m2u3curse / kə:s; NAmE kə:rs / ◙ noun 1. (also cuss) [C] a rude or offensive word or phrase that some people use when they are very angry • 咒骂语；骂人话 【SYN】oath,swear word: »He muttered a curse at the other driver. 他低声咒骂另一位开车的人。 2. [C] a word or phrase that has a magic power to make sth bad happen • 咒；咒语: »The family thought that they were under a curse. 这家人认为他们受人诅咒而遭了殃。 --› comparehex 3. [C] something that causes harm or evil • 祸根；祸端；祸水: »the curse of drug addiction 吸毒成瘾的祸害 »Noise is a curse of modern city life. 噪音是现代城市生活的一大祸根。 4. the curse [sing.] (old-fashioned, informal) menstruation◙ verb 1. [V] to swear • 诅咒: »He hit his head as he stood up and cursed loudly. 他站起来时撞了头,便破口大骂。 2. [VN] ~ (sb / sth) (for sth) to say rude things to sb or think rude things about sb / sth • 咒骂；诅咒；在心里诅咒: »She cursed her bad luck. 她骂自己运气不好。 »He cursed himself for his stupidity. 他咒骂自己愚蠢。 3. [VN] to use a magic word or phrase against sb in order to harm them • 念咒语诅咒: »Legend has it that the whole village had been cursed by a witch. 传说整座村庄遭到了巫婆的诅咒。 --› comparehex
【PHR V】
◘ be 'cursed with sth • to continuously suffer from or be affected by sth bad • 不断因…而遭殃；为…所苦；受…之害: »She seems cursed with bad luck. 她好像运气不好连连遭殃。
mummy / ˈmʌmi / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) 1. (BrE) (NAmEmommy,momma) (informal) a child's word for a mother • (儿语)妈咪: »'I want my mummy!' he wailed. 他哭叫着:"我要妈妈！" »It hurts, Mummy! 妈妈,疼！ »Mummy and Daddy will be back soon. 妈妈爸爸就要回来了。 2. a body of a human or an animal that has beenmummified • 木乃伊；经处理保存的人体或动物干尸: »an Egyptian mummy 一具埃及木乃伊
ex∙plorer / ikˈsplɔ:rə(r) / ◙ noun • a person who travels to unknown places in order to find out more about them • 探险者；勘探者；考察者
curi∙ous / ˈkjuəriəs; NAmE ˈkjur- / ◙ adj. 1. ~ (about sth) | ~ (to do sth) having a strong desire to know about sth • 求知欲强的；好奇的 【SYN】inquisitive: »They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。 »I was curious to find out what she had said. 我真想弄清楚她说了些什么。 »Everyone was curious as to why Mark was leaving. 马克为什么要离去,大家都感到好奇。 »He is such a curious boy, always asking questions. 他这个孩子求知欲很强,总是爱提问。 2. ~ (that...) strange and unusual • 稀奇古怪；奇特；不寻常: »There was a curious mixture of people in the audience. 观众中有些人混杂在一起显得很怪。 »It was a curious feeling, as though we were floating on air. 那是一种奇特的感觉,我们彷佛在空中漂浮。 »It was curious that she didn't tell anyone. 她没有告诉任何人,这很反常。 ♦ curi∙ous∙ly adv.: »'Are you really an artist?' Sara asked curiously. "你真是画家吗？"萨拉好奇地问道。 »His clothes were curiously old-fashioned. 他的衣服式样陈旧古怪。 »Curiously enough, a year later exactly the same thing happened again. 说来也怪,一模一样的事情在一年以后又发生了。
tomb / tu:m / ◙ noun • a large grave, especially six built of stone above or below the ground • 坟墓；塚
for∙tune / ˈfɔ:tʃu:n; NAmE ˈfɔ:rtʃ- / ◙ noun 1. [U] chance or luck, especially in the way it affects people's lives • (尤指影响人生的)机会,运气: »I have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors. 我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。 »By a stroke of fortune he found work almost immediately. 他运气好,几乎立刻找到了工作。 »Fortune smiled on me (= I had good luck). 我交了好运。 --› note atluck 2. [C] a large amount of money • 大笔的钱；巨款: »He made a fortune in real estate. 他在房地产上发了财。 »She inherited a share of the family fortune. 她继承了家庭的一份财产。 »A car like that costs a small fortune. 像这样的轿车要花一大笔钱。 »You don't have to spend a fortune to give your family tasty, healthy meals. 让家里人吃味道好又健康的餐食并不需要花许多钱。 »She is hoping her US debut will be the first step on the road to fame and fortune. 她希望她在美国的首次演出将是她走上名利双收之路的第一步。 »That ring must be worth a fortune. 那只戒指肯定要值好多钱。 3. [C, usually pl., U] the good and bad things that happen to a person, family, country, etc. • (个人、家庭、国家等的)发展变化的趋势,命运,际遇: »the changing fortunes of the film industry 电影业的变迁 »the fortunes of war 战争的局势 »a reversal of fortune(s) 命运的扭转 4. [C] a person'sfateor future • (个人的)命运,前途: »She can tell your fortune by looking at the lines on your hand. 她可凭看手纹替你算命。
【IDIOMS】
--› seehostage,seek --› see alsosoldier of fortunejewel / ˈdʒu:əl / ◙ noun 1. aprecious stonesuch as a diamond,ruby, etc. • 宝石 【SYN】gem(2) 2. [usually pl.] pieces of jewellery or decorative objects that containprecious stones • 珠宝首饰: »The family jewels are locked away in a safe. 家里的珠宝首饰都锁在保险柜里。 --› see alsocrown jewels 3. a smallprecious stoneor piece of special glass that is used in the machinery of a watch • (手表的)宝石轴承 4. (informal) a person or thing that is very important or valuable • 宝贝；难能可贵的人；珍贵的东西 --› comparegem(2)
【IDIOMS】
◘ the jewel in the 'crown • the most attractive or valuable part of sth • 王冠上的宝石；最有吸引力(或珍贵、有价值)的东西
pre∙serve / priˈzə:v; NAme -ˈzə:rv / ◙ verb 1. [VN] to keep a particular quality, feature, etc.; to make sure that sth is kept • 保护；维护；保留: »He was anxious to preserve his reputation. 他急于维护自己的名声。 »Efforts to preserve the peace have failed. 维护和平的努力失败了。 2. [often passive] to keep sth in its original state in good condition • 维持…的原状；保存；保养: ▪ [VN] »a perfectly preserved 14th century house 保存完好的 14 世纪宅第 »(humorous) Is he really 60? He's remarkably well preserved. 他真有 60 岁了吗？他真会保养啊。 ▪ [VN-ADJ] »This vase has been preserved intact. 这个花瓶保存得完好无损。 3. [VN] to prevent sth, especially food, from decaying by treating it in a particular way • 贮存；保鲜: »olives preserved in brine 盐水橄榄 »Wax polish preserves wood and leather. 上光蜡可保护木材和皮革。 4. [VN] ~ sb / sth (from sth) to keep sb / sth alive, or safe from harm or danger • 使继续存活；保护；保全 【SYN】save: »The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. 成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝。 --› compareconserve v. (2) ◙ noun 1. [sing.] ~ (of sb) an activity, a job, an interest, etc. that is thought to be suitable for six particular person or group of people • (某人或群体活动、工作等的)专门领域: »Football is no longer the preserve of men. 足球再也不是男人的专利了。 »in the days when nursing was a female preserve 在护理工作为女性所专有的时代 2. [C, usually pl., U] a type of jam made by boiling fruit with a large amount of sugar • 果酱 3. [C, usually pl., U] (especially BrE) a type ofpicklemade by cooking vegetables with salt orvinegar • 腌菜；泡菜 4. [C] (NAmE) =reserve n. (2) 5. [C] an area of private land or water where animals and fish are kept for people to hunt • 私人渔猎场(或保留地)
val∙ley / ˈvæli / ◙ noun • an area of low land between hills or mountains, often with a river flowing through it; the land that a river flows through • 谷；山谷；溪谷；流域: »a small town set in a valley 坐落在溪谷中的小镇 »a wooded valley 树木茂盛的山谷 »the valley floor 谷底 »the Shenandoah Valley 谢南多厄谷
lord / lɔ:d; NAme lɔ:rd / ◙ noun 1. [C] (in Britain) a man of high rank in thenobility(= people of high social class), or sb who has been given the title 'lord' as an honour • (英国)贵族 --› comparelady(6) 2. Lord (in Britain) the title used by a lord • 勳爵(英国贵族的称号): »Lord Beaverbrook 比弗布鲁克勳爵 3. Lord a title used for some high official positions in Britain • (英国用于某些高级官员的职位前)阁下,大人,大臣: »the Lord Chancellor 大法官 »the Lord Mayor 市长阁下 4. My Lord (in Britain) a title of respect used when speaking to a judge,bishopor some male members of thenobility(= people of high social class) • (英国用以称呼法官、主教或某些男性贵族成员,表示尊敬)大人,阁下 --› comparelady(6) 5. a powerful man inmedievalEurope, who owned a lot of land and property • (中世纪欧洲的)领主: »a feudal lord 封建领主 »the lord of the manor 庄园主 --› see alsooverlord,warlord 6. (usually the Lord) [sing.] a title used to refer to God or Christ • 主；上主；上帝: »Love the Lord with all your heart. 要全心全意地爱主。 7. Our Lord [sing.] a title used to refer to Christ • 主耶稣；主基督 8. the Lords [sing. + sing. / pl. v.] =House of Lords: »The Lords has / have not yet reached a decision. 上议院尚未作出决定。 --› compareCommons --› see alsolaw lord
【IDIOMS】
◘ (good) 'Lord! | ◘ oh 'Lord! • exclamationused to show that you are surprised, annoyed or worried about sth • (表示惊讶、讨厌或忧虑)主啊,天哪: »Good Lord, what have you done to your hair! 天啊,你把头发弄成什么样子啦！ ◘ 'Lord knows... • used to emphasize what you are saying • (强调所说的话)众所周知,谁都知道: »Lord knows, I tried to teach her. 谁都知道,我曾经努力想教她。 ◘ 'Lord ('only) knows (what, where, why, etc.)... • (informal) used to say that you do not know the answer to sth • (表示不知道答案)天知道,天晓得: »'Why did she say that?' 'Lord knows!' "她为何那样说？" "只有天知道！"
【HELP】Some people may find the use of Lord in these expressions offensive. • 有人可能认为此处用 Lord 含冒犯意。
--› more atdrunkadj.,year◙ verb ◘ 'lord it over sb (disapproving) to act as if you are better or more important than sb • 对某人举止霸道(或逞威风)
