m3u3civ∙il∙iza∙tion (BrE also -isa∙tion) / ˌsivəlaiˈzeiʃn; NAmE -ləˈz- / ◙ noun 1. [U] a state of human society that is very developed and organized • 文明: »the technology of modern civilization 现代文明的技术 »The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and civilization. 维多利亚时代的人认为铁路带来了进步和文明。 2. [U, C] a society, its culture and its way of life during a particular period of time or in a particular part of the world • (特定时期和地区的)社会文明: »the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome 古希腊和古罗马的社会文明 »diseases that are common in Western civilization 西方文明社会的常见弊病 3. [U] all the people in the world and the societies they live in, considered as a whole • 文明世界；文明社会: »Environmental damage threatens the whole of civilization. 环境的破坏威胁着整个文明世界。 4. [U] (often humorous) a place that offers you the comfortable way of life of a modern society • 人类文明的生活: »It's good to be back in civilization after ten weeks in a tent! 在帐篷里住了两个星期后又回到人类文明的生活可真好呀！
lec∙ture / ˈlektʃə(r) / ◙ noun ~ (to sb) (on / about sth) 1. a talk that is given to a group of people to teach them about a particular subject, often as part of a university or college course • (通常指大学里的)讲座,讲课,演讲: »to deliver / give a lecture to first-year students 给一年级学生讲课 »to attend a series of lectures on Jane Austen 听关于简 · 奥斯汀的系列讲座 »a lecture room / hall 演讲室/厅 --› note atspeech 2. a long angry talk that sb gives to six person or a group of people because they have done sth wrong • (冗长的)教训,训斥,谴责: »I know I should stop smoking—don't give me a lecture about it. 我知道我该戒烟,别再教训我了。 ◙ verb 1. [V] ~ (in / on sth) to give a talk or a series of talks to a group of people on a subject, especially as a way of teaching in a university or college • (尤指在大学里)开讲座,讲授,讲课: »She lectures in Russian literature. 她讲授俄罗斯文学。 2. [VN] ~ sb (about / on sth) | ~ sb (about doing sth) to criticize sb or tell them how you think they should behave, especially when it is done in an annoying way • (尤指恼人地)指责,训斥,告诫: »He's always lecturing me about the way I dress. 他对我的衣着总是指手画脚的。
found / faund / ◙ verb [VN] 1. to start sth, such as an organization or an institution, especially by providing money • 创建,创办(组织或机构,尤指提供资金) 【SYN】establish: »to found a club / company 创办俱乐部/公司 »Her family founded the college in 1895. 她的家族于 1895 年创办了这所学院。 2. to be the first to start building and living in a town or country • 建立,兴建(城镇或国家): »The town was founded by English settlers in 1790. 这座城镇是英国移民于 1790 年建立的。 3. [usually passive] ~ sth (on sth) to base sth on sth • 把…基于；把…建立在: »Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。 --› see alsoill-founded,unfounded,well founded 4. (technical 术语) to melt metal and pour it into amould; to make objects using this process • 熔铸；铸造 --› see alsofindv.
BC (BrE) (USB.C.) / ˌbi: ˈsi: / ◙ abbr. • before Christ (used in the Christiancalendarto show a particular number of years before the year when Christ is believed to have been born) • 公元前(基督教会历法用): »in (the year) 2000 BC 在公元前 2000 年 »the third century BC 公元前三世纪 --› compareAD,AH,BCE,CERoman / ˈrəumən; NAme ˈrou- / ◙ adj. 1. connected with ancient Rome or the Roman Empire • 古罗马的；古罗马帝国的: »a Roman road / temple / villa 古罗马的公路/庙宇/别墅 »Roman Britain 古罗马统治下的不列颠 2. connected with the modern city of Rome • 罗马的；罗马城的 3. connected with the Roman Catholic Church • 天主教的 4. roman roman type is ordinary printing type which does not lean forward • 罗马体的；西文白正体的: »Definitions in this dictionary are printed in roman type. 这本词典里的释义是用罗马体印刷的。 --› compareitalic◙ noun 1. [C] a member of the ancient Romanrepublicor empire • 古罗马人 2. [C] a person from the modern city of Rome • (现代的)罗马人,罗马市民 3. roman [U] the ordinary style of printing that uses small letters that do not lean forward • 罗马体；西文白正体 --› compareitalics
【IDIOMS】
--› seeRomevol∙cano / vɔlˈkeinəu; NAme vɑ:lˈkeinou / ◙ noun (pl. -oes or -os) • a mountain with a large opening at the top through which gases andlava(= hot liquid rock) are forced out into the air, or have been in the past • 火山: »An active volcano may erupt at any time. 活火山会随时喷发。 »a dormant volcano (= six that is not active at present) 休眠火山 »an extinct volcano (= six that is no longer active) 死火山
