m2u2ad∙ven∙ture / ədˈventʃə(r) / ◙ noun 1. [C] an unusual, exciting or dangerous experience, journey or series of events • 冒险；冒险经历；奇遇: »her adventures travelling in Africa 她在非洲旅行时的冒险经历 »When you're a child, life is six big adventure. 在孩提时代,生活是一大不寻常的经历。 »adventure stories 历险故事 2. [U] excitement and the willingness to take risks, try new ideas, etc. • 冒险的刺激；大胆开拓: »a sense / spirit of adventure 冒险意识/精神
ar∙range / əˈreindʒ / ◙ verb 1. to plan or organize sth in advance • 安排；筹备: ▪ [VN] »The party was arranged quickly. 聚会很快就安排好了。 »She arranged a loan with the bank. 她和银行商定了一项贷款。 »Can I arrange an appointment for Monday? 我可以安排星期一约见吗？ »We met at six, as arranged. 我们按时在六点钟碰面。 ▪ [V wh-] »We've still got to arrange how to get to the airport. 我们还得安排如何到达机场。 ▪ [V] »We arranged for a car to collect us from the airport. 我们安排了一辆轿车到机场接我们。 »I've arranged with the neighbours about feeding the cat while we are away. 我们外出期间给猫喂食的事,我已和邻居安排妥了。 ▪ [V to inf] »Have you arranged to meet him? 你安排好去见他了吗？ ▪ [V that] »I've arranged that we can borrow their car. 我已经说好了,我们可以借用他们的车。 2. [VN] to put sth in a particular order; to make sth neat or attractive • 整理；排列；布置: »The books are arranged alphabetically by author. 这些书是按作者姓名字母顺序排列的。 »I must arrange my financial affairs and make a will. 我必须把我的财务安排好,并立下遗嘱。 »She arranged the flowers in a vase. 她把花瓶中的花插好。 3. [VN] ~ sth (for sth) to write or change a piece of music so that it is suitable for a particular instrument or voice • 谱写,改编(乐曲): »He arranged traditional folk songs for the piano. 他把传统民歌改编成钢琴曲。
extra∙or∙din∙ary / ikˈstrɔ:dnri; NAmE ikˈstrɔ:rdəneri / ◙ adj. 1. unexpected, surprising or strange • 意想不到的；令人惊奇的；奇怪的 【SYN】incredible: »It's extraordinary that he managed to sleep through the party. 真想不到他竟然从聚会开始一直睡到结束。 »What an extraordinary thing to say! 真是咄咄怪事！ 2. not normal or ordinary; greater or better than usual • 不平常的；不一般的；非凡的；卓越的: »an extraordinary achievement 卓越的成就 »She was a truly extraordinary woman. 她是位非常杰出的女性。 »They went to extraordinary lengths to explain their behaviour. 他们竭力为自己的行为辩解。 --› compareordinary 3. [only before noun] (formal) (of a meeting, etc. 会议等) arranged for a special purpose and happening in addition to what normally or regularly happens • 特别的；临时的: »An extraordinary meeting was held to discuss the problem. 举行了特别会议讨论这个问题。 4. (following nouns 紧接名词之后) (technical 术语) (of an official 官员) employed for a special purpose in addition to the usual staff • 特派的；特命的: »an envoy extraordinary 特使 ♦ extra∙or∙din∙ar∙ily / ikˈstrɔ:dnrəli; NAmE ikˌstrɔ:rdəˈnerəli / adv.: »He behaves extraordinarily for someone in his position. 对他那种地位的人来说,他的行为很特别。 »extraordinarily difficult 特别困难 »She did extraordinarily well. 她干得特别好。
flight / flait / ◙ noun ›› JOURNEY BY AIR 空中航行 1. [C] a journey made by air, especially in a plane • (尤指乘飞机的)空中航行,航程: »a smooth / comfortable / bumpy flight 平稳/舒适/颠簸的空中航行 »a domestic / an international flight 国内/国际航班 »a hot-air balloon flight 热气球航行 »We met on a flight from London to Paris. 我们在从伦敦到巴黎的飞行途中相遇。 --› see alsoin-flight ›› PLANE 飞机 2. [C] a plane making a particular journey • 航班飞机；班机: »We're booked on the same flight. 我们订了同一班机的机票。 »Flight BA 4793 is now boarding at Gate 17. * BA 4793 航班现在正在 17 号登机口登机。 »If we leave now, I can catch the earlier flight. 我们要是现在动身,我就可以赶上早一点的航班。 »mercy / relief flights (= planes taking help to countries where there is a war) 急救/救援班机(运送救援物资至发生战争的国家) ›› FLYING 飞 3. [U] the act of flying • 飞行；飞翔: »the age of supersonic flight 超音速飞行时代 »flight safety 飞行安全 »The bird is easily recognized in flight (= when it is flying) by the black band at the end of its tail. 这种鸟尾部末端有一条黑带,飞翔时很容易认出来。 ›› MOVEMENT OF OBJECT 物体的运动 4. [U] the movement or direction of an object as it travels through the air • (物体的)飞行,飞行方向: »the flight of a ball 球的飞行 ›› OF STEPS 台阶 5. [C] a series of steps between ten floors or levels • 一段楼梯；一段阶梯: »She fell down a flight of stairs / steps and hurt her back. 她从一段楼梯上跌了下来,摔伤了背。 ›› RUNNING AWAY 逃走 6. [U, sing.] the act of running away from a dangerous or difficult situation • (从危险或困境中的)逃避,躲避: »the flight of refugees from the advancing forces 难民躲避挺进的军队 »The main character is a journalist in flight from a failed marriage. 主角是一个逃避失败婚姻的记者。 ›› OF FANCY / IMAGINATION 幻想；想像 7. [C] ~ of fancy / imagination an idea or a statement that shows a lot of imagination but is not practical or sensible • 异想天开；奇思怪想；天花乱坠 ›› GROUP OF BIRDS / AIRCRAFT 鸟/机群 8. [C] a group of birds or aircraft flying together • (一起飞行的)鸟群(或机群): »a flight of geese 一队飞雁 »an aircraft of the Queen's flight 女王专机机队中的一架飞机
【IDIOMS】
◘ in the first / top 'flight • among the best of a particular group • 名列前茅；佼佼者 --› see alsotop-flight ◘ put sb to 'flight •(old-fashioned) to force sb to run away • 迫使逃窜 ◘ take 'flight • to run away • 逃走: »The gang took flight when they heard the police car. 这伙歹徒听见警车声就逃走了。 ◙ verb [VN] • [usually passive] (BrE) (sport 体) to kick, hit or throw a ball through the air in a skilful way • (熟练地踢、击或掷)使球在空中飞行: »He equalized with a beautifully flighted shot. 他漂亮一击把比分扳平。
camel / ˈkæml / ◙ noun 1. [C] an animal with a long neck and six or twohumpson its back, used in desert countries for riding on or for carrying goods • 骆驼 --› comparedromedary 2. [U] =camel hair: »a camel coat 驼毛外衣
【IDIOMS】
--› seestrawdes∙ert ◙ noun / ˈdezət; NAmE ˈdezərt / --› see alsodesertsəɔ, u] • a large area of land that has very little water and very few plants growing on it. Many deserts are covered by sand. • 沙漠；荒漠；荒原: »the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉大沙漠 »Somalia is mostly desert. 索马里大部份地区都是荒漠。 »burning desert sands 沙漠里灼热的沙 »(figurative) a cultural desert (= a place without any culture) 文化沙漠 ◙ verb / diˈzə:t; NAmE diˈzə:rt / 1. əʒŋ] to leave sb without help or support • 抛弃,离弃,遗弃(某人) 【SYN】abandon: »She was deserted by her husband. 她被丈夫遗弃了。 2. [VN] [often passive] to go away from a place and leave it empty • 舍弃,离弃(某地方) 【SYN】abandon: »The villages had been deserted. 这些村庄已经荒无人烟了。 »The owl seems to have deserted its nest. 这只猫头鹰似乎不要这个窝了。 3. to leave the armed forces without permission • 擅离(部队)；逃走；开小差: ▪ [V] »Large numbers of soldiers deserted as defeat became inevitable. 战败已成定局,许多士兵开小差跑了。 ▪ [also VN] 4. [VN] to stop using, buying or supporting sth • 废弃；放弃；撇下不管: »Why did you desert teaching for politics? 你为什么弃教从政呢？ 5. [VN] if a particular quality deserts you, it is not there when you need it • 背离；使失望: »Her courage seemed to desert her for a moment. 她一时间似乎失去了勇气。 ♦ de∙ser∙tion / diˈzə:ʃn; NAmE -ˈzə:r- / noun [U, C] : »She felt betrayed by her husband's desertion. 她感到丈夫遗弃她辜负了她的心。 »The army was badly affected by desertions. 开小差使部队大受影响。
【IDIOMS】
--› seesinkv.
