants with hairy stems
  茎部有绒毛的植物
2. (informal) dangerous or frightening but often exciting
• 惊险的；可怕(但刺激)的:
 »Driving on icy roads can be pretty hairy.
  在结冰的道路上开车很惊险。
 »a hairy experience
  令人毛骨悚然的经历
♦ hairi∙ness noun [U]
at∙tack / əˈtæk /
◙ noun
›› VIOLENCE 暴力
1. [C, U] ~ (on sb) an act of using violence to try to hurt or kill sb
• 袭击；攻击:
 »a series of racist attacks
  一连串的种族袭击行为
›› IN WAR 战争
2. [C, U] ~ (on sb / sth) an act of trying to kill or injure the enemy in war, using weapons such as guns and bombs
• (在战争中使用武器的)进攻,攻击:
 »to launch / make / mount an attack
  发起/进行攻击；发动进攻
 »The patrol came under attack from all sides.
  巡逻队受到四面八方的攻击。
--› see also counter-attack
›› CRITICISM 批评
3. [C, U] ~ (on sb / sth) strong criticism of sb / sth in speech or in writing
• (口头和书面的)抨击,非难:
 »a scathing attack on the government's policies
  对政府政策的猛烈抨击
 »The school has come under attack for failing to encourage bright pupils.
  这所学校因未能鼓励聪明学生而受到非难。
›› ACTION TO STOP STH 制止
4. [C] ~ (on sth) an action that you take to try to stop or change sth that you feel is bad
• 抑制；打击；处理:
 »to launch an all-out attack on poverty / unemployment
  全力打击贫穷/失业
›› OF ILLNESS 疾病
5. [C] a sudden, short period of illness, usually severe, especially an illness that you have often
• (尤指常发疾病的)发作,侵袭:
 »to suffer an asthma attack
  哮喘发作
 »an acute attack of food poisoning
  急性食物中毒
 »a panic attack
  一阵恐慌
 »(figurative) an attack of the giggles
  一阵格格傻笑
--› see also heart attack
›› OF EMOTION 情感
6. [C] a sudden period of feeling an emotion such as fear
• (情感的)一阵突发:
 »an attack of nerves
  突然紧张不安
›› DAMAGE 损害
7. [U, C] the action of sth such as an insect, or a disease, that causes damage to sth / sb
• (病虫等的)损害,伤害:
 »The roof timbers were affected by rot and insect attack.
  屋顶的木料已经腐朽并遭虫害。
›› IN SPORT 体育运动
8. [sing.] (BrE) (NAmE of∙fense) the players in a team whose job is to try to score goals or points
• 进攻队员:
 »Germany's attack has been weakened by the loss of some key players through injury.
  德国队几名主力队员因伤不能上场,削弱了进攻力量。
--› compare defence (7)
9. [C, U] the actions that players take to try to score a goal or win the game
• (队员等的)进攻:
 »a sustained attack on the Arsenal goal
  向阿森纳队球门的持续进攻
◙ verb
›› USE VIOLENCE 使用暴力
1. to use violence to try to hurt or kill sb
• 袭击；攻击
▪ [VN] [often passive] :
 »A woman was attacked and robbed by a gang of youths.
  一位妇女遭到一伙年轻人袭击和抢劫。
 »The man attacked him with a knife.
  那个男人持刀向他行凶。
▪ [V]
 »Most dogs will not attack unless provoked.
  大多数的狗受到挑衅才会攻击。
›› IN WAR 战争
2. to use weapons, such as guns and bombs against an enemy in a war, etc.
• (在战争等中使用武器)进攻,攻击:
▪ [VN]
 »At dawn the army attacked the town.
  军队在拂晓时向这座城镇发动攻击。
▪ [V]
 »The guerrillas attack at night.
  游击队在夜间发动袭击。
›› CRITICIZE 批评
3. [VN] ~ sb / sth (for sth / for doing sth) to criticize sb / sth severely
• 抨击；非难:
 »a newspaper article attacking the England football manager
  报纸上的一篇抨击英格兰足球队经理的文章
 »She has been attacked for ignoring her own party members.
  她因漠视本党党员而受到非难。
›› DAMAGE 损害
4. [VN] to have a harmful effect on sth
• 侵袭；损害:
 »a disease that attacks the brain
  侵袭大脑的疾病
 »The vines were attacked by mildew.