ad / æd / ◙ noun (informal) =advertisement: »We put an ad in the local paper. 我们在当地报纸上登了一则广告。 »an ad for a new chocolate bar 新品种巧克力的广告 --› see alsobanner adAD (BrE) (NAmEA.D.) / ˌei ˈdi: / ◙ abbr. • used in the Christiancalendarto show a particular number of years since the year when Christ was believed to have been born (from Latin 'Anno Domini') • 公元(源自拉丁语 Anno Domini): »in (the year) AD 55 公元 55 年 »in 55 AD 公元 55 年 »in the fifth century AD 公元五世纪 --› compareAH,BC,BCE,CEerupt / iˈrʌpt / ◙ verb 1. when avolcanoerupts or burning rocks, smoke, etc. erupt or are erupted, the burning rocks, etc. are thrown out from thevolcano • (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出: ▪ [V] »The volcano could erupt at any time. 这座火山随时可能爆发。 »Ash began to erupt from the crater. 火山灰开始从火山口喷出。 ▪ [VN] »An immense volume of rocks and molten lava was erupted. 大量岩石和熔岩喷发出来。 --› note atexplode 2. [V] ~ (into sth) to start happening, suddenly and violently • 突然发生；爆发 SYN break out: »Violence erupted outside the embassy gates. 大使馆门外突然发生了暴乱。 »The unrest erupted into revolution. 动乱爆发为革命。 3. ~ (in / into sth) to suddenly express your feelings very strongly, especially by shouting loudly • 突然发出(尤指叫喊): ▪ [V] »My father just erupted into fury. 我父亲勃然大怒。 »When Davis scored for the third time the crowd erupted. 戴维斯第三次得分,观众欢声雷动。 ▪ [also V speech] 4. [V] (of spots, etc. 斑点等) to suddenly appear on your skin • 突然(在皮肤上)出现: »A rash had erupted all over his chest. 他的胸部突然出满疹子。 ♦ erup∙tion / iˈrʌpʃn / noun [C, U] : »a major volcanic eruption 火山大爆发 »an eruption of violent protest 暴力反抗的爆发 »skin rashes and eruptions 皮疹和疹子
lava / ˈlɑ:və / ◙ noun [U] 1. hot liquid rock that comes out of avolcano • (火山喷出的)熔岩,岩浆: »molten lava 熔化的火山岩浆 2. this type of rock when it has cooled and become hard • 火山岩
ASH / æʃ / ◙ abbr. • Action on Smoking and Health (an organization in the UK that tries to make people stop smoking by showing how dangerous it is) • 吸烟与健康行动组织,英国控烟组织(通过说明吸烟的危害性倡导戒烟)
ash / æʃ / ◙ noun 1. [U] the grey or black powder that is left after sth, especiallytobacco, wood or coal, has burnt • 灰；灰烬: »cigarette ash 香烟灰 »black volcanic ash 黑色火山灰 2. ashes [pl.] what is left after sth has been destroyed by burning • 灰烬；废墟: »The town was reduced to ashes in the fighting. 在战斗中这座城镇已化为灰烬。 »the glowing ashes of the campfire 营火剩下的灼热余烬 »(figurative) The party had risen, like a phoenix, from the ashes of electoral disaster. 该党像长生鸟一样,从选举惨败的灰烬中重新崛起。 3. ashes [pl.] the powder that is left after a dead person's body has beencremated(= burned) • 骨灰: »She wanted her ashes to be scattered at sea. 她希望自己的骨灰撒向大海。 4. [C, U] (also 'ash tree) a forest tree with greybark • 梣；白蜡树 --› see alsomountain ash 5. [U] the hard pale wood of the ash tree • 梣木 6. (technical 术语) the letter æ, used in Old English, and as aphoneticsymbol to represent the vowel sound in cat • *æ (古英语的一个字母,也为音标,表示如 cat 一词中的元音)
【IDIOMS】
--› seesackclothpour / pɔ:(r) / ◙ verb 1. [VN , usually +adv. / prep.] to make a liquid or other substance flow from a container in a continuous stream, especially by holding the container at an angle • 使(液体)连续流出；倾倒；倒出: »Pour the sauce over the pasta. 把酱汁浇在麪食上。 »Although I poured it carefully, I still managed to spill some. 尽管我倒这东西很小心,还是洒了一些。 2. [V +adv. / prep.] (of liquid, smoke, light, etc. 液体、烟、光等) to flow quickly in a continuous stream • 涌流；倾泻；喷发: »Tears poured down his cheeks. 眼泪顺着他的面颊簌簌地落下。 »Thick black smoke was pouring out of the roof. 黑色浓烟从屋顶滚滚冒出。 3. ~ (sth) (out) to serve a drink by letting it flow from a container into a cup or glass • 倒,斟(饮料): ▪ [VN] »Will you pour the coffee? 你来倒咖啡好吗？ »I was in the kitchen, pouring out drinks. 我在厨房里倒饮料。 ▪ [VN VNN] »I've poured a cup of tea for you. 我给你倒了一杯茶。 »I've poured you a cup of tea. 我倒了杯茶给你。 ▪ [V] »Shall I pour? 我来倒好吗？ 4. [V] when rain pours down or when it's pouring with rain, rain is falling heavily • (雨)倾盆而下；下大雨: »The rain continued to pour down. 大雨哗哗地下个不停。 »It's pouring outside. 外面下着瓢泼大雨。 »It's pouring with rain. 大雨滂沱。 5. [V +adv. / prep.] to come or go somewhere continuously in large numbers • 不断涌向(或涌现) 【SYN】flood: »Letters of complaint continue to pour in. 投诉信纷至沓来。 »Commuters came pouring out of the station. 通勤上班者涌出车站。
【IDIOMS】
◘ pour oil on troubled 'water(s) • to try to settle a disagreement or argument • 调解争端；排解纠纷 --› more atcoldadj.,heart,rainv.,scornn.
