m3u2
vo∙cabu∙lary / vəˈkæbjələri; NAme -leri /
◙ noun [C, U] (pl. -ies)
1. all the words that a person knows or uses
• (某人掌握或使用的)词汇,词汇量:
 »to have a wide / limited vocabulary
  词汇量大/有限
 »your active vocabulary (= the words that you use)
  你的主动词汇
 »your passive vocabulary (= the words that you understand but don't use)
  你的被动词汇
 »Reading will increase your vocabulary.
  阅读会增加你的词汇量。
 »The word 'failure' is not in his vocabulary (= for him, failure does not exist).
  在他的词典中没有"失败"这个词。
--› see also defining vocabulary
--› note at language
2. all the words in a particular language
• (某一语言的)词汇,词汇量:
 »When did the word 'bungalow' first enter the vocabulary?
  * bungalow 一词何时进入(英语)词汇中的？
--› note at language
3. the words that people use when they are talking about a particular subject
• (某学科中所使用的)词汇:
 »The word has become part of advertising vocabulary.
  这个单词已经成了广告用语。
--› note at language
4. (also informal vocab / ˈvəukæb / ) a list of words with their meanings, especially in a book for learning a foreign language
• (尤指外语教科书中附有释义的)词汇表
now∙adays / ˈnauədeiz /
◙ adv.
• at the present time, in contrast with the past
• 现今；现在；目前:
 »Nowadays most kids prefer watching TV to reading.
  现在大多数孩子都喜欢看电视而不喜欢读书。
Cel∙tic / ˈkeltik /
◙ adj.
• connected with the Celts or their language
• 凯尔特人的；凯尔特语的:
 »Celtic history
  凯尔特人的历史
Ger∙man∙ic / dʒə:ˈmænik; NAmE dʒə:rˈm- /
◙ adj.
1. connected with or considered typical of Germany or its people
• 德国的；德国人的；有德国(或德国人)特点的:
 »She had an almost Germanic regard for order.
  她简直像德国人一样讲究条理。
2. connected with the language family that includes German, English, Dutch and Swedish among others
• 日耳曼语(族)的
the main∙land / ˈmeinlænd /
◙ noun [sing.]
• the main area of land of a country, not including any islands near to it
• 大陆；(不包括附近岛屿的)国土的主体:
 »a boat to / from the mainland
  驶往大陆的/由大陆来的船
 »The Hebrides are to the west of the Scottish mainland.
  赫布里底群岛位于苏格兰本土的西面。
♦ main∙land adj. [only before noun] :
 »mainland Greece
  希腊大陆
angle / ˈæŋɡl /
◙ noun
1. the space between two lines or surfaces that join, measured in degrees
• 角:
 »a 45° angle
  * 45° 角
--› see also acute angle , adjacent angle , corresponding angles , obtuse angle , right angle , wide-angle lens
2. the direction that sth is leaning or pointing in when it is not in a vertical or horizontal line
• 斜角；角度:
 »The tower of Pisa leans at an angle.
  比萨斜塔塔身倾斜。
 »The plane was coming in at a steep angle.
  飞机当时正俯冲降落。
 »His hair was sticking up at all angles.
  他的头发都竖了起来,乱蓬蓬的。
3. a position from which you look at sth
• 角度:
 »The photo was taken from an unusual angle.
  这张照片是从不寻常角度拍摄的。
4. a particular way of presenting or thinking about a situation, problem, etc.
• 观点；立场；角度:
 »We need a new angle for our next advertising campaign.
  我们需要从一个新的角度去展开下一次广告活动。
 »You can look at the issue from many different angles.
  你可以从很多不同的角度看这个问题。
 »The article concentrates on the human angle (= the part that concerns people's emotions) of the story.
  这篇文章集中讨论了故事中人的情感问题。
◙ verb
1. [VN] to move or place sth so that it is not straight or not directly facing sb / sth
• 斜移；斜置:
 »He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her.
  他斜移了椅子,以便坐着观察她。
2. [VN] to present information, a report, etc. based on a particular way of thinking or for a particular audience
• 以(某角度)报道；以(某观点)提供信息:
 »The programme is angled towards younger viewers.
  这个节目的对象是较年轻的观众。
3. (usually go angling)
• [V] to catch fish with a line and a hook
• 垂钓；钓鱼
【PHR V】
◘ 'angle for sth
• to try to get a particular reaction or response from sb, without directly asking for what you want
• 转弯抹角地打听；博取:
 »She was angling for sympathy.
  她有意博取同情。
Saxon / ˈsæksn /
◙ noun
• a member of a race of people once living in NW Germany, some of whom settled in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries
• 撒克逊人(早期居住在今德国西北部,后其中一部份于 5、6 世纪定居在不列颠)
--› see also Anglo-Saxon
♦ Saxon adj.:
 »Saxon churches / kings
  撒克逊教堂/国王
oc∙cupy / ˈɔkjupai; NAme ˈɑ:k- /
◙ verb (oc∙cu∙pies, oc∙cu∙py∙ing, oc∙cu∙pied, oc∙cu∙pied)
1. [VN] to fill or use a space, an area or an amount of time
• 使用,占用(空间、面积、时间等)
【SYN】 take up :
 »The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.
  牀似乎占去了大半个屋子。
 »How much memory does the program occupy?
  这个程序占用多少内存？
 »Administrative work occupies half of my time.
  行政事务占用了我一半的时间。
2. [VN] (formal) to live or work in a room, house or building
• 使用(房屋、建筑)；居住:
 »He occupies an office on the 12th floor.
  他在 12 楼有一间办公室。
3. [VN] to enter a place in a large group and take control of it, especially by military force
• 侵占；占领；占据:
 »The capital has been occupied by the rebel army.
  叛军已占领了首都。
 »Protesting students occupied the TV station.
  抗议的学生占领了电视台。
4. ~ sb / sth / yourself (in doing sth / with sb / sth) to fill your time or keep you busy doing sth
• 使忙于(做某事)；忙着(做某事):
▪ [VN]
 »a game that will occupy the kids for hours
  能让小孩一玩就是几个小时的游戏
 »She occupied herself with routine office tasks.
  她忙于办公室的日常工作。
 »Problems at work continued to occupy his mind for some time.
  工作上的问题继续在他的脑海中萦绕了一段时间。
▪ [also VN -ing]
5. [VN] to have an official job or position
• 任职；执政
【SYN】 hold :
 »The president occupies the position for five years.
  总统任期四年。
con∙sist / kənˈsist /
◙ verb
(not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时)
【PHR V】
◘ con'sist in sth (formal)
• to have sth as the main or only part or feature
• 存在于；在于:
 »The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
  这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。
▪ [+ -ing ]
 »True education does not consist in simply being taught facts.
  真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实。
◘ con'sist of sth
• to be formed from the things or people mentioned
• 由…组成(或构成):
 »The committee consists of two members.
  委员会由十人组成。
 »Their diet consisted largely of vegetables.
  他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。
▪ [+ -ing ]
 »Most of the fieldwork consisted of making tape recordings.
  现场工作多半为进行磁带录音。
mix∙ture / ˈmikstʃə(r) /
◙ noun
1. [C, usually sing.] a combination of different things
• 混合；结合体:
 »The city is a mixture of old and new buildings.
  这座城市是新老建筑兼而有之。
 »We listened to the news with a mixture of surprise and horror.
  我们怀着惊恐交加的心情收听了这则消息。
2. [C, U] a substance made by mixing other substances together
• 混合物:
 »cake mixture
  蛋糕粉
 »Add the eggs to the mixture and beat well.
  将鸡蛋加进混合料中,搅拌均匀。
--› see also cough mixture
3. [C] (technical 术语) a combination of ten or more substances that mix together without any chemical reaction taking place
• 混合物；集合体
--› compare compound n.
4. [U] the act of mixing different substances together
• 混合
aside / əˈsaid /
◙ adv.
1. to six side; out of the way
• 到旁边；在旁边:
 »She pulled the curtain aside.
  她把窗帘拉向一边。
 »Stand aside and let these people pass.
  闪开,让这些人过去。
 »He took me aside (= away from a group of people) to give me some advice.
  他把我拉到一旁,给我出主意。
 »(figurative) Leaving aside (= not considering at this stage) the cost of the scheme, let us examine its benefits.
  方案的费用暂且不理,咱们来审查方案的好处。
 »All our protests were brushed aside (= ignored).
  我们的一切抗议均被置之不理。
2. to be used later
• 留；存:
 »We set aside some money for repairs.
  我们存了一些钱作为修理费用。
3. used after nouns to say that except for six thing, sth is true
• (用于名词后)除…以外:
 »Money worries aside, things are going well.
  除了钱令人发愁外,事情进展顺利。
◙ noun
1. (in the theatre 戏剧) something which a character in a play says to the audience, but which the other characters on stage are not intended to hear
• 旁白
2. a remark, often made in a low voice, which is not intended to be heard by everyone present
• 低声说的话
3. a remark that is not directly connected with the main subject that is being discussed
• 离题话:
 »I mention it only as an aside...
  我只是顺便提及…
a'side from
◙ prep.
(especially NAmE) = apart from :
 »Aside from a few scratches, I'm OK.
  除了几处擦伤外,我安然无恙。
Vi∙king / ˈvaikiŋ /
◙ noun
• a member of a race of Scandinavian people who attacked and sometimes settled in parts of NW Europe, including Britain, in the 8th to the 11th centuries
• 维金人,维京人,北欧海盗(8–11 世纪劫掠并有时居住在西北欧部份地区包括英国的斯堪的纳维亚部落成员)
of∙fi∙cial / əˈfiʃl /
◙ adj.
1. [only before noun] connected with the job of sb who is in a position of authority
• 公务的；公职的；公事的:
 »official responsibilities
  公务
 »the Prime Minister's official residence
  首相官邸
 »He attended in his official capacity as mayor.
  他以市长的官方身分莅临。
 »This was her first official engagement.
  这是她的首桩公务。
 »He made an official visit to Tokyo in March.
  他于三月到东京进行了一次公务访问。
2. [usually before noun] agreed to, said, done, etc. by sb who is in a position of authority
• 正式的；官方的；官方授权的:
 »an official announcement / decision / statement
  官方公告/决定/声明
 »according to official statistics / figures
  根据官方统计/数字
 »An official inquiry has been launched into the cause of the accident.
  当局已对事故的原因展开调查。
 »The country's official language is Spanish.
  这个国家的官方语言为西班牙语。
 »I intend to lodge an official complaint (= to complain to sb in authority).
  我打算正式提出申诉。
 »The news is not yet official.
  这消息尚未经官方证实。
3. [only before noun] that is told to the public but may not be true
• 公开的；公布的；据传报的:
 »I only knew the official version of events.
  我对事情的了解仅限于官方的版本。
 »The official story has always been that they are just good friends.
  官方一直说他们只不过是好朋友。
4. [only before noun] formal and attended by people in authority
• 正式的；公务的；官方场合的:
 »an official function / reception
  官方集会/招待会
 »The official opening is planned for October.
  正式开幕拟在十月。
【OPP】 unofficial
◙ noun
• (often in compounds 常构成复合词) a person who is in a position of authority in a large organization
• 要员；官员；高级职员:
 »a bank / company / court / government official
  银行/公司/法院/政府要员
 »a senior official in the State Department
  国务院的高级官员
phrase / freiz /
◙ noun
1. (grammar 语法) a group of words without a finite verb, especially six that forms part of a sentence. 'the green car' and 'on Friday morning' are phrases.
• 短语；词组；片语
--› see also noun phrase
--› note at word
2. a group of words which have a particular meaning when used together
• 成语；习语；惯用法；警句:
 »a memorable phrase
  易记的警句
 »She was, in her own favourite phrase, 'a woman without a past'.
  用她自己最喜欢的字眼说,她是个"没有不清白过去的女人"。
--› see also catchphrase
3. (music 音) a short series of notes that form a unit within a longer passage in a piece of music
• 乐句；乐节
【IDIOMS】
--› see coin v., turn n.
◙ verb
1. [VN] ~ sth (as sth) to say or write sth in a particular way
• (以某种方式)表达,措辞,推敲:
 »a carefully phrased remark
  措辞谨慎的话语
 »I agree with what he says, but I'd have phrased it differently.
  我赞同他说的,但我会以不同的方式表述。
 »Her order was phrased as a suggestion.
  她的命令措辞好像是一项建议。
2. [V VN] to divide a piece of music into small groups of notes; to play or sing these in a particular way, especially in an effective way
• 划分乐句,分乐节(尤指为奏乐或歌唱)
con∙tri∙bu∙tion / ˌkɔntriˈbju:ʃn; NAmE ˌkɑ:n- /
◙ noun ~ (to sth) | ~ (toward(s) sth / doing sth)
1. [C] a sum of money that is given to a person or an organization in order to help pay for sth
• 捐款；捐资
【SYN】 donation :
 »to make a contribution to charity
  给慈善事业捐款
 »a substantial contribution
  一笔数额相当大的捐款
 »All contributions will be gratefully received.
  我们对所有捐资表示感谢。
 »valuable contributions towards the upkeep of the cathedral
  对维修大教堂很重要的捐资
2. [C] a sum of money that you pay regularly to your employer or the government in order to pay for benefits such as health insurance, a pension, etc.
• (给雇主或政府用作医疗保险、养老金等津贴的)定期缴款:
 »monthly contributions to the pension scheme
  养老金计划的每月分摊款额
3. [C, usually sing.] an action or a service that helps to cause or increase sth
• 贡献；促成作用:
 »He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.