en∙trance¹ / ˈentrəns / ◙ noun --› see alsoentrance² ›› DOOR / GATE 门 1. [C] ~ (to / of sth) a door, gate, passage, etc. used for entering a room, building or place • 大门(口)；入口(处)；通道: »the entrance to the museum / the museum entrance 博物馆入口处 »the front / back / side entrance of the house 房子的前门/后门/侧门 »A lighthouse marks the entrance to the harbour. 灯塔是进入海港航道的标志。 »an entrance hall / lobby 门厅 »I'll meet you at the main entrance. 我在正门见你。 --› compareexitn. (1) ›› GOING IN 进入 2. [C, usually sing.] ~ (of sb) the act of entering a room, building or place, especially in a way that attracts the attention of other people • 进入；出场；登场: »His sudden entrance took everyone by surprise. 他的突然出场使所有人都感到意外。 »A fanfare signalled the entrance of the king. 响亮的喇叭声是国王驾到的信号。 »She made her entrance after all the other guests had arrived. 她在其他所有客人都到达后才入场。 »The hero makes his entrance (= walks onto the stage) in Scene 2. 男主角在第 2 幕出场。 3. [U] ~ (to sth) the right or opportunity to enter a building or place • 进入权；进入机会: »They were refused entrance to the exhibition. 他们被拒于展览会门外。 »(BrE) an entrance fee (= money paid to go into a museum, etc.) 入场费 »The police were unable to gain entrance to the house. 警方未能得到进入这栋房子的许可权。 ›› BECOMING INVOLVED 卷入 4. [C] ~ (into sth) the act of becoming involved in sth • 卷入；参与: »The company made a dramatic entrance into the export market. 这家公司戏剧性地打入了出口市场。 ›› TO CLUB / INSTITUTION 俱乐部；机构 5. [U] ~ (to sth) permission to become a member of a club, society, university, etc. • (俱乐部、社团、大学等的)准许加入,进入许可: »a university entrance exam 大学入学考试 »entrance requirements 入学要求 »Entrance to the golf club is by sponsorship only. 只有通过赞助才能加入这个高尔夫俱乐部。 --› compareentry◙ en∙trance² / inˈtrɑ:ns; NAmE -ˈtræns / verb • [VN] [usually passive] (formal) to make sb feel great pleasure and admiration so that they give sb / sth all their attention • 使狂喜；使入迷 【SYN】enthral: »He listened to her, entranced. 他听她讲话听得出了神。 --› see alsoentrance¹ ♦ en∙tran∙cing adj.: »entrancing music 令人陶醉的音乐
con∙tent¹ / ˈkɔntent; NAmE ˈkɑ:n- / ◙ noun --› see alsocontent² 1. contents [pl.] the things that are contained in sth • 所容纳之物；所含之物；内容: »He tipped the contents of the bag onto the table. 他把提包里的东西倒在桌子上。 »Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building. 大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。 »She hadn't read the letter and so was unaware of its contents. 她没有看过那封信,所以对其内容一无所知。 2. contents [pl.] the different sections that are contained in a book • (书的)目录,目次: »a table of contents (= the list at the front of a book) 目录 »a contents page 目录页 3. [sing.] the subject matter of a book, speech, programme, etc. • (书、讲话、节目等的)主题,主要内容: »Your tone of voice is as important as the content of what you have to say. 你的讲话声调和你要讲的内容同样重要。 »The content of the course depends on what the students would like to study. 课程的内容取决于学生愿意学什么。 »Her poetry has a good deal of political content. 她的诗歌包含有大量的政治内容。 4. [sing.] (following a noun 用于名词后) the amount of a substance that is contained in sth else • 含量；容量: »food with a high fat content 脂肪含量高的食物 »the alcohol content of a drink 饮料的酒精含量 5. [U] (computing 计) the information or other material contained on a website orCD-ROM • (网站或只读光盘上的)内容,目录: »online content providers 网络内容提供商 ◙ con∙tent² / kənˈtent / adj. --› see alsocontent¹ [not before noun] 1. ~ (with sth) happy and satisfied with what you have • 满意；满足: »Not content with stealing my boyfriend (= not thinking that this was enough), she has turned all my friends against me. 她夺走了我的男朋友还不满足,又挑起我所有的朋友和我作对。 »He seemed more content, less bitter. 他看起来比较满意,不那么失望。 »He had to be content with third place. 他只好屈居第三名。 --› note athappy 2. ~ to do sth willing to do sth • 愿意: »I was content to wait. 我愿意等候。 --› comparecontented◙ con∙tent² / kənˈtent / noun --› see alsocontent¹ =contentment
【IDIOMS】
--› seeheart◙ con∙tent² / kənˈtent / verb --› see alsocontent¹ ▪ [VN] 1. ~ yourself with sth to accept and be satisfied with sth and not try to have or do sth better • 满足；满意；知足: »Martina contented herself with a bowl of soup. 马蒂娜喝了一碗汤就心满意足了。 2. (formal) to make sb feel happy or satisfied • 使满意；使满足: »My apology seemed to content him. 我的道歉好像使他感到满意。
swal∙low / ˈswɔləu; NAme ˈswɑ:lou / ◙ verb ›› FOOD / DRINK 食物；饮料 1. to make food, drink, etc. go down your throat into your stomach • 吞下；咽下: ▪ [VN] »Always chew food well before swallowing it. 什么食物都要先嚼碎再吞咽。 ▪ [VN-ADJ] »The pills should be swallowed whole. 这些药要吞服。 ▪ [V] »I had a sore throat and it hurt to swallow. 当时我嗓子疼,咽东西就疼。 ›› MOVE THROAT MUSCLES 做吞咽动作 2. [V] to move the muscles of your throat as if you were swallowing sth, especially because you are nervous • (由于紧张等)做吞咽动作: »She swallowed hard and told him the bad news. 她硬下心把坏消息告诉了他。 ›› COMPLETELY COVER 完全覆盖 3. [VN] [often passive] ~ sb / sth (up) to take sb / sth in or completely cover it so that they cannot be seen or no longer exist separately • 吞没；淹没；侵吞: »I watched her walk down the road until she was swallowed by the darkness. 我看着她沿公路越走越远,直至消失在黑暗中。 »Large areas of countryside have been swallowed up by towns. 大片大片的乡村地区被城镇吞噬。 ›› USE UP MONEY 用尽钱 4. [VN] ~ sb / sth (up) to use up sth completely, especially an amount of money • 用尽,耗尽,花光(钱等): »Most of my salary gets swallowed (up) by the rent and bills. 我的工资大多支付房租和各种日常费用了。 ›› BELIEVE 相信 5. to accept that sth is true; to believe sth • 相信；信以为真: ▪ [VN] »I found her excuse very hard to swallow. 我觉得她的理由很难让人相信。 ▪ [VN-ADJ] »He told her a pack of lies, but she swallowed it whole. 他对她讲了一堆假话,可她全都信以为真。 ›› FEELINGS 感情 6. [VN] to hide your feelings • 不流露；掩饰；抑制: »to swallow your doubts 不流露怀疑 »You're going to have to swallow your pride and ask for your job back. 你得放下架子,去求人家给你恢复原职。 ›› ACCEPT INSULTS 忍受侮辱 7. [VN] to accept insults, criticisms, etc. without complaining or protesting • 默默忍受(侮辱、批评等): »I was surprised that he just sat there and swallowed all their remarks. 让我吃惊的是他就坐在那儿默默地任凭他们评论。
【IDIOMS】
—more atbitteradj. ◙ noun ›› BIRD 鸟 1. a small bird with long pointed wings and a tail with two points, that spends the winter in Africa but flies to northern countries for the summer • 燕 ›› OF FOOD / DRINK 食物；饮料 2. an act of swallowing; an amount of food or drink that is swallowed at one time • 咽；吞；一次吞咽的量；一口 ◘ one ˌswallow doesn't make a 'summer •(saying) you must not take too seriously a small sign that sth is happening or will happen in the future, because the situation could change • 别略有好事就以为佳时已到；好事可能纯属偶然；一燕不成夏(不能单凭微小的迹象而下定论)death / deθ / ◙ noun 1. [C] the fact of sb dying or being killed • 死；死亡: »a sudden / violent / peaceful, etc. death 猝死、横死、安详的死等 »the anniversary of his wife's death 他妻子的忌日 »an increase in deaths from cancer 癌症死亡人数的增加 »He died a slow and painful death. 他缓慢而痛苦地死去。 2. [U] the end of life; the state of being dead • 生命的终止；死亡状态: »Two children were burnt to death in the fire (= they died as a result of the fire). 两个孩子被大火烧死。 »He's drinking himself to death (= so that it will kill him). 他这样喝酒非醉死不可。 »Police are trying to establish the cause of death. 警方在设法确定死因。 »Do you believe in life after death ? 你相信来世吗？ »a death camp (= a place where prisoners are killed, usually in a war) 死亡集中营(常指战争中杀害俘虏的地方) »He was sentenced to death (= to beexecuted). 他被判处死刑。 3. [U] ~ of sth the permanent end or destruction of sth • 永久的灭亡；毁灭；破灭: »the death of all my plans 我所有计划的破灭 »the death of communism 共产主义的灭亡 4. (also Death) [U] (literary) the power that destroys life, imagined as human in form • 死神: »Death is often shown in paintings as a human skeleton. 在绘画作品中死神常以骷髅形式出现。 --› see alsosudden death
【IDIOMS】
◘ at death's 'door •(often humorous) so ill / sick that you may die • (因病重)生命危在旦夕；病危 ◘ be the 'death of sb •(informal) to worry or upset sb very much • 让某人担心得要命；使某人深感不安: »Those kids will be the death of me. 光为那些孩子操心就会把我累死。 ◘ ˌdo sth to 'death • to do or perform sth so often that people become tired of seeing or hearing it • 做烦了；看腻了；听厌了: »That joke's been done to death. 这个笑话都听腻了。 ◘ frighten / scare sb to 'death • to frighten sb very much • 把某人吓得要命 ◘ look / feel like death warmed 'up (BrE) (NAmElike death warmed 'over) (informal) • to look or feel very ill / sick or tired • 看起来病得厉害(或疲惫不堪)；感到很不舒服(或累得要命) ◘ put sb to death • to kill sb as a punishment • 处死；处决 【SYN】execute: »The prisoner will be put to death at dawn. 罪犯将在黎明时被处死。 ◘ to death • extremely; very much • 极度；非常: »to be bored to death 腻烦得要命 »I'm sick to death of your endless criticism. 你这无休止的指责真让我烦死了。 ◘ to the death • until sb is dead • 至死；到底；永远: »a fight to the death 战斗到底 --› more atcatchv.,cheatv.,dicev.,diev.,fate,fightv.,flog,grim,kissn.,life,mattern.