  葡萄藤受到了霉菌的侵害。
›› DO STH WITH ENERGY 奋力做
5. [VN] to deal with sth with a lot of energy and determination
• 奋力处理；全力对付:
 »Let's attack six problem at a time.
  咱们一次全力处理一个问题。
›› IN SPORT 体育运动
6. [V] to go forward in a game in order to try to score goals or points
• 进攻
--› compare defend (3) :
 »Spain attacked more in the second half and deserved a goal.
  西班牙队在下半场加强攻势,攻进了一球。
vil∙la∙ger / ˈvilidʒə(r) /
◙ noun
• a person who lives in a village
• 村民；乡村居民；乡下人
fur / fə:(r) /
◙ noun
1. [U] the soft thick mass of hair that grows on the body of some animals
• (动物浓厚的)软毛
2. [U] the skin of an animal with the fur still on it, used especially for making clothes
• (动物的)毛皮:
 »a fur coat
  毛皮大衣
 »the fur trade
  毛皮贸易
 »a fur farm (= where animals are bred and killed for their fur)
  毛皮动物饲养场
 »The animal is hunted for its fur.
  狩猎这种动物是为了获取其毛皮。
 »fur-lined gloves
  毛皮衬里手套
3. [U] an artificial material that looks and feels like fur
• 人造毛皮
4. [C] a piece of clothing, especially a coat or jacket, made of real or artificial fur
• 毛皮衣服,裘皮衣服(尤指大衣或短上衣):
 »elegant ladies in furs
  穿着裘皮衣服的高雅贵妇
5. (BrE) = scale n. (9)
6. [U] a greyish-white layer that forms on a person's tongue, especially when they are ill / sick
• 舌苔
--› see also furred
furl / fə:l; NAmE fə:rl /
◙ verb [VN]
• to roll and fasten sth such as a sail, a flag or an umbrella
• 卷起,收拢(帆、旗或伞)
track / træk /
◙ noun
›› ROUGH PATH 崎岖不平的小路
1. [C] a rough path or road, usually one that has not been built but that has been made by people walking there
• (人踩出的)小道,小径:
 »a muddy track through the forest
  穿过森林的泥泞小径
--› see also cart track
›› MARKS ON GROUND 地面上的痕迹
2. [C, usually pl.] marks left by a person, an animal or a moving vehicle
• (人、动物或车辆留下的)足迹,踪迹；车辙:
 »We followed the bear's tracks in the snow.
  我们跟着熊在雪地上留下的足迹走。
 »tyre tracks
  轮胎印迹
›› FOR TRAIN 火车
3. [C, U] rails that a train moves along
• 轨道:
 »railway / railroad tracks
  铁路轨道
 »India has thousands of miles of track.
  印度有数千英里的铁道。
4. [C] (NAmE) a track with a number at a train station that a train arrives at or leaves from
• (火车站的)站台:
 »The train for Chicago is on track 9.
  开往芝加哥的列车停靠在 9 号站台。
--› note at platform
›› FOR RACES 赛跑
5. [C] a piece of ground with a special surface for people, cars, etc. to have races on
• (赛跑、赛车等的)跑道:
 »a running track
  赛跑跑道
 »a Formula One Grand Prix track (= for motor racing)
  一级方程式大奖赛赛道
--› see also dirt track (2), track and field
›› DIRECTION / COURSE 方向；路线
6. [C] the path or direction that sb / sth is moving in
• (移动的)路径,路线,方向:
 »Police are on the track of (= searching for) the thieves.
  警察正在追踪窃贼。
 »She is on the fast track to promotion (= will get it quickly).
  她现在升迁在望。
--› see also one-track mind
›› ON TAPE / CD 录音磁带；光盘
7. [C] a piece of music or song on a record, tape or CD
• (唱片、录音磁带或光盘的)一首乐曲,一首歌曲:
 »a track from their latest album
  他们最新唱片专辑里的一首歌曲
8. [C] part of a tape or computer disk that music or information can be recorded on
• (录音磁带或计算机磁盘的)音轨,声道:
 »a sixteen track recording studio
  十六声道录音室
 »She sang on the backing track.