【PHR V】
◘ ˌpour sth 'into sth • to provide a large amount of money for sth • 向…投入大量金钱；大量投资于: »The government has poured millions into the education system. 政府在教育上已投资数百万。 ◘ ˌpour 'out • when feelings or sb's words pour out they are expressed, usually after they have been kept hidden for some time • (感情或说话)奔涌,迸发: »The whole story then came pouring out. 接着,事情的来龙去脉被和盘端出。 ◘ ˌpour sth∽'out • to express your feelings or give an account of sth, especially after keeping them or it secret or hidden • 毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等)；表露无遗；畅所欲言: »She poured out her troubles to me over a cup of coffee. 她一面喝着咖啡,一面向我倾吐着她的烦恼。 --› related nounoutpouringun∙for∙tu∙nate / ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənət; NAme -ˈfɔ:rtʃ- / ◙ adj. 1. having bad luck; caused by bad luck • 不幸的；倒霉的 【SYN】unlucky: »He was unfortunate to lose in the final round. 他不幸在最后一轮输了。 »It was an unfortunate accident. 那是一次不幸的事故。 【OPP】fortunate 2. (formal) if you say that a situation is unfortunate, you wish that it had not happened or that it had been different • 令人遗憾的；可惜的 【SYN】regrettable: »She described the decision as 'unfortunate'. 她把这项决定说成是"令人遗憾"。 »It was unfortunate that he couldn't speak English. 可惜他不会讲英语。 »You're putting me in a most unfortunate position. 你正在把我推入十分可悲的处境。 3. embarrassing and / or offensive • 令人尴尬的；不适当的；得罪人的: »It was an unfortunate choice of words. 那是一种不恰当的措辞。 ◙ noun • (literary) a person who does not have much luck, money, etc. • 不幸的人: »one of life's unfortunates 人生中的不幸者之一
MUD / mʌd / ◙ noun • (computing 计) a computer game played over the Internet by several players at the same time (the abbreviation for 'multi-user dungeon / dimension') • 泥巴游戏,多用户网络游戏(全写为 multi-user dungeon / dimension)
mud / mʌd / ◙ noun [U] • wet earth that is soft and sticky • 泥；淤泥；泥浆: »The car wheels got stuck in the mud. 汽车轮子陷到泥里去了。 »Your boots are covered in mud. 你的靴子上都是泥。 »mud bricks / huts (= made of dried mud) 泥砖；土坯屋 --› note atsoil
【IDIOMS】
◘ fling, sling, etc. 'mud (at sb) • to criticize sb or accuse sb of bad or shocking things in order to damage their reputation, especially in politics • (尤指政治上)故意抹黑,向…泼污水,污蔑 --› see alsomud-slinging ◘ ˌmud 'sticks •(saying) people remember and believe the bad things they hear about other people, even if they are later shown to be false • 恶事如泥巴,沾身洗不清；烂泥沾身洗不清 --› more atclearadj.,namen.
dec∙or∙ate / ˈdekəreit / ◙ verb 1. [VN] ~ sth (with sth) to make sth look more attractive by putting things on it • 装饰；装潢: »They decorated the room with flowers and balloons. 他们用花和气球装饰了房间。 »The cake was decorated to look like a car. 这蛋糕装饰得像一辆汽车。 2. (especially BrE) to put paint,wallpaper, etc. on the walls and ceilings of a room or house • 粉刷；油漆；糊墙纸: ▪ [V] »I hate decorating. 我讨厌粉刷墙壁。 »He has his own painting and decorating business. 他经营自己的油漆和粉刷墙壁生意。 ▪ [VN] »We need to decorate the sitting room. 我们需要将客厅粉刷一下。 »The sitting room needs decorating. 客厅需要粉刷。 3. [VN] to be placed on sth in order to make it look more attractive • 点缀；装点 【SYN】adorn: »Photographs of actors decorated the walls of the restaurant. 演员的照片装点着餐馆的墙壁。 4. [VN] [usually passive] ~ sb (for sth) to give sb amedalas a sign of respect for sth they have done • 授给(某人)勳章(或奖章)
flee / fli: / ◙ verb • (fled, fled / fled / ) əno passive] ~ (from) sb / sth | ~ (to... / into...) to leave a person or place very quickly, especially because you are afraid of possible danger • 迅速离开；(尤指害怕有危险而)逃避,逃跑: ▪ [V] »a camp for refugees fleeing from the war 收留战争难民的难民营 »He fled to London after an argument with his family. 他与家人争吵以后离家去了伦敦。 »She burst into tears and fled. 她突然哭了起来,跑开了。 ▪ [VN] »He was caught trying to flee the country. 他企图逃离该国时被抓住了。 --› compareflyv. (13)
dis∙as∙ter / diˈzɑ:stə(r); NAmE -ˈzæs- / ◙ noun 1. [C] an unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire, that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage • 灾难；灾祸；灾害 【SYN】catastrophe: »an air disaster 空难 »environmental disasters 环境灾难 »Thousands died in the disaster. 数千人在这场灾祸中丧生。 »a natural disaster (= six that is caused by nature) 自然灾害 2. [C, U] a very bad situation that causes problems • 不幸；祸患: »Losing your job doesn't have to be such a disaster. 丢了工作不一定就是大难临头。 »Disaster struck when the wheel came off. 车轮脱落,灾难就来了。 »financial disaster 严重的财政危机 »Letting her organize the party is a recipe for disaster (= something that is likely to go badly wrong). 让她来组织这次聚会非坏事不可。 3. [C, U] (informal) a complete failure • 彻底失败的人(或事): »As a teacher, he's a disaster. 他当老师压根儿就不称职。 »The play's first night was a total disaster. 这出戏头一晚就彻底演砸了。
【IDIOMS】
--› seewaitv.