  他对项目的成功贡献良多。
 »These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing industrial accidents.
  这些措施将会对减少工业事故起重要的作用。
 »the car's contribution to the greenhouse effect
  汽车对加剧温室效应所起的作用
4. [C] an item that forms part of a book, magazine, broadcast, discussion, etc.
• (书、杂志、广播、讨论等部份内容的)一则,一条,稿件:
 »an important contribution to the debate
  这次辩论一项重要的内容
 »All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday.
  所有要在五月这一期发表的稿件必须在星期五以前寄到。
5. [U] the act of giving sth, especially money, to help a person or an organization
• 捐赠；捐助；(尤指)捐款:
 »We rely entirely on voluntary contribution.
  我们全靠自愿捐赠。
Nor∙man / ˈnɔ:mən; NAme ˈnɔ:rm- /
◙ adj.
1. used to describe the style of architecture in Britain in the 11th and 12th centuries that developed from the Romanesque style
• 诺曼式的；诺曼式建筑风格的:
 »a Norman church / castle
  诺曼式的教堂/城堡
2. connected with the Normans (= the people from northern Europe who defeated the English in 1066 and then ruled the country)
• 诺曼人的:
 »the Norman Conquest
  诺曼征服
de∙feat / diˈfi:t /
◙ verb [VN]
1. to win against sb in a war, competition, sports game, etc.
• 击败；战胜
【SYN】 beat :
 »He defeated the champion in three sets.
  他三盘击败了冠军。
 »a defeated army
  败军
2. (formal) if sth defeats you, you cannot understand it
• 困惑；难住:
 »The instruction manual completely defeated me.
  这操作指南把我完全弄糊涂。
3. to stop sth from being successful
• 使失败；阻挠；挫败:
 »The motion was defeated by 19 votes.
  这项动议以 19 票反对被否决。
 »Staying late at the office to discuss shorter working hours rather defeats the object of the exercise !
  迟迟呆在办公室讨论缩短工作时间恰恰是在阻挠这一目标的实现！
◙ noun
1. [U, C] failure to win or to be successful
• 失败；战败；挫败:
 »The party faces defeat in the election.
  这个党面临选举失败。
 »a narrow / heavy defeat
  惜败；惨败
 »The world champion has only had two defeats in 20 fights.
  这个世界冠军在 20 场拳击赛中只败过两场。
 »They finally had to admit defeat (= stop trying to be successful).
  他们最后只得认输。
2. [C, usually sing.] the act of winning a victory over sb / sth
• 击败；战胜:
 »the defeat of fascism
  战胜法西斯主义
re∙place / riˈpleis /
◙ verb [VN]
1. to be used instead of sth / sb else; to do sth instead of sb / sth else
• 代替；取代
【SYN】 take over from :
 »The new design will eventually replace all existing models.
  新的设计最终将会取代所有现有的型号。
 »Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.
  课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
2. ~ sb / sth (with / by sb / sth) to remove sb / sth and put another person or thing in their place
• (用…)替换；(以…)接替:
 »He will be difficult to replace when he leaves.
  他离去时,他的位置很难有人接替。
 »It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.
  不吃正餐,改吃点心,这不是什么好主意。
3. to change sth that is old, damaged, etc. for a similar thing that is newer or better
• 更换；更新:
 »All the old carpets need replacing.
  所有的旧地毯都需要更换。
 »You'll be expected to replace any broken glasses.
  玻璃杯如有损坏,要负责赔偿。
4. to put sth back in the place where it was before
• 把…放回原处:
 »I replaced the cup carefully in the saucer.
  我小心翼翼地将杯子放回茶碟。
 »to replace the handset (= after using the telephone)
  放回电话听筒
en∙tire / inˈtaiə(r) /
◙ adj. [only before noun]
• (used when you are emphasizing that the whole of sth is involved 用以强调) including everything, everyone or every part
• 全部的；整个的；完全的  SYN  whole :
 »The entire village was destroyed.
  整个村庄都给毁了。
 »I wasted an entire day on it.
  我为此浪费了整整一天。
 »I have never in my entire life heard such nonsense!
  我一生中从未听到过这样的废话！
 »The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population.
  这种疾病有可能毁灭整个种群。
ser∙vant / ˈsə:vənt; NAme ˈsə:rv- /
◙ noun
1. a person who works in another person's house, and cooks, cleans, etc. for them
• 仆人；用人:
 »a domestic servant
  家仆
 »They treat their mother like a servant.
  他们像对待佣人一样对待自己的母亲。
2. a person who works for a company or an organization
• (公司或机构的)雇员,职员:
 »a public servant
  公务员
--› see also civil servant
3. a person or thing that is controlled by sth
• 奴仆般受制(或献身)于…的人；服务于…的事物:
 »He was willing to make himself a servant of his art.
  他甘愿献身于自己的艺术。
【IDIOMS】
--› see obedient
raise / reiz /
◙ verb
›› MOVE UPWARDS 提升
1. [VN] to lift or move sth to a higher level
• 提升；举起；提起:
 »She raised the gun and fired.
  她举枪射击。
 »He raised a hand in greeting.
  他扬起手表示问候。
 »She raised her eyes from her work.
  她停下工作,抬起头看了看。
【OPP】 lower
--› note at rise
2. [VN] to move sth / sb / yourself to a vertical position
• (使)直立,站立:
 »Somehow we managed to raise her to her feet.
  不管怎样,我们终于让她站了起来。
 »He raised himself up on six elbow.
  他用一只胳膊肘支起身子。
【OPP】 lower
›› INCREASE 增加
3. [VN] ~ sth (to sth) to increase the amount or level of sth
• 增加,提高(数量、水平等):
 »to raise salaries / prices / taxes
  提高薪水/价格/税金
 »They raised their offer to $500.
  他们将出价抬高到 500 元。
 »How can we raise standards in schools?
  我们怎样才能提高学校的水平？
 »Don't tell her about the job until you know for sure—we don't want to raise her hopes (= make her hope too much).
  没确定之前别告诉她工作的事——我们不想让她期望过高。
 »I've never heard him even raise his voice (= speak louder because he was angry).
  我甚至从没听到他提高过嗓门儿。
›› COLLECT MONEY / PEOPLE 筹募钱财；征集人员
4. [VN] to bring or collect money or people together; to manage to get or form sth
• 筹募；征集；召集；组建:
 »to raise a loan
  筹集贷款
 »We are raising money for charity.
  我们在进行慈善募捐。
 »He set about raising an army.
  他着手组建一支部队。
--› see also fund-raiser
›› MENTION SUBJECT 提出课题
5. [VN] to mention sth for people to discuss or sb to deal with
• 提及；提起(课题)
【SYN】 broach :
 »The book raises many important questions.
  这本书谈到了许多重要问题。
 »I'm glad you raised the subject of money.
  我很高兴你提到了钱。
›› CAUSE 引起
6. [VN] to cause or produce sth; to make sth appear
• 引起；导致；使出现:
 »to raise doubts in people's minds
  引起人们的怀疑
 »The plans for the new development have raised angry protests from local residents.
  新的开发计划惹得当地居民愤怒抗议。
 »It wasn't an easy audience but he raised a laugh with his joke.
  虽然这些观众很难逗乐,但他的笑话还是引起了一阵笑声。
 »It had been a difficult day but she managed to raise a smile.
  尽管这一天很不顺利,但她还是努力露出笑容。
 »The horses' hooves raised a cloud of dust.
  马蹄翻飞,扬起一片尘土。
--› see also curtain-raiser , fire-raiser
›› CHILD / ANIMAL 孩子；动物
7. (especially NAmE) to care for a child or young animal until it is able to take care of itself
• 抚养；养育；培养:
▪ [VN]
 »They were both raised in the South.
  他们俩都是在南方长大的。
 »kids raised on a diet of hamburgers
  吃汉堡包长大的孩子
▪ [VN-N]
 »They raised her (as) a Catholic.
  他们把她培养成为天主教徒。
 »I was born and raised a city boy.
  我是个在都市里生长的男孩子。
--› compare bring sb up (1) at bring
›› FARM ANIMALS / CROPS 牲畜；农作物
8. [VN] to breed particular farm animals; to grow particular crops
• 饲养；培育；种植:
 »to raise cattle / corn
  养牛；种植玉米
›› END STH 终止
9. [VN] to end a restriction on sb / sth
• 终止,解除(约束):
 »to raise a blockade / a ban / an embargo / a siege
  解除封锁/禁令/禁运/包围
›› ON RADIO / PHONE 无线电；电话
10. [VN] to contact sb and speak to them by radio or telephone
• (通过无线电或电话)与…取得联系,和…通话:
 »We managed to raise him on his mobile phone.
  我们打他的移动电话,总算找到了他。
›› DEAD PERSON 死人
11. [VN] ~ sb (from sth) to make sb who has died come to life again
• 使起死回生；使复活
【SYN】 resurrect :
 »Christians believe that God raised Jesus from the dead.
  基督教徒相信上帝让耶稣死而复生。
›› IN CARD GAMES 纸牌游戏
12. [VNN] to make a higher bet than another player in a card game
• 在(另一玩牌人)基础上加注:
 »I'll raise you another hundred dollars.
  我比你再加 100 元。
›› MATHEMATICS 数学
13. [VN] to multiply an amount by itself a particular number of times
• 使自乘(若干次):
 »3 raised to the power of 3 is 27 (= 3 × 3 × 3).
  * 3 的三次方等于 27。
【IDIOMS】
◘ raise a / your 'hand against / to sb
• to hit or threaten to hit sb
• 打人；威胁要打人
◘ raise your 'eyebrows (at sth)
[often passive]
• to show that you disapprove of or are surprised by sth
• 扬起眉毛(表示不赞同或惊讶):
 »Eyebrows were raised when he arrived without his wife.
  他没有和妻子一起来,大家都很惊讶。
◘ raise your 'glass (to sb)
• to hold up your glass and wish sb happiness, good luck, etc. before you drink
• 举杯祝酒
◘ raise 'hell
•(informal) to protest angrily, especially in a way that causes trouble for sb
• 愤怒抗议；(尤指)大吵大闹
◘ raise the 'roof
• to produce or make sb produce a lot of noise in a building, for example by shouting or cheering
• (在屋内)大声喧闹,闹翻天
◘ raise sb's 'spirits
• to make sb feel more cheerful or brave
• 使振奋；使鼓起勇气
【SYN】 cheer sb up
--› more at ante , hackles , sight n., temperature
【PHR V】
◘ 'raise sth to sb / sth
• to build or place a statue, etc. somewhere in honour or memory of sb / sth
• (为…)建造,树立(塑像等):
 »The town raised a memorial to those killed in the war.
  这座小镇为战争中牺牲的人树立了一座纪念碑。
◙ noun
(NAmE) = rise n. (2)
there∙fore / ˈðeəfɔ:(r); NAme ˈðerf- /
◙ adv.
• used to introduce the logical result of sth that has just been mentioned
• 因此；所以；因而:
 »He's only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.
  他只有 17 岁,因此没有投票选举的资格。
 »There is still much to discuss. We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting.
  要讨论的问题还有很多。所以,我们将在下次会议上再讨论这项议题。
mut∙ton / ˈmʌtn /
◙ noun [U]
• meat from a fully grown sheep
• 羊肉
--› compare lamb n. (2)
【IDIOMS】
◘ mutton dressed as 'lamb
• (BrE, informal, disapproving) used to describe a woman who is trying to look younger than she really is, especially by wearing clothes that are designed for young people
• 扮俏的女人；老来俏
bacon / ˈbeikən /
◙ noun [U]
• meat from the back or sides of a pig that has been cured (= preserved using salt or smoke), usually served in thin slices
• 咸猪肉；熏猪肉:
 »a rasher of bacon
  一片咸猪肉
 »bacon and eggs
  咸肉和鸡蛋
 »smoked / unsmoked bacon
  熏制/未熏制的猪肉
--› compare gammon , ham (1), pork
【IDIOMS】
--› see home adv., save v.
plural / ˈpluərəl; NAme ˈplurəl /
◙ noun
• (grammar 语法) (abbr. pl.) a form of a noun or verb that refers to more than one person or thing
• (名词或动词的)复数,复数形式:
 »The plural of 'child' is 'children'.
  * child 一词的复数形式是 children。
 »The verb should be in the plural.
  这个动词应该用复数形式。
--› compare singular n.
◙ adj.
1. (grammar 语法) (abbr. pl.) connected with or having the plural form
• 复数的；复数形式的:
 »Most plural nouns in English end in 's'.
  英语中多数复数名词以 s 结尾。
2. relating to more than one
• 多样的；多元的:
 »a plural society (= one with more than one racial , religious, etc. group)
  多元社会
ˌhigh-'class
◙ adj.
1. excellent; of good quality
• 极好的；高级的:
 »a high-class restaurant
  一家高级餐厅
 »to stay in high-class accommodation
  住在上好的住所
2. connected with a high social class
• 上流社会的:
 »to come from a high-class background
  出身于上层社会
【OPP】 low-class
ˌmother 'tongue
◙ noun
• the language that you first learn to speak when you are a child
• 母语；本国语
【SYN】 first language
Latin / ˈlætin; NAme ˈlætn /
◙ noun
1. [U] the language of ancient Rome and the official language of its empire
• 拉丁语
2. [C] a person from countries where languages that have developed from Latin, such as Spanish, Portuguese, Italian or French, are spoken
• 拉丁人(来自拉丁语系国家如西班牙、葡萄牙、意大利或法国)
3. [U] music of a kind that came originally from Latin America, typically with strong dance rhythms
• 拉丁音乐(源自拉丁美洲,节奏感强,适于跳舞)
◙ adj.