  她是唱和声的。
--› see also soundtrack
›› FOR CURTAIN 幕帘
9. [C] a pole or rail that a curtain moves along
• (幕帘的)滑轨,滑道
›› ON LARGE VEHICLE 大型车辆
10. [C] a continuous belt of metal plates around the wheels of a large vehicle such as a bulldozer that allows it to move over the ground
• (推土机等的)履带
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌback on 'track
• going in the right direction again after a mistake, failure, etc.
• 重新步入正确轨道；恢复正常:
 »I tried to get my life back on track after my divorce.
  离婚之后我力图使生活恢复正常。
◘ be ˌon 'track
• to be doing the right thing in order to achieve a particular result
• 步入正轨；做法对头:
 »Curtis is on track for the gold medal.
  柯蒂斯正踏上夺取金牌之途。
◘ keep / lose track of sb / sth
• to have / not have information about what is happening or where sb / sth is
• 了解/不了解…的动态；与…保持/失去联系:
 »Bank statements help you keep track of where your money is going.
  银行账单有助于你了解你的资金使用情况。
 »I lost all track of time (= forgot what time it was).
  我一点儿也说不准现在是什么时间。
◘ make 'tracks
•(informal) to leave a place, especially to go home
• 离去(尤指回家)
◘ on the right / wrong 'track
• thinking or behaving in the right / wrong way
• 思路对头/不对头；做法对路/不对路
◘ stop / halt sb in their 'tracks | ◘ stop / halt / freeze in your 'tracks
• to suddenly make sb stop by frightening or surprising them; to suddenly stop because sth has frightened or surprised you
• (使由于恐惧或吃惊)突然止步；(使)怔住:
 »The question stopped Alice in her tracks.
  这个问题问得艾丽斯张口结舌无以答对。
--› more at beat v., cover v., hot adj., wrong adj.
◙ verb
›› FOLLOW 跟随
1. to find sb / sth by following the marks, signs, information, etc., that they have left behind them
• 跟踪；追踪:
▪ [VN]
 »hunters tracking and shooting bears
  追踪射猎熊的猎人
▪ [also V]
2. to follow the movements of sb / sth, especially by using special electronic equipment
• (尤指用特殊电子设备)跟踪,追踪:
▪ [VN]
 »We continued tracking the plane on our radar.
  我们继续用雷达追踪那架飞机。
▪ [also V wh-]
3. to follow the progress or development of sb / sth
• 跟踪(进展情况):
▪ [VN]
 »The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates.
  这个研究项目对 400 名毕业生的事业发展情况进行跟踪调查。
▪ [also V wh-]
--› see also fast-track
›› OF CAMERA 摄影机
4. [V +adv. / prep.] to move in relation to the thing that is being filmed
• 跟踪摄影；移动摄影:
 »The camera eventually tracked away.
  摄影机最终将镜头推远。
›› SCHOOL STUDENTS 学校学生
5. [VN] (NAmE) = stream v. (4)
›› LEAVE MARKS 留下痕迹
6. [VN] (especially NAmE) to leave dirty marks behind you as you walk
• 留下(脏)足迹:
 »Don't track mud on my clean floor.
  别在我干净的地板上踩上泥脚印。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌtrack sb / sth∽'down
• to find sb / sth after searching in several different places
• 搜寻到；跟踪找到；追查到
【SYN】 trace :
 »The police have so far failed to track down the attacker.
  警方至今未能追捕到攻击者。
centi∙metre (BrE) (NAmE centi∙meter) / ˈsentimi:tə(r) /
◙ noun (abbr. cm)
• a unit for measuring length. There are 100 centimetres in a metre.
• 厘米； 公分
length / leŋθ /
◙ noun
›› SIZE / MEASUREMENT 大小；度量
1. [U, C] the size or measurement of sth from one end to the other
• 长；长度:
 »This room is twice the length of the kitchen.
  这个房间的长度是厨房的两倍。
 »The river is 300 miles in length.
  这条河长 300 英里。
 »The snake usually reaches a length of 100 cm.
  蛇一般长达 100 厘米。
 »He ran the entire length of the beach (= from one end to the other).
  他跑完了海滩的全长。
 »Did you see the length of his hair?