des∙troy / diˈstrɔi / ◙ verb [VN] 1. to damage sth so badly that it no longer exists, works, etc. • 摧毁；毁灭；破坏: »The building was completely destroyed by fire. 这栋建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。 »They've destroyed all the evidence. 他们销毁了一切证据。 »Heat gradually destroys vitamin C. 加热会逐渐破坏维生素 C。 »You have destroyed my hopes of happiness. 你毁掉了我得到幸福的希望。 »Failure was slowly destroying him (= making him less and less confident and happy). 失败渐渐地把他毁了。 2. to kill an animal deliberately, usually because it is sick or not wanted • (因动物有病或不再需要而)杀死,消灭,人道毁灭: »The injured horse had to be destroyed. 这匹马受了伤,只好送它回老家了。 --› see alsosoul-destroying
com∙mer∙cial / kəˈmə:ʃl; NAmE kəˈmə:rʃl / ◙ adj. 1. [usually before noun] connected with the buying and selling of goods and services • 贸易的；商业的: »the commercial heart of the city 城市的商业中心 »a commercial vehicle (= one that is used for carrying goods or passengers who pay) 商用车辆 »commercial baby foods 市面上的婴儿食品 »the first commercial flights across the Atlantic 头几次横跨大西洋的商业飞行 --› note ateconomic 2. [only before noun] making or intended to make a profit • 营利的；以获利为目的的: »The movie was not a commercial success (= did not make money). 这部电影票房收入不佳。 --› note atsuccessful 3. (disapproving) more concerned with profit and being popular than with quality • 偏重利润和声望的；商业化的: »Their more recent music is far too commercial. 他们最近的音乐过分商业化了。 4. (of television or radio 电视或电台) paid for by the money charged for broadcasting advertisements • 由广告收入支付的；商业性的: »a commercial radio station / TV channel 商业电台/电视频道 ♦ com∙mer∙cial∙ly / -ʃəli / adv.: »commercially produced / grown / developed 商业化生产的/种植的/开发的 »The product is not yet commercially available. 这种产品还没有上市。 »His invention was not commercially successful. 他的发明从营利角度看并不成功。 ◙ noun • an advertisement on the radio or on television • (电台或电视播放的)广告 --› note atadwealthy / ˈwelθi / ◙ adj. (wealth∙ier, wealthi∙est) 1. having a lot of money, possessions, etc. • 富有的；富裕的；富饶的 【SYN】rich: »a wealthy nation 富国 »The couple are said to be fabulously wealthy. 据说这对夫妇家财万贯。 »They live in a wealthy suburb of Chicago. 他们住在芝加哥郊区的一处富人区。 --› note atrich 2. the wealthy noun [pl.] people who are rich • 富人；有钱人；阔人
grad∙ual∙ly / ˈɡrædʒuəli / ◙ adv. • slowly, over a long period of time • 逐渐地；逐步地；渐进地: »The weather gradually improved. 天气逐渐好转。 »Gradually, the children began to understand. 孩子们渐渐开始明白。
sand∙storm / ˈsændstɔ:m; NAme -stɔ:rm / ◙ noun • a storm in a desert in which sand is blown into the air by strong winds • 沙暴
scholar / ˈskɔlə(r); NAme ˈskɑ:l- / ◙ noun 1. a person who knows a lot about a particular subject because they have studied it in detail • 学者: »a classical scholar 研究拉丁文与希腊文的学者 »He was the most distinguished scholar in his field. 他是这一领域成就最为卓着的学者。 2. a student who has been given ascholarshipto study at a school, college or university • 奖学金获得者: »a Rhodes scholar 罗得斯奖学金获得者 3. (BrE, informal) a clever person who works hard at school • 聪颖勤奋的学生: »I was never much of a scholar. 我从来不是那种用功的好学生。
cul∙tural / ˈkʌltʃərəl / ◙ adj. [usually before noun] 1. connected with the culture of a particular society or group, its customs, beliefs, etc. • 与文化有关的；文化的: »cultural differences between the ten communities 这两种社会之间的文化差异 »economic, social and cultural factors 经济、社会和文化因素 2. connected with art, literature, music, etc. • 与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的: »a cultural event 文化活动 »Europe's cultural heritage 欧洲的文化遗产 »The orchestra is very important for the cultural life of the city. 管弦乐队对这座城市的文化生活而言非常重要。 ♦ cul∙tur∙al∙ly / -rəli / adv.in∙sti∙tute / ˈinstitju:t; NAme -tu:t / ◙ noun • an organization that has a particular purpose, especially six that is connected with education or a particular profession; the building used by this organization • (教育、专业等)机构,机构建筑: »a research institute 研究所 »the Institute of Chartered Accountants (英国皇家)特许会计师协会 »institutes of higher education 高等学校 ◙ verb [VN] • (formal) to introduce a system, policy, etc. or start a process • 建立,制订(体系、政策等)；开始；实行: »to institute criminal proceedings against sb 对某人提起刑事诉讼 »The new management intends to institute a number of changes. 新任管理部门打算实行一些改革。