1. of or in the Latin language
• 拉丁语的；用拉丁语写成的:
 »Latin poetry
  拉丁语诗歌
2. connected with or typical of the countries or peoples using languages developed from Latin, such as Spanish, Portuguese, Italian or French
• 拉丁语系国家(或民族)的(如西班牙、葡萄牙、意大利或法国)；拉丁人的:
 »a Latin temperament
  拉丁人的气质
Greek / ɡri:k /
◙ noun
1. [C] a person from modern or ancient Greece
• 希腊人；古希腊人
2. [U] the language of modern or ancient Greece
• 希腊语
3. [C] (NAmE) a member of a fraternity or a sorority at a college or university
• (大学的)学生联谊会会员,女生联谊会会员
【IDIOMS】
◘ it's all 'Greek to me
•(informal, saying) I cannot understand it
• 我全然不懂；我一窍不通:
 »She tried to explain how the system works, but it's all Greek to me.
  她努力解释系统如何运作,可我就是怎么也弄不明白。
pro∙cess¹ / ˈprəuses; NAme ˈprɑ:ses; ˈprou- /
--› see also process ²
◙ noun
1. a series of things that are done in order to achieve a particular result
• (为达到某一目标的)过程；进程:
 »a consultation process
  磋商过程
 »to begin the difficult process of reforming the education system
  开始进行教育制度改革的艰难历程
 »I'm afraid getting things changed will be a slow process.
  做任何改革恐怕都会是个缓慢的过程。
 »mental processes
  思维过程
 »Coming off the drug was a long and painful (= difficult) process for him.
  戒毒对他是个漫长、痛苦的过程。
 »Find which food you are allergic to by a process of elimination.
  用淘汰法找出你对哪种食物过敏。
 »We're in the process of selling our house.
  我们正在出售自家的住宅。
 »I was moving some furniture and I twisted my ankle in the process (= while I was doing it).
  我在挪动家具时崴了脚。
--› see also peace process
2. a series of things that happen, especially ones that result in natural changes
• (事物发展,尤指自然变化的)过程,步骤,流程:
 »the ageing process
  老化过程
 »It's a normal part of the learning process.
  那是学习过程中的正常现象。
3. a method of doing or making sth, especially six that is used in industry
• 做事方法；工艺流程；工序:
 »manufacturing processes
  制造方法
◙ verb [VN]
1. to treat raw material, food, etc. in order to change it, preserve it, etc.
• 加工；处理:
 »Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.
  我们买的大部份食品都用某种方法加工过。
 »processed cheese
  加工好的干酪
 »I sent seven rolls of film away to be processed.
  我送了三个胶卷去冲印。
 »a sewage processing plant
  污水处理厂
2. to deal officially with a document, request, etc.
• 审阅,审核,处理(文件、请求等):
 »It will take a week for your application to be processed.
  审核你的申请需要一周时间。
3. (computing 计) to perform a series of operations on data in a computer
• 数据处理
♦ pro∙cess∙ing noun [U] :
 »the food processing industry
  食品加工业
--› see also data processing , word processing
◙ pro∙cess² / prəˈses / verb
• [V +adv. / prep.] (formal) to walk or move along slowly in, or as if in, a procession
• 列队行进；缓缓前进
--› see also process ¹
dis∙tinc∙tion / diˈstiŋkʃn /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (between A and B) a clear difference or contrast especially between people or things that are similar or related
• 差别；区别；对比:
 »distinctions between traditional and modern societies
  传统社会和现代社会的差别
 »Philosophers did not use to make a distinction between arts and science.
  哲学家过去习惯不把艺术和科学区别开来。
 »We need to draw a distinction between the two events.
  我们得把两起事件区别开来。
2. [U] the quality of being excellent or important
• 优秀；杰出；卓越:
 »a writer of distinction
  优秀作家
3. [sing.] the quality of being sth that is special
• 特质；特点；不同凡响:
 »She had the distinction of being the first woman to fly the Atlantic.
  她不同凡响,是第一个飞越大西洋的女子。
4. [U] the separation of people or things into different groups
• 区分；分清；辨别:
 »The new law makes no distinction between adults and children (= treats them equally).
  这项新法规对成人和孩子同样适用。
 »All groups are entitled to this money without distinction.
  所有团体一律有权得到这笔款项。
5. [C, U] a special mark / grade or award that is given to sb, especially a student, for excellent work
• (尤指给学生的)优等评分,荣誉,奖赏:
 »Naomi got a distinction in maths.
  内奥米的数学得了优等。
 »He graduated with distinction.
  他以优异成绩毕业。
spell∙ing / ˈspeliŋ /
◙ noun
1. [U] the act of forming words correctly from individual letters; the ability to do this
• 拼写；拼写能力:
 »a spelling mistake
  拼写错误
 »the differences between British and American spelling
  英国英语和美国英语在拼写方面的区别
 »My spelling is terrible.
  我的拼写很糟糕。
2. [C] the way that a particular word is written
• 拼法:
 »a list of difficult spellings
  难拼单词表
ac∙cent
◙ noun / ˈæksent; -sənt /
1. əɔ, u] a way of pronouncing the words of a language that shows which country, area or social class a person comes from
• 口音；腔调；土音:
 »a northern / Dublin / Indian / Scottish accent
  北方/都柏林/印度/苏格兰口音
 »a strong / broad accent (= six that is very noticeable)
  浓重的口音
 »She spoke English with an accent.
  她说英语带有口音。
--› compare dialect
2. [sing.] a special importance that is given to sth
• 着重点；强调
【SYN】 emphasis :
 »In all our products the accent is on quality.
  我们的全部产品都是强调质量。
3. [C] the emphasis that you should give to part of a word when saying it
• 重音
【SYN】 stress :
 »In 'today' the accent is on the second syllable.
  * today 一词的重音在第二音节。
4. [C] a mark on a letter to show that it should be pronounced in a particular way
• 读音符号(标在字母上):
 »Canapé has an accent on the 'e'.
  * canapé 在 e 上面有尖音符号。
◙ verb / ækˈsent /
• əʒŋ] to emphasize a part of sth
• 着重；强调；突出
con∙cern / kənˈsə:n; NAmE -ˈsə:rn /
◙ verb
›› AFFECT / INVOLVE 影响；涉及
1. [VN] [often passive] to affect sb; to involve sb
• 影响,涉及,牵涉(某人):
 »Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you.
  不要管与自己无关的事。
 »The loss was a tragedy for all concerned (= all those affected by it).
  这损失对有关各方来说都是极大的不幸。
 »Where our children's education is concerned, no compromise is acceptable.
  在事关我们的孩子的教育问题上,那是毫无妥协余地的。
 »The individuals concerned have some explaining to do.
  事情涉及到的每个人都要作出一些解释。
 »To whom it may concern... (= used for example, at the beginning of a public notice or of a job reference about sb's character and ability)
  敬启者(如用于公告或求职推荐信的开头)
 »Everyone who was directly concerned in (= had some responsibility for) the incident has now resigned.
  所有与该事件有直接牵连的人现在均已辞职。
›› BE ABOUT 关于
2. [VN] (also be concerned with sth) to be about sth
• 与…有关；涉及:
 »The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina.
  这故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。
 »The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War.
  这部书主要讲的是冷战时期的苏美关系。
 »This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.
  本章旨在讲述历史背景。
 »One major difference between these computers concerns the way in which they store information.
  这些计算机彼此之间的一个主要差异涉及其贮存信息的方式。
›› WORRY SB 使某人担心
3. to worry sb
• 让(某人)担忧:
▪ [VN]
 »What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.
  让我担心的是我们对事态的变化缺乏准备。
▪ [VN that]
 »It concerns me that you no longer seem to care.
  你似乎不再在乎,这令我担忧。
--› see also concerned
›› TAKE AN INTEREST 感兴趣
4. [VN] ~ yourself with / about sth to take an interest in sth
• (对…)感兴趣:
 »He didn't concern himself with the details.
  他对细节不感兴趣。
›› CONSIDER IMPORTANT 认为重要
5. [VN to inf] be concerned to do sth (formal) to think it is important to do sth
• 认为(做某事)重要:
 »She was concerned to write about situations that everybody could identify with.
  她认为有必要写出让大家都能看得清楚的事态的本来面目。
【IDIOMS】
--› see far adv.
◙ noun
›› WORRY 担忧
1. [U, C] ~ (about / for / over sth / sb) | ~ (that...) a feeling of worry, especially six that is shared by many people
• (尤指许多人共同的)担心,忧虑:
 »There is growing concern about violence on television.
  人们对电视上充斥暴力内容的忧虑日益加重。
 »She hasn't been seen for five days and there is concern for her safety.
  她已四天不见踪影,大家对她的安全很担心。
 »The report expressed concern over continuing high unemployment.
  报告表达了对失业率居高不下的忧虑。
 »There is widespread concern that new houses will be built on protected land.
  人们普遍对在保护区修建新的房屋感到忧虑。
 »Stress at work is a matter of concern to staff and management.
  工作压力是一件让员工和管理人员都关切的事。
 »The President's health was giving serious cause for concern.
  总统的健康正引起公众的严重关切。
 »In the meeting, voters raised concerns about health care.
  选民在会上提出了对衞生保健状况的担忧。
--› compare unconcern
›› DESIRE TO PROTECT 保护的愿望
2. [U] a desire to protect and help sb / sth
• 关爱；关心:
 »parents' concern for their children
  父母对子女的关爱
›› STH IMPORTANT 重要的事
3. [C] something that is important to a person, an organization, etc.
• (对人、组织等)重要的事情:
 »What are your main concerns as a writer?
  作为一名作家,你主要关注的是哪些问题？
 »The government's primary concern is to reduce crime.
  政府的头等大事是减少犯罪。
›› RESPONSIBILITY 责任
4. [C, usually sing.] (formal) something that is your responsibility or that you have a right to know about
• (某人)负责的事,有权知道的事:
 »This matter is their concern.
  这件事由他们负责。
 »How much money I make is none of your concern.
  我赚多少钱没有必要告诉你。
›› COMPANY 公司
5. [C] a company or business
• 公司；商行；企业
【SYN】 firm :
 »a major publishing concern
  一家大出版公司 see going adj.
ban / bæn /
◙ verb (-nn-) [VN]
1. to decide or say officially that sth is not allowed
• 明令禁止；取缔
【SYN】 prohibit :
 »Chemical weapons are banned internationally.
  国际上禁止使用化学武器。
2. [usually passive] ~ sb from sth / from doing sth to order sb not to do sth, go somewhere, etc., especially officially
• 禁止(某人)做某事(或去某处等):
 »He was banned from the meeting.
  他被取消了出席会议的资格。
 »She's been banned from leaving Greece while the allegations are investigated.
  当局对指控进行调查期间,禁止她离开希腊。
 »(BrE) He was banned from driving for six months.
  他被禁止驾驶六个月。
◙ noun
• ~ (on sth) an official rule that says that sth is not allowed
• 禁令:
 »There is to be a total ban on smoking in the office.
  办公室将彻底禁止吸烟。
 »to impose / lift a ban
  颁布/解除禁令
pure / pjuə(r); NAme pjur /
◙ adj.
(purer / ˈpjuərə(r); NAme ˈpjur- / , purest / ˈpjuərist; NAme ˈpjur- / )
›› ŋOð MɪXəD 纯的
1. əusually before noun] not mixed with anything else; with nothing added
• 纯的；纯净的；纯粹的:
 »pure gold / silk, etc.
  纯金、真丝等
 »These shirts are 100% pure cotton.
  这些衬衫是 100% 的纯棉。
 »Classical dance in its purest form requires symmetry and balance.
  真正的古典舞蹈要求对称与平衡。
 »One movie is classified as pure art, the other as entertainment.
  一部电影被列为纯艺术片,另一部被列为娱乐片。
›› CLEAN 洁净
2. clean and not containing any harmful substances
• 干净的；不含有害物质的:
 »a bottle of pure water
  一瓶纯净水
 »The air was sweet and pure.
  空气清新而纯净。
【OPP】 impure
›› COMPLETE 完全
3. [only before noun] complete and total
• 完全的；纯粹的:
 »They met by pure chance.
  他们相遇纯属偶然。
 »She laughed with pure joy.
  她由衷地笑起来。
›› MORALLY GOOD 纯良
4. without evil thoughts or actions, especially sexual ones; morally good
• 纯真的；无邪的；贞洁的；正派的:
 »to lead a pure life
  过纯洁的生活
 »His motives were pure.
  他动机纯正。
 »(literary) to be pure in body and mind
  身心纯洁
【OPP】 impure
›› COLOUR / SOUND / LIGHT 色；声；光
5. very clear; perfect
• 清晰的；纯正的:
 »beaches of pure white sand
  洁白的沙滩
 »a pure voice
  纯净的嗓音
›› SUBJECT YOU STUDY 学科
6. [only before noun] concerned with increasing knowledge of the subject rather than with using knowledge in practical ways
• 纯理论的；非应用的:
 »pure mathematics
  纯粹数学
 »technology as opposed to pure science subjects
  相对于纯理论学科的技术
--› compare applied
›› BREED / RACE 品种；种族
7. not mixed with any other breed or race, etc.
• 血统纯的；纯种的:
 »These cattle are one of the purest breeds in Britain.
  这些牛是英国最纯的品种之一。
--› see also pure-bred
--› see also purify , purity
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌpure and 'simple
• used after the noun that it refers to in order to emphasize that there is nothing but the thing you have just mentioned involved in sth
• (用于名词后表示强调)纯粹,全然:
 »It's laziness, pure and simple.