dusty / ˈdʌsti / ◙ adj. (dust∙ier, dusti∙est) 1. full of dust; covered with dust • 布满灰尘的；灰尘覆盖的: »a dusty road 尘土飞扬的路 »piles of dusty books 一摞一摞布满灰尘的书 --› note atdirty 2. (of a colour 颜色) not bright; dull • 土灰色的；灰暗的；无光泽的: »dusty pink 土灰粉红色
shade / ʃeid / ◙ noun ›› OUT OF SUN 背阴 1. [U] ~ (of sth) an area that is dark and cool under or behind sth, for example a tree or building, because the sun's light does not get to it • 阴凉处；背阴；(树)阴: »We sat down in the shade of the wall. 我们在墙根的背阴处坐下。 »The temperature can reach 40°C in the shade. 背阴处温度可达 40°C。 »The trees provide shade for the animals in the summer. 夏天,这些树为动物提供乘凉的地方。 --› see alsoshady ›› ON LAMP, ETC. 灯等 2. [C] a thing that you use to prevent light from coming through or to make it less bright • 灯罩: »I bought a new shade for the lamp. 我给那盏灯买了一个新罩子。 »an eyeshade 遮阳眼罩 --› see alsolampshade,sunshade ›› ON WINDOW 窗户 3. [C] (also 'window shade) (both NAmE) =blind n. (1) ›› OF COLOUR 色彩 4. [C] ~ (of sth) a particular form of a colour, that is, how dark or light it is • 浓淡深浅；色度: »a delicate / pale / rich / soft shade of red 淡/浅 / 艳/柔和的红色 --› note atcolour ›› IN PICTURE 绘画 5. [U] the dark areas in a picture, especially the use of these to produce variety • 暗部；阴影部份: »The painting needs more light and shade. 这幅画明暗层次不够。 ›› OF OPINION / FEELING 看法；感觉 6. [C, usually pl.] ~ of sth a different kind or level of opinion, feeling, etc. • 差别；不同: »politicians of all shades of opinion 持各种政见的政治人物 »The word has many shades of meaning. 这个词有很多层意思。 ›› SLIGHTLY 略微 7. a shade [sing.] a little; slightly • 一点；略微 【SYN】touch: »He was feeling a shade disappointed. 他略感失望。 ›› FOR EYES 眼睛 8. shades [pl.] (informal) =sunglasses ›› STH THAT REMINDS YOU 唤起回忆的事物 9. shades of sb / sth [pl.] (informal) used when you are referring to things that remind you of a particular person, thing or time • (人物、事情、时间的)痕迹,影子,遗风: »short skirts and long boots—shades of the 1960s 短裙和高筒靴 ——20 世纪 60 年代的余韵 ›› GHOST 鬼魂 10. [C] (literary) the spirit of a dead person; aghost • 阴魂；幽灵；鬼
【IDIOMS】
◘ put sb / sth in the 'shade • to be much better or more impressive than sb / sth • 使(某人或事物)黯然失色；使相形见绌: »I tried hard but her work put mine in the shade. 我费了很大力气,但她的成果让我相形见绌。 ◙ verb [VN] ›› FROM DIRECT LIGHT 直射光线 1. ~ sb / sth (from / against sth) to prevent direct light from reaching sth • 给…遮挡(光线): »The courtyard was shaded by high trees. 庭院荫庇在大树下。 »She shaded her eyes against the sun. 她遮住眼睛避免阳光直射。 ›› LAMP 灯 2. [usually passive] to provide a screen for a lamp, light, etc. to make it less bright • 加灯罩: »a shaded lamp 有罩的灯 ›› PART OF PICTURE 图画的部份 3. ~ sth (in) to make a part of a drawing, etc. darker, for example with an area of colour or with pencil lines • 把…涂暗；画阴影: »What do the shaded areas on the map represent? 地图上颜色深的部份代表什么？ »I'm going to shade this part in. 我要把这一部份画得再暗一些。 ›› JUST WIN 险胜 4. (BrE, informal) to just win a contest • 险胜
【PHR V】
◘ ˌshade 'into sth • to change gradually into sth else, so that you cannot tell where six thing ends and the other thing begins • (界线模糊地)渐变: »The scarlet of the wings shades into pink at the tips. 猩红的翅膀到了翼端渐变浅红。 »Distrust of foreigners can shade into racism. 对外国人的不信任可能逐渐演变成种族主义。 bril∙liant / ˈbriliənt / ◙ adj. 1. extremely clever or impressive • 巧妙的；使人印象深的: »What a brilliant idea! 真是个绝妙的主意！ »a brilliant performance / invention 出色的表演；杰出的发明 2. very successful • 很成功的: »a brilliant career 一帆风顺的事业 »The play was a brilliant success. 那个剧获得了巨大成功。 3. very intelligent or skilful • 聪颖的；技艺高的: »a brilliant young scientist 一位才华横溢的青年科学家 »She has one of the most brilliant minds in the country. 她是全国最有才气的人之一。 --› note atintelligent 4. (of light or colours 光线或色彩) very bright • 明亮的；鲜艳的: »brilliant sunshine 明媚的阳光 »brilliant blue eyes 明亮的蓝眼睛 --› note atbright 5. (BrE, informal) very good; excellent • 很好的；杰出的: »'How was it?' 'Brilliant!' "怎么样？" "棒极了！" »Thanks. You've been brilliant (= very helpful). 多谢。你帮大忙了。 --› note atgreat ♦ bril∙liance / ˈbriliəns / noun [U] ♦ bril∙li∙ant∙ly adv.: »The plan worked brilliantly. 计划实施得十分顺利。 »It was brilliantly sunny. 阳光明媚。
flash∙light / ˈflæʃlait / ◙ noun (especially NAmE) =torch(1)
al∙together / ˌɔ:ltəˈɡeðə(r) / ◙ adv. 1. (used to emphasize sth) completely; in every way • (用以强调)完全,全部: »The train went slower and slower until it stopped altogether. 火车愈来愈慢,最后完全停了。 »I don't altogether agree with you. 我不完全同意你的意见。 »I am not altogether happy about the decision. 我对这个决定并不十分满意。 »It was an altogether different situation. 这完全是另外一种情况。 2. used to give a total number or amount • (表示总数或总额)总共,一共: »You owe me £68 altogether. 你一共欠我 68 英镑。 3. used to introduce a summary when you have mentioned a number of different things • 总之；总而言之: »The food was good and we loved the music. Altogether it was a great evening. 吃的不错,音乐我们也喜欢。总之,那天晚上过得非常愉快。 ◙ noun • 【IDIOMS】 ◘ in the alto'gether (old-fashioned, informal) without any clothes on • 一丝不挂；赤身裸体
un∙com∙fort∙able / ʌnˈkʌmftəbl; BrE also -fət-; NAmE also -fərt- / ◙ adj. 1. (of clothes, furniture, etc. 衣服、家具等) not letting you feel physically comfortable; unpleasant to wear, sit on, etc. • 使人不舒服的；令人不舒适的: »uncomfortable shoes 不舒适的鞋子 »I couldn't sleep because the bed was so uncomfortable. 这牀太不舒服了,我睡不着觉。 【OPP】comfortable 2. not feeling physically relaxed, warm, etc. • 感到难受的；感觉不舒服(或不暖和等)的: »I was sitting in an extremely uncomfortable position. 我坐着的姿势难受极了。 »She still finds it uncomfortable to stand without support. 她不扶东西站着仍觉得不舒服。 【OPP】comfortable 3. anxious, embarrassed or afraid and unable to relax; making you feel like this • (使)焦虑的,尴尬的,害怕的,不自在的: »He looked distinctly uncomfortable when the subject was mentioned. 提到这个话题,他显然局促不安起来。 »There was an uncomfortable silence. 有一种令人不安的寂静。 【OPP】comfortable 4. unpleasant or difficult to deal with • 棘手的；麻烦的；难处理的: »an uncomfortable fact 令人头痛的事实 »I had the uncomfortable feeling that it was my fault. 我内心惴惴不安,觉得那是我的过错。
rough / rʌf / ◙ adj. (rough∙er, rough∙est) ›› NOT SMOOTH 不平滑 1. having a surface that is not even or regular • 粗糙的；不平滑的；高低不平的: »rough ground 高低不平的地面 »The skin on her hands was hard and rough. 她手上的皮肤粗糙而没有弹性。 »Trim rough edges with a sharp knife. 用锋利的刀将参差不齐的边切齐。 【OPP】smooth ›› NOT EXACT 不确切 2. not exact; not including all details • 不确切的；粗略的；大致的 【SYN】approximate: »a rough calculation / estimate of the cost 对成本的粗略计算/估计 »I've got a rough idea of where I want to go. 我大致知道我想去哪里了。 »There were about 20 people there, at a rough guess. 那里约计有 20 人。 »a rough draft of a speech 讲话草稿 »a rough sketch 草图 ›› VIOLENT 粗暴 3. not gentle or careful; violent • 粗暴的；粗野的；猛烈的: »This watch is not designed for rough treatment. 这块手表不可猛烈震动。 »They complained of rough handling by the guards. 他们抱怨警衞对他们很粗暴。 »rough kids 粗野的小孩 »Don't try any rough stuff with me! 别想对我撒野！ 4. where there is a lot of violence or crime • 犯罪盛行的；充斥暴力的；危险的: »the roughest neighbourhood in the city 城市最危险的街区 ›› SEA 海洋 5. having large and dangerous waves • 汹涌的；风浪很大的: »It was too rough to sail that night. 那天夜里风浪太大,无法行船。 ›› WEATHER 天气 6. wild and with storms • 恶劣的；有暴风雨的 ›› DIFFICULT 困难 7. difficult and unpleasant • 艰难的；讨厌的；令人不快的 【SYN】tough: »He's had a really rough time recently (= he's had a lot of problems). 他最近真是困难重重。 »We'll get someone in to do the rough work (= the hard physical work). 我们会找个人来干这重活。 ›› NOT WELL 不舒服 8. (BrE) not feeling well • 不舒服的；不适的: »You look rough—are you OK? 你看上去不太舒服——没事吧？ »I had a rough night (= I didn't sleep well). 我一夜没睡好觉。 ›› PLAIN / BASIC 简单；基本 9. simply made and not finished in every detail; plain or basic • 粗糙的；不够精细的；朴实简单的: »rough wooden tables 粗糙的木桌 »a rough track 凹凸不平的小径 »(BrE) rough paper for making notes on 做笔记的草稿纸 ›› NOT SMOOTH 令人不舒服 10. not smooth or pleasant to taste, listen to, etc. • 味道差的；涩的；刺耳的；令人难受的: »a rough wine / voice 口感极差的葡萄酒；刺耳的声音 ♦ rough∙ness noun [U] --› see alsoroughly
【IDIOMS】