ruin / ˈru:in / ◙ verb [VN] 1. to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.; to spoil sth • 毁坏；破坏；糟蹋 【SYN】wreck: »The bad weather ruined our trip. 天气恶劣,破坏了我们的旅行。 »That six mistake ruined his chances of getting the job. 正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。 »My new shoes got ruined in the mud. 我的新鞋被泥浆给糟蹋了。 2. to make sb / sth lose all their money, their position, etc. • 使破产(或失去地位等)；毁灭: »If she loses the court case it will ruin her. 如果败诉,她就完了。 »The country was ruined by the war. 这个国家因战争而遭到严重破坏。 ◙ noun 1. [U] the state or process of being destroyed or severely damaged • 毁坏；破坏；毁灭: »A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution. 革命过后,许多教堂都毁了。 2. [U] the fact of having no money, of having lost your job, position, etc. • 破产；一无所有；失去工作(或地位等): »The divorce ultimately led to his ruin. 离婚最终使得他一贫如洗。 »The bank stepped in to save the company from financial ruin. 银行的介入使这家公司免于经济崩溃。 3. [sing.] something that causes a person, company, etc. to lose all their money, job, position, etc. • 破产(或丢掉工作等)的根源；祸根 【SYN】downfall: »Gambling was his ruin. 赌博毁了他。 4. [C] (also ruins [pl.]) the parts of a building that remain after it has been destroyed or severely damaged • 残垣断壁；废墟: »The old mill is now little more than a ruin. 老磨坊现在只剩下一点残垣断壁了。 »We visited the ruins of a Norman castle. 我们参观了一座诺曼式城堡的遗迹。 »(figurative) He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career. 他决心从事业失败中爬起来,重新开始新的生活。
【IDIOMS】
◘ in 'ruins • destroyed or severely damaged • 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪: »Years of fighting have left the area in ruins. 经年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。 »The scandal left his reputation in ruins. 这件丑闻使他身败名裂。 --› more atrackn.
re∙mains / riˈmeinz / ◙ noun [pl.] 1. ~ (of sth) the parts of sth that are left after the other parts have been used, eaten, removed, etc. • 剩余物；残留物；剩饭菜: »She fed the remains of her lunch to the dog. 她把剩下的午饭喂狗了。 2. the parts of ancient objects and buildings that have survived and are discovered in the present day • 古代遗物；古迹；遗迹；遗址: »prehistoric remains 史前遗迹 »the remains of a Roman fort 罗马要塞的遗址 3. (formal) the body of a dead person or animal • 遗体；遗骸: »They had discovered human remains. 他们发现过人的遗骸。
be∙neath / biˈni:θ / ◙ prep. (formal) 1. in or to a lower position than sb / sth; under sb / sth • 在(或往)…下面；在(或往)…下方: »They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves. 他们发现尸体被埋在一堆树叶下面。 »The boat sank beneath the waves. 小船被大浪吞没了。 2. not good enough for sb • (对某人来说)不够好: »He considers such jobs beneath him. 他觉得这种工作有失他的身分。 »They thought she had married beneath her (= married a man of lower social status). 他们认为她下嫁了(嫁给了地位比她低的人)。 ♦ be∙neath adv.: »Her careful make-up hid the signs of age beneath. 她细腻的化妆掩盖了她年龄的痕迹。
pot / pɔt; NAme pɑ:t / ◙ noun ›› FOR COOKING 烹饪 1. [C] a deep round container used for cooking things in • 锅: »pots and pans 锅碗瓢盆 ›› CONTAINER 容器 2. [C] (especially BrE) a container made of glass,clayor plastic, used for storing food in • (盛食品的)罐,瓶,壶: »a pot of jam 一罐果酱 »a yogurt pot 酸奶瓶 3. [C] (especially in compounds 尤用于构成复合词) a container of various kinds, made for a particular purpose • (某种用途的)容器: »a coffee pot 咖啡壶 »a pepper pot 胡椒瓶 »a teapot 茶壶 »Is there any more tea in the pot? 茶壶里还有茶吗？ --› see alsochamber pot,chimney pot,flowerpot,lobster pot,melting pot,potted 4. [C] the amount contained in a pot • 一罐,一瓶,一壶(的量): »They drank a pot of coffee. 他们喝了一壶咖啡。 5. [C] a bowl, etc. that is made by apotter • 陶盆；陶罐；碗 ›› MONEY 钱 6. the pot [sing.] (especially NAmE) the total amount of money that is bet in a card game • (一局纸牌游戏的)赌注总额,全部赌注 7. the pot [sing.] (especially NAmE) all the money given by a group of people in order to do sth together, for example to buy food • 凑集的资金；凑合的钱 --› see alsokitty ›› DRUG 毒品 8. [U] (informal) =marijuana: »pot smoking 吸大麻 ›› SHOT 发射 9. [C] =potshot: »He took a pot at the neighbour's cat with his air rifle. 他用气枪向邻居的猫打了一枪。 ›› IN BILLIARDS, ETC. 枱球等 10. [C] (in the game ofbilliards,poolorsnooker 枱球、普尔或斯诺克) the act of hitting a ball into one of the pockets around the edge of the table • 击球入袋 ›› STOMACH 胃 11. [C] (informal) =pot belly at pot-bellied
【IDIOMS】