short∙ly / ˈʃɔ:tli; NAme ˈʃɔ:rt- / ◙ adv. 1. a short time; not long • 不多时；不久: »She arrived shortly after us. 我们刚到不多会儿她就到了。 »I saw him shortly before he died. 在他去世前不久我还见过他一面。 2. soon • 立刻；马上: »I'll be ready shortly. 我马上就准备好了。 3. in an angry and impatient way • 没好气地；不耐烦地 【SYN】sharplywith∙in / wiˈðin / ◙ prep. 1. before a particular period of time has passed; during a particular period of time • 不出(某段时间)；在(某段时间)之内: »You should receive a reply within eight days. 你会在七天之内收到答覆。 »The ambulance arrived within minutes of the call being made. 打电话后几分钟内救护车就到了。 »Two elections were held within the space of a year. 在一年的时间之内举行了两次选举。 2. not further than a particular distance from sth • 不出(某段距离)；在(某段距离)之间: »a house within a mile of the station 离车站不到一英里的一所房子 »Is it within walking distance ? 那里步行走得到吗？ 3. inside the range or limits of sth • 不出(某范围或限度)；在(某范围)之内: »That question is not within the scope of this talk. 那个问题不在本次会谈范围之内。 »We are now within range of enemy fire. 我们现在处于敌人的火力射程以内。 »He finds it hard to live within his income (= without spending more than he earns). 他觉得靠自己的收入生活难以为继。 【OPP】outside 4. (formal) inside sth / sb • 在…里；在…内部: »The noise seems to be coming from within the building. 吵闹声像是从楼房里传出来的。 »There is discontent within the farming industry. 农业界内部多有不满。 ◙ adv. • (formal) inside • 在里面；在内部: »Cleaner required. Apply within. (= on a sign) 招聘清洁工。应聘者请进。
co∙in∙ci∙dence / kəuˈinsidəns; NAmE kou- / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] the fact of ten things happening at the same time by chance, in a surprising way • (令人吃惊的)巧合,巧事: »a strange / an extraordinary / a remarkable coincidence 奇怪的/意外的/不寻常的巧合 »What a coincidence! I wasn't expecting to see you here. 真巧！我没料到会在这里见到你。 »It's not a coincidence that none of the directors are women (= it did not happen by chance). 没有一位董事是女性,这并非偶然。 »By (sheer) coincidence, I met the person we'd been discussing the next day. 真是巧了,我在第二天就遇见了我们一直在谈论的那个人。 --› note atluck 2. [sing.] (formal) the fact of things being present at the same time • 同时存在；并存: »the coincidence of inflation and unemployment 通货膨胀与失业的并存 3. [sing.] (formal) the fact of ten or more opinions, etc. being the same • (意见等的)相同,相符,一致: »a coincidence of interests between the ten partners 两个合伙人之间利益的一致
con∙nec∙tion (BrE also less frequent con∙nex∙ion) / kəˈnekʃn / ◙ noun ›› LINK 联系 1. [C] ~ (between A and B) | ~ (with sth) something that connects two facts, ideas, etc. • (两种事实、观念等的)联系,关联 【SYN】link: »Scientists have established a connection between cholesterol levels and heart disease. 科学家已证实胆固醇含量与心脏病之间有关联。 »a direct / close / strong connection with sth 与某事有直接的/密切的/牢固的联系 »How did you make the connection (= realize that there was a connection between two facts that did not seem to be related) ? 你怎么看出来有这种关系的？ ›› BEING CONNECTED 连接 2. [U, C] ~ (to sth) the act of connecting or the state of being connected • 联结；接通；连接: »Connection to the gas supply was delayed for three days. 接通煤气延迟了三天。 »I'm having problems with my Internet connection. 我的互联网连接有问题。 ›› IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 电力系统 3. [C] a point, especially in an electrical system, where two parts connect • 连接点；(尤指电力系统的)接头: »A faulty connection caused the machine to stop. 线路接错导致机器停止运转。 ›› TRAIN / BUS / PLANE 火车；公共汽车；飞机 4. [C] a train, bus or plane at a station or an airport that a passenger can take soon after getting off another in order to continue their journey • 转车；转机；联运: »We arrived in good time for the connection to Paris. 我们到达时有充分的时间接上去巴黎的联运。 5. [C, usually pl.] a means of travelling to another place • 旅行交通工具: »There are good bus and train connections between the resort and major cities. 在度假胜地与主要城市之间有着便利的公车和火车运输。 ›› PERSON / ORGANIZATION 人；机构 6. [C, usually pl.] a person or an organization that you know and that can help or advise you in your social or professional life • 有社交或业务关系的人(或机构) 【SYN】contact: »One of my business connections gave them my name. 我生意上的一个关系户向他们提供了我的名字。 ›› DISTANT RELATIVES 远亲 7. connections [pl.] people who are your relatives, but not members of your close family • 亲戚；旁系亲属: »She is British but also has German connections. 她是英国人,但也有德国亲戚。
【IDIOMS】
◘ in connection with sb / sth • for reasons connected with sb / sth • 与…有关(或相关): »A man has been arrested in connection with the murder of the teenager. 一名男子因与该谋杀少年案有关而被捕。 »I am writing to you in connection with your recent job application. 我写此信与你最近求职一事有关。 ◘ in this / that connection •(formal) for reasons connected with sth recently mentioned • 由于这(或那)事；为此
pun∙ish∙ment / ˈpʌniʃmənt / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] ~ (for sth) an act or a way of punishing sb • 惩罚；处罚；刑罚: »to inflict / impose / mete out punishment 予以惩罚 »What is the punishment for murder? 谋杀应处以什么刑罚？ »There is little evidence that harsher punishments deter any better than more lenient ones. 甚少证据显示严惩比宽大更能遏止犯罪。 »The punishment should fit the crime. 罚宜当罪。 »He was sent to his room as a punishment. 他被罚回到他的房间。 --› see alsocapital punishment,corporal punishment 2. [U] rough treatment • 粗暴对待；虐待: »The carpet by the door takes the most punishment. 门边的地毯磨损得最厉害。
sci∙en∙tif∙ic / ˌsaiənˈtifik / ◙ adj. [usually before noun] 1. involving science; connected with science • 科学(上)的；关于科学的: »a scientific discovery 科学发现 »scientific knowledge 科学知识 »sites of scientific interest 引起科学界关注的地方 2. (of a way of doing sth or thinking 做事或思想的方法) careful and logical • 细致严谨的；科学的: »He took a very scientific approach to management. 他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。 »We need to be more scientific about this problem. 在这个问题上我们需要更为严谨一些。 【OPP】unscientific --› comparenon-scientific ♦ sci∙en∙tif∙ic∙al∙ly / -kli / adv.virus / ˈvairəs / ◙ noun 1. a living thing, too small to be seen without amicroscope, that causes infectious disease in people, animals and plants • 病毒；滤过性病毒: »the flu virus 流感病毒 »a virus infection 病毒感染 2. (informal) a disease caused by a virus • 病毒性疾病；病毒病: »There's a virus going around the office. 办公室里流行着一种病毒性疾病。 3. instructions that are hidden within a computer program and are designed to cause faults or destroy data • (计算机程序中的)病毒 --› see alsoviraldis∙turb / diˈstə:b; NAmE -ˈstə:rb / ◙ verb 1. [VN] to interrupt sb when they are trying to work, sleep, etc. • 打扰；干扰；妨碍: »I'm sorry to disturb you, but can I talk to you for a moment? 对不起,打扰你一下,我能跟你谈一会儿吗？ »If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else. 如果你起得早,尽量不要打扰别人。 »Do not disturb (= a sign placed on the outside of the door of a hotel room, office, etc.) 请勿打扰(旅馆房间、办公室等门上的提示牌) »She awoke early after a disturbed night. 她折腾了一夜,很早就醒了。 2. [VN] to move sth or change its position • 搅乱；弄乱；搞乱: »Don't disturb the papers on my desk. 别把我写字枱上的文件弄乱了。 3. to make sb worry • 使焦虑；使不安；使烦恼: ▪ [VN] »The letter shocked and disturbed me. 这封信使我感到震惊和不安。 ▪ [VN to inf] »It disturbed her to realize that she was alone. 她意识到自己孤单一人,心里感到很不安。
breathe / bri:ð / ◙ verb ›› AIR / BREATH 空气；呼吸 1. to take air into your lungs and send it out again through your nose or mouth • 呼吸: ▪ [V] »He breathed deeply before speaking again. 他深深吸一口气,然后继续说下去。 »The air was so cold we could hardly breathe. 空气非常寒冷,我们难以呼吸。 »She was beginning to breathe more easily. 她呼吸开始较为顺畅了。 ▪ [VN] »Most people don't realize that they are breathing polluted air. 大多数人没有意识到自己正呼吸着污染了的空气。 2. [VN] to send air, smoke or a particular smell out of your mouth • 呼出: »He came up close, breathing alcohol fumes all over me. 他走过来靠近我,喷得我满身酒气。 ›› SAY QUIETLY 低声说 3. (literary) to say sth quietly • 低声说: ▪ [V speech] »'I'm over here,' she breathed. "我在这儿呢。"她轻声说。 ▪ [also VN] ›› OF WINE 酒 4. [V] if you allow wine to breathe, you open the bottle and let air get in before you drink it • (打开瓶盖,让酒)通气飘香 ›› OF CLOTH / SKIN 布料；皮肤 5. [V] if cloth, leather, skin, etc. can breathe, air can move around or through it • 透气: »Cotton clothing allows your skin to breathe. 棉织品能使皮肤透气。 ›› FEELING / QUALITY 感觉；品质 6. [VN] (formal) to be full of a particular feeling or quality • 充满,散发(某种感情或品质): »Her performance breathed wit and charm. 她的表演灵巧迷人。