◘ rough 'edges • small parts of sth or of a person's character that are not yet as good as they should be • 瑕疵；美中不足之处: »The ballet still had some rough edges. 这段芭蕾舞还有不足之处。 »He had a few rough edges knocked off at school. 他在学校改掉了一些坏毛病。 ◘ the ˌrough end of the 'pineapple (AustralE, informal) • a situation in which sb is treated badly or unfairly • 受到不良(或不公平)对待的处境 ◘ a rough 'deal • the fact of being treated unfairly • 不公平的待遇 --› more atriden. ◙ noun ›› IN GOLF 高尔夫球 1. the rough [sing.] the part of agolf coursewhere the grass is long, making it more difficult to hit the ball • (高尔夫球场的)深草区 --› comparefairway ›› DRAWING / DESIGN 绘画；设计 2. [C] (technical 术语) the first version of a drawing or design that has been done quickly and without much detail • 草稿；草图 ›› VIOLENT PERSON 暴徒 3. [C] (old-fashioned, informal) a violent person • 暴徒；粗野的人: »a gang of roughs 一帮暴徒 ◘ in 'rough (especially BrE) • if you write or draw sth in rough, you make a first version of it, not worrying too much about mistakes or details • 粗略地；大致上 ◘ take the ˌrough with the 'smooth • to accept the unpleasant or difficult things that happen in life as well as the good things • 好事坏事都接受；既能享乐也能吃苦 --› more atbit◙ verb ◘ 'rough it (informal) to live in a way that is not very comfortable for a short time • 暂时过艰苦的生活；渡过暂时的难关: »We can sleep on the beach. I don't mind roughing it for a night or two. 我们可以睡在海滩上。我不在乎吃一两夜的苦。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌrough sth∽'out • to draw or write sth without including all the details • 画…的草图；草拟: »I've roughed out a few ideas. 我已有几个初步设想。 ◘ ˌrough sb∽'up (informal) • to hurt sb by hitting or kicking them • 殴打；施以暴力: »He claimed that guards had roughed him up in prison. 他声称看守们在监狱里殴打了他。 ◙ adv. • using force or violence • 粗鲁地；粗野地: »Do they always play this rough? 他们比赛总是这么粗野吗？ ◘ live / sleep 'rough (BrE) • to live or sleep outdoors, usually because you have no home and no money • 风餐露宿(通常因为无家可归或贫穷): »young people sleeping rough on the streets 露宿街头的年轻人
raft∙ing / ˈrɑ:ftiŋ; NAme ˈræft- / ◙ noun [U] • the sport or activity of travelling down a river on araft • 皮划艇运动: »We went white-water rafting on the Colorado River. 我们到科罗拉多河湍急的河水中划皮划艇。
hel∙met / ˈhelmit / ◙ noun • a type of hard hat that protects the head, worn, for example, by a police officer, a soldier or a person playing some sports • 头盔；防护帽 --› see alsocrash helmet'life jacket (NAmE also 'life vest) ◙ noun • a jacket without sleeves, that can be filled with air, designed to help you float if you fall in water • 救生衣
pro∙tec∙tion / prəˈtekʃn / ◙ noun 1. [U] ~ (for / of sb / sth) (against / from sth) the act of protecting sb / sth; the state of being protected • 保护；防衞: »Wear clothes that provide adequate protection against the wind and rain. 穿上足以防风雨的衣服。 »He asked to be put under police protection. 他请求警方保护。 »the conservation and protection of the environment 环境的维护与保护 »data protection laws 数据保护法 2. [C] ~ (against sth) a thing that protects sb / sth against sth • 保护物；护身符: »They wore the charm as a protection against evil spirits. 他们戴着护身符以驱邪。 3. [U] ~ (against sth) insurance against fire, injury, damage, etc. • 保险: »Our policy offers complete protection against fire and theft. 我们的保单全面承保火灾及盗窃风险。 4. [U] the system of helping an industry in your own country by taxing foreign goods • 贸易保护；关税保护制: »The government is ready to introduce protection for the car industry. 政府准备对汽车工业实行贸易保护。 5. [U] the system of paying criminals so that they will not attack your business or property • (付给犯罪分子以求平安的)保护费: »to pay protection money 交保护费 »to run a protection racket 干敲诈保护费的勾当
back∙pack / ˈbækpæk / ◙ noun (especially NAmE) =rucksack◙ verb [V] • (usually go backpacking) to travel on holiday / vacation carrying your equipment and clothes in abackpack • 背包旅行: »They went backpacking in Spain last year. 他们去年背着背包在西班牙旅行。 ♦ back∙pack∙er nounad∙vance / ədˈvɑ:ns; NAmE -ˈvæns / ◙ noun ›› FORWARD MOVEMENT 向前运动 1. [C] the forward movement of a group of people, especially armed forces • (尤指武装部队的)前进,行进: »We feared that an advance on the capital would soon follow. 我们担心接下来会马上向首都推进。 ›› DEVELOPMENT 发展 2. [C, U] ~ (in sth) progress or a development in a particular activity or area of understanding • 进步；进展: »recent advances in medical science 医学的最新进展 »We live in an age of rapid technological advance. 我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。 ›› MONEY 金钱 3. [C, usually sing.] money paid for work before it has been done or money paid earlier than expected • 预付款: »They offered an advance of £5 000 after the signing of the contract. 他们在合同签订后预付了 5 000 英镑。 »She asked for an advance on her salary. 她要求预支薪金。 ›› SEXUAL 两性 4. advances [pl.] attempts to start a sexual relationship with sb • 勾引；求爱；追求: »He had made advances to one of his students. 他曾追求过他的一个学生。 ›› PRICE INCREASE 涨价 5. [C] ~ (on sth) (business 商) an increase in the price or value of sth • (价格、价值的)上涨,提高: »Share prices showed significant advances. 股票价格大幅上涨。
【IDIOMS】
◘ in advance (of sth) 1. before the time that is expected; before sth happens • (时间上)在…前；预先；事先: »a week / month / year in advance 提前一星期/一月/一年 »It's cheaper if you book the tickets in advance. 预订票要便宜一些。 »People were evacuated from the coastal regions in advance of the hurricane. 飓风袭来之前,沿海地带的人已经撤离。 2. more developed than sb / sth else • (发展上)超前: »Galileo's ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived. 伽利略的思想远远超越了他所处的时代。 ◙ verb ›› MOVE FORWARD 向前运动 1. [V] ~ (on / towards sb / sth) to move forward towards sb / sth, often in order to attack or threaten them or it • (为了进攻、威胁等)前进,行进: »The mob advanced on us, shouting angrily. 暴民愤怒地喊叫着向我们逼近。 »The troops were finally given the order to advance. 部队终于得到前进的命令。 »They had advanced 20 miles by nightfall. 夜幕降临时,他们已推进了 20 英里。 »the advancing Allied troops 节节挺进的盟军部队 --› compareretreat ›› DEVELOP 发展 2. if knowledge, technology, etc. advances, it develops and improves • (知识、技术等)发展,进步 ▪ [V] »Our knowledge of the disease has advanced considerably over recent years. 近年来我们对这种疾病的了解深入多了。 ▪ [VN] »This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning. 这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。 ›› HELP TO SUCCEED 促进 3. [VN] to help sth to succeed • 促进；推动 【SYN】further: »Studying for new qualifications is one way of advancing your career. 为提高学历而进修是促进事业发展的一个办法。 »They worked together to advance the cause of democracy. 他们合力推动民主事业。 ›› MONEY 金钱 4. ~ sth (to sb) | ~ (sb) sth to give sb money before the time it would usually be paid • 预付 ▪ [VN VNN] »We are willing to advance the money to you. 我们愿意预付款给你。 »We will advance you the money. 我们将把款子预付给你。 ›› SUGGEST 建议 5. [VN] (formal) to suggest an idea, a theory, or a plan for other people to discuss • 提出(想法、理论、计划) 【SYN】put forward: »The article advances a new theory to explain changes in the climate. 这篇文章提出了一个解释气候变化的新理论。 ›› MAKE EARLIER 提前 6. [VN] (formal) to change the time or date of an event so that it takes place earlier • 提前；提早 【SYN】bring forward: »The date of the trial has been advanced by one week. 审判日期提前了一星期。 【OPP】postpone ›› MOVE FORWARD 向前运动 7. (formal) to move forward to a later part of sth; to move sth forward to a later part • 向前推(至下一步)；(使)向前移动: ▪ [V] »Users advance through the program by answering a series of questions. 用户通过回答一系列问题,逐步完成整个程序。 ▪ [VN] »This button advances the tape to the beginning of the next track. 这个按钮可使录音带转到下一个节目的开始。 ›› INCREASE 增加 8. [V] (business 商) (of prices, costs, etc. 价格、成本等) to increase in price or amount • 上涨；增加: »Oil shares advanced amid economic recovery hopes. 在一片经济复苏的希望中石油股票价格上涨。 ◙ adj. [only before noun] 1. done or given before sth is going to happen • 预先的；事先的: »Please give us advance warning of any changes. 如有变动,请事先通知我们。 »We need advance notice of the numbers involved. 我们需要事先得知涉及的数量。 »No advance booking is necessary on most departures. 大多数起程票无须预订。 2. ~ party / team a group of people who go somewhere first, before the main group • 先遣队；先头部队
sup∙ply / səˈplai / ◙ noun 1. [C] an amount of sth that is provided or available to be used • 供应量；供给量；储备: »The water supply is unsafe. 供水不稳定。 »Supplies of food are almost exhausted. 贮存的食物快吃完了。 »We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials. 我们不能保证提供充足的原料。 »Books were in short supply (= there were not enough of them). 书籍供应短缺。 2. supplies [pl.] the things such as food, medicines, fuel, etc. that are needed by a group of people, for example an army orexpedition • (军队或探险队等的)补给,补给品: »Our supplies were running out. 我们的补给快用完了。 »a transport plane carrying food and medical supplies for refugees 一架为难民运送食物和医疗用品的运输机 3. [U] the act of supplying sth • 供应；供给；提供；补给: »The UN has agreed to allow the supply of emergency aid. 联合国已同意允许提供紧急援助。 »A stroke can disrupt the supply of oxygen to the brain. 中风可导致大脑供氧中断。 »The electricity supply (= the system supplying electricity) had been cut off. 电力供应被切断了。 ◙ verb (sup∙plies, sup∙ply∙ing, sup∙plied, sup∙plied) • [VN] ~ sb / sth (with sth) | ~ sth (to sb / sth) to provide sb / sth with sth that they need or want, especially in large quantities • (尤指大量)供应,供给,提供: »Foreign governments supplied arms to the rebels. 一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。 »Foreign governments supplied the rebels with arms. 一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。 »Local schools supply many of the volunteers. 许多志愿者来自当地学校。 »foods supplying our daily vitamin needs 为我们提供日常所需维生素的食物