◘ go to 'pot •(informal) to be spoiled because people are not working hard or taking care of things • 荒废；荒疏；疏懒 ◘ the pot calling the kettle 'black • (saying, informal) used to say that you should not criticize sb for a fault that you have yourself • 锅笑壶黑；五十步笑百步；乌鸦说猪黑 ◘ ˌpot 'luck • when you take pot luck, you choose sth or go somewhere without knowing very much about it, but hope that it will be good, pleasant, etc. • 碰运气；撞大运；随遇而安: »It's pot luck whether you get good advice or not. 能不能得到好的指点那就全靠运气了。 »You're welcome to stay to supper, but you'll have to take pot luck (= eat whatever is available). 欢迎你留下来吃晚饭,不过你得有什么就吃什么了。 --› see alsopotluck ◘ 'pots of money (BrE, informal) • a very large amount of money • 大笔的金钱；巨额款项 --› more atgoldn.,melting pot,quart,watchv. ◙ verb (-tt-) ▪ [VN] ›› PLANT 植物 1. to put a plant into aflowerpotfilled with soil • 把…栽入盆中；种盆栽 ›› IN BILLIARDS, ETC. 枱球等 2. (in the games ofbilliards,poolandsnooker 枱球、普尔和斯诺克) to hit a ball into one of the pockets (= holes at the corners and edges of the table) • 击(球)入袋 【SYN】pocket: »He potted the black to take a 7–3 lead. 他把黑球击入袋中,以 7:3 领先。 ›› SHOOT 射击 3. to kill an animal or a bird by shooting it • 射杀,射猎(飞禽或走兽) --› see alsopotted(1)
ma∙ter∙ial / məˈtiəriəl; NAme -ˈtir- / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] cloth used for making clothes, curtains, etc. 【SYN】fabric • 布料: »a piece of material 一块布料 »'What material is this dress made of?' 'Cotton.' "这件连衣裙是用什么料子做的？" "棉布。" 2. [C, U] a substance that things can be made from • 材料；原料: »building materials (= bricks, sand, glass, etc.) 建筑材料 --› see alsoraw material 3. [C, usually pl., U] things that are needed in order to do a particular activity • (某一活动所需的)材料: »teaching materials 教材 »The company produces its own training material. 公司自行编写培训教材。 »(figurative) The teacher saw her as good university material (= good enough to go to university). 老师认为她是块上大学的料。 --› note atequipment 4. [U] information or ideas used in books, etc. • 素材；用以创作的材料(或构想): »She's collecting material for her latest novel. 她在为其最新的小说收集素材。 5. [U] items used in a performance • 节目；曲目；剧目: »The band played all new material at the gig. 在爵士音乐会上,乐队演奏的都是新曲目。 ◙ adj. 1. [only before noun] connected with money, possessions, etc. rather than with the needs of the mind or spirit • 物质的,实际的(非精神需求的): »material comforts 物质享受 »changes in your material circumstances 物质环境的改变 【OPP】spiritual 2. [only before noun] connected with the physical world rather than with the mind or spirit • 物质的；客观存在的: »the material world 物质世界 【OPP】immaterial(1) 3. ~ (to sth) (formal or law 律) important and needing to be considered • 重要的；必要的: »material evidence 重要的证据 »She omitted information that was material to the case. 她遗漏了重要的论据。 --› see alsoimmaterial(1) ♦ ma∙teri∙ally / -iəli / adv.: »Materially they are no better off. 他们的物质生活并没有改善。 »Their comments have not materially affected our plans (= in a noticeable or important way). 他们的评价并没有对我们的计划产生多么重要的影响。
docu∙ment ◙ noun / ˈdɔkjumənt; NAmE ˈdɑ:k- / 1. an official paper or book that gives information about sth, or that can be used as evidence or proof of sth • 文件；公文；文献；证件: »legal documents 法律文件 »travel documents 旅行证件 »Copies of the relevant documents must be filed at court. 有关文件副本必须送交法院备案。 »One of the documents leaked to the press was a memorandum written by the head of the security police. 透露给报界的文件中有一份是秘密警察局长写的备忘录。 2. a computer file that contains text that has a name that identifies it • (计算机)文档,文件: »Save the document before closing. 在关闭文档前存盘。 ◙ verb / ˈdɔkjument; NAmE ˈdɑ:k- / ▪ əʒŋ] 1. to record the details of sth • 记录,记载(详情): »Causes of the disease have been well documented. 这种疾病的起因已有完备的记载。 2. to prove or support sth with documents • 用文件证明(或证实): »documented evidence 有文件证明的证据
work∙shop / ˈwə:kʃɔp; NAme ˈwə:rkʃɑ:p / ◙ noun 1. a room or building in which things are made or repaired using tools or machinery • 车间；工场；作坊 --› note atfactory 2. a period of discussion and practical work on a particular subject, in which a group of people share their knowledge and experience • 研讨会；讲习班: »a drama workshop 戏剧研讨班 »a poetry workshop 诗歌讲习班