【IDIOMS】
◘ breathe (easily / freely) again • to feel calm again after sth unpleasant or frightening has ended • 平静下来；松一口气 ◘ breathe down sb's 'neck •(informal) to watch closely what sb is doing in a way that makes them feel anxious and / or annoyed • 紧盯着某人看；看得某人发毛(或心烦)；监视 ◘ ˌbreathe (new) 'life into sth • to improve sth by introducing new ideas and making people more interested in it • (给某事物)带来起色,注入活力 ◘ breathe your 'last •(literary) to die • 气绝(身亡)；断气 --› more ateasyadj.,live¹
【PHR V】
◘ ˌbreathe 'in • to take air into your lungs through your nose or mouth • 吸气 【SYN】inhale ◘ ˌbreathe sth∽'in • to take air, smoke, etc. into your lungs through your nose or mouth • 吸入(气体): »His illness is a result of breathing in paint fumes over many years. 他的病是多年吸入油漆气体引起的。 ◘ ˌbreathe 'out • to send air out of your lungs through your nose or mouth • 呼气 【SYN】exhale ◘ ˌbreathe sth∽'out • to send air, smoke, etc. out of your lungs through your nose or mouth • 呼出(气体): »Humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. 人吸入氧气,呼出二氧化碳。cloth∙ing / ˈkləuðiŋ; NAmE ˈklouðiŋ / ◙ noun [U] • clothes, especially a particular type of clothes • 衣服；(尤指某种)服装: »protective clothing 防护服 »the high cost of food and clothing 衣食的昂贵费用 »an item / article of clothing 一件衣服 --› note atclothes
【IDIOMS】
--› seewolfn.
rid∙dle / ˈridl / ◙ noun 1. a question that is difficult to understand, and that has a surprising answer, that you ask sb as a game • 谜；谜语: »Stop talking in riddles (= saying things that are confusing) —say what you mean. 别拐弯抹角了,有话直说。 »to solve the riddle of the Sphinx 解开斯芬克斯之谜 2. a mysterious event or situation that you cannot explain • 神秘事件；无法解释的情况 【SYN】mystery: »the riddle of how the baby died 婴儿死亡之谜 ◙ verb [VN] • [usually passive] to make a lot of holes in sb / sth • 使布满窟窿: »The car was riddled with bullets. 这辆车被子弹打得千疮百孔。
【IDIOMS】
◘ be 'riddled with sth • to be full of sth, especially sth bad or unpleasant • 充满；充斥: »His body was riddled with cancer. 癌瘤遍布他的全身。 »Her typing was slow and riddled with mistakes. 她打字很慢而且错误百出。
la∙bour (BrE) (NAmElabor) / ˈleibə(r) / ◙ noun ›› WORK 劳动 1. [U] work, especially physical work • 劳动；(尤指)体力劳动: »manual labour (= work using your hands) 体力劳动 »The price will include the labour and materials. 此价格中包含人工费和材料费。 »The company wants to keep down labour costs. 公司想保持低劳动成本。 »The workers voted to withdraw their labour (= to stop work as a means of protest). 工人投票决定罢工以示抗议。 »He was sentenced to ten years in a labour camp (= a type of prison where people have to do hard physical work). 他被判处两年劳改。 2. [C, usually pl.] (formal) a task or period of work • 任务；(一段时间的)工作: »He was so exhausted from the day's labours that he went straight to bed. 他工作了一天疲惫不堪,便直接上牀休息了。 ›› PEOPLE WHO WORK 劳动者 3. [U] the people who work or are available for work in a country or company • (统称)劳工,工人；劳动力: »a shortage of labour 劳动力的短缺 »Employers are using immigrants as cheap labour. 雇主正在把移民当作廉价劳动力使用。 »Repairs involve skilled labour, which can be expensive. 修理需要熟练技工,人工费会很昂贵。 »good labour relations (= the relationship between workers and employers) 良好的劳资关系 ›› HAVING BABY 分娩 4. [U, C, usually sing.] the period of time or the process of giving birth to a baby • 分娩期；分娩；生产: »Jane was in labour for two hours. 简分娩花了十个小时。 »She went into labour early. 她早产了。 »labour pains 分娩时的阵痛 ›› POLITICS 政治 5. Labour [sing. + sing. / pl. v.] (abbr. Lab) the British Labour Party • 英国工党: »He always votes Labour. 他老是投工党的票。 »Labour has / have been in power for nearly two years. 工党执政已将近 10 年。
【IDIOMS】
◘ a ˌlabour of 'love • a hard task that you do because you want to, not because it is necessary • 为爱好而做的困难工作◙ verb ›› STRUGGLE 奋斗 1. ~ (away) to try very hard to do sth difficult • 努力做(困难的事): ▪ [V] »He was in his study labouring away over some old papers. 他在书房里潜心研究一些旧材料。 ▪ [V to inf] »They laboured for years to clear their son's name. 他们为洗刷儿子的罪名奋力斗争了许多年。 ›› WORK HARD 努力工作 2. [V] to do hard physical work • 干苦力活: »We laboured all day in the fields. 我们在田地里辛勤劳动了一整天。 »(old-fashioned) the labouring classes (= the working class) 工人阶级 ›› MOVE WITH DIFFICULTY 吃力地行进 3. [V] to move with difficulty and effort • 困难吃力地行进 【SYN】struggle: »The horses laboured up the steep slope. 那些马费力地爬上了陡坡。 ◘ labour the 'point • to continue to repeat or explain sth that has already been said and understood • 一再重复,反复解释(已说明的事)
【PHR V】
◘ 'labour under sth (formal) • to believe sth that is not true • 为…所蒙蔽: »to labour under a misapprehension / delusion, etc. 有误解、错觉等 »He's still labouring under the impression that he's written a great book. 他仍然有这样的错觉,以为自己撰写了一部巨着。
which∙ever / witʃˈevə(r) / ◙ det. , pron. 1. used to say what feature or quality is important in deciding sth • (表示什么特征或品质在作决定时重要)…的那个,…的那些: »Choose whichever brand you prefer. 挑选你喜欢的那个品牌。 »Pensions should be increased annually in line with earnings or prices, whichever is the higher. 养老金每年应该按照收入或物价中升幅较高的那一项增长。 »Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你们谁第一个到达这里谁就获奖。 2. used to say that it does not matter which, as the result will be the same • 无论哪个；无论哪些: »It takes seven hours, whichever route you take. 无论你走哪一条路都需要三个小时。 »The situation is an awkward one, whichever way you look at it. 无论从哪一方面看,这个局面都很尴尬。 »Whichever they choose, we must accept their decision. 无论他们如何选择,我们都必须接受他们的决定。
air∙plane / ˈeəplein; NAmE ˈerp- / ◙ noun (NAmE) =plane: »They arrived in Belgium by airplane. 他们乘飞机到达比利时。 »an airplane crash / flight 飞机坠毁/飞行 »a commercial / jet / military airplane 商用/喷气/军用飞机
sig∙nal / ˈsiɡnəl / ◙ noun 1. a movement or sound that you make to give sb information, instructions, a warning, etc. • 信号；暗号 【SYN】sign: »a danger / warning / distress etc. signal 危险、警告、遇难等信号 »At an agreed signal they left the room. 收到约定的信号后,他们离开了房间。 »The siren was a signal for everyone to leave the building. 警报器一响,就是要所有人离开大楼。 »When I give the signal, run! 我一发信号,你就跑！ »(NAmE) All I get is a busy signal when I dial his number (= his phone is being used). 我什么时候拨他的电话听到的都是忙音。 »hand signals (= movements thatcyclistsand drivers make with their hands to tell other people that they are going to stop, turn, etc.) 骑车人和驾车人的示意手势 --› see alsoturn signal 2. an event, an action, a fact, etc. that shows that sth exists or is likely to happen • 标志；预示；信号 【SYN】indication: »The rise in inflation is a clear signal that the government's policies are not working. 通货膨胀率的上升清楚地表明,政府的政策不起作用。 »Chest pains can be a warning signal of heart problems. 胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的报警信号。 »Reducing prison sentences would send the wrong signals to criminals. 减刑会向犯罪分子发出错误的信息。 --› note atsign 3. a piece of equipment that uses different coloured lights to tell drivers to go slower, stop, etc., used especially on railways / railroads and roads • (尤指铁路和公路上的)指示灯,信号灯,红绿灯: »traffic signals 交通信号灯 »a stop signal 停车信号 4. a series of electrical waves that carry sounds, pictures or messages, for example to a radio or television • (传输声音、图像或其他信息的电波)信号: »TV signals 电视信号 »a high frequency signal 高频信号 »a radar signal 雷达信号 »to detect / pick up signals 探测/收到信号 »to emit a signal 发射信号 ◙ verb (-ll-,US -l-) 1. ~ (to sb) to make a movement or sound to give sb a message, an order, etc. • 发信号；发暗号；示意: ▪ [V] »Don't fire until I signal. 等我发出信号后再开枪。 »Did you signal before you turned right? 右转弯前你示意了吗？ »He signalled to the waiter for the bill. 他示意服务员结账。 ▪ [VN] »The referee signalled a foul. 裁判鸣哨示意犯规。 ▪ [V (that)] »She signalled (that) it was time to leave. 她示意该走了。 ▪ [V to inf] »He signalled to us to join him. 他示意要我们去他那儿。 ▪ [VN to inf] »She signalled him to follow. 她示意他跟她走。 ▪ [V wh-] »You must signal which way you are going to turn. 你要朝哪个方向转,必须发出信号。 2. [VN] to be a sign that sth exists or is likely to happen • 标志；表明；预示 【SYN】indicate: »This announcement signalled a clear change of policy. 这个声明显示政策有明显的改变。 »The scandal surely signals the end of his political career. 毫无疑问,这桩丑闻预示他的政治生涯就此结束。 3. to do sth to make your feelings or opinions known • 表达；表示；显示: ▪ [VN] »He signalled his discontent by refusing to vote. 他拒绝投票以示不满。 ▪ [V (that)] »She has signalled (that) she is willing to stand as a candidate. 她表示愿意作为候选人参加竞选。 ◙ adj. [only before noun] • (formal) important • 重大的；显要的: »a signal honour 极大的荣誉 ♦ sig∙nal∙ly / -nəli / adv.: »They have signally failed to keep their election promises. 他们显然没有履行自己的竞选承诺。