wild∙life / ˈwaildlaif / ◙ noun [U] • animals, birds, insects, etc. that are wild and live in a natural environment • 野生动物；野生生物: »Development of the area would endanger wildlife. 开发这一地区将会危及到野生生物。 »a wildlife habitat / sanctuary 野生动物栖息地/保护区
photo∙graph / ˈfəutəɡrɑ:f; NAme ˈfoutəɡræf / ◙ noun • (also photo) a picture that is made by using a camera that has a film sensitive to light inside it • 照片；相片: »aerial / satellite photographs 空中/衞星照片 »colour photographs 彩色照片 »Please enclose a recent passport-sized photograph of yourself. 请附寄一张你近期护照大小的相片。 »I spent the day taking photographs of the city. 我花了一天时间拍摄这座城市的照片。
【HELP】The usual phrase in NAmE is take pictures. • 北美英语常用 take pictures。
◙ verb 1. to take a photograph of sb / sth • 拍照；照相: ▪ [VN] »He has photographed some of the world's most beautiful women. 他为几位倾世佳丽拍过照片。 »a beautifully photographed book (= with good photographs in it) 一本有精美照片的书 ▪ [VN-ADJ] »She refused to be photographed nude. 她拒拍裸体照片。 ▪ [VN -ing] »They were photographed playing with their children. 他们跟孩子一起嬉戏的情景被拍成了照片。 2. [V] ~ well, badly, etc. to look or not look attractive in photographs • (很、不等)上相,上镜: »Some people just don't photograph well. 有些人就是不上相。
de∙fence (BrE) (NAmEde∙fense) / diˈfens / ◙ noun ›› PROTECTION AGAINST ATTACK 防御 1. [U] the act of protecting sb / sth from attack, criticism, etc. • 防御；保护；保衞: »soldiers who died in defence of their country 为保衞祖国而献身的战士 »When her brother was criticized she leapt to his defence. 她的兄弟受到批评时,她马上跳出来衞护。 »What points can be raised in defence of this argument? 有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？ »I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 我得为她说句话,她事先并不知道此事。 --› see alsoself-defence 2. [C, U] ~ (against sth) something that provides protection against attack from enemies, the weather, illness, etc. • 防御物；防务；防御能力: »The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks. 城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。 »The harbour's sea defences are in poor condition. 港口的海防工事状况很差。 »The body has natural defence mechanisms to protect it from disease. 人体具有先天性防御机制。 »Humour is a more effective defence than violence. 幽默是比暴力更有效的防御武器。 3. [U] the organization of the people and systems that are used by a government to protect a country from attack • 国防机构；国防体系: »(BrE) the Ministry of Defence 国防部 »(NAmE) the Department of Defense 国防部 »Further cuts in defence spending are being considered. 目前正在考虑进一步削减国防开支。 ›› SUPPORT 支持 4. [C] something that is said or written in order to support sth • 辩解；辩白: »a defence of Marxism 为马克思主义辩解 ›› LAW 法律 5. [C] what is said in court to prove that a person did not commit a crime; the act of presenting this argument in court • 辩护；辩词；答辩: »Her defence was that she was somewhere completely different at the time of the crime. 她辩护说案发时她根本就不在现场。 »He wanted to conduct his own defence. 他想自己为自己辩护。 6. the defence [sing. + sing. / pl. v.] the lawyer or lawyers whose job is to prove in court that a person did not commit a crime • 被告方；辩方 --› compareprosecution(2) ›› IN SPORT 体育运动 7. [sing., U] the players who must prevent the other team from scoring; the position of these players on the sports field • 防守队员；防守；后衞: »Welford cut through the defence to score the winning goal. 韦尔福特突破防守射进了获胜的一球。 »(BrE) She plays in defence. 她打防守。 »(NAmE) He plays on defense. 他打防守。 --› compareattack,offense(2) 8. [C] a contest, game, etc. in which the previous winner or winners compete in order to try to win again • 衞冕赛: »Milan's defence of the European Cup 欧洲杯米兰队冠军衞冕赛
scare / skeə(r); NAme sker / ◙ verb 1. to frighten sb • 惊吓；使害怕；使恐惧: ▪ [VN] »You scared me. 你吓了我一跳。 ▪ [VN to inf] »It scared me to think I was alone in the building. 想到楼里只有我一个人,怪害怕的。 --› note atfrighten 2. [V] to become frightened • 受惊吓；害怕；恐惧: »He doesn't scare easily. 他不轻易害怕。 --› see alsoscary
【IDIOMS】
◘ scare the 'shit out of sb | ◘ scare sb 'shitless •(taboo, slang) to frighten sb very much • 吓得某人屁滚尿流 --› more atdaylights,death,life
【PHR V】
◘ ˌscare sb∽a'way / 'off • to make sb go away by frightening them • 把…吓跑: »They managed to scare the bears away. 他们设法把熊吓跑了。 ◘ 'scare sb into doing sth • to frighten sb in order to make them do sth • 威胁,恐吓(某人做某事): »Local businesses were scared into paying protection money. 当地商家迫于威胁缴纳了保护费。 ◘ ˌscare sb∽'off • to make sb afraid of or nervous about doing sth, especially without intending to • (尤指无意中)把人吓倒,使人害怕,使恐惧: »Rising prices are scaring customers off. 不断上涨的价格把顾客纷纷吓跑了。 ◘ ˌscare 'up sth (NAmE, informal) • to find or make sth by using whatever is available • (就现有材料)勉强凑合: »I'll see if I can scare up enough chairs for us all. 我来看看能不能给大家凑够椅子。 ◙ noun 1. [C] (used especially in newspapers 尤用于报章) a situation in which a lot of people are anxious or frightened about sth • 恐慌；恐惧: »a bomb / health scare 炸弹/衞生恐慌 »recent scares about pesticides in food 近来人们对食物中的杀虫剂的恐慌 »a scare story (= a news report that spreads more anxiety or fear about sth than is necessary) 引起恐慌的报道 »to cause a major scare 引起严重恐慌 »scare tactics (= ways of persuading people to do sth by frightening them) 恐吓战术 2. [sing.] a sudden feeling of fear • 惊吓；惊恐: »You gave me a scare ! 你吓了我一跳！ »We've had quite a scare. 我们吓得不轻。 --› see alsoscarymount / maunt / ◙ verb ›› ORGANIZE 组织 1. [VN] to organize and begin sth • 准备；安排；组织开展 【SYN】arrange: »to mount a protest / campaign / an exhibition 发起抗议/运动；举办展览 ›› INCREASE 增加 2. [V] to increase gradually • 逐步增加: »Pressure is mounting on the government to change the law. 迫使政府修改法律的压力不断增加。 »The death toll continues to mount. 死亡人数持续增加。 --› see alsomounting ›› GO UP STH 攀登 3. [VN] (formal) to go up sth, or up on to sth that is raised • 登上；爬上；攀登 【SYN】ascend: »She slowly mounted the steps. 她慢慢地爬上台阶。 »He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd. 他登上讲台对人群发表演说。 ›› BICYCLE / HORSE 自行车；马 4. to get on a bicycle, horse, etc. in order to ride it • 骑上；乘上；跨上: ▪ [VN] »He mounted his horse and rode away. 他骑上马走了。 ▪ [also V] --› see alsomounted(1) 【OPP】dismount ›› PICTURE / JEWEL, ETC. 图画、宝石等 5. [VN] ~ sth (on / onto / in sth) to fix sth into position on sth, so that you can use it, look at it or study it • 镶嵌；安置: »The specimens were mounted on slides. 标本安放在载片上。 »The diamond is mounted in gold. 这颗钻石镶在金饰物上。 ›› OF MALE ANIMAL 雄性动物 6. [VN] to get onto the back of a female animal in order to have sex • 爬上(雌性动物的背)进行交配
◘ ˌmount 'up • to increase gradually in size and quantity • (尺寸和数量上)增加,上升: »Meanwhile, my debts were mounting up. 同时,我的债务还在不断增加。 【SYN】build up◙ noun ›› MOUNTAIN 山 1. Mount (abbr. Mt) (used in modern English only in place names 在现代英语里仅用于地名) a mountain or a hill • 山；山峰: »Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰 »St Michael's Mount 圣迈克尔山 ›› HORSE 马 2. (formal or literary) a horse that you ride on • 坐骑 ›› FOR DISPLAYING / SUPPORTING STH 用以展示/支持某物 3. something such as a piece of card or glass that you put sth on or attach sth to, to display it • 衬纸板；载片；裱褙 4. (also mount∙ing) something that an object stands on or is attached to for support • 托架；支撑架: »an engine / gun mount 发动机/炮架
tir∙ing / ˈtaiəriŋ / ◙ adj. • making you feel the need to sleep or rest • 令人困倦的；使人疲劳的；累人的 【SYN】exhausting: »It had been a long tiring day. 这一天让人感到又累又长。
at∙mos∙phere / ˈætməsfiə(r); NAmE -fir / ◙ noun 1. the atmosphere [sing.] the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth • (围绕地球的)大气,大气层,大气圈: »the upper atmosphere 高层大气 »pollution of the atmosphere 大气污染 2. [C] a mixture of gases that surrounds another planet or a star • (围绕其他天体的)气体: »Saturn's atmosphere 土星的大气 3. [C] the air in a room or in a confined space; the air around a place • (房间、封闭空间或某处的)空气: »a smoky / stuffy atmosphere 烟雾弥漫的/闷热的空气 »These plants love warm, humid atmospheres. 这些植物喜欢温暖潮湿的空气。 4. [C, U] the feeling or mood that you have in a particular place or situation; a feeling between ten people or in a group of people • 气氛；氛围: »a party atmosphere 聚会的气氛 »The hotel offers a friendly atmosphere and personal service. 这家旅馆服务周到,使客人感到宾至如归。 »Use music and lighting to create a romantic atmosphere. 用音乐和照明创造一种浪漫的气氛。 »There was an atmosphere of mutual trust between them. 他们之间以前有一种相互信任的气氛。 »The children grew up in an atmosphere of violence and insecurity. 这些孩子在暴力和无安全感的环境中长大。 »The old house is full of atmosphere (= it's very interesting). 这座老房子情趣盎然。
【IDIOMS】
--› seeheavyadj.