  你看见他头发有多长吗？
--› compare breadth (1), width (1)
›› TIME 时间
2. [U, C] the amount of time that sth lasts
• (持续)时间的长短:
 »We discussed shortening the length of the course.
  我们就缩短这门课程的时限进行了讨论。
 »He was disgusted at the length of time he had to wait.
  他非常讨厌要等那么长时间。
 »She got a headache if she had to read for any length of time (= for a long time).
  她读书时间长了就头疼。
 »Size of pension depends partly on length of service with the company.
  退休金的多少部份取决于为公司服务时间的长短。
 »Each class is 45 minutes in length.
  每一节课为 45 分钟。
›› OF BOOK / MOVIE 书；电影
3. [U, C] the amount of writing in a book, or a document, etc.; the amount of time that a film / movie lasts
• (书或文件等的)篇幅；(电影的)片长:
 »Her novels vary in length.
  她的小说篇幅长短不一。
›› -LENGTH …长度
4. (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the length mentioned
• 有…长度的:
 »shoulder-length hair
  长及肩的头发
--› see also full-length , knee-length
›› OF SWIMMING POOL 游泳池
5. [C] the distance from one end of a swimming pool to the other
• 游泳池长度(一端至另一端的距离):
 »He swims 50 lengths a day.
  他每天游 50 个游泳池那么长的距离。
--› compare width (3)
›› IN RACE 赛跑
6. [C] the size of a horse or boat from one end to the other, when it is used to measure the distance between two horses or boats taking part in a race
• (马或船的)自身长度:
 »The horse won by two clear lengths.
  那匹马以整整领先两个马身的优势获胜。
›› LONG THIN PIECE 细长的段
7. [C] a long thin piece of sth
• 细长的一段(或一节、一根等):
 »a length of rope / string / wire
  一根绳子/细线/金属线
--› see also long adj.
【IDIOMS】
◘ at 'length | ◘ at... length
1. for a long time and in detail
• 长时间；详尽地:
 »He quoted at length from the report.
  他大段大段地引用报告中的话。
 »We have already discussed this matter at great length.
  我们已经十分详尽地讨论了这个问题。
2. (literary) after a long time
• 经过一段长时间以后；最后:
 »'I'm still not sure,' he said at length.
  "我还是没把握。"他最后说道。
◘ go to any, some, great, etc. 'lengths (to do sth)
• to put a lot of effort into doing sth, especially when this seems extreme
• 竭尽全力；不遗余力:
 »She goes to extraordinary lengths to keep her private life private.
  她竭尽全力让自己的私生活不受干扰。
◘ the length and 'breadth of...
• in or to all parts of a place
• 到处；处处；各地:
 »They have travelled the length and breadth of Europe giving concerts.
  他们为举行音乐会走遍了欧洲各地。
--› more at arm n.
exam∙ine / iɡˈzæmin /
◙ verb
1. to consider or study an idea, a subject, etc. very carefully
• 审查；调查；考查；考察:
▪ [VN]
 »These ideas will be examined in more detail in Chapter 10.
  这些观点将在第 10 章作更为详细的探讨。
▪ [V wh-]
 »It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out.
  有必要调查一下怎样才能实施这些方案。
2. [VN] ~ sth / sb (for sth) to look at sth / sb closely to see if there is anything wrong or to find the cause of a problem
• (仔细地)检查,检验:
 »The goods were examined for damage on arrival.
  货物到达时检查是否有破损。
 »The doctor examined her but could find nothing wrong.
  医生给她作了检查,但没发现什么问题。
--› note at check
3. [VN] ~ sb (in / on sth) (formal) to give sb a test to see how much they know about a subject or what they can do
• 考,测验(某人):
 »The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of term.
  期末时学生须要参加所有学科的考试。
 »You are only being examined on this semester's work.
  现在只考你在本学期学的课程。
4. [VN] (law 律) to ask sb questions formally, especially in court
• (尤指在法庭上)审问,查问
--› see also cross-examine
【IDIOMS】
--› see need v.
ˌnorth-'west
◙ noun
(usually the north-west) [sing.] (abbr. NW)
• the direction or region at an equal distance between north and west
• 西北；西北方；西北地区
♦ ˌnorth-'west adv., adj.
dozen / ˈdʌzn /
◙ noun , det. (pl. dozen)
1. [C] (abbr. doz.) a group of twelve of the same thing
• (一)打；十二个:
 »Give me a dozen, please.