cap∙tain / ˈkæptin / ◙ noun 1. the person in charge of a ship or commercial aircraft • 船长；机长: »Captain Cook 库克船长 »The captain gave the order to abandon ship. 船长下令弃船。 2. an officer of fairly high rank in the navy, the army and the USair force • (海军)上校；(陆军或美国空军的)上尉: »Captain Lance Price 兰斯 · 普赖斯上尉 --› see alsogroup captain 3. the leader of a group of people, especially a sports team • 首领；领导者；(尤指运动队的)队长: »She was captain of the hockey team at school. 她过去是学校曲棍球队的队长。 4. an officer of high rank in a US police or fire department • (美国警察局的)副巡长；(美国消防署的)中队长◙ verb [VN] • to be a captain of a sports team or a ship • 担任队长(或船长)
warn∙ing / ˈwɔ:niŋ; NAme ˈwɔ:rn- / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] a statement, an event, etc. telling sb that sth bad or unpleasant may happen in the future so that they can try to avoid it • (就可能发生的意外等提出的)警告,警示；先兆: »Doctors issued a warning against eating any fish caught in the river. 医生发出警告不要吃在那条河里捕的鱼。 »to give sb fair / advance / adequate warning of sth 就某事向某人发出充分的/预先的/足够的警告 »The bridge collapsed without (any) warning. 那座桥在没有任何先兆的情况下坍塌了。 »Let me give you a word of warning. 我来提醒你一句。 »a government health warning 政府关于健康的忠告 --› see alsoearly warning 2. [C] a statement telling sb that they will be punished if they continue to behave in a particular way • (就将要遭受的处罚等提出的)警告,警戒 【SYN】caution: »to give sb a verbal / written / final warning 向某人发出口头/书面/最后警告 ♦ warn∙ing adj. [only before noun] : »She had ignored the warning signs of trouble ahead. 她没有理会前方危险的示警标志。 »Police fired a number of warning shots. 警方多次鸣枪警告。 »Warning bells began to ring (= it was a sign that sth was wrong) when her letters were returned unopened. 当她的信原封不动被退回时,不祥之感就来了。
ice∙berg / ˈaisbə:ɡ; NAme -bə:rɡ / ◙ noun • an extremely large mass of ice floating in the sea • 冰山(浮在海上的巨大冰块)
【IDIOMS】
--› seetipn.
wide∙spread / ˈwaidspred / ◙ adj. • existing or happening over a large area or among many people • 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的: »widespread damage 广泛的损坏 »The plan received widespread support throughout the country. 这项计划得到了全国的普遍支持。
re∙quire∙ment / riˈkwaiəmənt; NAme -ˈkwaiərm- / ◙ noun (formal) 1. (usually requirements) [pl.] something that you need or want • 所需的(或所要的)东西: »the basic requirements of life 基本生活所需 »a software package to meet your requirements 满足你需要的软件包 »Our immediate requirement is extra staff. 我们亟须增加人手。 »These goods are surplus to requirements (= more than we need). 这些货物超过了我们的需要。 2. something that you must have in order to do sth else • 必要条件；必备的条件: »to meet / fulfil / satisfy the requirements 符合/满足必备的条件 »What is the minimum entrance requirement for this course? 这门课程的基本入学条件是什么？
in∙spire / inˈspaiə(r) / ◙ verb 1. ~ sb (to sth) to give sb the desire, confidence or enthusiasm to do sth well • 激励；鼓舞: ▪ [VN] »The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm. 演员以热情鼓舞着孩子们。 »The actors' enthusiasm inspired the kids. 演员们的热情鼓舞着孩子们。 »His superb play inspired the team to a thrilling 5–0 win. 他的出色表现使球队士气大振,以 5:0 大获全胜。 ▪ [VN to inf] »By visiting schools, the actors hope to inspire children to put on their own productions. 演员希望通过访问学校鼓励孩子们演出自己的作品。 2. [VN] [usually passive] to give sb the idea for sth, especially sth artistic or that shows imagination • 赋予灵感；引起联想；启发思考: »The choice of decor was inspired by a trip to India. 选用这种装饰格调是从一次印度之行中得到的启发。 3. [VN] ~ sb (with sth) | ~ sth (in sb) to make sb have a particular feeling or emotion • 使产生(感觉或情感): »Her work didn't exactly inspire me with confidence. 她的工作并没有真正地使我产生信心。 »As a general, he inspired great loyalty in his troops. 作为一位将军,他得到了部队的精诚效忠。
sex / seks / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] the state of being male or female • 性别；性 【SYN】gender: »How can you tell what sex a fish is? 你怎样辨别一条鱼的雌雄？ »a process that allows couples to choose the sex of their baby 使夫妇能选择婴儿性别的措施 »Please indicate your sex and date of birth below. 请在下面写明你的性别和出生日期。 »sex discrimination (= the act of treating men and women differently in an unfair way) 性别歧视 2. [C] either of the two groups that people, animals and plants are divided into according to their function of producing young • 男性；女性；雄性；雌性: »a member of the opposite sex 另一性别的人 »single-sex schools 单一性别学校 --› see alsofair sex 3. [U] physical activity between two people in which they touch each other's sexual organs, and which may includesexual intercourse • 性行为；性交；性活动: »It is illegal to have sex with a person under the age of 16. 和 16 岁以下的未成年人发生性行为是违法的。 »gay sex 同性恋性行为 »the sex act 性行为 »a sex attack 性攻击 »a sex shop (= one selling magazines, objects, etc. that are connected with sex) 性用品商店 »sex education in schools 学校里的性教育 »These drugs may affect your sex drive (= your interest in sex and the ability to have it). 这些药物可能影响你的性欲。 --› see alsosafe sex,sexual intercourse 4. -sexed (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the amount of sexual activity or desire mentioned • 性行为…的；性欲…的: »a highly-sexed woman 性欲旺盛的女人 ◙ verb [VN] • (technical 术语) to examine an animal in order to find out whether it is male or female • 辨识…的性别
【PHR V】
◘ ˌsex sb∽'up (informal) • to make sb feel sexually excited • 引起某人的性欲；勾引；挑逗 ◘ ˌsex sth∽'up (informal) • to make sth seem more exciting and interesting • 提高某事物的魅力；使更吸引人: »The profession is trying to sex up its image. 这个行业正在设法使自身形象更加吸引人。 fe∙male / ˈfi:meil / ◙ adj. 1. being a woman or a girl • 女的；女性的: »a female student / employee / artist 女学生/雇员/艺术家 »Two of the candidates must be female. 候选人中必须有两名是女性。 2. of the sex that can lay eggs or give birth to babies • 雌的；母的: »a female cat 母猫 3. of women; typical of women; affecting women • 女性的；妇女的；女性特有的: »female characteristics 女性特征 »the female role 妇女的角色 --› comparefeminine 4. (biology 生) (of plants and flowers 植物和花) that can produce fruit • 能结果实的；雌性的；有雌蕊的 5. (technical 术语) (of electrical equipment 电气设备) having a hole that another part fits into • 阴的；内孔的；凹的: »a female plug 内孔插头 【OPP】male◙ noun 1. an animal that can lay eggs or give birth to babies; a plant that can produce fruit • 雌性动物；雌性植物；雌株 2. a woman or a girl • 女子: »More females than males are employed in the factory. 这家工厂雇用的女性比男性多。 【OPP】malena∙tion∙al∙ity / ˌnæʃəˈnæləti / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) 1. [U, C] the legal right of belonging to a particular nation • 国籍: »to take / have / hold French nationality 获得/持有/拥有法国国籍 »All applicants will be considered regardless of age, sex, religion or nationality. 所有申请者,不论其年龄、性别、宗教信仰及国籍,都可考虑。 »The college attracts students of all nationalities. 这所大学吸引着各国的学生。 »She has dual nationality (= is a citizen of two countries). 她具有双重国籍。 2. [C] a group of people with the same language, culture and history who form part of a political nation • (构成国家一部份的)民族: »Kazakhstan alone contains more than a hundred nationalities. 单是哈萨克斯坦就有一百多个民族。