◙ noun • a person from Africa, especially a black person • 非洲人(尤指黑人)
after∙wards / ˈɑ:ftəwədz; NAmE ˈæftərwərdz / (especially BrE) (NAmE usually after∙ward) ◙ adv. • at a later time; after an event that has already been mentioned • 以后；后来: »Afterwards she was sorry for what she'd said. 后来她后悔说了那些话。 »Let's go out now and eat afterwards. 咱们现在出去,然后再吃饭。 »Shortly afterwards he met her again. 不久之后,他又遇到了她。
sleeve / sli:v / ◙ noun 1. a part of a piece of clothing that covers all or part of your arm • 袖子: »a dress with short / long sleeves 短袖/长袖连衣裙 »Dan rolled up his sleeves and washed his hands. 丹挽起袖子洗了洗手。 --› see alsoshirtsleeve 2. -sleeved (in adjectives 构成形容词) having sleeves of the type mentioned • 有…袖子的: »a short-sleeved shirt 短袖衬衫 3. (also jacket especially in NAmE) a stiff paper or cardboard envelope for a record • 唱片套: »a colourful sleeve design 色彩斑斓的唱片套设计 4. a tube that covers a part of a machine to protect it • (机器的)套筒,套管 ♦ sleeve∙less adj.: »a sleeveless dress 无袖连衣裙
【IDIOMS】
◘ have / keep sth up your 'sleeve • to keep a plan or an idea secret until you need to use it • 有锦囊妙计；胸中自有主张 --› more atacen.,cardn.,laughv.,rollv.,trickn.,wearv.
cheek / tʃi:k / ◙ noun 1. [C] either side of the face below the eyes • 面颊；脸颊: »chubby / rosy / pink cheeks 丰满的/红润的/粉红的脸颊 »He kissed her on both cheeks. 他亲吻了一下她的双颊。 »Couples were dancing cheek to cheek. 成双成对的舞伴在跳贴面舞。 2. -cheeked (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the type of cheeks mentioned • 有…面颊的；面颊…的: »chubby-cheeked / rosy-cheeked / hollow-cheeked 双颊丰满/红润/瘦削 3. [C] (informal) either of thebuttocks • 半边屁股 4. [U, sing.] (BrE) talk or behaviour that people think is annoying, rude or lacking in respect • 令人讨厌(或粗鲁、无礼)的话(或行为) 【SYN】nerve: »What a cheek! 真不要脸！ »He had the cheek to ask his ex-girlfriend to babysit for them. 他竟厚着脸皮要他以前的女朋友为他们临时照看小孩。 »I think they've got a cheek making you pay to park the car. 我想不到他们居然有脸要你付停车费。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌcheek by 'jowl (with sb / sth) • very close to sb / sth • (和…)紧靠着,紧挨着 ◘ turn the other 'cheek • to make a deliberate decision to remain calm and not to act in an aggressive way when sb has hurt you or made you angry • (受到伤害或被激怒时)甘心容忍,不予回击 --› more atrosen.,tonguen. ◙ verb [VN] • (BrE, informal) to speak to sb in a rude way that shows a lack of respect • 对…粗鲁无礼地说
tour∙ism / ˈtuərizəm; ˈtɔ:r-; NAme ˈtur- / ◙ noun [U] • the business activity connected with providing accommodation, services and entertainment for people who are visiting a place for pleasure • 旅游业；观光业: »The area is heavily dependent on tourism. 这个地区非常依赖旅游业。 »the tourism industry 旅游业 --› see alsoagritourismsched∙ule / ˈʃedju:l; NAme ˈskedʒu:l / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] a plan that lists all the work that you have to do and when you must do each thing • 工作计划；日程安排: »I have a hectic schedule for the next few days. 我今后几天的日程紧得要命。 »We're working to a tight schedule (= we have a lot of things to do in a short time). 我们的工作安排得很紧。 »Filming began on schedule (= at the planned time). 拍摄如期开始。 »The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule. 新桥提前两年落成。 »The tunnel project has already fallen behind schedule. 隧道工程已经晚了工期。 2. [C] (NAmE) =timetable n. (1) : »a train schedule 列车时刻表 »Chinese will be on the school schedule from next year. 从明年开始中文将排进学校的课程表。 3. [C] a list of the television and radio programmes that are on a particular channel and the times that they start • (电视或广播)节目表: »The channel's schedules are filled with old films and repeats. 这个频道安排的尽是老电影和重播节目。 4. [C] a written list of things, for example prices, rates or conditions • (价格、收费或条款等的)一览表,明细表,清单: »tax schedules 税率表 --› note atagenda◙ verb 1. ~ sth (for sth) [usually passive] to arrange for sth to happen at a particular time • 安排；为…安排时间；预定: ▪ [VN] »The meeting is scheduled for Friday afternoon. 会议安排在星期五下午。 »One of the scheduled events is a talk on alternative medicine. 安排的活动中有一项是关于另类疗法的演讲。 »We'll be stopping here for longer than scheduled. 我们在这里停留的时间将超出原先的安排。 ▪ [VN to inf] »I'm scheduled to arrive in LA at 5 o'clock. 我预计在 5 点钟抵达洛杉矶。 2. [VN] ~ sth (as sth) (formal) to include sth in an official list of things • 列入,收进(正式目录、清单等中): »The substance has been scheduled as a poison. 这种物质已被列为毒物。 ♦ sched∙uler noun: »The President's schedulers allowed 90 minutes for TV interviews. 为总统安排日程的官员留出了 90 分钟的电视采访时间。
◙ verb [V , usually +adv. / prep.] • to lean or stretch over sth in order to see sth better; to stretch your neck • (为看得更清楚而)探着身子；伸长(脖子): ▪ [V] »People were craning out of the windows and waving. 人们把头探出窗外挥手致意。 ▪ [VN] »She craned her neck to get a better view of the stage. 她伸长了脖子看舞台,好看清楚些。
ex∙plore / ikˈsplɔ:(r) / ◙ verb 1. ~ (sth) (for sth) to travel to or around an area or a country in order to learn about it • 勘探；勘查；探索；考察: ▪ [VN] »The city is best explored on foot. 最好是徒步考察这个城市。 »They explored the land to the south of the Murray river. 他们勘查了墨累河以南的地区。 ▪ [V] »As soon as we arrived on the island we were eager to explore. 我们一来到岛上就急不可耐地考察起来。 »companies exploring for (= searching for) oil 石油勘探公司 2. [VN] to examine sth completely or carefully in order to find out more about it • 探究；调查研究；探索；探讨 【SYN】analyse: »These ideas will be explored in more detail in chapter 7. 这些想法将在第 7 章里作更详细的探讨。 3. [VN] to feel sth with your hands or another part of the body • (用手或身体某部)探察,探查: »She explored the sand with her toes. 她用脚趾探查沙的情况。 --› see alsounexploredsun∙rise / ˈsʌnraiz / ◙ noun 1. [U] the time when the sun first appears in the sky in the morning • 日出 【SYN】dawn: »We got up at sunrise. 我们在日出时起牀。 2. [C, usually sing.] the colours in the part of the sky where the sun first appears in the morning • 朝霞: »the pinks and yellows of the sunrise 一道道粉红和金黄的朝霞
view / vju: / ◙ noun ›› OPINION 想法 1. [C] ~ (about / on sth) a personal opinion about sth; an attitude towards sth • (个人的)看法,意见,见解；态度: »to have different / conflicting / opposing views 有不同的/矛盾的/相反的观点 »to have strong political views 持强硬的政治观点 »His views on the subject were well known. 他对这个问题的看法众所周知。 »This evidence supports the view that there is too much violence on television. 这一证据对电视节目中暴力太多的观点予以支持。 »We take the view that it would be wrong to interfere. 我们所持的态度是:干涉是错误的。 »In my view it was a waste of time. 依我看,这是浪费时间。 »What is needed is a frank exchange of views. 需要的是坦诚地交换意见。 --› see alsopoint of view ›› WAY OF UNDERSTANDING 理解方式 2. [sing.] ~ (of sth) a way of understanding or thinking about sth • (理解或思维的)方法,方式: »He has an optimistic view of life. 他乐观地看待人生。 »the Christian view of the world 基督教的世界观 »The traditional view was that marriage was meant to last. 传统的观念是结成夫妻就要白头到老。 --› see alsoworld view ›› WHAT YOU CAN SEE 可看到的东西 3. [U, sing.] used when you are talking about whether you can see sth or whether sth can be seen in a particular situation • 观看；看；视野；视域；视线: »The lake soon came into view. 那湖很快映入眼帘。 »The sun disappeared from view. 太阳看不见了。 »There was nobody in view. 一个人也看不见。 »Sit down—you're blocking my view. 坐下,你挡住我的视线了。 »I didn't have a good view of the stage. 我看不清舞台。 --› note atsight 4. [C] what you can see from a particular place or position, especially beautiful countryside • (从某处看到的)景色,风景；(尤指)乡间美景: »There were magnificent views of the surrounding countryside. 四周乡间的景色壮观秀丽。 »The view from the top of the tower was spectacular. 从塔顶远眺景色蔚为壮观。 »a sea / mountain view 海/山景 »I'd like a room with a view. 我想要一个可以观看风景的房间。 ›› PHOTOGRAPH / PICTURE 照片；图画 5. [C] a photograph or picture that shows an interesting place or scene • 风景照；风景画: »a book with views of Paris 一本巴黎风光画册 ›› CHANCE TO SEE STH 观看的机会 6. (also view∙ing) [C] a special chance to see or admire sth • (一次)观看；一睹；一览: »a private view (= for example, of an art exhibition) 画展预展
【IDIOMS】