  这全然是懒惰。
unique / juˈni:k /
◙ adj.
1. being the only one of its kind
• 唯一的；独一无二的:
 »Everyone's fingerprints are unique.
  每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。
【HELP】You can use absolutely, totally or almost with unique in this meaning.
• 作此义时可用 absolutely、totally 或 almost 修饰 unique。
2. very special or unusual
• 独特的；罕见的:
 »a unique talent
  奇才
 »The preview offers a unique opportunity to see the show without the crowds.
  预展提供了看展览但不捱挤的难得机会。
 »The deal will put the company in a unique position to export goods to Eastern Europe.
  这项协议给予这家公司向东欧输出商品的特殊地位。
【HELP】You can use more, very, etc. with unique in this meaning.
• 作此义时可用 more、very 等修饰 unique。
3. ~ (to sb / sth) belonging to or connected with one particular person, place or thing
• (某人、地或事物)独具的,特有的:
 »an atmosphere that is unique to New York
  纽约所独具的气氛
 »The koala is unique to Australia.
  树袋熊是澳大利亚独有的。
♦ unique∙ly adv.:
 »Her past experience made her uniquely suited to lead the campaign.
  她以往的经历使她格外适合领导这场运动。
 »The UK, uniquely, has not had to face the problem of mass unemployment.
  唯有英国无须面对大量失业的问题。
 »He was a uniquely gifted teacher.
  他是个天赋异禀的天才教师。
♦ unique∙ness noun [U] :
 »The author stresses the uniqueness of the individual.
  这位作者强调个人的独特性。
ac∙cess / ˈækses /
◙ noun [U]
1. ~ (to sth) a way of entering or reaching a place
• 通道；通路；入径:
 »The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.
  去那农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。
 »Disabled visitors are welcome; there is good wheelchair access to most facilities.
  欢迎残疾人士参观,坐轮椅可以方便地到达多数设施。
 »The police gained access through a broken window.
  警察从一扇破窗户里钻了进去。
--› compare egress
2. ~ (to sth) the opportunity or right to use sth or to see sb / sth
• (使用或见到的)机会,权利:
 »Students must have access to good resources.
  学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。
 »You need a password to get access to the computer system.
  使用这个计算机系统需要口令。
 »access to confidential information
  接触机密情报的机会
 »Journalists were denied access to the President.
  记者被挡住,无法见到总统。
 »Many divorced fathers only have access to their children at weekends (= they are allowed by law to see them only at weekends).
  很多离婚父亲只有在周末才有权见到自己的孩子。
--› compare visitation
◙ verb [VN]
1. (computing 计) to open a computer file in order to get or add information
• 存取(计算机文件)
2. (formal) to reach, enter or use sth
• 到达；进入；使用:
 »The loft can be accessed by a ladder.
  搭梯子可以上阁楼。
char∙ac∙ter / ˈkærəktə(r) /
◙ noun
›› QUALITIES / FEATURES 品质；特点
1. [C, usually sing.] all the qualities and features that make a person, groups of people, and places different from others
• (人、集体的)品质,性格；(地方的)特点,特性:
 »to have a strong / weak character
  个性强/不强
 »character traits / defects
  性格特点/弱点
 »The book gives a fascinating insight into Mrs Blair's character.
  这部书对布莱尔夫人的性格作了生动的剖析。
 »Generosity is part of the American character.
  慷慨是美国人性格的一部份。
 »The character of the neighbourhood hasn't changed at all.
  这片住宅区的风貌依旧。
2. [C, usually sing., U] the way that sth is, or a particular quality or feature that a thing, an event or a place has
• (事物、事件或地方的)特点,特征,特色
【SYN】 nature :
 »the delicate character of the light in the evening
  夜间灯火所具有的那种柔和的特点
 »buildings that are very simple in character
  造型很简洁的建筑物
3. [U] (approving) strong personal qualities such as the ability to deal with difficult or dangerous situations
• 勇气；毅力:
 »Everyone admires her strength of character and determination.
  每一个人都钦佩她坚强的性格和决心。
 »He showed great character returning to the sport after his accident.
  他在出了事故后仍能重返体坛表现出他顽强的毅力。
 »Adventure camps are considered to be character-building (= meant to improve sb's strong qualities).
  冒险野营生活被认为能磨练意志。
4. [U] (usually approving) the interesting or unusual quality that a place or a person has
• (地方或人的)与众不同之处,特色:
 »The modern hotels here have no real character.
  此处的现代化旅馆其实毫无特色。
 »a face with a lot of character
  与众不同的面孔
›› STRANGE / INTERESTING PERSON 古怪的/有趣的人
5. [C] (informal) (used with an adjective 与形容词连用) a person, particularly an unpleasant or strange one
• (令人讨厌的或古怪的)人:
 »There were some really strange characters hanging around the bar.
  有些不三不四的人在酒吧周围游荡。
6. [C] (informal) an interesting or unusual person
• (有趣的或不同寻常的)人:
 »She's a character!
  她真是个有趣的人！
›› REPUTATION 名誉
7. [C, U] (formal) the opinion that people have of you, particularly of whether you can be trusted or relied on
• 名誉；声望；名气:
 »She was a victim of character assassination (= an unfair attack on the good opinion people had of her).
  她是诽谤行为的受害者。
 »a slur / attack on his character
  对他名誉的诋譭/攻击
 »My teacher agreed to be a character witness for me in court.
  我的老师同意出庭做我的品德信誉见证人。
 »a character reference (= a letter that a person who knows you well writes to an employer to tell them about your good qualities)
  品德证明书
›› IN BOOK / PLAY / MOVIE 书；戏剧；电影
8. [C] a person or an animal in a book, play or film / movie
• (书籍、戏剧或电影中的)人物,角色:
 »a major / minor character in the book
  书中的主要/次要人物
 »cartoon characters
  动画片中的角色
›› SYMBOL / LETTER 符号；字母
9. [C] a letter, sign, mark or symbol used in writing, printing or on computers
• (书写、印刷或计算机上的)文字,字母,符号:
 »Chinese characters
  汉字
 »a line 30 characters long
  长达 30 字符的一行
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌin 'character | ◘ ˌout of 'character
• typical / not typical of a person's character
• 符合(或不符合)某人的性格:
 »Her behaviour last night was completely out of character.
  她昨晚的举止与她的性格截然不符。
◘ ˌin 'character (with sth)
• in the same style as sth
• (与…)风格相同:
 »The new wing of the museum was not really in character with the rest of the building.
  博物馆新建的侧翼楼与大楼其他部份的风格有些不一样。
bark / bɑ:k; NAmE bɑ:rk /
◙ noun [U, C]
1. the outer covering of a tree
• 树皮
2. the short loud sound made by dogs and some other animals
• (狗等的)吠声,嗥叫声
3. a short loud sound made by a gun or a voice
• 枪声；短促响亮的人声:
 »a bark of laughter
  一声大笑
【IDIOMS】
◘ sb's bark is worse than their bite
• (informal) used to say that sb is not really as angry or as aggressive as they sound
• 嘴硬心软；说话强硬,其实并不伤人；貌似凶狠
◙ verb
1. [V] ~ (at sb / sth) when a dog barks, it makes a short loud sound
• (狗)吠叫:
 »The dog suddenly started barking at us.
  那条狗突然开始对我们汪汪叫。
2. ~ (out) sth to give orders, ask questions, etc. in a loud, unfriendly way
• 厉声发令；厉声质问:
▪ [VN]
 »She barked out an order.
  她厉声宣布命令。
 »He barked questions at her.
  他厉声质问她。
▪ [also V speech]
3. (especially BrE) to rub the skin off your knee, etc. by falling or by knocking against sth
• 擦破(或蹭掉)…的皮
【SYN】 graze
◘ be barking up the wrong 'tree
•(informal) to have the wrong idea about how to get or achieve sth
• 把方法搞错(或想偏)；走错路线:
 »You're barking up the wrong tree if you're expecting us to lend you any money.
  你要是指望我们借钱给你,你是走错庙门了。
--› more at dog n.
ra∙cial / ˈreiʃl /
◙ adj.
1. [only before noun] happening or existing between people of different races
• 种族的；种族间的:
 »racial hatred / prejudice / tension / violence
  种族仇恨/偏见；种族间的紧张状况/暴力
 »racial equality
  种族平等
 »They have pledged to end racial discrimination in areas such as employment.
  他们已经保证在诸如就业等方面停止种族歧视。
2. [usually before noun] connected with a person's race
• 人种的；种族的:
 »racial minorities
  少数民族
 »a person's racial origin
  某人的种族背景
♦ ra∙cial∙ly / -ʃəli / adv.:
 »The attacks were not racially motivated.
  袭击事件不是由种族原因引起的。
 »racially mixed schools
  不分种族的学校
gen∙tle / ˈdʒentl /
◙ adj. (gent∙ler / ˈdʒentlə(r) / gent∙lest / ˈdʒentlist / )
1. calm and kind; doing things in a quiet and careful way
• 文静的；慈祥的；温柔的；小心的:
 »a quiet and gentle man
  温文尔雅的男士
 »a gentle voice / laugh / touch
  温柔的声音/笑声/触摸
 »She was the gentlest of nurses.
  她是个极其和蔼的护士。
 »He lived in a gentler age than ours.
  他生活的时代比我们这个时代更平静祥和。
 »Be gentle with her!
  待她温柔些！
 »She agreed to come, after a little gentle persuasion.
  经过一阵细心劝说,她表示愿意来。
 »He looks scary but he's really a gentle giant.
  他看上去可怕,实际却是个性格温和的巨人。
2. (of weather, temperature, etc. 天气、温度等) not strong or extreme
• 温和的；徐缓的:
 »a gentle breeze
  和风
 »the gentle swell of the sea
  缓慢起伏的海浪
 »Cook over a gentle heat.
  要用文火煮。
3. having only a small effect; not strong or violent
• 平和的；柔和的:
 »We went for a gentle stroll.
  我们遛达去了。
 »a little gentle exercise
  少量温和的运动
 »This soap is very gentle on the hands.
  这肥皂擦在手上非常柔和。
4. not steep or sharp
• 平缓的:
 »a gentle slope / curve / angle
  平缓的斜坡/弯道/角度
--› see also gently
♦ gentle∙ness / ˈdʒentlnəs / noun [U]
em∙bar∙rass / imˈbærəs /
◙ verb [VN]
1. to make sb feel shy, awkward or ashamed, especially in a social situation
• (尤指在社交场合)使窘迫,使尴尬:
▪ [VN]
 »Her questions about my private life embarrassed me.
  她询问我的私生活使我感到很尴尬。
 »I didn't want to embarrass him by kissing him in front of his friends.
  我并没想当着他的朋友吻他而使他感到难堪。
▪ [VN to inf]
 »It embarrassed her to meet strange men in the corridor at night.
  夜里在走廊上遇见陌生男人使她感到很不好意思。
2. to cause problems or difficulties for sb
• 使困惑；使为难；使陷入困境:
 »The speech was deliberately designed to embarrass the prime minister.
  这个发言是故意为难首相。
back∙wards / ˈbækwədz; NAmE -wərdz / (also back∙ward especially in NAmE)
◙ adv.
1. towards a place or position that is behind
• 向后:
 »I lost my balance and fell backwards.
  我没有站稳,仰面摔倒。
 »He took a step backwards.
  他退后一步。
【OPP】 forward
2. in the opposite direction to the usual one
• 朝反方向；倒着:
 »'Ambulance' is written backwards so you can read it in the mirror.
  * ambulance 是倒着写的,以便在镜中认读。
 »In the movie they take a journey backwards through time.
  影片中的人作逆时光旅行。
3. towards a worse state
• 每况愈下地:
 »I felt that going to live with my parents would be a step backwards.
  我觉得回去和我父母一同生活会更糟。
【OPP】 forward
4. (NAmE) = back to front at back n.
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌbackward(s) and 'forward(s)
• from six place or position to another and back again many times
• 来来回回:
 »She rocked backwards and forwards on her chair.
  她坐在摇椅上前后摇晃着。
◘ bend / lean over 'backwards (to do sth)
• to make a great effort, especially in order to be helpful or fair
• 尽力；竭力:
 »I've bent over backwards to help him.
  我已尽最大努力帮助他。
--› more at know v.
con∙clu∙sion / kənˈklu:ʒn /
◙ noun
1. [C] something that you decide when you have thought about all the information connected with the situation
• 结论；推论:
 »I've come to the conclusion that he's not the right person for the job.
  我断定他不适合做这项工作。
 »It took the jury some time to reach the conclusion that she was guilty.
  陪审团花了很长时间才得出结论认为她有罪。
 »New evidence might lead to the conclusion that we are wrong.
  根据新的证据可能会推断出我们是错的。
 »We can safely draw some conclusions from our discussion.
  从讨论中我们可以有把握地得出一些结论。
2. [C, usually sing.] the end of sth such as a speech or a piece of writing
• 结束；结果；结尾；结局:
 »The conclusion of the book was disappointing.
  这部书的结尾令人失望。
 »In conclusion, (= finally) I would like to thank...
  最后,我想感谢…
 »If we took this argument to its logical conclusion...
  假如我们把这个论点归结到合乎其逻辑的结论…
3. [U] the formal and final arrangement of sth official
• 签订；达成；缔结
【SYN】 completion :
 »the successful conclusion of a trade treaty
  贸易条约的成功签署
【IDIOMS】
◘ jump / leap to con'clusions | ◘ jump / leap to the con'clusion that...