ex∙plode / ikˈspləud; NAmE ikˈsploud / ◙ verb ›› BURST VIOLENTLY 爆炸 1. to burst or make sth burst loudly and violently, causing damage • 爆炸；爆破；爆裂 【SYN】blow up: ▪ [V] »Bombs were exploding all around the city. 城里到处都响起炸弹的爆炸声。 ▪ [VN] »There was a huge bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside. 突然一声巨响,彷佛有人在外面引爆了火箭似的。 »Bomb disposal experts exploded the device under controlled conditions. 炸弹销毁专家在受控条件下引爆了这个装置。 --› compareimplode(1) ›› GET ANGRY / DANGEROUS 变得愤怒/危急 2. ~ (into / with sth) (of a person or situation 人或形势) to suddenly become very angry or dangerous • 勃然(大怒)；大发(雷霆)；突然发生(危险): ▪ [V] »Suddenly Charles exploded with rage. 查尔斯勃然大怒。 »The protest exploded into a riot. 抗议爆发成一场暴乱。 ▪ [V speech] »'Of course there's something wrong!' Jem exploded. "当然是出了毛病！"杰姆大发雷霆道。 ›› EXPRESS EMOTION 表达感情 3. [V] ~ (into / with sth) to suddenly express an emotion • 突然爆发,迸发(感情): »We all exploded into wild laughter. 我们都一下子大笑起来。 ›› MOVE SUDDENLY 突然行动 4. [V] ~ (into sth) to suddenly and quickly do sth; to move suddenly with a lot of force • 突然做起…来；突然活跃起来: »After ten minutes the game exploded into life. 比赛在十分钟后突然激烈起来。 ›› MAKE LOUD NOISE 发出巨响 5. [V] to make a sudden very loud noise • 突然发出巨响: »Thunder exploded overhead. 雷声在头顶上炸开。 ›› INCREASE QUICKLY 激增 6. [V] to increase suddenly and very quickly in number • 突增；激增: »the exploding world population 迅猛增长的世界人口 ›› SHOW STH IS NOT TRUE 推翻 7. [VN] to show that sth is not true, especially sth that people believe • 推翻；驳倒；揭示；破除: »At last, a women's magazine to explode the myth that thin equals beautiful. 终于有一家妇女杂志起来推翻瘦即美的神话。
near∙by / ˌniəˈbai; NAme ˌnirˈbai / ◙ adj. [usually before noun] • near in position; not far away • 附近的；邻近的: »Her mother lived in a nearby town. 她母亲住在附近一个小镇上。 »There were complaints from nearby residents. 附近的居民有些怨言。 ◙ adv. • a short distance from sb / sth; not far away • 在附近；不远: »They live nearby. 他们住在附近。 »The car is parked nearby. 车就停在附近。
ex∙treme / ikˈstri:m / ◙ adj. 1. [usually before noun] very great in degree • 极度的；极大的: »We are working under extreme pressure at the moment. 目前我们正在极大的压力下工作。 »people living in extreme poverty 生活在极度贫困中的人 »The heat in the desert was extreme. 沙漠中极其炎热。 2. not ordinary or usual; serious or severe • 异乎寻常的；严重的；严厉的: »Children will be removed from their parents only in extreme circumstances. 只有在极端情况下才会让孩子离开父母。 »Don't go doing anything extreme like leaving the country. 千万不要做出诸如离开国家之类的极端行为。 »It was the most extreme example of cruelty to animals I had ever seen. 这是我见过的最严重的虐待动物的事例。 »extreme weather conditions 极端恶劣的天气状况 3. (of people, political organizations, opinions, etc. 人、政治组织、意见等) far from what most people consider to be normal, reasonable or acceptable • 极端的；偏激的；过分的 【OPP】moderate: »extreme left-wing / right-wing views 极左/极右观点 4. [only before noun] as far as possible from the centre, the beginning or in the direction mentioned • 远离中心的；末端的；尽头的: »Kerry is in the extreme west of Ireland. 凯里位于爱尔兰的最西端。 »She sat on the extreme edge of her seat. 她坐在座位最边上。 ◙ noun 1. a feeling, situation, way of behaving, etc. that is as different as possible from another or is opposite to it • 极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等)；完全相反的事物: »extremes of love and hate 爱和恨两种截然不同的感情 »He used to be very shy, but now he's gone to the opposite extreme (= changed from six extreme kind of behaviour to another). 他以前很腼腆,现在却走向了另一个极端。 2. the greatest or highest degree of sth • 极端；极度；极限: »extremes of cold, wind or rain 严寒、狂风、骤雨
【IDIOMS】
◘ go, etc. to ex'tremes | ◘ take sth to ex'tremes • to act or be forced to act in a way that is far from normal or reasonable • 走极端；被迫采取极端行为: »It's embarrassing the extremes he'll go to in order to impress his boss. 他为了给上司留下深刻印象,不惜走极端,真令人难堪。 »Taken to extremes, this kind of behaviour can be dangerous. 这种行为如果走向极端则可能是非常危险的。 ◘ in the ex'treme •(formal) to a great degree • 极度；极端；非常: »The journey would be dangerous in the extreme. 这段旅程将会是极其危险的。
com∙plain / kəmˈplein / ◙ verb • ~ (to sb) (about / of sth) to say that you are annoyed, unhappy or not satisfied about sb / sth • 抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚: ▪ [V] »I'm going to complain to the manager about this. 我要就这件事向经理投诉。 »She never complains, but she's obviously exhausted. 她虽然从不抱怨,但显然已疲惫不堪。 »The defendant complained of intimidation during the investigation. 被告申诉在调查期间受到了恐吓。 »(informal) 'How are you?' 'Oh, I can't complain (= I'm all right).' "你好吗？" "啊,没得抱怨的。" ▪ [V (that)] »He complained bitterly that he had been unfairly treated. 他愤懑地诉说他所受到的不公平待遇。 ▪ [V speech] »'It's not fair,' she complained. "这不公平。"她抱怨道。
【PHR V】
◘ com'plain of sth • to say that you feel ill / sick or are suffering from a pain • 诉说(病情或痛苦): »She left early, complaining of a headache. 她说自己头疼,很早就离开了。
bone / bəun; NAmE boun / ◙ noun 1. [C] any of the hard parts that form theskeletonof the body of a human or an animal • 骨头；骨: »He survived the accident with no broken bones. 他在事故中幸免于难,没有骨折。 »This fish has a lot of bones in it. 这种鱼多刺。 2. [U] the hard substance that bones are made of • 骨质: »knives with bone handles 有骨质手把的刀子 3. -boned (in adjectives 构成形容词) having bones of the type mentioned • 有…样的骨头的: »fine-boned 骨质细密的