◘ have, etc. sth in 'view •(formal) to have a particular aim, plan, etc. in your mind • 心中有…目的(或打算等) 【SYN】have sth in mind ◘ in full 'view (of sb / sth) • completely visible, directly in front of sb / sth • 完全看得见；在眼皮底下: »He was shot in full view of a large crowd. 他在众目睽睽之下被人枪杀了。 ◘ in view of sth •(formal) considering sth • 鉴于；考虑到；由于: »In view of the weather, the event will now be held indoors. 由于天气的缘故,这项赛事将在室内进行。 ◘ on 'view • being shown in a public place so that people can look at it • 在展出；陈列着；展览着 ◘ with a view to sth / to doing sth •(formal) with the intention or hope of doing sth • 为了；指望: »He's painting the house with a view to selling it. 他在粉刷房子,想把它卖掉。 --› more atbird,dimadj.,heavev.,longadj. ◙ verb [VN] ›› THINK ABOUT STH 思考 1. ~ sb / sth as sth | ~ sb / sth with sth to think about sb / sth in a particular way • 把…视为；以…看待: »When the car was first built, the design was viewed as highly original. 这辆车刚造好时,其设计被认为是独具匠心。 »How do you view your position within the company? 你如何看待自己在公司中的位置？ »She viewed him with suspicion. 她以怀疑的目光看待他。 --› note atregard ›› LOOK AT STH 看 2. to look at sth, especially when you look carefully • 看；观看；(尤指)仔细察看: »People came from all over the world to view her work. 人们从世界各地涌来欣赏她的作品。 »A viewing platform gave stunning views over the valley. 从观景台向山谷望去,景色之壮观令人叹为观止。 --› note atlook 3. to visit a house, etc. with the intention of buying or renting it • 查看,察看(房子等,以便购买或租用): »The property can only be viewed by appointment. 只有预约方可察看这处房产。 ›› WATCH TV, FILM / MOVIE 看电视/电影 4. (formal) to watch television, a film / movie, etc. • 看,观看(电视、电影等): »The show has a viewing audience of one million (= one million people watch it). 这个节目有六百万观众观看。 »an opportunity to view the movie before it goes on general release 在公开放映之前观看这部影片的机会 --› note atlookheaven / ˈhevn / ◙ noun 1. (also Heaven) [U] (used without the 不与 the 连用) (in some religions 某些宗教) the place believed to be the home of God where good people go when they die • 天堂；天国: »the kingdom of heaven 天国 »I feel like I've died and gone to heaven. 我彷佛觉得自己已经死了,进了天堂。 2. [U, C] (informal) a place or situation in which you are very happy • 极乐之地；极乐: »This isn't exactly my idea of heaven! 这可不太像我所想像的那么美妙！ »It was heaven being away from the office for a week. 一个星期远离办公室真是快活极了。 »The island is truly a heaven on earth. 那个岛堪称人间天堂。 3. the heavens [pl.] (literary) the sky • 天空: »Four tall trees stretched up to the heavens. 四棵大树参天而立。
【IDIOMS】
◘ (Good) 'Heavens! | ◘ ˌHeavens a'bove! • (informal) used to show that you are surprised or annoyed • (表示惊奇或气恼)天哪,我的天: »Good heavens, what are you doing? 天哪,你在干什么？ ◘ the heavens 'opened • it began to rain heavily • 下起了倾盆大雨 ◘ made in 'heaven (especially of a marriage or other relationship 尤指婚姻或其他关系) • seeming to be perfect • 天作之合；天造地设 --› more atforbid,god,helpv.,highadj.,knowv.,movev.,namen.,seventh,thankmoun∙tain∙top / ˈmauntəntɔp; NAme ˈmauntntɑ:p / ◙ noun • the top of a mountain • 山顶 ♦ moun∙tain∙top adj. [only before noun] : »a mountaintop ranch 山顶上的大牧场
tem∙ple / ˈtempl / ◙ noun 1. a building used for the worship of a god or gods, especially in religions other than Christianity • (非基督教的)庙宇,寺院,神殿,圣堂: »the Temple of Diana at Ephesus 以弗所的狄安娜神庙 »a Buddhist / Hindu / Sikh temple 佛教/印度教/锡克教庙宇 »(NAmE) to go to temple (= to a service in asynagogue, where Jews worship) 去会堂礼拜 2. each of the flat parts at the sides of the head, at the same level as the eyes and higher • 太阳穴；鬓角；颞顬；颞部: »He had black hair, greying at the temples. 他的头发是黑色的,但两鬓已见斑白。
bury / ˈberi / ◙ verb (bur∙ies, bury∙ing, bur∙ied, bur∙ied) ›› DEAD PERSON 死人 1. [VN] to place a dead body in a grave • 埋葬；安葬: »He was buried in Highgate Cemetery. 他被安葬在海格特墓地。 »(figurative) Their ambitions were finally dead and buried. 他们的雄心壮志最终给埋葬了。 2. [VN] (old-fashioned) to lose sb by death • 丧失(某人): »She's 85 and has buried seven husbands. 她 85 岁了,三度丧夫。 ›› HIDE IN GROUND 埋藏 3. [VN] to hide sth in the ground • 把(某物)掩藏在地下；埋藏: »buried treasure 埋藏的财宝 »The dog had buried its bone in the garden. 狗把骨头埋在花园里。 ›› COVER 覆盖 4. [often passive] to cover sb / sth with soil, rocks, leaves, etc. • (以土、石、树叶等)覆盖: ▪ [VN] »The house was buried under two feet of snow. 房子被埋在十英尺厚的积雪中。 ▪ [VN-ADJ] »The miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed. 坑道塌方,矿工都被活埋。 5. [VN] to cover sth so that it cannot be seen • 遮盖；掩盖: »Your letter got buried under a pile of papers. 你的信被压在一堆文件底下。 »He buried his face in his hands and wept. 他双手掩面而泣。 ›› HIDE FEELING 掩藏感情 6. [VN] to ignore or hide a feeling, a mistake, etc. • 不顾,掩藏(感情、错误等): »She had learnt to bury her feelings. 她已经学会了感情不外露。 ›› PUT DEEPLY INTO STH 插入 7. [VN] ~ sth (in sth) to put sth deeply into sth else • 使陷入,把…插入(某物): »He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets. 他双手插在口袋里缓步而行。 »She always has her head buried in a book. 她总是埋头读书。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌbury the 'hatchet | ◘ ˌbury your 'differences • to stop being unfriendly and become friends again • 消除隔阂(重归于好) --› more atheadn.
【PHR V】
◘ 'bury yourself in sth 1. to give all your attention to sth • 专心致志于某事: »Since she left, he's buried himself in his work. 自从她走后,他全心扑在工作上。 2. to go to or be in a place where you will not meet many people • 隐居: »She buried herself in the country to write a book. 她隐居乡间写书。
des∙tin∙ation / ˌdestiˈneiʃn / ◙ noun • a place to which sb / sth is going or being sent • 目的地；终点: »popular holiday destinations like the Bahamas 像巴哈马那样深受大众喜爱的度假胜地 »to arrive at / reach your destination 到达目的地 »Our luggage was checked all the way through to our final destination. 我们的行李一直被托运到最终目的地。 ◙ adj. • ~ hotel / store / restaurant, etc. a hotel, store, etc. that people will make a special trip to visit • 预订的旅馆、要去的商店等
cage / keidʒ / ◙ noun • a structure made of metal bars or wire in which animals or birds are kept • 笼子: »a birdcage 鸟笼 --› see alsoribcage
【IDIOMS】
--› seerattlev. ◙ verb ~ sth (up) • [VN] [usually passive] to put or keep an animal in a cage • 把(动物)关在笼中: »The dogs are caged (up) at night. 晚上狗被关进笼里。 ♦ caged adj.: »He paced the room like a caged animal. 他像笼中的动物一样在房间里踱来踱去。
ˌsouth-'west ◙ noun (usually the south-west) [sing.] (abbr. SW) • the direction or region at an equal distance between south and west • 西南；西南方；西南地区 ♦ ˌsouth-'west adv., adj.high∙way / ˈhaiwei / ◙ noun 1. (especially NAmE) a main road for travelling long distances, especially six connecting and going through cities and towns • (尤指城镇间的)公路,干道,交通要道: »an interstate highway (美国)州际公路 »Highway patrol officers closed the road. 公路巡警关闭了这条路。 2. (BrE, formal) a public road • 公用通道: »A parked car was obstructing the highway. 一辆停放的汽车堵住了通道。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌhighway 'robbery (informal, especially NAmE) =daylight robberyat daylight --› more atwayn.
clas∙sic / ˈklæsik / ◙ adj. [usually before noun] 1. accepted or deserving to be accepted as one of the best or most important of its kind • 最优秀的；第一流的: »a classic novel / study / goal 最佳小说/论文/进球 2. (also clas∙sic∙al) with all the features you would expect to find; very typical • 有特点的；有代表性的；典型的: »a classic example of poor communication 缺乏沟通的典型实例 »She displayed the classic symptoms of depression. 她显现出了忧郁症的典型症状。 »I made the classic mistake of clapping in a pause in the music! 我在乐曲演奏暂停的间歇鼓起掌来,真是大错特错！ 3. elegant, but simple and traditional in style or design; not affected by changes in fashion • (风格或设计)典雅的,古朴的；传统的: »a classic grey suit 一套典雅的灰色服装 »classic design 古朴典雅的设计 »classic cars (= cars which are no longer made, but which are still popular) 古典雅致的老式车 4. (informal) people say That's classic! when they find sth very amusing, when they think sb has been very stupid or when sth annoying, but not surprising, happens • 有趣的；愚蠢(或令人讨厌)而又不足为奇的: »She's not going to help? Oh, that's classic! 她不来帮忙？哦,那不足为奇！ ◙ noun 1. [C] a book, film / movie or song which is well known and considered to be of very high quality, setting standards for other books, etc. • (书、电影或歌曲的)经典作品,名着,杰作: »English classics such as 'Alice in Wonderland' 英语经典作品如《艾丽丝漫游奇境记》 »The novel may become a modern classic. 这部小说可能会成为现代名着。 2. [C] a thing that is an excellent example of its kind • 优秀的典范: »That match was a classic. 那场比赛堪称经典。 3. Classics [U] the study of ancient Greek and Roman culture, especially their languages and literature • 古希腊与古罗马的文化研究(尤指对其语言与文学的研究): »a degree in Classics 古希腊与古罗马文化研究的学位 (COLLOC)">
novel / ˈnɔvl; NAme ˈnɑ:vl / ◙ noun • a story long enough to fill a complete book, in which the characters and events are usually imaginary • (长篇)小说: »to write / publish / read a novel 创作/发表/阅读长篇小说 »detective / historical / romantic novels 侦探/历史/传奇小说 »the novels of Jane Austen 简 · 奥斯汀的小说 ◙ adj. • (often approving) different from anything known before; new, interesting and often seeming slightly strange • 新颖的；与众不同的；珍奇的: »a novel feature 新特征