na∙tive / ˈneitiv / ◙ adj. 1. [only before noun] connected with the place where you were born and lived for the first years of your life • 出生地的；儿时居住地的: »your native land / country / city 你的故乡/祖国/故里 »It is a long time since he has visited his native Chile. 他很久没有回故乡智利了。 »Her native language is Korean. 她的母语是朝鲜语。 --› see alsonative speaker 2. [only before noun] connected with the place where you have always lived or have lived for a long time • 本地的；当地的: »native Berliners 土生土长的柏林人 3. [only before noun] (sometimes offensive) connected with the people who originally lived in a country before other people, especially white people, came there • 土着的；土着人的: »native peoples 土着民族 »native art 土着艺术 4. ~ (to...) (of animals and plants 动植物) existing naturally in a place • 原产于某地的；土产的；当地的 【SYN】indigenous: »the native plants of America 美国的土生植物 »The tiger is native to India. 这种虎产于印度。 »native species 当地的物种 5. [only before noun] that you have naturally without having to learn it • 天赋的；与生俱来的 【SYN】innate: »native cunning 与生俱来的狡猾
【IDIOMS】
◘ go 'native •(often humorous) (of a person staying in another country 移居异国的人) to try to live and behave like the local people • 入乡随俗；同化◙ noun 1. a person who was born in a particular country or area • 出生于某国(或某地)的人: »a native of New York 纽约人 2. a person who lives in a particular place, especially sb who has lived there a long time • 本地人；当地人 【SYN】local: »You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives. 游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。 »She speaks Italian like a native. 她的意大利语说得和意大利人一样。 3. (old-fashioned, offensive) a word used in the past by Europeans to describe a person who lived in a place originally, before white people arrived there • (旧时欧洲人用以称呼先于白人居住在某地的人)土着: »disputes between early settlers and natives 早期移民和土着之间的纷争 4. an animal or a plant that lives or grows naturally in a particular area • 本地的动物(或植物): »The kangaroo is a native of Australia. 袋鼠是产于澳大利亚的动物。
gor∙illa / ɡəˈrilə / ◙ noun 1. a very large powerful Africanape(= an animal like a largemonkeywithout a tail) covered with black or brown hair • 大猩猩(产于非洲) 2. (informal) a large aggressive man • 高大凶恶的人
data / ˈdeitə; BrE also ˈdɑ:tə; NAmE also ˈdætə / ◙ noun (used as a plural noun in technical English, when the singular is datum 在科技英语中用作复数名词,其单数形式是 datum) 1. [U, pl.] facts or information, especially when examined and used to find out things or to make decisions • 数据；资料；材料: »This data was collected from 69 countries. 这资料是从 69 个国家收集来的。 »the analysis / interpretation of the data 数据分析/解读 »raw data (= that has not been analysed) 原始资料 »demographical / historical / personal data 人口统计资料；史料；个人资料 (technical 术语) »These data show that most cancers are detected as a result of clinical follow-up. 这些数据表明多数癌症是由临牀随访查出的。 2. [U] information that is stored by a computer • (贮存在计算机中的)数据资料: »data retrieval (= ways of storing or finding information on a computer) 数据检索
com∙pan∙ion / kəmˈpæniən / ◙ noun 1. a person or an animal that travels with you or spends a lot of time with you • 旅伴；伴侣；陪伴: »travelling companions 旅伴 »(figurative) Fear was the hostages' constant companion. 人质一直都感到恐惧不安。 2. a person who has similar tastes, interests, etc. to your own and whose company you enjoy • (爱好、志趣等相投的)伙伴,同伴: »She was a charming dinner companion. 与她同桌进餐使人感到十分高兴。 »His younger brother is not much of a companion for him. 他的弟弟和他志趣不太相投。 »They're drinking companions (= they go out drinking together). 他们是酒友。 3. a person who shares in your work, pleasures, sadness, etc. • 同甘共苦的伙伴: »We became companions in misfortune. 我们成了患难之交。 4. a person, usually a woman, employed to live with and help sb, especially sb old or ill / sick • 陪护(通常受雇照料老人或病人) 5. one of a pair of things that go together or can be used together • 成对的物品之一；一副物品中的一个: »A companion volume is soon to be published. 这卷书的姊妹篇即将问世。 6. used in book titles to describe a book giving useful facts and information on a particular subject • (用于书名)指南,手册: »A Companion to French Literature 《法国文学指南》 --› see alsoboon companionrare / reə(r); NAme rer / ◙ adj. (rarer, rar∙est) 1. ~ (for sb / sth to do sth) | ~ (to do sth) not done, seen, happening, etc. very often • 稀少的；稀罕的: »a rare disease / occurrence / sight 罕见的疾病/事件；难得一见的事物 »It's extremely rare for it to be this hot in April. 四月份就这样炎热是极其罕见的。 »It is rare to find such loyalty these days. 这样忠心耿耿,在今天非常少见。 »On the rare occasions when they met he hardly even dared speak to her. 彼此难得相见,他还几乎不敢跟她说话。 »It was a rare (= very great) honour to be made a fellow of the college. 成为这所学院的研究员是极大的荣誉。 2. existing only in small numbers and therefore valuable or interesting • 稀罕的；珍贵的: »a rare book / coin / stamp 珍贵的书/硬币/邮票 »a rare breed / plant 珍奇物种/植物 »This species is extremely rare. 这一物种极为罕见。 3. (of meat 肉) cooked for only a short time so that the inside is still red • 半熟的；半生的 --› comparewell done --› see alsoraritydis∙cour∙age / disˈkʌridʒ; NAmE -ˈkə:r- / ◙ verb 1. ~ sth | ~ sb from doing sth to try to prevent sth or to prevent sb from doing sth, especially by making it difficult to do or by showing that you do not approve of it • 阻拦；阻止；劝阻: ▪ [VN] »a campaign to discourage smoking among teenagers 劝阻青少年吸烟的运动 »I leave a light on when I'm out to discourage burglars. 我出门时开着灯以防夜盗闯入。 »His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor. 他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。 ▪ [also V -ing] 2. [VN] ~ sb (from doing sth) to make sb feel less confident or enthusiastic about doing sth • 使灰心；使泄气；使丧失信心 【SYN】dishearten: »Don't be discouraged by the first failure—try again! 这才是第一次失败,别灰心丧气——再试一次吧！ »The weather discouraged people from attending. 这天气使得人们不愿到场出席。 【OPP】encourage ♦ dis∙cour∙aged adj. [not usually before noun] 【SYN】disheartened: »Learners can feel very discouraged if an exercise is too difficult. 如果练习太难,学习者就可能感到没信心。 ♦ dis∙cour∙aging adj.: »a discouraging experience / response / result 令人泄气的经历/回答/结果 ♦ dis∙cour∙aging∙ly adv.de∙vo∙tion / diˈvəuʃn; NAmE -ˈvou- / ◙ noun ~ (to sb / sth) 1. [U, sing.] great love, care and support for sb / sth • 挚爱；关爱；关照: »His devotion to his wife and family is touching. 他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。 2. [U, sing.] the action of spending a lot of time or energy on sth • 奉献；忠诚；专心；热心 【SYN】dedication: »her devotion to duty 她对职责的忠诚 »Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time. 她全身心投入工作,几乎没有闲暇。 3. devotions [pl.] prayers and other religious practices • 宗教敬拜
PhD (also Ph.D. especially in NAmE) / ˌpi: eitʃ ˈdi: / ◙ noun • the abbreviation for 'Doctor of Philosophy' (a university degree of a very high level that is given to sb who has done research in a particular subject) • 哲学博士学位,博士学位(全写为 Doctor of Philosophy,授予完成某学科研究者的高级学位): »to be / have / do a PhD 是一位博士；有博士学位；攻读博士学位 »Anne Thomas, PhD 安妮 · 托马斯博士
mur∙der / ˈmə:də(r); NAme ˈmə:rd- / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] the crime of killing sb deliberately • 谋杀；凶杀 【SYN】homicide: »He was found guilty of murder. 经裁决,他犯有谋杀罪。 »She has been charged with the attempted murder of her husband. 她被指控意图谋杀丈夫。 »to commit (a) murder 犯谋杀罪 »a murder case / investigation / trial 凶杀案件/调查；谋杀案的审判 »The rebels were responsible for the mass murder of 400 civilians. 叛乱者对屠杀 400 名平民负有责任。 »What was the murder weapon ? 用的是什么凶器？ »The play is a murder mystery. 这出戏说的是一桩神秘的凶杀案。 --› comparemanslaughter 2. [U] (informal) used to describe sth that is difficult or unpleasant • 困难的事；讨厌的事: »It's murder trying to get to the airport at this time of day. 这个时候要赶到机场简直要命。 »It was murder (= very busy and unpleasant) in the office today. 今天办公室里忙乱得要命。