  请给我来一打。
 »two dozen eggs
  两打鸡蛋
 »three dozen red roses
  三打红玫瑰
--› see also 's dozen">baker's dozen
2. [C] a group of approximately twelve people or things
• 十来个；十几个；十多个:
 »several dozen / a few dozen people
  数十/几十个人
 »The company employs no more than a couple of dozen people.
  这个公司顶多雇用了几十个人。
 »Only about half a dozen people turned up.
  只有六七个人到了。
 »There was only space for a half-dozen tables.
  只有摆六张桌子的地方。
3. dozens [pl.] ~ (of sth) (informal) a lot of people or things
• 许多；很多:
 »They arrived in dozens (= in large numbers).
  他们大批到达了。
 »I've been there dozens of times.
  我到那里去过很多次。
【IDIOMS】
--› see dime , nineteen , six
re∙serve / riˈzə:v; NAme riˈzə:rv /
◙ verb [VN]
1. ~ sth (for sb / sth) to ask for a seat, table, room, etc. to be available for you or sb else at a future time
• 预订,预约(座位、席位、房间等)
【SYN】 book :
 »I'd like to reserve a table for seven for three o'clock.
  我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
 »I've reserved a room in the name of Jones.
  我以琼斯的名字预订了一个房间。
--› compare book v. (1)
2. ~ sth (for sb / sth) to keep sth for sb / sth, so that it cannot be used by any other person or for any other reason
• 保留；贮备:
 »These seats are reserved for special guests.
  这些座位是留给贵宾的。
 »I'd prefer to reserve (my) judgement (= not make a decision) until I know all the facts.
  在了解全部事实之前我不想发表意见。
3. to have or keep a particular power
• 拥有,保持,保留(某种权利):
 »The management reserves the right to refuse admission.
  管理部门有权拒绝接收。 (law 律)
 »All rights reserved (= nobody else can publish or copy this).
  版权所有
◙ noun
›› SUPPLY 补给
1. [C, usually pl.] a supply of sth that is available to be used in the future or when it is needed
• 储备(量)；储藏(量):
 »large oil and gas reserves
  大量的石油和天然气贮藏量
 »He discovered unexpected reserves of strength.
  他出乎意料地发现还有体力。
 »reserve funds
  储备金
›› PROTECTED LAND 受保护土地
2. (NAmE also pre∙serve) [C] a piece of land that is a protected area for animals, plants, etc.
• (动植物)保护区；自然保护区:
 »a wildlife reserve
  野生动植物保护区
--› see also game reserve , nature reserve
3. [C] = reservation (3)
›› QUALITY / FEELING 品质；情感
4. [U] the quality that sb has when they do not talk easily to other people about their ideas, feelings, etc.
• 内向；寡言少语；矜持
【SYN】 reticence :
 »She found it difficult to make friends because of her natural reserve.
  她因天性矜持很难交到朋友。
5. [U] (formal) a feeling that you do not want to accept or agree to sth, etc. until you are quite sure that it is all right to do so
• 谨慎；保留:
 »Any contract should be treated with reserve until it has been checked.
  任何契约在经过核实之前都应谨慎对待。
 »She trusted him without reserve (= completely).
  她完全信任他。
›› IN SPORT 体育运动
6. [C] an extra player who plays in a team when six of the other players is injured or not available to play
• 替补队员；后备队员
7. the reserves [pl.] a team that is below the level of the main team
• 替补队；预备队；后备队
›› MILITARY FORCE 军队
8. the reserve [sing.] (also the reserves [pl.]) an extra military force, etc. that is not part of a country's regular forces, but is available to be used when needed
• 预备役部队；后备部队:
 »the army reserve(s)
  预备役部队
 »the reserve police
  预备役警察
›› PRICE 价格
9. (also re'serve price) [C] (BrE) the lowest price that sb will accept for sth, especially sth that is sold at an auction
• (尤指拍卖中的)底价,最低价
【IDIOMS】
◘ in re'serve
• available to be used in the future or when needed
• 储备；备用:
 »The money was being kept in reserve for their retirement.
  他们把钱存着以备退休后使用。
 »200 police officers were held in reserve.