king∙dom / ˈkiŋdəm / ◙ noun 1. a country ruled by a king or queen • 王国: »the United Kingdom 联合王国 »the kingdom of God (= heaven) 天国 2. an area controlled by a particular person or where a particular thing or idea is important • 管辖范围；领域 3. one of the three traditional divisions of the natural world • 自然三界之一: »the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms 动物界、植物界及矿物界 4. (biology 生) one of the five major groups into which all living things are organized • 界(生物的五大类别之一)
【IDIOMS】
◘ blow sb / sth to kingdom 'come •(informal) to completely destroy sb / sth with an explosion • 送…上西天；彻底炸毁 ◘ till / until kingdom 'come •(old-fashioned) for ever • 永远；永久
steep / sti:p / ◙ adj. (steep∙er, steep∙est) 1. (of a slope, hill, etc. 斜坡、山等) rising or falling quickly, not gradually • 陡的；陡峭的: »a steep hill / slope / bank 陡峭的山；陡坡/岸 »a steep climb / descent / drop 陡直的爬升/下降/下落 »a steep flight of stairs 一段很陡的楼梯 »The path grew steeper as we climbed higher. 我们越往上爬路就越陡。 2. [usually before noun] (of a rise or fall in an amount 数量的上升或下降) sudden and very big • 突然的；急剧的；大起大落的 【SYN】sharp: »a steep decline in the birth rate 出生率的骤降 »a steep rise in unemployment 失业率的激增 3. (informal) (of a price or demand 价格或要求) too much; unreasonable • 过高的；过分的；不合理的 【SYN】expensive: »£2 for a cup of coffee seems a little steep to me. 一杯咖啡 2 英镑在我看来有点贵得离谱。 ♦ steep∙ly adv.: »a steeply sloping roof 大坡度房顶 »The path climbed steeply upwards. 上去的路很陡。 »Prices rose steeply. 物价猛涨。 ♦ steep∙ness noun [U] ◙ verb • 【IDIOMS】 ◘ be 'steeped in sth (formal) to have a lot of a particular quality • 深深浸淫；饱含(某品质): »a city steeped in history 历史古城
【PHR V】
◘ 'steep sth in sth • to put food in a liquid and leave it for some time so that it becomes soft and flavoured by the liquid • 在(液体)中浸泡(食物) ◘ 'steep yourself in sth (formal) • to spend a lot of time thinking or learning about sth • 沉浸于；潜心于: »They spent a month steeping themselves in Chinese culture. 他们花了一个月时间潜心钻研中国文化。
for∙ever / fərˈevə(r) / ◙ adv. 1. (BrE also for ever) used to say that a particular situation or state will always exist • 永远: »I'll love you forever! 我永远爱你！ »After her death, their lives changed forever. 她死后他们的生活从此改变了。 »Just keep telling yourself that it won't last forever. 要不停地提醒自己,这不会永世长存的。 2. (BrE also for ever) (informal) a very long time • 长久地: »It takes her forever to get dressed. 她穿衣打扮要用好长的时间。 3. (informal) used with verbs in the progressive tenses to say that sb does sth very often and in a way that is annoying to other people • (与动词进行时连用)老是,没完没了地: »She's forever going on about how poor they are. 她老是没完没了地讲他们有多穷。
of∙fi∙cial∙ly / əˈfiʃəli / ◙ adv. 1. publicly and by sb who is in a position of authority • 正式地；官方地；公开地: »The library will be officially opened by the local MP. 图书馆将由当地下院议员正式揭幕。 »We haven't yet been told officially about the closure. 我们尚未接到关闭的正式通知。 »The college is not an officially recognized English language school. 那所学院不是官方认可的英语学校。 2. according to a particular set of rules, laws, etc. • 依据法规等: »Many of those living on the streets are not officially homeless. 根据法律定义,许多流浪街头的人并非无家可归者。 »I'm not officially supposed to be here. 按公事说,我是不该到这里来的。 3. according to information that has been told to the public but that may not be true • 据传；据公布: »Officially, he resigned because of bad health. 据官方说法,他是因健康状况不佳而辞职的。 【OPP】unofficiallyspot / spɔt; NAme spɑ:t / ◙ noun ›› SMALL MARK 斑点；点 1. a small round area that has a different colour or feels different from the surface it is on • 斑点: »Which has spots, the leopard or the tiger? 有斑点的是豹还是虎？ »The male bird has a red spot on its beak. 雄鸟喙上有一个红点。 »(BrE) She was wearing a black skirt with white spots. 她穿着一条黑底白点的裙子。 --› see alsobeauty spot,sunspot --› note atdot 2. a small dirty mark on sth • 污迹；污渍；脏点: »His jacket was covered with spots of mud. 他的上衣满是泥点。 »rust spots 锈斑 --› note atmark 3. [usually pl.] a small mark or lump on a person's skin, sometimes with a yellow head to it • (皮肤上的)丘疹,疱疹,粉刺；脓疱: »The baby's whole body was covered in small red spots. 当时这孩子浑身布满小红疙瘩。 »(BrE) teenagers worried about their spots 为长粉刺而烦恼的青少年 --› comparepimple,rash n. (1),zit ›› PLACE 地点 4. a particular area or place • 地点；场所；处所: »a quiet / secluded / lonely, etc. spot 宁静、僻静、寂静等的地方 »He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him. 他把他当时向她求婚的确切地点指给我看。 »She stood rooted to the spot with fear (= unable to move). 她吓得呆若木鸡地站在那里。 »a tourist spot 旅游景点 --› see alsoblack spot,blind spot,hot spot,nightspot,trouble spot --› note atplace ›› SMALL AMOUNT 少量 5. [usually sing.] ~ of sth (BrE, informal) a small amount of sth • 少量；一点 【SYN】bit: »He's in a spot of trouble. 他遇到一点麻烦。 6. [usually pl.] ~ (of sth) a small amount of a liquid • 几滴,少许(液体): »I felt a few spots of rain. 我感觉飘来几滴雨。 ›› PART OF SHOW 一段节目 7. a part of a television, radio, club or theatre show that is given to a particular entertainer or type of entertainment • (电视、广播中或俱乐部、剧院演出中)某演员的固定节目,某类节目的固定栏目: »a guest / solo spot 嘉宾/独唱节目 ›› IN COMPETITION 竞赛 8. a position in a competition or an event • 排名位置: »two teams battling for top spot 争夺冠军地位的两个队 ›› LIGHT 灯光 9. (informal) =spotlight n. (1)
【IDIOMS】
◘ in a (tight) 'spot •(informal) in a difficult situation • 处于困境 ◘ on the 'spot 1. immediately • 当场；当下: »He answered the question on the spot. 他当场就回答了那个问题。 »an on-the-spot parking fine 当场缴纳的违章停车罚款 2. at the actual place where sth is happening • 在现场: »An ambulance was on the spot within minutes. 几分钟之内,一辆救护车便赶到现场。 »an on-the-spot report 现场报道 3. (NAmE also in 'place) in six exact place, without moving in any direction • 在原地: »Running on the spot is good exercise. 原地跑步是一种很好的锻炼。 ◘ put sb on the 'spot • to make sb feel awkward or embarrassed by asking them a difficult question • (提出难题)使某人尴尬,使某人为难: »The interviewer's questions really put him on the spot. 采访者的问题的确使他尴尬。 --› more atbrightadj.,gluev.,hitv.,knockv.,leopard,rivetv.,soft◙ verb (-tt-) 1. (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to see or notice a person or thing, especially suddenly or when it is not easy to do so • 看见；看出；注意到；发现: ▪ [VN] »I finally spotted my friend in the crowd. 我终于在人群中看见了我的朋友。 »I've just spotted a mistake on the front cover. 我刚才在封面上发现了一处错误。 »Can you spot the difference between these ten pictures? 你能不能看出这两幅画有什么不同？ ▪ [VN -ing] »Neighbours spotted smoke coming out of the house. 邻居们发现有烟从这所房子里冒出来。 ▪ [V that] »No six spotted that the gun was a fake. 没有人留意到那是一支假枪。 ▪ [V wh-] »I soon spotted what the mistake was. 我很快就看出错误所在了。 --› see alsospotter --› note atsee 2. [VNN] (NAmE) (sport 体) to give your opponent or the other team an advantage • (对比赛对手)让分,让子,让步: »We spotted the opposing team ten goals. 我们让对手两个球。 ◘ be spotted with sth • to be covered with small round marks of sth • 满是…斑点: »His shirt was spotted with oil. 他的衬衣上满是油点。 ◙ adj. [only before noun] • (business 商) connected with a system of trading where goods are delivered and paid for immediately after sale • 现货交易的；立即支付的: »spot prices 现货价格
pub∙lish / ˈpʌbliʃ / ◙ verb 1. [VN] to produce a book, magazine,CD-ROM, etc. and sell it to the public • 出版；发行: »The first edition was published in 2002. 第一版于 2002 年发行。 »He works for a company that publishes reference books. 他在一家参考书出版公司工作。 »Most of our titles are also published on CD-ROM. 我们的大部份书籍也制成光盘发行。 2. [VN] to print a letter, an article, etc. in a newspaper or magazine • (在报刊)发表,刊登,登载: »Pictures of the suspect were published in all the daily papers. 嫌疑人的照片刊登在各家日报上了。 3. [VN] to make sth available to the public on the Internet • (在互联网上)发表,公布: »The report will be published on the Internet. 报告将在互联网上公布。 4. (of an author 作者) to have your work printed and sold to the public • 发表(作品)；使(作品)出版: ▪ [VN] »She hasn't published anything for years. 她好几年没有发表作品了。 ▪ [V] »University teachers are under pressure to publish. 大学教师有不得不发表作品的压力。 5. [VN] (formal) to make official information known to the public • 公布；发布 【SYN】release: »The findings of the committee will be published on Friday. 委员会的调查结果将于星期五公布。
an∙nounce / əˈnauns / ◙ verb 1. ~ (sth) (to sb) to tell people sth officially, especially about a decision, plans, etc. • 宣布,宣告(决定、计划等): ▪ [VN] »They haven't formally announced their engagement yet. 他们还没有正式宣布订婚。 »The government yesterday announced to the media plans to create a million new jobs. 政府在昨天向媒体宣布了创造一百万个新工作的计划。 »(figurative) A ring at the doorbell announced Jack's arrival. 门铃一响就知道杰克驾到。
【HELP】You cannot 'announce somebody something': They announced us their decision. • 不说 announce somebody something,不作 They announced us their decision.