• to make a decision about sb / sth too quickly, before you know or have thought about all the facts
• 匆忙下结论；贸然断定:
 »There I go again—jumping to conclusions.
  我又犯老毛病了——冒冒失失地就去下结论。
--› more at foregone
cus∙tom / ˈkʌstəm /
◙ noun --› see also customs
1. [C, U] ~ (of doing sth) an accepted way of behaving or of doing things in a society or a community
• 风俗；习俗:
 »an old / ancient custom
  旧的/古老的习俗
 »the custom of giving presents at Christmas
  在圣诞节赠送礼品的习俗
 »It's a local custom.
  这是当地的风俗习惯。
 »It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.
  女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。
2. [sing.] (formal or literary) the way a person always behaves
• (个人的)习惯,习性,惯常行为
【SYN】 habit , practice :
 »It was her custom to rise early.
  早起是她的习惯。
 »As was his custom, he knocked three times.
  他敲了三下,这是他的习惯。
3. [U] (BrE, formal) (also business NAmE, BrE) the fact of a person or people buying goods or services at a shop / store or business
• (顾客对商店的)惠顾,光顾:
 »Thank you for your custom. Please call again.
  谢谢您的惠顾,请下次再来。
 »We've lost a lot of custom since prices went up.
  自从价格上涨以来我们失去了很多主顾。
◙ adj.
[only before noun] (especially NAmE) = custom-built , custom-made :
 »a custom motorcycle
  订制的摩托车
inter∙rupt / ˌintəˈrʌpt /
◙ verb
1. ~ (sb / sth) (with sth) to say or do sth that makes sb stop what they are saying or doing
• 插嘴；打扰；打岔:
▪ [V]
 »Sorry to interrupt, but there's someone to see you.
  对不起打扰一下,有人要见你。
 »Would you mind not interrupting all the time?
  请你别老是插嘴好吗？
▪ [VN]
 »I hope I'm not interrupting you.
  我希望我没有打搅你。
 »They were interrupted by a knock at the door.
  他们被敲门声打断了。
▪ [also V speech , VN speech]
2. [VN] to stop sth for a short time
• 使暂停；使中断:
 »The game was interrupted several times by rain.
  比赛因下雨中断了几次。
 »We interrupt this programme to bring you an important news bulletin.
  我们暂停本节目,插播重要新闻。
3. [VN] to stop a line, surface, view, etc. from being even or continuous
• 阻断,遮挡(连续线条、平面、景色等)
mis∙taken / miˈsteikən /
◙ adj.
1. [not usually before noun] ~ (about sb / sth) wrong in your opinion or judgement
• 错误；不正确:
 »You are completely mistaken about Jane.
  你对简的看法完全错了。
 »Unless I'm very much mistaken, that's Paul's wife over there.
  要是我没太弄错的话,那边那个就是保罗的妻子。
2. based on a wrong opinion or bad judgement
• 判断错误的；被误解的
【SYN】 misguided :
 »mistaken views / ideas
  错误的观点/想法
 »I told her my secret in the mistaken belief that I could trust her.
  我误以为可以相信她,就把我的秘密告诉了她。
♦ mis∙taken∙ly adv.:
 »He mistakenly believed that his family would stand by him.
  他误以为他的家人会支持他。
ought to / ˈɔ:t tə before vowels and finally ˈɔ:t tu /
◙ modal verb (negative ought not to, short form especially BrE oughtn't to)
1. used to say what is the right thing to do
• 应该；应当:
 »They ought to apologize.
  他们应该道歉。
 »'Ought I to write to say thank you?' 'Yes, I think you ought (to).'
  "我应该写信致谢吗？" "对,我觉得你应该。"
 »They ought to have apologized (= but they didn't).
  他们本该道歉的。
 »Such things ought not to be allowed.
  这种事应该禁止。
 »He oughtn't to have been driving so fast.
  他本不该把车开得那么快。
--› note at should
2. used to say what you expect or would like to happen
• (表示期望或可能发生的事)应该:
 »Children ought to be able to read by the age of 7.
  儿童 7 岁时应该识字了。
 »Nurses ought to earn more.
  护士的薪资应该多一点。
3. used to say what you advise or recommend
• (表示劝告或建议)应该:
 »We ought to be leaving now.
  我们现在该动身了。
 »This is delicious. You ought to try some.
  这个菜很可口。你可得尝尝。
 »You ought to have come to the meeting. It was interesting.
  会议可有意思了,你真该出席。
4. used to say what has probably happened or is probably true
• (表示可能发生的或真实的事情)应该:
 »If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now.
  他如果九点出发,现在应该到这里了。
 »That ought to be enough food for the four of us.
  这些食物应该够咱们四个人吃了。
 »Oughtn't the water to have boiled by now?
  水现在该开了吧？
--› note at modal
dif∙fer / ˈdifə(r) /
◙ verb [V]
1. A and B ~ (from each other) | A ~s from B to be different from sb / sth
• 相异；有区别；不同于:
 »They hold differing views.
  他们持有不同的观点。
 »French differs from English in this respect.
  在这方面法语不同于英语。
 »French and English differ in this respect.
  在这方面法语和英语不同。
 »Ideas on childcare may differ considerably between the parents.
  在抚育儿童方面父母的观点可能迥然不同。
2. ~ (with sb) (about / on / over sth) to disagree with sb
• 意见相左；持不同看法；不同意:
 »I have to differ with you on that.
  在这一点上我不能同意你的看法。
 »Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease.
  关于如何治疗这种疾病医学上有不同的看法。
【IDIOMS】
--› see agree , beg
al∙pha∙bet / ˈælfəbet /
◙ noun
• a set of letters or symbols in a fixed order used for writing a language
• (一种语言的)字母表,全部字母
【ORIGIN】From alpha and beta, the first ten letters of the Greek alphabet.
• 源自希腊字母表的头两个字母 alpha 和 beta。
deed / di:d /
◙ noun
1. (formal, literary) a thing that sb does that is usually very good or very bad
• 行为；行动
【SYN】 act :
 »a brave / charitable / evil / good deed
  勇敢的行为；善举；恶行；善行
 »a tale of heroic deeds
  英雄事迹的故事
--› note at action
2. (often plural in British English 在英国英语中常用复数) a legal document that you sign, especially one that proves that you own a house or a building
• (尤指房产)契约,证书:
 »the deeds of the house
  房契
--› see also title deed
【IDIOMS】
◘ your good deed for the 'day
• a helpful, kind thing that you do
• (所做的)好事,善事
writ∙ing / ˈraitiŋ /
◙ noun
1. [U] the activity of writing, in contrast to reading, speaking, etc.
• 写；书写；写作:
 »Our son's having problems with his reading and writing (= at school).
  我们儿子在读写方面有困难。
 »a writing case (= containing paper, pens, etc.)
  文具盒
2. [U] the activity of writing books, articles, etc., especially as a job
• (专职)写作；著书立说:
 »Only later did she discover a talent for writing.
  她到了较后期才发现自己的写作天分。
 »He is leaving the band to concentrate on his writing.
  他要离开乐队去专职写作。
 »creative writing
  文学创作
 »feminist / travel, etc. writing
  女权主义文章、游记等的写作
--› see also songwriting
3. [U] books, articles, etc. in general
• 着作；文字作品；文章:
 »The review is a brilliant piece of writing.
  这篇评论很精彩。
4. writings [pl.] a group of pieces of writing, especially by a particular person or on a particular subject
• (某作家或专题的)着作,作品:
 »His experiences in India influenced his later writings.
  他在印度的经历影响了他后来的着作。
 »the writings of Hegel
  黑格尔的着作
5. [U] words that have been written or painted on sth
• (书写或印刷的)文字:
 »There was writing all over the desk.
  书桌上写满了字。
6. [U] the particular way in which sb forms letters when they write
• 笔迹；字迹；书法
【SYN】 handwriting :
 »Who's this from? I don't recognize the writing.
  这是谁写来的？我辨认不出笔迹。
【IDIOMS】
◘ in 'writing
• in the form of a letter, document, etc. (that gives proof of sth)
• 以书面形式(作为凭证):
 »All telephone reservations must be confirmed in writing.
  所有的电话预约必须以书面形式确认。
 »Could you put your complaint in writing ?
  你能把投诉的内容写下来吗？
 »You must get it in writing.
  你必须用书面的形式。
◘ the ˌwriting is on the 'wall | ◘ see the ˌwriting on the 'wall
• (NAmE also the ˌhandwriting on the 'wall) (saying) used when you are describing a situation in which there are signs that sth is going to have problems or that it is going to be a failure
• (看出)厄运临头的预兆,不祥之兆:
 »It is amazing that not one of them saw the writing on the wall.
  令人吃惊的是他们就没有一个人看出大难临头的预兆。
【ORIGIN】From the Bible story in which strange writing appeared on a wall during a feast given by King Belshazzar, predicting Belshazzar's death and the fall of his city.
• 源自《圣经》故事,伯沙撒国王大摆宴席时,墙上出现了奇怪的字迹,预言伯沙撒的死亡及其王国的覆灭。
hunt / hʌnt /
◙ verb
1. to chase wild animals or birds in order to catch or kill them for food, sport or to make money
• 打猎；猎取；猎杀:
▪ [V]
 »Lions sometimes hunt alone.
  狮子有时单独猎食。
▪ [VN]
 »Whales are still being hunted and killed in the Arctic.
  北冰洋的鲸类仍然遭到猎杀。
2. [V] ~ (for sth) to look for sth that is difficult to find
• 搜寻；搜索
【SYN】 search :
 »I've hunted everywhere but I can't find it.
  我到处都搜遍了,就是找不到它。
 »She is still hunting for a new job.
  她还在找新工作。
3. ~ (for) sb to look for sb in order to catch them or harm them
• 追踪；追捕:
▪ [VN]
 »Police are hunting an escaped criminal.
  警察正在追捕一名逃犯。
▪ [V]
 »Detectives are hunting for thieves who broke into a warehouse yesterday.
  侦探正在追踪昨天盗窃仓库的窃贼。
4. [V VN] (in Britain) to chase and kill foxes as a sport, riding horses and using dogs
• (英国)猎狐运动
【PHR V】
◘ ˌhunt sb∽'down
• to search for sb until you catch or find them, especially in order to punish or harm them
• 追捕,缉捕(某人)
◘ ˌhunt sth∽'down / 'out
• to search for sth until you find it
• 搜寻,寻找(某物)
◙ noun
1. [C, usually sing.] ~ (for sb / sth) an act of looking for sb / sth that is difficult to find
• 搜寻；搜索；寻找:
 »The hunt is on for a suitable candidate.
  正在物色合适的人选。
 »Hundreds have joined a police hunt for the missing teenager.
  已有几百人和警方一同搜寻一名失踪的十几岁孩子。
 »a murder hunt (= to find the person who has killed sb)
  追捕杀人犯
--› see also treasure hunt , witch-hunt
2. [C] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) an act of chasing wild animals to kill or capture them
• 打猎:
 »a tiger hunt
  猎虎
3. [C] (in Britain) an event at which people ride horses and hunt foxes as a sport
• (英国)猎狐活动:
 »There will be a hunt on Boxing Day.
  节礼日将有猎狐活动。
 »a hunt meeting
  猎狐大会
4. [C + sing. / pl. v.] (in Britain) a group of people who regularly hunt foxes as a sport
• (英国经常举行猎狐运动的)猎狐队伍:
 »There are several different hunts in the area.
  这个地区有几支不同的猎狐队。
ap∙pear∙ance / əˈpiərəns; NAmE əˈpir- /
◙ noun
›› WAY STH LOOKS / SEEMS 外观
1. [C, U] the way that sb / sth looks on the outside; what sb / sth seems to be
• 外貌；外观；外表:
 »the physical / outward / external appearance of sth
  某物的外观
 »She had never been greatly concerned about her appearance.
  她从来不怎么注重外貌。
 »The dog was similar in general appearance to a spaniel.
  这条狗总的来看像西班牙猎狗。
 »He gave every appearance of (= seemed very much to be) enjoying himself.
  他处处表现得很快活。
 »Judging by appearances can be misleading.
  单凭外表判断可能出错。
 »To all appearances (= as far as people could tell) he was dead.
  从一切迹象来看,他已经死了。
 »When she lost all her money, she was determined to keep up appearances (= hide the true situation and pretend that everything was going well).
  她把钱全亏光时,决意佯装若无其事。
›› SB / STH ARRIVING 到达
2. [C, usually sing.] the fact of sb / sth arriving, especially when it is not expected
• (尤指突然的)抵达,到来:
 »The sudden appearance of a security guard caused them to drop the money and run.
  保安人员突然出现,他们丢下钱就跑了。
 »I don't want to go to the party, but I suppose I'd better put in an appearance (= go there for a short time).
  我不想去参加这个聚会,不过我认为顶好还是去露个面。
3. [C, usually sing.] the moment at which sth begins to exist or starts to be seen or used
• 起源；出现；首次使用:
 »the early appearance of daffodils in spring
  春来早开的水仙
 »the appearance of organic vegetables in the supermarkets
  有机蔬菜在超级市场上市
›› IN PUBLIC 公开
4. [C] an act of appearing in public, especially as a performer, politician, etc., or in court
• 公开露面；演出；出庭:
 »The Dutch player will make his first appearance for Liverpool this Saturday.
  这名荷兰球员将于本星期六在利物浦队中首次亮相。
 »The singer's first public appearance was at the age of eight.