  * 200 名警察随时待命。
strength / streŋθ /
◙ noun
›› BEING PHYSICALLY STRONG 强壮；牢固
1. [U, sing.] ~ to do sth the quality of being physically strong
• 体力；力气；力量:
 »He pushed against the rock with all his strength.
  他用全力推那块石头。
 »It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.
  可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。
 »She didn't have the strength to walk any further.
  她再也走不动了。
 »He had a physical strength that matched his outward appearance.
  他的体力与他的外形相称。
2. [U] the ability that sth has to resist force or hold heavy weights without breaking or being damaged
• 强度:
 »the strength of a rope
  绳子的强度
--› see also industrial-strength
›› BEING BRAVE 勇敢
3. [U, sing.] the quality of being brave and determined in a difficult situation
• 毅力；坚强决心；意志力量:
 »During this ordeal he was able to draw strength from his faith.
  在这次磨难中,他得以从自己的信仰中吸取力量。
 »She has a remarkable inner strength.
  她有非凡的意志力量。
 »You have shown great strength of character.
  你表现得很有毅力。
›› POWER / INFLUENCE 实力；势力
4. [U] the power and influence that sb / sth has
• 实力:
 »Political power depends upon economic strength.
  政治权力取决于经济实力。
 »Their superior military strength gives them a huge advantage.
  他们军事实力较强,占有巨大优势。
 »to negotiate from a position of strength
  以实力地位谈判
 »The rally was intended to be a show of strength by the socialists.
  社会主义者组织这次集会意在显示力量。
›› OF OPINION / FEELING 意见；感情
5. [U] how strong or deeply felt an opinion or a feeling is
• 强烈程度；深度:
 »the strength of public opinion
  公众舆论的强烈程度
 »This view has recently gathered strength (= become stronger or more widely held).
  这种观点近来已为更多人接受了。
 »I was surprised by the strength of her feelings.
  她感情之强烈让我吃惊。
›› ADVANTAGE 优势
6. [C] a quality or an ability that a person or thing has that gives them an advantage
• 优势；优点；长处:
 »The ability to keep calm is one of her many strengths.
  能够保持冷静是她的多项长处之一。
 »the strengths and weaknesses of an argument
  一个论点的有力之处与薄弱之处
›› OF NATURAL FORCE 自然力
7. [U] how strong a natural force is
• 强度；力度:
 »the strength of the sun
  太阳的强度
 »wind strength
  风力
 »the strength and direction of the tide
  潮水的流速与方向
›› OF FLAVOUR 味道
8. [U, C] how strong a particular flavour or substance is
• 浓度；浓淡程度:
 »Add more curry powder depending on the strength required.
  按所要求的口味轻重再加点咖喱粉。
 »a range of beers with different strengths (= with different amounts of alcohol in them)
  各种度数不同的啤酒
›› OF CURRENCY 货币
9. [U] how strong a country's currency (= unit of money) is in relation to other countries' currencies
• 强弱(程度):
 »the strength of the dollar
  美元的强弱
›› NUMBER IN GROUP 群体人数多寡
10. [U] the number of people in a group, a team or an organization
• 人数多寡；人力:
 »The strength of the workforce is about to be doubled from 3 000 to 6 000.
  职工人数将翻一番,由 3 000 人增加为 6 000 人。
 »The team will be back at full strength (= with all the best players) for the next match.
  这支队在下场比赛将恢复最佳的阵容。
 »The protesters turned out in strength (= in large numbers).
  抗议者大量聚集。
 »These cuts have left the local police force under strength (= with fewer members than it needs).
  这几次裁减造成地方警力不足。
【IDIOMS】
◘ go from ˌstrength to 'strength
• to become more and more successful
• 越来越兴旺发达；不断取得成功:
 »Since her appointment the department has gone from strength to strength.
  自她上任以来,这个部门越来越兴旺了。
◘ on the strength of sth
• because sb has been influenced or persuaded by sth
• 凭藉(或根据)某事物；在某事物的影响下:
 »I got the job on the strength of your recommendation.
  由于您的推荐,我得到了那份工作。
--› more at tower n.
be∙long / biˈlɔŋ; NAmE -lɔ:ŋ /
◙ verb (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时)
1. [V +adv. / prep.] to be in the right or suitable place
• 应在(某处):
 »Where do these plates belong (= where are they kept) ?