▪ [V that] »We are pleased to announce that all nine candidates were successful. 我们高兴地宣布,五位候选人全都当选了。 ▪ [VN that] »It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced. 据宣布,将有新的速度限制规定出台。 ▪ [also V wh-] --› note atdeclare 2. to give information about sth in a public place, especially through aloudspeaker • (尤指通过广播)通知: ▪ [VN] »Has our flight been announced yet? 广播通知了我们的航班没有？ ▪ [V that] »They announced that the flight would be delayed. 广播通知,该航班将误点。 ▪ [also V speech] 3. to say sth in a loud and / or serious way • 声称；宣称: ▪ [V speech] »'I've given up smoking,' she announced. "我戒烟了。"她郑重其事地说。 ▪ [V that] »She announced that she'd given up smoking. 她宣称她已戒烟。 ▪ [also VN] --› note atdeclare 4. [VN] ~ yourself / sb to tell sb your name or sb else's name when you or they arrive at a place • 宣布(某人)到达；通报…的到来: »Would you announce the guests as they arrive? (= call out their names, for example at a formal party) 客人到达时请你通报他们的姓名好吗？ 5. [VN] to introduce, or give information about, a programme on radio or television • (在广播或电视中)播音,广播
tower / ˈtauə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a tall narrow building or part of a building, especially of a church or castle • 塔；建筑物的塔形部份；(尤指教堂或城堡的)塔楼: »a clock / bell tower 钟楼 »the Tower of London 伦敦塔 »the Eiffel Tower 埃菲尔铁塔 2. (often in compounds 常构成复合词) a tall structure used for sending television or radio signals • (电视或无线电信号的)发射塔: »a television tower 电视塔 3. (usually in compounds 通常构成复合词) a tall piece of furniture used for storing things • 高柜；高架子: »a CD tower 光盘柜 --› see alsocontrol tower,cooling tower,ivory tower,watchtower,water tower
【IDIOMS】
◘ a ˌtower of 'strength • a person that you can rely on to help, protect and comfort you when you are in trouble • (危难时的)可依靠的人,主心骨◙ verb 【PHR V】 ◘ ˌtower 'over / a'bove sb / sth 1. to be much higher or taller than the people or things that are near • 高于,超过(附近的人或物): »The cliffs towered above them. 悬崖峭壁高耸于他们上方。 »He towered over his classmates. 他的个儿比班里其他同学高出一大截。 2. to be much better than others in ability, quality, etc. • (在能力、品质等方面)胜过,远远超过(其他): »She towers over other dancers of her generation. 她远远超过同时代的舞蹈演员。
sun∙shine / ˈsʌnʃain / ◙ noun [U] 1. the light and heat of the sun • 阳光；日光: »the warm spring sunshine 春天和煦的阳光 2. (informal) happiness • 欢乐；幸福: »She brought sunshine into our dull lives. 她给我们乏味的生活带来了欢乐。 3. (BrE, informal) used for addressing sb in a friendly, or sometimes a rude way • (友好地称呼某人,有时显得不礼貌)朋友,老兄: »Hello, sunshine! 你好啊,老兄！ »Look, sunshine, who do you think you're talking to? 喂,哥们儿,知道你在跟谁说话吗？
【IDIOMS】
--› seerayre∙flect / riˈflekt / ◙ verb 1. [VN] [usually passive] ~ sb / sth (in sth) to show the image of sb / sth on the surface of sth such as a mirror, water or glass • 反映；映出(影像): »His face was reflected in the mirror. 他的脸映照在镜子里。 »She could see herself reflected in his eyes. 她在他的眼中看到了自己的样子。 2. [VN] to throw back light, heat, sound, etc. from a surface • 反射(声、光、热等): »The windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight. 窗户反射着午后明媚的阳光。 »When the sun's rays hit the earth, a lot of the heat is reflected back into space. 太阳光线照射到地球时,大量的热被反射回太空。 3. [VN] to show or be a sign of the nature of sth or of sb's attitude or feeling • 显示,表明,表达(事物的自然属性或人们的态度、情感等): »Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. 我们的报纸旨在表达当地人民的心声。 4. ~ (on / upon sth) to think carefully and deeply about sth • 认真思考；沉思: ▪ [V] »Before I decide, I need time to reflect. 在作出决定以前,我需要时间认真考虑考虑。 »She was left to reflect on the implications of her decision. 由她负责考虑她这个决定会牵扯哪些问题。 ▪ [V that] »On the way home he reflected that the interview had gone well. 回家的路上,他琢磨着这次面试非常顺利。 ▪ [also V wh- , V speech]
【IDIOMS】
◘ reflect well, badly, etc. on sb / sth • to make sb / sth appear to be good, bad, etc. to other people • 使给人以好的(坏的或其他)印象: »This incident reflects badly on everyone involved. 这一事件给所有相关人士都造成了恶劣影响。
dia∙mond / ˈdaiəmənd / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] a clearprecious stoneof purecarbon, the hardest substance known. Diamonds are used in jewellery and also in industry, especially for cutting glass. • 金刚石；钻石: »a ring with a diamond in it 钻石戒指 »a diamond ring / necklace 钻石戒指/项链 »She was wearing her diamonds (= jewellery with diamonds in it). 她戴着钻石首饰。 »The lights shone like diamonds. 灯光像钻石一样闪闪发亮。 --› see alsorough diamond 2. [C] a shape with five straight sides of equal length and with angles that are notright angles • 菱形 3. diamonds [pl., U] one of the foursuits(= sets) in apack / deckof cards. The cards are marked with red diamond shapes. • (纸牌的)方块: »the two of diamonds 方块十 4. [C] a card of thissuit • (一张)方块牌: »You must play a diamond if you have one. 如果你有方块就必须出。 5. [C] (inbaseball 棒球) the space inside the lines that connects the fourbases; also used to mean the wholebaseballfield • 内场；棒球场
cat∙tle / ˈkætl / ◙ noun [pl.] • cows andbullsthat are kept as farm animals for their milk or meat • 牛: »a herd of cattle 一群牛 »twenty head of cattle (= twenty cows) 二十头牛 »dairy / beef cattle 乳/菜牛
wan∙der / ˈwɔndə(r); NAme ˈwɑ:n- / ◙ verb 1. to walk slowly around or to a place, often without any particular sense of purpose or direction • 漫游；游荡；闲逛；徘徊；流浪；漂泊 ▪ [V +adv. / prep.] »She wandered aimlessly around the streets. 她在大街上漫无目的地到处游荡。 »We wandered back towards the car. 我们遛达着回到汽车那里。 ▪ [VN] »The child was found wandering the streets alone. 那孩子被发现独自在大街上瞎转。 2. [V] ~ (away / off) | ~ (from / off sth) to move away from the place where you ought to be or the people you are with • 偏离(正道)；走失；离散 【SYN】stray: »The child wandered off and got lost. 那孩子走散后迷路了。 »They had wandered from the path into the woods. 他们离开小路消失在树林里。 3. [V] ~ (away, back, to, etc. sth) (of a person's mind or thoughts 人的思想或想法) to stop being directed on sth and to move without much control to other ideas, subjects, etc. • 走神；神志恍惚；(思想)开小差 【SYN】drift: »It's easy to be distracted and let your attention wander. 很容易走神分散了注意力。 »Try not to let your mind wander. 尽量别让你的思想开小差。 »Her thoughts wandered back to her youth. 她浮想联翩,思绪回到了青春岁月。 4. [V , usually +adv. / prep.] (of a person's eyes 人的眼睛) to move slowly from looking at six thing to looking at another thing or in other directions • 慢慢地移开: »His eyes wandered towards the photographs on the wall. 他的目光慢慢地移向墙上的照片。 »She let her gaze wander. 她东瞅瞅西望望。 5. [V , usually +adv. / prep.] (of a road or river 道路或河流) to curve instead of following a straight course • 蜿蜒；迂回曲折: »The road wanders along through the hills. 这条路蜿蜒曲折地穿过丘陵。 ◙ noun [sing.] • a short walk in or around a place, usually with no special purpose • 游荡；遛达；闲逛；徘徊: »I went to the park and had a wander around. 我去公园转了一圈。
sur∙round∙ing / səˈraundiŋ / ◙ adj. [only before noun] • that is near or around sth • 周围的；附近的: »Oxford and the surrounding area 牛津及其周围地区
har∙mony / ˈhɑ:məni; NAme ˈhɑ:rm- / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) 1. [U] a state of peaceful existence and agreement • 融洽；和睦: »the need to be in harmony with our environment 同我们的环境协调的必要 »to live together in perfect harmony 十分和睦地一同生活 »social / racial harmony 社会/种族融洽 --› comparediscord 2. [U, C] (music 音) the way in which different notes that are played or sung together combine to make a pleasing sound • 和声: »to sing in harmony 用和声唱 »to study four-part harmony 研究四部和声 »passionate lyrics and stunning vocal harmonies 充满激情的歌词和绝妙的和声演唱 --› comparediscord(2) 3. [C, U] a pleasing combination of related things • 和谐；协调: »the harmony of colour in nature 自然界色彩的协调
end∙less / ˈendləs / ◙ adj. 1. very large in size or amount and seeming to have no end • 无止境的；无垠的；无穷无尽的；不计其数的 【SYN】limitless: »endless patience 无限的耐心 »endless opportunities for making money 无数挣钱的机会 »The possibilities are endless. 存在着无限的可能性。 »an endless list of things to do 列不完的要做的事 »We don't have an endless supply of money, you know. 你要知道,我们没有取之不尽的资金供给。 2. continuing for a long time and seeming to have no end • 永久的；不断的；无休止的: »an endless round of parties and visits 没完没了一个又一个的社交聚会和访问 »The journey seemed endless. 旅程似乎没有尽头。 »I've had enough of their endless arguing. 我听够了他们无休止的争吵。 3. (technical 术语) (of aloop, etc. 环状物) having the ends joined together so it forms one piece • 两端连接的；环状的: »an endless loop of tape 环状带 ♦ end∙less∙ly adv.: »She talks endlessly about her problems. 她喋喋不休地谈论着自己的问题。 »an endlessly repeated pattern 不断重复的模式
mild / maild / ◙ adj. (mild∙er, mild∙est) 1. not severe or strong • 温和的；和善的；不严厉的: »a mild form of the disease 病势不重 »a mild punishment / criticism 轻微的责罚；和善的批评 »It's safe to take a mild sedative. 服用药性不强的镇定剂没有危险。 »Use a soap that is mild on the skin. 使用对皮肤刺激性不强的肥皂。 2. (of weather 天气) not very cold, and therefore pleasant • 温和的；和煦的: »the mildest winter since records began 自有记载以来最温暖舒适的冬天 »a mild climate 温和的气候 --› comparehard adj. (10) 3. (of feelings 情感) not great or extreme 【SYN】slight • 温和的；不强烈的；轻微的: »mild irritation / amusement / disapproval 几分恼怒/喜悦/不赞成 »She looked at him in mild surprise. 她略带吃惊地看着他。 4. (of people or their behaviour 人或其行为) gentle and kind; not usually getting angry or violent • 和善的；随和的 【SYN】equable: »a mild woman, who never shouted 从不大声叫喊的随和的女人 5. (of a flavour 味道) not strong, spicy or bitter • 不浓的；淡味的: »a mild curry 淡味咖喱 »mild cheese 淡味奶酪 【OPP】hot ♦ mild∙ness noun [U] : »the mildness of a sunny spring day 春日阳光融融的温暖 »her mildness of manner 她温柔随和的举止 ◙ noun [U] • (BrE) a type of dark beer with a mild flavour • 淡味啤酒: »Two pints of mild, please. 请来两品脱淡啤酒。 --› comparebitter n. (1)