【IDIOMS】
◘ get away with 'murder •(informal, often humorous) to do whatever you want without being stopped or punished • 逍遥法外；(做了错事而)安然无事 --› more atscreamv. ◙ verb [VN] 1. to kill sb deliberately and illegally • 谋杀；凶杀: »He denies murdering his wife's lover. 他否认谋杀了妻子的情夫。 »The murdered woman was well known in the area. 被杀害的女人在这个地区很有名气。 2. to spoil sth because you do not do it very well • 糟蹋；毁坏；弄坏 【SYN】butcher: »Critics accused him of murdering the English language (= writing or speaking it very badly). 批评家指责他把英语给糟蹋了。 3. (BrE, informal) to defeat sb completely, especially in a team sport • (尤指在团队运动中)彻底打败,打垮 【SYN】thrash ◘ I could murder a... • (informal, especially BrE) used to say that you very much want to eat or drink sth • 我非常想吃(或喝): »I could murder a beer. 我很想来杯啤酒。 ◘ sb will 'murder you • (informal) used to warn sb that another person will be very angry with them • 某人会要你的命
vari∙ous / ˈveəriəs; NAme ˈver-; ˈvær- / ◙ adj. 1. several different • 各种不同的；各种各样的 【SYN】diverse: »Tents come in various shapes and sizes. 帐篷有各种各样的形状和大小。 »She took the job for various reasons. 她由于种种原因接受了这份工作。 »There are various ways of doing this. 做这一工作的方法有很多。 2. (formal) having many different features • 具有多种特征的；多姿多彩的 【SYN】diverse: »a large and various country 一个多姿多彩的大国
or∙gan∙iza∙tion (BrE also -isa∙tion) / ˌɔ:ɡənaiˈzeiʃn; NAme ˌɔ:rɡənəˈz- / ◙ noun 1. [C] a group of people who form a business, club, etc. together in order to achieve a particular aim • 组织；团体；机构: »to work for a business / political / voluntary organization 为一个商业/政治/志愿机构工作 »the World Health Organization 世界衞生组织 »He's the president of a large international organization. 他是一个大型国际组织的主席。 2. [U] the act of making arrangements or preparations for sth • 组织工作；筹备工作 【SYN】planning: »I leave most of the organization of these conferences to my assistant. 我把这些会议的大部份筹备工作留给我的助手。 3. [U] the way in which the different parts of sth are arranged • 安排；配置；分配 【SYN】structure: »The report studies the organization of labour within the company. 这个报告研究了公司内部的人力分配问题。 4. [U] the quality of being arranged in a neat, careful and logical way • 条理；系统性: »She is highly intelligent but her work lacks organization. 她聪慧绝顶,工作却缺乏条理。 ♦ or∙gan∙iza∙tion∙al, -isa∙tion∙al / -ʃənl / adj.: »organizational skills 组织技巧 »organizational change 组织上的变化 ♦ or∙gan∙iza∙tion∙al∙ly, -isa∙tion∙al∙ly adv.voy∙age / ˈvɔiidʒ / ◙ noun • a long journey, especially by sea or in space • 航行；(尤指)航海,航天: »an around-the-world voyage 环球航行 »a voyage in space 航天 »The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage (= first journey). 泰坦尼克号首航便沉没了。 »(figurative) Going to college can be a voyage of self-discovery. 上大学可以算作自我发现之行。 ◙ verb [V +adv. / prep.] • (literary) to travel, especially in a ship and over a long distance • 航行；远行；(尤指)远航
orbit / ˈɔ:bit; NAme ˈɔ:rbit / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] a curved path followed by a planet or an object as it moves around another planet, star, moon, etc. • (天体等运行的)轨道: »the earth's orbit around the sun 地球环绕太阳的轨道 »a space station in orbit round the moon 绕月球运行的一个航天站 »A new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth. 一颗新的人造衞星被送上了环绕地球的轨道。 2. [sing.] an area that a particular person, organization, etc. deals with or is able to influence • (人、组织等的)影响范围,势力范围: »to come / fall / be within sb's orbit 进入/落入/属于某人的势力范围 ◙ verb • ~ (around sth) to move in anorbit(= a curved path) around a much larger object, especially a planet, star, etc. • 沿轨道运行；围绕…运动 ▪ [VN] »The earth takes a year to orbit the sun. 地球绕太阳一周要一年的时间。 ▪ [also V] astro∙naut / ˈæstrənɔ:t / ◙ noun • a person whose job involves travelling and working in aspacecraft • 宇航员；航天员； 太空人
ˌnorth-'east ◙ noun (usually the north-east) [sing.] (abbr. NE) • the direction or region at an equal distance between north and east • 东北；东北方；东北地区 ♦ ˌnorth-'east adv., adj.de∙sire / diˈzaiə(r) / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] ~ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) a strong wish to have or do sth • 愿望；欲望；渴望: »a strong desire for power 强烈的权力欲 »enough money to satisfy all your desires 足够的钱来满足你所有的欲望 »She felt an overwhelming desire to return home. 她感到想回家的愿望难以遏制。 »(formal) I have no desire (= I do not want) to discuss the matter further. 我不想再谈此事。 »(formal) He has expressed a desire to see you. 他表示想见见你。 2. [U, C] ~ (for sb) a strong wish to have sex with sb • 情欲；肉欲；性欲: »She felt a surge of love and desire for him. 她对他骤生爱意,欲火攻心。 3. [C, usually sing.] a person or thing that is wished for • 想望的人；渴望的事物: »When she agreed to marry him he felt he had achieved his heart's desire. 当她答应嫁给他时,他感到终于得到了自己的心上人。 ◙ verb (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) 1. (formal) to want sth; to wish for sth • 渴望；期望；想望: ▪ [VN] »We all desire health and happiness. 我们都渴望健康和幸福。 »The house had everything you could desire. 这房子你要什么有什么。 »The medicine did not achieve the desired effect. 这种药未达到预期效果。 ▪ [V to inf] »Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country. 想住在这个国家北方的人就更少了。 ▪ [also VN to inf] 2. to be sexually attracted to sb • 被(某人)吸引；对(某人)产生性欲: ▪ [VN] »He still desired her. 他依然恋着她。
【IDIOMS】
◘ leave a lot, much, something, etc. to be de'sired • to be bad or unacceptable • 还有许多(或一些等)需要改进的地方
apply / əˈplai / ◙ verb (ap∙plies, ap∙ply∙ing, ap∙plied, ap∙plied) ›› FOR JOB / COURSE 求职；办手续 1. ~ (to sb / sth) (for sth) to make a formal request, usually in writing, for sth such as a job, a place at college, university, etc. • (通常以书面形式)申请,请求: ▪ [V] »to apply for a job / passport / grant 申请工作/护照/拨款 »to apply to a company / university 向公司/大学申请 »You should apply in person / by letter. 你应该当面/写信申请。 ▪ [V to inf] »He has applied to join the army. 他已报名参军。 ›› USE 用 2. [VN] ~ sth (to sth) to use sth or make sth work in a particular situation • 使用；应用: »to apply economic sanctions / political pressure 采用经济制裁；施加政治压力 »The new technology was applied to farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。 ›› PAINT / CREAM 油漆；乳剂 3. [VN] ~ sth (to sth) to put or spread sth such as paint, cream, etc. onto a surface • 涂；敷；施: »Apply the cream sparingly to your face and neck. 把乳霜薄薄地抹在脸和脖子上。 ›› BE RELEVANT 有关 4. (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) ~ (to sb / sth) to concern or relate to sb / sth • 有关；涉及: ▪ [V] »Special conditions apply if you are under 18. * 18 岁以下者按特殊情况处理。 »What I am saying applies only to some of you. 我所说的只涉及你们中的一些人。 ▪ [VN] »The word 'unexciting' could never be applied to her novels. "乏味"这个词绝对和她的小说沾不上边儿。 ›› WORK HARD 勤奋 5. [VN] ~ yourself (to sth / to doing sth) to work at sth or study sth very hard • 勤奋工作；努力学习: »You would pass your exams if you applied yourself. 努力学习就会通过考试。 »We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem. 我们绞尽脑汁寻求解决问题的办法。 ›› PRESS HARD 用力压 6. [VN] to press on sth hard with your hand, foot, etc. to make sth work or have an effect on sth • 手压；脚踩: »to apply the brakes (of a vehicle) 踩刹车 »Pressure applied to the wound will stop the bleeding. 压住伤口可以止血。
can∙di∙date / ˈkændidət; -deit / ◙ noun 1. ~ (for sth) a person who is trying to be elected or is applying for a job • (竞选或求职的)候选人,申请人: »one of the leading candidates for the presidency 总统职位的主要候选人之一 »a presidential candidate 总统候选人 »(BrE) He stood as a candidate in the local elections. 他作为候选人参加地方选举。 »There were a large number of candidates for the job. 有许多求职者申请这份工作。 2. (BrE) a person taking an exam • 投考者；应试者；参加考试的人: »a candidate for the degree of MPhil 攻读哲学硕士学位者 3. ~ (for sth) a person or group that is considered suitable for sth or that is likely to get sth or to be sth • 被认定适合者；被认定有某种结局者: »Our team is a prime candidate for relegation this year. 今年我们队最有可能降级。 »Your father is an obvious candidate for a heart attack. 你父亲显然是容易患心脏病的人。