  这位歌手八岁时初次登台演出。
 »the defendant's appearance in court
  被告出庭
›› BEING PUBLISHED / BROADCAST 出版；广播
5. [C, usually sing.] an act of being published or broadcast
• 出版；广播:
 »the appearance of claims about the minister's private life in the press
  关于这位大臣私生活的说法见诸报端
rep∙re∙sent / ˌrepriˈzent /
◙ verb
›› ACT / SPEAK FOR SB 为某人做/说
1. [VN] [often passive] to be a member of a group of people and act or speak on their behalf at an event, a meeting, etc.
• 代表:
 »The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different countries.
  这次比赛吸引了代表 8 个不同国家的 500 多名参赛者。
 »Local businesses are well represented on the committee (= there are a lot of people from them on the committee).
  委员会中有许多地方企业的代表。
 »The President was represented at the ceremony by the Vice-President.
  副总统代表总统出席了这次庆典。
2. [VN] to act or speak officially for sb and defend their interests
• 作为…的代言人；维护…的利益:
 »The union represents over 200 000 teachers.
  工会代表着 20 余万名教师的利益。
 »The association was formed to represent the interests of women artists.
  成立这个协会是为了维护女性艺术家的利益。
 »Ms Dale is representing the defendant (= is his / her lawyer) in the case.
  在这个案件当中,戴尔女士为被告作辩护。
›› BE EQUAL TO 等于
3. linking verb
• [V-N] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to be sth
• 等于；相当于；意味着
【SYN】 constitute :
 »This contract represents 20% of the company's annual revenue.
  这份合约相当于公司 20% 的年收入。
 »This decision represents a significant departure from previous policy.
  这个决定意味着在很大程度上脱离了原先的政策。
›› BE EXAMPLE OF 成为例证
4. [VN] [no passive] to be an example or expression of sth
• 成为…实例；成为典型；体现
【SYN】 be typical of :
 »a project representing all that is good in the community
  体现着社区中一切美好形象的工程
 »Those comments do not represent the views of us all.
  这些言论不足以体现我们所有人的看法。
›› BE SYMBOL 成为象征
5. [VN] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to be a symbol of sth
• 作为…的象征；象征；代表
【SYN】 symbolize :
 »Each colour on the chart represents a different department.
  图表中的每一种颜色都代表一个不同的部门。
 »Wind direction is represented by arrows.
  风向是用箭头表示的。
›› IN PICTURE 图画
6. ~ sb / sth (as sb / sth) to show sb / sth, especially in a picture
• 展示；描绘
【SYN】 depict :
▪ [VN]
 »The carvings represent a hunting scene.
  这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。
 »The results are represented in fig.3 below.
  结果如下面的图 3 所示。
▪ [also VN -ing]
›› DESCRIBE 描述
7. [VN] ~ sb (as sth) (formal) to present or describe sb / sth in a particular way, especially when this may not be fair
• (尤指不公平地)展现,描述,表现:
 »The king is represented as a villain in the play.
  剧中国王的形象是一个恶棍。
 »The risks were represented as negligible.
  他们把风险说得微不足道。
›› MAKE FORMAL STATEMENT 正式声明
8. ~ sth (to sb) (formal) to make a formal statement to sb in authority to make your opinions known or to protest
• 正式提出(意见、抗议等):
▪ [VN]
 »They represented their concerns to the authorities.
  他们向当局陈述了他们关心的问题。
▪ [also V that]
draw∙ing / ˈdrɔ:iŋ /
◙ noun
1. [C] a picture made using a pencil or pen rather than paint
• 图画；素描画:
 »a pencil / charcoal drawing
  铅笔/木炭画
 »a drawing of a yacht
  快艇素描画
 »He did / made a drawing of the old farmhouse.
  他画了一幅古老农舍的素描。
--› note at picture
2. [U] the art or skill of making pictures, plans, etc. using a pen or pencil
• 绘画(艺术)；制图(技巧):
 »I'm not very good at drawing.
  我不擅长绘画。
 »technical drawing
  工艺制图
3. (NAmE) = draw (1, 3)
simp∙ly / ˈsimpli /
◙ adv.
1. used to emphasize how easy or basic sth is
• (强调简单)仅仅,只,不过
【SYN】 just :
 »Simply add hot water and stir.
  只需加上热水搅动就行。
 »The runway is simply a strip of grass.
  所谓跑道不过是一长条草地而已。
 »Fame is often simply a matter of being in the right place at the right time.
  成名常常是身在其位,恰逢其时,仅此而已。
 »You can enjoy all the water sports, or simply lie on the beach.
  你可以进行所有的水上运动,或只是躺在沙滩上。
2. used to emphasize a statement
• (强调某说法)确实,简直
【SYN】 absolutely :
 »You simply must see the play.
  那出戏你真得看看。
 »The view is simply wonderful!
  景色美极了！
 »That is simply not true!
  那根本不是真的！
 »I haven't seen her for simply ages.
  我真是好久没见她了。
3. in a way that is easy to understand
• 简单地:
 »The book explains grammar simply and clearly.
  这本书对语法解释得简明扼要。
 »Anyway, to put it simply, we still owe them £2 000.
  反正简单地说,我们还欠他们 2 000 英镑。
4. in a way that is natural and plain
• 简朴地；朴素地:
 »The rooms are simply furnished.
  房间都陈设简朴。
 »They live simply (= they do not spend much money).
  他们生活简朴。
5. used to introduce a summary or an explanation of sth that you have just said or done
• (引出概括或解释)不过,只是:
 »I don't want to be rude, it's simply that we have to be careful who we give this information to.
  我不是有意无礼,只不过这份资料给谁我们必须很慎重。
com∙bine
◙ verb / kəmˈbain /
1. ~ (sth) (with sth) | ~ æ and ɑ (together) to come together to form a single thing or group; to join ten or more things or groups together to form a single one
• (使)结合,组合,联合,混合:
▪ [V]
 »Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.
  氢与氧化合成水。
 »Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.
  氢与氧化合成水。
 »Several factors had combined to ruin our plans.
  几种因素加在一起毁了我们的计划。
▪ [VN]
 »Combine all the ingredients in a bowl.
  把所有的配料放在碗里拌匀。
 »Combine the eggs with a little flour.
  把鸡蛋和少量的麪粉搅匀。
 »The German team scored a combined total of 652 points.
  德国队综合得分为 652 分。
2. [VN] ~ A and / with B to have ten or more different features or characteristics; to put ten or more different things, features or qualities together
• 兼有；兼备；使融合(或并存):
 »The hotel combines comfort with convenience.
  这家旅馆既舒适又方便。
 »This model combines a telephone and fax machine.
  这种型号同时具备电话机和传真机的功能。
 »a kitchen and dining-room combined
  厨房兼饭厅
 »We are still looking for someone who combines all the necessary qualities.
  我们仍在寻觅兼备所有必要才能的人选。
 »They have successfully combined the old with the new in this room.
  他们在这个房间里成功地把古老和现代的风格融为一体。
3. [VN] ~ A and / with B to do ten or more things at the same time
• 同时做(两件或以上的事)；兼做；兼办:
 »The trip will combine business with pleasure.
  此次旅行将把出差和娱乐结合起来。
 »She has successfully combined a career and bringing up a family.
  她成功地兼顾了事业和抚养子女。
4. to come together in order to work or act together; to put ten things or groups together so that they work or act together
• 合并；协力:
▪ [V]
 »They combined against a common enemy.
  他们联手对付共同的敌人。
▪ [VN]
 »the combined effects of the ten drugs
  两种药物的复合疗效
 »You should try to combine exercise with a healthy diet.
  你应该把锻炼和健康饮食结合起来。
 »It took the combined efforts of both the press and the public to bring about a change in the law.
  这项法律的变更来自媒体和公众的通力合作。
【IDIOMS】
--› see force n.
◙ noun / ˈkɔmbain; NAmE ˈkɑ:m- /
1. (BrE also ˌcombine 'harvester) a large farm machine which cuts a crop and separates the grains from the rest of the plant
• 联合收割机
2. a group of people or organizations acting together in business
• 集团；联合企业
dis∙tin∙guish / diˈstiŋɡwiʃ /
◙ verb
1. ~ (between) A and B | ~ A from B to recognize the difference between two people or things
• 区分；辨别；分清
【SYN】 differentiate :
▪ [V]
 »At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong?
  儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？
▪ [VN]
 »It was hard to distinguish one twin from the other.
  很难分辨出一对孪生儿谁是谁。
 »Sometimes reality and fantasy are hard to distinguish.
  有时候现实和幻想很难区分。
2. [VN] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) ~ A (from B) to be a characteristic that makes two people, animals or things different
• 成为…的特征；使具有…的特色；使有别于:
 »What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?
  是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？
 »The male bird is distinguished from the female by its red beak.
  雄鸟喙红色,有别于雌鸟。
 »Does your cat have any distinguishing marks?
  你的猫有什么特殊标记吗？
3. [VN] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to be able to see or hear sth
• 看清；认出；听出
【SYN】 differentiate , make out :
 »I could not distinguish her words, but she sounded agitated.
  我听不清她说的话,但听得出她很激动。
--› note at identify
4. [VN] ~ yourself (as sth) to do sth so well that people notice and admire you
• 使出众；使著名；使受人青睐:
 »She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.
  作为运动员她已享有盛名。
♦ dis∙tin∙guish∙able / diˈstiŋɡwiʃəbl / adj. ~ (from sb / sth)
 »: The male bird is easily distinguishable from the female.
  这种鸟很容易辨认雌雄。
 »The coast was barely distinguishable in the mist.
  在雾中很难看清海岸。
in∙di∙cate / ˈindikeit /
◙ verb
›› SHOW 表明
1. to show that sth is true or exists
• 表明；标示；显示:
▪ [VN]
 »Record profits in the retail market indicate a boom in the economy.
  零售市场上有史以来的最高利润显示出经济的突飞猛进。
▪ [V that]
 »Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.
  研究显示,饮食习惯正迅速改变。
▪ [V]
 »Kingston-upon-Thames, as the name indicates, is situated on the banks of the Thames.
  泰晤士河畔金斯顿镇,正如其名称所示,位于泰晤士河畔。
▪ [also V wh-]
›› SUGGEST 暗示
2. to be a sign of sth; to show that sth is possible or likely
• 象征；暗示:
▪ [VN]
 »A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.
  夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。
▪ [V that]
 »Early results indicate that the government will be returned to power.
  早期的结果预示这个政府将重新执政。
›› MENTION 提及
3. ~ sth (to sb) to mention sth, especially in an indirect way
• 暗示；间接提及；示意:
▪ [V (that)]
 »In his letter he indicated to us (that) he was willing to cooperate.
  他在信中向我们透露他愿意合作。
▪ [VN]
 »He indicated his willingness to cooperate.
  他暗示愿意合作。
▪ [also V wh-]
--› note at declare
›› POINT TO 指向
4. ~ sb / sth (to sb) to make sb notice sb / sth, especially by pointing or moving your head
• 指示；指出:
▪ [VN]
 »She took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us.
  她拿出一张地图,给我们指出最快捷的路线。
▪ [V wh-]
 »He indicated where the furniture was to go.
  他指示了家具要如何摆放。
▪ [also V that]
›› GIVE INFORMATION 提供信息
5. [VN] to represent information without using words
• 显示(信息)；标示:
 »The results are indicated in Table 2.
  结果列在表 2 中。
6. to give information in writing
• 写明；注出:
▪ [VN]
 »You are allowed 20kgs of baggage unless indicated otherwise on your ticket.
  除非票上另有注明,否则可携带行李为 20 公斤。
▪ [V wh-]
 »Please indicate clearly which colour you require.
  请标明您要求的颜色。
›› SHOW MEASUREMENT 显示量度
7. (of an instrument for measuring things 测量器具) to show a particular measurement
• 显示(量度):
▪ [VN]
 »When the temperature gauge indicates 90°F or more, turn off the engine.
  当温度计显示 90 华氏度或以上时,关闭发动机。
▪ [also V wh-]
›› IN VEHICLE 车辆等
8. (BrE) to show that your vehicle is going to change direction, by using lights or your arm
• (用灯光或手臂)打行车转向信号
【SYN】 signal :
▪ [V]
 »Always indicate before moving into another lane.
  开入其他车道前一定要打转向灯。
▪ [VN]
 »He indicated left and then turned right.
  他打出的是左转信号,然后却向右转了。
▪ [also V (that)]
›› BE RECOMMENDED 建议
9. [VN] [usually passive] (formal) to be necessary or recommended
• 有必要；被建议:
 »A course of chemotherapy was indicated.
  建议进行化疗。
short∙com∙ing / ˈʃɔ:tkʌmiŋ; NAme ˈʃɔ:rt- /
◙ noun [usually pl.]
• a fault in sb's character, a plan, a system, etc.
• 缺点；短处
【SYN】 defect
ink / iŋk /
◙ noun [U, C]
• coloured liquid for writing, drawing and printing
• 墨水；墨汁；油墨:
 »written in ink
  用墨水写的
 »a pen and ink drawing
  钢笔画
 »different coloured inks
  各种颜色的墨水
--› see also inky
◙ verb [VN]
1. to cover sth with ink so that it can be used for printing
• 给…上油墨(以供印刷)
2. (NAmE, informal) to sign a document, especially a contract
• 签署,签订(合同等):
 »The group has just inked a $10 million deal.
  这个集团刚刚签订了一份 1 000 万元的协议。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌink sth∽'in
• to write or draw in ink over sth that has already been written or drawn in pencil
• 给(铅笔画或底线)上墨；用墨水加描: (figurative)
 »The date for the presentation should have been inked in (= made definite) by now.