  这些盘子该放在哪里？
 »Are you sure these documents belong together?
  你肯定这些文件应放在一起吗？
2. [V] to feel comfortable and happy in a particular situation or with a particular group of people
• 适应；合得来:
 »I don't feel as if I belong here.
  我在这里感觉格格不入。
♦ be∙long∙ing noun [U] :
 »to feel a sense of belonging
  有一种归属感
【PHR V】
◘ be'long to sb
1. to be owned by sb
• 属于某人；归某人所有:
 »Who does this watch belong to?
  这块表是谁的？
 »The islands belong to Spain.
  这些岛屿隶属西班牙。
2. an event, a competition, etc. that belongs to sb is six in which they are the most successful or popular
• (事件、比赛等中某人)获胜,最受欢迎:
 »British actors did well at the award ceremony, but the evening belonged to the Americans.
  英国演员在颁奖仪式上表现很好,但整个晚上却是美国人大出风头。
◘ be'long to sth
1. to be a member of a club, an organization, etc.
• 是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员:
 »Have you ever belonged to a political party?
  你加入过什么政党吗？
2. to be part of a particular group, type, or system
• 是(某族类或纲目)的一部份；属于:
 »Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
  狮子和老虎属于猫科。
ex∙ist∙ence / iɡˈzistəns /
◙ noun
1. [U] the state or fact of being real or living or of being present
• 存在；实有:
 »I was unaware of his existence until today.
  直到今天我才知道有他这么个人。
 »This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence.
  这是现存最古老的希伯来语手稿。
 »Pakistan came into existence as an independent country after the war.
  巴基斯坦在战后就以一个独立的国家存在了。
 »a crisis that threatens the industry's continued existence
  对这一行业的继续生存构成威胁的危机
2. [C] a way of living especially when this is difficult or boring
• (尤指艰难或无聊的)生活,生活方式:
 »The family endured a miserable existence in a cramped apartment.
  这家人在狭小的公寓里艰难度日。
 »We led a poor but happy enough existence as children.
  我们儿时的生活虽然贫穷却过得很愉快。
 »They eke out a precarious existence (= they have hardly enough money to live on).
  他们勉强维持着朝不保夕的生活。
 »The peasants depend on a good harvest for their very existence (= in order to continue to live).
  农民靠丰收才能活命。
con∙vince / kənˈvins /
◙ verb
1. ~ sb / yourself (of sth) to make sb / yourself believe that sth is true
• 使确信；使相信；使信服:
▪ [VN]
 »You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
  你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。
▪ [VN (that)]
 »I'd convinced myself (that) I was right.
  我确信自己是正确的。
2. [VN to inf] to persuade sb to do sth
• 说服,劝说(某人做某事):
 »I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor.
  我一直劝他去看病。
--› note at persuade
link / liŋk /
◙ noun
1. ~ (between A and B) a connection between ten or more people or things
• 联系；连接:
 »Police suspect there may be a link between the ten murders.
  警方怀疑那两桩凶杀案可能有关联。
 »evidence for a strong causal link between exposure to sun and skin cancer
  太阳曝晒与皮肤癌之间有紧密因果关系的证据
--› see also missing link
2. ~ (between A and B) | ~ (with sth) a relationship between ten or more people, countries or organizations
• 关系；纽带:
 »to establish trade links with Asia
  与亚洲建立贸易关系
 »Social customs provide a vital link between generations.
  社会风俗在代与代之间起到了极其重要的纽带作用。
3. a means of travelling or communicating between ten places
• 交通路线；通讯手段:
 »a high-speed rail link
  高速的铁路交通
 »a link road
  连接起来的道路
 »a video link
  视频线路
 »The speech was broadcast via a satellite link.
  这次演讲是通过衞星播放的。
4. (computing 计) a place in an electronic document that is connected to another electronic document or to another part of the same document
• 链接:
 »To visit similar websites to this one, click on the links at the bottom of the page.