sur∙vival / səˈvaivl; NAme sərˈv- / ◙ noun 1. [U] the state of continuing to live or exist, often despite difficulty or danger • 生存；存活；幸存: »the struggle / battle / fight for survival 为生存而斗争/战斗/拚搏 »His only chance of survival was a heart transplant. 只有进行心脏移植他才有望活下去。 »Exporting is necessary for our economic survival. 必须有出口,才能维持我们的经济。 2. [C] ~ (from sth) something that has continued to exist from an earlier time • 残存物；幸存事物 【SYN】relic: »The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times. 这种仪式是从公元前遗留下来的。
【IDIOMS】
◘ the surˌvival of the 'fittest • the principle that only the people or things that are best adapted to their surroundings will continue to exist • 适者生存rocket / ˈrɔkit; NAme ˈrɑ:kit / ◙ noun 1. [C] aspacecraftin the shape of a tube that is driven by a stream of gases let out behind it when fuel is burned inside • 火箭: »a space rocket 太空火箭 »The rocket was launched in March 1980. 这枚火箭发射于 1980 年 3 月。 »The idea took off like a rocket (= it immediately became popular). 这种思想立即风靡一时。 2. [C] amissile(= a weapon that travels through the air) that carries a bomb and is driven by a stream of burning gases • 火箭武器；火箭(弹): »a rocket attack 火箭攻击 3. [C] afireworkthat goes high into the air and then explodes with coloured lights • 焰火；烟花 4. [U] (BrE) (NAmEaru∙gula) a plant with long green leaves that have a strong flavour and are eaten raw in salads • 大蒜芥；芝麻菜；紫花南芥
【IDIOMS】
◘ to give sb a 'rocket | ◘ to get a 'rocket (BrE, informal) • to speak angrily to sb because they have done sth wrong; to be spoken to angrily for this reason • (受到)痛骂,斥责◙ verb 1. [V] to increase very quickly and suddenly • 快速增长；猛增 【SYN】shoot up: »rocketing prices 飞涨的价格 »Unemployment has rocketed up again. 失业人数再次猛增。 »The total has rocketed from 376 to 532. 总数从 376 猛增到 532。 2. [V +adv. / prep.] to move very fast • 迅速移动: »The car rocketed out of a side street. 汽车从一条小路上嗖地一下开了出来。 3. to achieve or to make sb / sth achieve a successful position very quickly • (使)迅速成功,迅速提高地位: ▪ [V] »The band rocketed to stardom with their first single. 这支乐队的第一首单曲就使他们一举成名。 ▪ [also VN] 4. [VN] to attack a place with rockets • 用火箭弹攻击
sta∙tus / ˈsteitəs; NAmE also ˈstætəs / ◙ noun [usually sing.] 1. [U, C] the legal position of a person, group or country • 法律地位(或身分): »They were granted refugee status. 他们获得了难民身分。 »The party was denied legal status. 那个党没有获得合法地位。 2. [U, C, usually sing.] the social or professional position of sb / sth in relation to others • 地位；身分；职位: »low status jobs 地位低下的工作 »to have a high social status 拥有很高的社会地位 »Women are only asking to be given equal status with men. 妇女只是要求得到和男人平等的地位。 »She achieved celebrity status overnight. 她一夜之间成为名流。 3. [U] high rank or social position • 高级职位；社会上层地位: »The job brings with it status and a high income. 担任这一职务既有显贵的地位又有丰厚的收入。 4. [U, C, usually sing.] the level of importance that is given to sth • 重视(或崇尚)程度: »the high status accorded to science in our culture 我们的文化对科学的高度崇尚 5. [U] the situation at a particular time during a process • (进展的)状况,情形: »What is the current status of our application for funds? 我们申请资金目前进展状况如何？
su∙per∙ior / su:ˈpiəriə(r); sju:-; NAme su:ˈpir- / ◙ adj. 1. ~ (to sb / sth) better in quality than sb / sth else; greater than sb / sth else • (在品质上)更好的；占优势；更胜一筹: »vastly superior 强得多 »superior intelligence 更强的智力 »This model is technically superior to its competitors. 这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。 »Liverpool were clearly the superior team. 利物浦队明显更胜一筹。 »The enemy won because of their superior numbers (= there were more of them). 敌人由于在人数上占极大优势而取胜。 【OPP】inferior 2. ~ (to sb) higher in rank, importance or position • (在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的: »my superior officer 我的上级军官 »superior status 更高的地位 »a superior court of law 上级法院 【OPP】inferior 3. (disapproving) showing by your behaviour that you think you are better than others • 有优越感的；高傲的 【SYN】arrogant: »a superior manner 神气活现的态度 »He always looks so superior. 他总是显得那么有优越感。 4. (used especially in advertisements 尤用于广告) of very good quality; better than other similar things • 质量卓越的；出类拔萃的；超群的: »superior apartments 高级公寓套房 ◙ noun 1. a person of higher rank, status or position • 级别(或地位、职位)更高的人；上级；上司: »your social superiors 社会地位比自己高的人 »He's my immediate superior (= the person directly above me). 他是我的顶头上司。 »I'm going to complain to your superiors. 我要去找你的上级投诉。 【OPP】inferior 2. used in titles for the head of a religious community • (用作宗教团体领导的头衔): »Mother Superior 修女会院长
qual∙ity / ˈkwɔləti; NAme ˈkwɑ:l- / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) 1. [U, C] the standard of sth when it is compared to other things like it; how good or bad sth is • 质量；品质: »to be of good / poor / top quality 质量好/次 / 上乘 »goods of a high quality 优质商品 »high-quality goods 优质商品 »a decline in water quality 水质的下降 »When costs are cut product quality suffers. 一降低成本,产品质量就会受到影响。 »Their quality of life improved dramatically when they moved to France. 他们移居法国以后,生活质量大大提高。 2. [U] a high standard • 上乘；优质；高标准 【SYN】excellence: »contemporary writers of quality 当代的优秀作家 »We aim to provide quality at reasonable prices. 我们的宗旨是质量上乘、价格合理。 3. [C] a thing that is part of a person's character, especially sth good • (尤指好的)人品,素质,品德: »personal qualities such as honesty and generosity 诚实、宽容等个人品质 »to have leadership qualities 具有领导素质 4. [C, U] a feature of sth, especially one that makes it different from sth else • 特征；特质；特色: »the special quality of light and shade in her paintings 她绘画中的明、暗特征 5. [C] (BrE) =quality newspaper◙ adj. 1. [only before noun] • used especially by people trying to sell goods or services to say that sth is of a high quality • 优质的；高质量的: »We specialize in quality furniture. 我们专营高档家具。 »quality service at a competitive price 质优价廉的服务 2. (BrE, slang) very good • 盖帽儿了；棒极了: »'What was the film like?' 'Quality!' "这部电影怎么样？" "棒极了！"
op∙ti∙mis∙tic / ˌɔptiˈmistik; NAme ˌɑ:p- / ◙ adj. • ~ (about sth) | ~ (that...) expecting good things to happen or sth to be successful; showing this feeling • 乐观的；抱乐观看法的 【SYN】positive: »She's not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks. 她对会谈的结果不太乐观。 »They are cautiously optimistic that the reforms will take place. 他们对是否实行改革表示审慎的乐观。 »We are now taking a more optimistic view. 我们现在抱较乐观的看法。 »in an optimistic mood 以乐观的情绪 »I think you're being a little over-optimistic. 我看你是有点过于乐观了。 【OPP】pessimistic ♦ op∙ti∙mis∙tic∙al∙ly / -kli / adv.in∙deed / inˈdi:d / ◙ adv. 1. used to emphasize a positive statement or answer • (强调肯定的陈述或答覆): »'Was he very angry?' 'Indeed he was.' "他很生气吗？" "的确很生气。" »'Do you agree?' 'Indeed I do / Yes, indeed.' "你同意吗？" "当然同意了。" »'You said you'd help?' 'I did indeed—yes.' "你说过你要帮忙？" "我的确说过——是的。" »It is indeed a remarkable achievement. 这的确是非凡的成就。 2. (especially BrE) • • used after very and an adjective or adverb to emphasize a statement, description, etc. • (用于 very 和形容词或副词之后,强调敍述、描写等)真正地: »Thank you very much indeed! 真的很感谢您！ »I was very sad indeed to hear of your father's death. 听到令尊大人去世,我感到非常难过。 3. (formal, especially BrE) used to add information to a statement • 其实；实际上: »I don't mind at all. Indeed, I would be delighted to help. 我根本不介意。其实,我倒很乐意帮上一把。 4. (informal, especially BrE) used to show that you are surprised at sth or that you find sth ridiculous • (表示惊讶或觉得某事物荒谬): »A ghost indeed! I've never heard anything so silly. 真是见鬼！我可从没听说过这样无聊的事。 5. (informal) used when you are repeating a question that sb has just asked and showing that you do not know the answer • (重复对方的问题,表示不知道答案): »'Why did he do it?' 'Why indeed?' "他为什么那样做？" "是呀,为什么呢？"