  演出的日期现在应该敲定了。
eye∙sight / ˈaisait /
◙ noun [U]
• the ability to see
• 视力；目力:
 »to have good / bad / poor eyesight
  视力好/不好/差
 »an eyesight test
  视力测试
press / pres /
◙ noun
›› NEWSPAPERS 报章
1. (often the Press) [sing. + sing. / pl. v.] newspapers and magazines
• 报章杂志；报刊；印刷媒体:
 »the local / national / foreign press
  地方/全国/外国报刊
 »the popular / tabloid press (= smaller newspapers with a lot of pictures and stories of famous people)
  通俗报刊；小报
 »The story was reported in the press and on television.
  这件事已在报刊和电视上报道了。
 »the music / sporting press (= newspapers and magazines about music / sport)
  音乐/体育报刊
 »Unlike the American, the British press operates on a national scale.
  与美国不同,英国报刊都是行销全国的。
 »the freedom of the Press / press freedom (= the freedom to report any events and express opinions)
  新闻自由
 »The event is bound to attract wide press coverage (= it will be written about in many newspapers).
  这个事件一定会在各报刊广泛报道。
--› see also gutter press
2. the press the Press [sing. + sing. / pl. v.] the journalists and photographers who work for newspapers and magazines
• 记者；新闻工作者；新闻界:
 »The Press was / were not allowed to attend the trial.
  庭审谢绝新闻采访。
3. [sing., U] the type or amount of reports that newspapers write about sb / sth
• 报道；评论:
 »The airline has had a bad press recently (= journalists have written unpleasant things about it).
  这家航空公司最近受到新闻界的责难。
›› PUBLISHING / PRINTING 出版；印刷
4. [C, U] a machine for printing books, newspapers, etc.; the process of printing them
• 印刷机；印刷:
 »We were able to watch the books rolling off the presses.
  我们可以看到书本从印刷机上源源不断地印出。
 »These prices are correct at the time of going to press.
  这些价格在付印时是准确无误的。
 »a story that is hot off the press (= has just appeared in the newspapers)
  刚刚见报的新闻报道
--› see also printing press , stop press
5. [C] a business that prints and publishes books
• 出版社；印刷所:
 »Oxford University Press
  牛津大学出版社
›› EQUIPMENT FOR PRESSING 挤压设备
6. [C] (especially in compounds 尤用于构成复合词) a piece of equipment that is used for creating pressure on things, to make them flat or to get liquid from them
• 压平机；压榨机；榨汁机:
 »a trouser press
  裤腿压摺机
 »a garlic press
  压蒜器
›› ACT OF PUSHING 推压
7. [C, usually sing.] an act of pushing sth with your hand or with a tool that you are holding
• 挤压；推；按:
 »He gave the bell another press.
  他又按了一下铃。
 »Those shirts need a press (= with an iron).
  这些衬衣需要熨一熨。
›› CROWD 群集
8. [sing.] a large number of people or things competing for space or movement
• 拥挤的人群(或大批事物)
【SYN】 throng :
 »the press of bodies all moving the same way
  拥向同一方向的人群
›› CUPBOARD 橱柜
9. [C] (IrishE, ScotE) a large cupboard, usually with shelves, for holding clothes, books, etc.
• (分层)大壁橱,衣柜,书柜,碗柜
◙ verb
›› PUSH / SQUEEZE 推；挤
1. ~ (sth / sb / yourself) against sth | ~ sth to sth | ~ sth together to push sth closely and firmly against sth; to be pushed in this way
• (被)压,挤,推,施加压力:
▪ [VN]
 »She pressed her face against the window.
  她把脸贴在窗子上。
 »He pressed a handkerchief to his nose.
  他用手绢捂住鼻子。
 »She pressed her lips together.
  她紧抿着双唇。
▪ [V]
 »His body was pressing against hers.
  他的身体紧贴着她。
2. to push or squeeze part of a device, etc. in order to make it work
• 按,压(使启动):
▪ [VN]
 »to press a button / switch / key
  按下按钮/开关；按键
▪ [VN-ADJ]
 »He pressed the lid firmly shut.
  他把盖子盖得紧紧的。
▪ [V , usually +adv. / prep.]
 »Press here to open.
  请按此处打开。
 »She pressed down hard on the gas pedal.
  她用力踩下油门踏板。
3. [VN] ~ sth into / onto sth to put sth in a place by pushing it firmly
• 将…塞进；把…按入:
 »He pressed a coin into her hand and moved on.
  他把一枚硬币塞进她手里,然后继续向前走。
4. [VN] to squeeze sb's hand or arm, especially as a sign of affection
• (深情地)紧握(某人的手或臂)
5. [V +adv. / prep.] (of people in a crowd 人群) to move in the direction mentioned by pushing
• (向…)拥挤,推搡着移动:
 »The photographers pressed around the royal visitors.
  摄影记者们在王室贵宾周围挤来挤去。
 »(figurative) A host of unwelcome thoughts were pressing in on him.
  一大堆恼人的心事涌上他的心头。
›› TRY TO PERSUADE 劝说
6. ~ sb (for sth) | ~ sb (into sth / into doing sth) to make strong efforts to persuade or force sb to do sth
• 催促；敦促；逼迫
【SYN】 push , urge :
▪ [VN]
 »If pressed, he will admit that he knew about the affair.
  如果逼问他,他就会承认对此事知情。
 »The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan.
  银行正在催我们偿还贷款。
▪ [VN to inf]
 »They are pressing us to make a quick decision.
  他们正催促我们尽快作出决定。
›› POINT / CLAIM / CASE 观点；要求；事情
7. [VN] to express or repeat sth with force
• 坚持；反复强调:
 »I don't want to press the point, but you do owe me $200.
  我不想老提这一点,但你确实欠我 200 元钱。
 »She is still pressing her claim for compensation.
  她仍然坚持索赔。
 »They were determined to press their case at the highest level.
  他们决心把事情闹到最高层。
›› MAKE FLAT / SMOOTH 弄平
8. to make sth flat or smooth by using force or putting sth heavy on top
• 把…压平；压扁:
▪ [VN]
 »pressed flowers (= pressed between the pages of a book)
  夹在书页中间压扁的花
▪ [VN-ADJ]
 »Press the soil flat with the back of a spade.
  用铁锹背面把土拍平。
9. [VN] to make clothes smooth using a hot iron
• 熨平；烫平
【SYN】 iron :
 »My suit needs pressing.
  我的西服该熨了。
›› FRUIT / VEGETABLES 蔬果
10. [VN] to squeeze the juice out of fruit or vegetables by using force or weight
• 把…榨汁；压榨
›› METAL 金属
11. [VN] to make sth from a material, using pressure
• 把…压成；压制:
 »to press a CD
  压制一张光盘
 »The car bodies are pressed out of sheets of metal.
  汽车车身是用板金压制成的。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌpress (the) 'flesh
•(informal) (of a famous person or politician 名人或政治人物) to say hello to people by shaking hands
• 和群众握手致意
◘ ˌpress sth 'home
• to get as much advantage as possible from a situation by attacking or arguing in a determined way
• 坚持不懈；争辩到底:
 »to press home an attack / an argument / a point
  把进攻/论证/论点坚持到底
 »Simon saw she was hesitating and pressed home his advantage.
  西蒙见她犹豫不决,便趁机占尽优势。
◘ ˌpress sb / sth into 'service
• to use sb / sth for a purpose that they were not trained or intended for because there is nobody or nothing else available
• 姑且使用；临时凑合:
 »Every type of boat was pressed into service to rescue passengers from the sinking ferry.
  为了营救下沉渡轮上的旅客,各类船只都被临时征用了。
--› more at button n., charge n., panic button
【PHR V】
◘ ˌpress a'head / 'on (with sth)
• to continue doing sth in a determined way; to hurry forward
• 坚决继续进行；匆忙前进；加紧:
 »The company is pressing ahead with its plans for a new warehouse.
  这家公司正加紧推动设置新仓库的计划。
 »'Shall we stay here for the night?' 'No, let's press on.'
  "我们今晚在这里住下好吗？" "不,咱们继续走。"
◘ 'press for sth
• to keep asking for sth
• 不断要求
【SYN】 demand , push for :
 »They continued to press for a change in the law.
  他们不断要求修改这项法律。
◘ 'press sth on sb
• to try to make sb accept sth, especially food or drink, although they may not want it
• 勉强某人接受；促某人吃(或喝):
 »She kept pressing cake on us.
  她非要我们吃蛋糕不可。
wire / ˈwaiə(r) /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] metal in the form of thin thread; a piece of this
• 金属丝；金属线；一段金属丝(或线):
 »a coil of copper wire
  一卷铜丝
 »a wire basket
  金属丝编织篮
 »The box was fastened with a rusty wire.
  那个箱子是用生锈的铁丝捆紧的。
--› see also barbed wire , high wire , tripwire
2. [C, U] a piece of wire that is used to carry an electric current or signal
• 电线；导线:
 »overhead wires
  架空电线
 »fuse wire
  保险丝
 »The telephone wires had been cut.
  电话线被割断了。
--› see also hot-wire
3. the wire [sing.] a wire fence
• 金属丝编制的栏栅；铁丝网:
 »Three prisoners escaped by crawling under the wire.
  三个囚犯从铁丝网栅栏下钻出去越狱了。
4. [C] (informal, especially NAmE) = telegram :
 »We sent a wire asking him to join us.
  我们给他发了一份电报请他加入我们的行列。
--› see also wiry
【IDIOMS】
◘ get your 'wires crossed
•(informal) to become confused about what sb has said to you so that you think they meant sth else
• 误会(别人的意思)
◘ go, come, etc. (right) down to the 'wire
• (informal) if you say that a situation goes down to the wire, you mean that the result will not be decided or known until the very end
• 直到最后才见分晓
--› more at live ², pull v.
◙ verb
1. [VN] ~ sth (up) to connect a building, piece of equipment, etc. to an electricity supply using wires
• 用导线给(建筑物、设备等)接通电源:
 »Make sure the plug is wired up correctly.
  插头一定要接对。
2. [VN] ~ sb / sth up (to sth) | ~ sb / sth to sth to connect sb / sth to a piece of equipment, especially a tape recorder or computer system
• 将…连接到(磁带录音机、计算机等设备):
 »He was wired up to a police tape recorder.
  他被连接到了警方的录音机上。
3. [VN] ~ sth (for sth) to put a special device somewhere in order to listen secretly to other people's conversations
• 给…安装窃听器
【SYN】 bug :
 »The room had been wired for sound.
  这个房间已经装上了窃听器。
4. ~ (sth) (to sb) | ~ sb (sth) (especially NAmE) to send sb a message by telegram
• 给(某人)打电报
▪ [VN VNN]
 »He wired the news to us.
  他打电报把这个消息通知了我们。
 »He wired us the news.
  他打电报把这个消息通知了我们。
5. ~ sth (to sb) | ~ sb sth to send money from one bank to another using an electronic system
• 给(某人)电汇
▪ [VN VNN]
 »The bank wired the money to her.
  银行将钱电汇给了她。
 »The bank wired her the money.
  银行将钱电汇给了她。
6. [VN] to join things together using wire
• 用金属丝把…连在一起
con∙veni∙ent / kənˈvi:niənt /
◙ adj.
1. ~ (for sb / sth) useful, easy or quick to do; not causing problems
• 实用的；便利的；方便的；省事的:
 »It is very convenient to pay by credit card.
  用信用卡付款非常方便。
 »You'll find these meals quick and convenient to prepare.
  你会发现准备这样的饭既快又省事。
 »Fruit is a convenient source of vitamins and energy.
  水果是维生素和能量的便利来源。
 »A bicycle is often more convenient than a car in towns.
  在城镇骑自行车常常比开车更方便。
 »I can't see him now—it isn't convenient.
  我现在不便见他。
 »I'll call back at a more convenient time.
  在方便的时候我会回电话的。
 »(disapproving) He used his wife's birthday as a convenient excuse for not going to the meeting.
  他说要给妻子过生日,利用这个藉口,就不去参加会议了。
2. ~ (for sth) near to a particular place; easy to get to
• 附近的；近便的；容易到达的:
 »The house is very convenient for several schools.
  这座房子离几所学校很近。
【OPP】 inconvenient
♦ con∙veni∙ent∙ly adv.:
 »The report can be conveniently divided into seven main sections.
  这份报告不用费事就可划分为三个主要部份。
 »The hotel is conveniently situated close to the beach.
  那家旅馆坐落在海滩附近,非常方便。
 »She conveniently forgot to mention that her husband would be at the party, too (= because it suited her not to say).
  她没有提她丈夫也要参加聚会,她觉得还是不提为好。
bat∙tle / ˈbætl /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] a fight between armies, ships or planes, especially during a war; a violent fight between groups of people
• 战役；战斗；搏斗:
 »the battle of Waterloo
  滑铁卢战役
 »to be killed in battle
  阵亡
 »a gun battle
  枪战
--› see also pitched battle
2. [C] ~ (with sb) (for sth) a competition, an argument or a struggle between people or groups of people trying to win power or control
• 较量；争论；斗争:
 »a legal battle for compensation
  要求赔偿的法律斗争
 »a battle with an insurance company
  同一家保险公司的争执
 »a battle of wits (= when each side uses their ability to think quickly to try to win)
  智斗
 »a battle of wills (= when each side is very determined to win)
  意志的较量
--› note at campaign
3. [C, usually sing.] ~ (against / for sth) a determined effort that sb makes to solve a difficult problem or succeed in a difficult situation
• 奋斗；斗争:
 »her long battle against cancer
  她同癌症的长期斗争
 »to fight an uphill battle against prejudice
  同偏见作艰苦斗争
 »a battle for survival
  一场生死斗
【IDIOMS】
◘ the battle lines are 'drawn
• used to say that people or groups have shown which side they intend to support in an argument or contest that is going to begin
• 战线已经划清(指人或群体已表明打算支持争论或比赛哪一方)
◘ do 'battle (with sb) (over sth)
• to fight or argue with sb
• (同某人就某事)进行斗争或辩论
◘ half the 'battle
• the most important or difficult part of achieving sth
• (完成某事的)关键；最艰难的阶段
--› more at fight v., join v.