  要访问与这个网站类似的网站,点击网页底部的链接。
--› see also hotlink
5. each ring of a chain
• (链状物的)环,节,圈
--› see also cufflink
【IDIOMS】
◘ a link in the 'chain
• one of the stages in a process or a line of argument
• 链条中的一个环节；整个过程中的一个阶段
--› more at weak
◙ verb [VN] [often passive] ~ A to / with B | ~ A and B (together)
1. to make a physical or electronic connection between six object, machine, place, etc. and another
• 把(物体、机器、地方等)连接起来
【SYN】 connect :
 »The video cameras are linked to a powerful computer.
  这些摄像机是与一台功能强大的计算机相连接的。
 »The Channel Tunnel links Britain with the rest of Europe.
  英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接起来了。
 »When computers are networked, they are linked together so that information can be transferred between them.
  计算机联网连接,即彼此可供互传信息。
2. if sth links two things, facts or situations, or they are linked, they are connected in some way
• 联系；相关联:
 »Exposure to ultraviolet light is closely linked to skin cancer.
  受紫外线照射与皮肤癌紧密相关。
 »The ten factors are directly linked.
  这两个因素直接联系在一起。
 »The personal and social development of the child are inextricably linked (= they depend on each other).
  儿童在自身和与人交往两方面的成长是相辅相成的。
3. to state that there is a connection or relationship between ten things or people
• 说明(两件东西或两人之间)有联系(或关系)
【SYN】 associate :
 »Detectives have linked the break-in to a similar crime in the area last year.
  侦探认为这起入室盗窃案与去年此地区一类似案件有关。
 »Newspapers have linked his name with the singer.
  报章报道把他的名字与那名歌手连在一起。
4. to join ten things by putting six through the other
• 挽住；鈎住；套在一起:
 »The ten girls linked arms as they strolled down the street.
  两个女孩挽着胳臂沿街漫步而行。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌlink 'up (with sb / sth)
• to join or become joined with sb / sth
• (与…)连接,结合；使连接；使结合:
 »The ten spacecraft will link up in orbit.
  两艘宇宙飞船将在轨道上对接。
 »The bands have linked up for a charity concert.
  这些乐队已联合起来,准备办一场慈善音乐会。
--› related noun link-up
an∙ces∙tor / ˈænsestə(r) /
◙ noun
1. a person in your family who lived a long time ago
• 祖宗；祖先:
 »His ancestors had come to America from Ireland.
  他的祖先从爱尔兰来到美国。
【SYN】 forebear
2. an animal that lived in the past which a modern animal has developed from
• (动物的)原种:
 »a reptile that was the common ancestor of lizards and turtles
  作为蜥蜴和龟的共同原种的一种爬行动物
3. an early form of a machine which later became more developed
• (机器的)原型
【SYN】 forerunner :
 »The ancestor of the modern bicycle was called a penny-farthing.
  现代自行车的原型称作 penny-farthing (一种前轮大后轮小的自行车)。
--› compare descendant
♦ an∙ces∙tral / ænˈsestrəl / adj.:
 »her ancestral home (= that had belonged to her ancestors )
  她的祖居
sur∙vive / səˈvaiv; NAme sərˈv- /
◙ verb
1. [V] ~ (from sth) | ~ (on sth) | ~ (as sth) to continue to live or exist
• 生存；存活；继续存在:
 »She was the last surviving member of the family.
  她是这家人中仅存的一员。
 »Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.
  因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中,只有两人活了下来。
 »Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.
  有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
 »I can't survive on £40 a week (= it is not enough for my basic needs).
  一星期 40 英镑,我无法维持生活。
 »He survived as party leader until his second election defeat.
  直至第二次参选失败他才不再担任党的领导人。
 »(humorous) 'How are you these days?' 'Oh, surviving.'
  "你近来好吗？" "嗨,凑合过吧。"
 »Don't worry, it's only a scratch—you'll survive.
  别担心,只不过是划伤,你没事的。
2. to continue to live or exist despite a dangerous event or time
• 幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过:
▪ [VN]
 »The company managed to survive the crisis.
  公司设法渡过了危机。
 »Many birds didn't survive the severe winter.
  很多鸟死于这次严冬。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
 »Few buildings survived the war intact.
  战争之后没几座完好的建筑了。
3. [VN] to live or exist longer than sb / sth
• 比…活(或存在)的时间长
【SYN】 outlive :
 »She survived her husband by ten years.
  丈夫死后她又活了十年。