◙ verb
• ~ (with / against sb / sth) (for sth) to try very hard to achieve sth difficult or to deal with sth unpleasant or dangerous
• 搏斗；奋斗；斗争:
▪ [V]
 »She's still battling with a knee injury.
  她还在同膝部的伤痛作斗争。
 »Both teams battled hard.
  两队拚得很厉害。
 »The ten leaders are battling for control of the government.
  两位领导人在为控制政府而斗争。
 »I had to battle hard just to stay afloat.
  我得用力挣扎才能勉强浮住。
▪ [VN]
 »The ten sides will battle it out in the final next week.
  双方将于下周决赛中决一胜负。
 »(NAmE) He battled cancer for five years.
  他同癌症斗争了四年。
pat∙tern / ˈpætn; NAme -tərn /
◙ noun
1. the regular way in which sth happens or is done
• 模式；方式:
 »changing patterns of behaviour
  行为变化模式
 »an irregular sleeping pattern
  不规律的睡眠模式
 »The murders all seem to follow a (similar) pattern (= happen in the same way).
  这些凶杀案似乎同出一辙。
2. [usually sing.] an excellent example to copy
• 范例；典范；榜样；样板:
 »This system sets the pattern for others to follow.
  这个系统堪为他人仿效的典范。
3. a regular arrangement of lines, shapes, colours, etc. as a design on material, carpets, etc.
• 图案；花样；式样:
 »a pattern of diamonds and squares
  菱形和正方形构成的图案
 »a shirt with a floral pattern
  一件花衬衣
4. a design, set of instructions or shape to cut around that you use in order to make sth
• 模型；底样；纸样:
 »a knitting pattern
  编织图样
 »She bought a dress pattern and some material.
  她买了一幅衣服纸样和一些衣料。
5. a small piece of material, paper, etc. that helps you choose the design of sth
【SYN】 sample
• 样品；样本:
 »wallpaper patterns
  壁纸样品
◙ verb [VN]
1. to form a regular arrangement of lines or shapes on sth
• 构成图案(或花样):
 »Frost patterned the window.
  霜在窗子上形成了图案。
 »a landscape patterned by vineyards
  由一片片葡萄园构成的风景图
2. (technical 术语) to cause a particular type of behaviour to develop
• 使形成,促成(某行为模式):
 »Adult behaviour is often patterned by childhood experiences.
  成年人的行为模式往往是童年经历造成的。
【PHR V】
◘ 'pattern sth on sth (BrE) (NAmE 'pattern sth after sth) [usually passive]
• to use sth as a model for sth; to copy sth
• 模仿；仿效:
 »a new approach patterned on Japanese ideas
  模仿日本概念而设计的新方法
drag / dræɡ /
◙ verb (-gg-)
›› PULL 拉
1. [VN , usually +adv. / prep.] to pull sb / sth along with effort and difficulty
• (使劲而吃力地)拖,拉,拽,扯:
 »I dragged the chair over to the window.
  我把椅子拖到了窗口那边。
 »They dragged her from her bed.
  他们把她从牀上拽了起来。
--› note at pull
›› MOVE SLOWLY 缓慢移动
2. [+adv. / prep.] to move yourself slowly and with effort
• 缓慢而费力地移动(或行进):
▪ [VN]
 »I managed to drag myself out of bed.
  我总算硬撑着从牀上爬了起来。
▪ [V]
 »She always drags behind when we walk anywhere.
  我们每走什么地方她都慢慢腾腾吃力地跟在后面。
›› PERSUADE SB TO GO 劝人走
3. [VN +adv. / prep.] to persuade sb to come or go somewhere they do not really want to come or go to
• 生拉硬拽；劝人勉强来(或去):
 »I'm sorry to drag you all this way in the heat.
  对不起,这么热的天硬拉着你跑了这一路。
 »The party was so good I couldn't drag myself away.
  这聚会太开心了,我舍不得离开。
›› OF TIME 时间
4. [V] (of time or an event 时间或活动) to pass very slowly
• 过得很慢；拖沓地进行:
 »Time dragged terribly.
  时间过得真慢。
 »The meeting really dragged.
  这会议开得真拖拉。
--› see also drag on
›› TOUCH GROUND 触到地上
5. to move, or make sth move, partly touching the ground
• (使)在地上拖着移动:
▪ [V]
 »This dress is too long—it drags on the ground when I walk.
  这连衣裙太长了——我走路时就拖在地上。
▪ [VN]
 »He was dragging his coat in the mud.
  他的外套拖在泥里。
›› SEARCH RIVER 在河中搜索
6. [VN] ~ sth (for sb / sth) to search the bottom of a river, lake, etc. with nets or hooks
• 用网(或鈎)搜索(河或湖底):
 »They dragged the canal for the missing children.
  他们用拖网沿运河打捞那些失踪的孩子。
›› COMPUTING 计算机技术
7. [VN +adv. / prep.] to move some text, an icon , etc. across the screen of a computer using the mouse
• (用鼠标)拖动
【IDIOMS】
◘ drag your 'feet / 'heels
• to be deliberately slow in doing sth or in making a decision
• 故意拖拉；故意延迟(作出决定)
--› more at bootstrap
【PHR V】
◘ ˌdrag 'by (of time 时间)
• to pass very slowly
• 过得很慢；拖沓地进行:
 »The last few weeks of the summer really dragged by.
  夏天最后的几个星期过得真是慢啊。
◘ ˌdrag sb∽'down
• to make sb feel weak or unhappy
• 使虚弱(或不愉快)
◘ ˌdrag sb / sth∽'down (to sth)
• to bring sb / sth to a lower social or economic level, a lower standard of behaviour, etc.
• 使社会地位(或经济地位、行为标准等)下降:
 »If he fails, he'll drag us all down with him.
  要是他失败了,他会使我们大家连同他一起毁掉的。
◘ ˌdrag sth / sb 'into sth ◘ | ˌdrag sth / sb∽'in
1. to start to talk about sth / sb that has nothing to do with what is being discussed
• 把毫不相干的事插入谈论；毫无必要地扯到:
 »Do you have to drag politics into everything?
  你什么事都非要把政治扯进去吗？
2. to try to get sb who is not connected with a situation involved in it
• 硬让毫无关系的人卷入；硬把…拉进去:
 »Don't drag the children into our argument.
  不要硬让孩子也卷入我们的争论。
◘ ˌdrag 'on (disapproving)
• to go on for too long
• 拖得太久；持续太久:
 »The dispute has dragged on for months.
  这场争论没完没了地持续了数月。
◘ ˌdrag sth∽'out
• to make sth last longer than necessary
• 不必要地拖延；使持续过久
【SYN】 prolong :
 »Let's not drag out this discussion; we need to reach a decision.
  别让这场讨论拖得太久,我们得作个决定。
◘ ˌdrag sth 'out of sb
• to make sb say sth they do not want to say
• 强迫某人说出；套某人的话:
 »We dragged a confession out of him.
  我们硬逼着他招了供。
◘ ˌdrag sth∽'up
• to mention an unpleasant story, fact, etc. that people do not want to remember or talk about
• 提起(不愿回忆或谈论的事):
 »Why do you have to keep dragging up my divorce?
  你为什么非要老提我离婚的事呢？
◙ noun
›› BORING PERSON / THING 令人厌烦的人/事
1. [sing.] (informal) a boring person or thing; sth that is annoying
• 令人厌烦的人；乏味无聊的事:
 »He's such a drag.
  他真惹人讨厌。
 »Walking's a drag—let's drive there.
  步行太累了——咱们开车去吧。
 »Having to work late every day is a drag.
  每天都得晚下班可真讨厌。
›› SB / STH STOPPING PROGRESS 阻碍前进的人/事物
2. [sing.] a ~ on sb / sth (informal) a person or thing that makes progress difficult
• 累赘；拖累；绊脚石:
 »He came to be seen as a drag on his own party's prospects.
  他逐渐被看成是阻碍自己的党走向未来的绊脚石。
›› ON CIGARETTE 香烟
3. [C] (informal) an act of breathing in smoke from a cigarette, etc.
• 抽一口；吸一口
【SYN】 draw :
 »She took a long drag on her cigarette.
  她长长地抽了一大口烟。
›› WOMEN'S CLOTHES 女装
4. [U] (informal) clothes that are usually worn by the opposite sex (usually women's clothes worn by men)
• 异性服装(通常指男子穿的女装):
 »He performed in drag.
  他身着女装演出。
 »a drag queen (= a man who dresses in women's clothes, usually in order to entertain people)
  男扮女装者(通常以娱乐他人为目的)
›› PHYSICS 物理
5. [U] the force of the air that acts against the movement of an aircraft or other vehicle
• (作用于飞机或其他运载工具的)空气阻力
--› see also main drag
--› compare lift n. (5)
prac∙tical / ˈpræktikl /
◙ adj.
›› CONNECTED WITH REAL THINGS 真实
1. connected with real situations rather than with ideas or theories
• 实际的；真实的；客观存在的:
 »to have gained practical experience of the work
  获得实际工作经验
 »practical advice / help / support
  切实的忠告/帮助/支持
 »practical problems
  实际问题
 »There are some obvious practical applications of the research.
  这项研究有一些明显的实际用途。
 »In practical terms, it means spending less.
  具体点说,那意味着少花些钱。
 »From a practical point of view, it isn't a good place to live.
  实际一点看,这里不是理想的住处。
--› compare theoretical
›› LIKELY TO WORK 可行
2. (of an idea, a method or a course of action 想法、方法或行动) right or sensible; likely to be successful
• 切实可行的
【SYN】 workable :
 »It wouldn't be practical for us to go all that way just for the weekend.
  我们跑那么远只为了去度个周末实在很不切实际。
【OPP】 impractical
›› USEFUL 有用
3. (of things 东西) useful or suitable
• 有用的；适用的:
 »a practical little car, ideal for the city
  理想的城市实用小汽车
【OPP】 impractical
›› SENSIBLE 理智
4. (of a person 人) sensible and realistic
• 明智的；实事求是的:
 »Let's be practical and work out the cost first.
  咱们实际一点儿,先计算一下成本费用。
【OPP】 impractical
›› GOOD AT MAKING THINGS 长于制作
5. (of a person 人) good at making or repairing things
• 心灵手巧的；善于制作(或修补)的
【SYN】 handy :
 »Bob's very practical. He does all the odd jobs around the house.
  鲍勃心灵手巧,家里的零活他都包了。
›› ALMOST TOTAL 几乎全部
6. [only before noun] almost complete or total
• 几乎完全的；实际上的
【SYN】 virtual :
 »She married a practical stranger.
  她等于是嫁了个陌生人。
【IDIOMS】
◘ for (all) 'practical purposes
• used when you are stating what the reality of a situation is
• 事实上；其实:
 »There's still another two minutes of the game to go, but for practical purposes it's already over.
  比赛虽然还有十分钟,但实际上等于已经结束了。
◙ noun
• (BrE, informal) a lesson or an exam in science or technology in which students have to do or make things, not just read or write about them
• 实习课；实践课；实验考核
thus / ðʌs /
◙ adv. (formal)
1. in this way; like this
• 以此方式；如此；这样:
 »Many scholars have argued thus.
  许多学者都这样论证过。
 »The universities have expanded, thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.
  大学扩招了,这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育。
2. as a result of sth just mentioned
• 因此；从而；所以
【SYN】 hence , therefore :
 »He is the eldest son and thus heir to the title.
  他是长子,因此是这个封号的继承人。
 »We do not own the building. Thus, it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.
  我们不是这栋楼房的房主,因此不能对它进行大改动。
【IDIOMS】
--› see far adv.
type∙writer / ˈtaipraitə(r) /
◙ noun
• a machine that produces writing similar to print. It has keys that you press to make metal letters or signs hit a piece of paper through a strip of cloth covered with ink.
• 打字机
--› see also typist
ver∙sion / ˈvə:ʃn; -ʒn; NAme ˈvə:rʒn /
◙ noun
1. a form of sth that is slightly different from an earlier form or from other forms of the same thing
• 变体；变种；型式:
 »There are two versions of the game, a long one and a short one.
  这游戏有两个版本,一长一短。
 »the latest version of the software package
  软件包的最新版本
 »the de luxe / luxury version
  豪华型
--› see also beta version
2. a description of an event from the position of a particular person or group of people
• (从不同角度的)说法,描述:
 »She gave us her version of what had happened that day.
  她向我们描述了她认为那天发生的事情。
 »Their versions of how the accident happened conflict.
  他们对事故发生情况的说法相互矛盾。
--› note at report
3. a film / movie, play, piece of music, etc. that is based on a particular piece of work but is in a different form, style or language
• (电影、剧本、乐曲等的)版本,改编形式,改写本:
 »the film version of 'War and Peace'
  根据《战争与和平》改编的电影
 »The English version of the novel is due for publication next year.
  这部小说的英文译本预定明年出版发行。
--› see also Authorized Version , cover version