【IDIOMS】
◘ a bone of con'tention • a subject which causes disagreement and arguments between people • 争执所在 ◘ close to the 'bone (BrE, informal) (of a remark, joke, story, etc. 话语、玩笑、故事等) • so honest or clearly expressed that it is likely to cause offence to some people • 过于直率 ◘ cut, pare, etc. sth to the 'bone • to reduce sth, such as costs, as much as you possibly can • 尽量削减(开支等) ◘ have a 'bone to pick with sb •(informal) to be angry with sb about sth and want to discuss it with them • 对某人生气,想与之解决；有理由反对(或恼恨)某人 ◘ make no bones about (doing) sth • to be honest and open about sth; to not hesitate to do sth • 开诚布公；坦率直言: »She made no bones about telling him exactly what she thought of him. 她毫无保留地把对他的看法照直告诉了他。 ◘ not have a... bone in your body • to have none of the quality mentioned • 毫无…的素质: »She was honest and hard-working, and didn't have an unkind bone in her body. 她诚实勤劳,身上没有一点儿不好的气质。 ◘ throw sb a 'bone • to give sb a small part of what they want as a way of showing that you want to help them, without offering them the main thing they want • 施以小惠(以示助人,却不满足主要的要求)；丢给某人一块骨头 ◘ to the 'bone • affecting you very strongly • 影响极强地；深刻地: »His threats chilled her to the bone. 他的威胁使她不寒而栗。 --› more atbagn.,bareadj.,feelv.,fingern.,fleshn.,skinn. ◙ verb [VN] • to take the bones out of fish or meat • 挑鱼刺；剔骨头
【PHR V】
◘ ˌbone 'up on sth (informal) • to try to learn about sth or to remind yourself of what you already know about it • 钻研学习；复习: »She had boned up on the city's history before the visit. 她在访问前对这座城市的历史先研究了一番。 wood∙en / ˈwudn / ◙ adj. 1. [usually before noun] made of wood • 木制的；木头的: »a wooden box 木箱 2. not showing enough natural expression, emotion or movement • 木头似的；死板的；呆板的；木讷的 【SYN】stiff: »The actor playing the father was too wooden. 饰演父亲的演员太呆板。 ♦ wood∙en∙ly adv.: »She speaks her lines very woodenly. 她台词念得毫无表情。 ♦ wood∙en∙ness noun [U] lea∙ther / ˈleðə(r) / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] material made by removing the hair or fur from animal skins and preserving the skins using special processes • 皮革: »a leather jacket 皮夹克 »The soles are made of leather. 鞋底是皮革做的。 »a leather-bound book 皮面装帧的书 2. leathers [pl.] clothes made from leather, especially those worn by people riding motorcycles • (尤指骑摩托车人穿的)皮衣,皮外套 --› see alsochamois(2),patent leather
【IDIOMS】
--› seehellhis∙tor∙ic∙al / hiˈstɔrikl; NAme -ˈstɔ:r-; -ˈstɑ:r- / ◙ adj. [usually before noun] 1. connected with the past • (有关)历史的: »the historical background to the war 这次战争的历史背景 »You must place these events in their historical context. 必须把这些事件同它们的历史环境联系起来看。 2. connected with the study of history • 有关历史研究的；历史学的: »historical documents / records / research 史学文献/档案/研究 »The building is of historical importance. 这栋建筑有重要的历史研究价值。 3. (of a book, film / movie, etc. 书籍、电影等) about people and events in the past • 历史题材的: »a historical novel 历史小说
【HELP】Some speakers do not pronounce the 'h' at the beginning of historical and use 'an' instead of 'a' before it. This now sounds old-fashioned. • 有人说 historical 时不发 h 音,前面用 an 而不用 a,现在听起来过时了。
♦ his∙tor∙ic∙al∙ly / -kli / adv.: »The book is historically inaccurate. 这本书与史实不符。 »Historically, there has always been a great deal of rivalry between the ten families. 这两个家族世世代代对立斗争。
so∙lu∙tion / səˈlu:ʃn / ◙ noun 1. [C] ~ (to sth) a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation • 解决办法；处理手段 【SYN】answer: »Attempts to find a solution have failed. 试图找到解决办法的种种努力全都失败了。 »There's no simple solution to this problem. 这个问题没有简单的解决办法。 »Do you have a better solution? 你有更好的解决办法吗？ 2. [C] ~ (to sth) an answer to apuzzleor to a problem in mathematics • 答案；解；谜底: »The solution to last week's quiz is on page 81. 上星期测验的答案在第 81 页。 3. [C, U] a liquid in which sth is dissolved • 溶液: »an alkaline solution 硷溶液 »saline solution 盐溶液 4. [U] the process of dissolving a solid or gas in a liquid • 溶解(过程): »the solution of glucose in water 葡萄糖在水中的溶解
ex∙pres∙sion / ikˈspreʃn / ◙ noun ›› SHOWING FEELINGS / IDEAS 表达感情/思想 1. [U, C] things that people say, write or do in order to show their feelings, opinions and ideas • 表示；表达；表露: »an expression of support 表示支持 »Expressions of sympathy flooded in from all over the country. 同情之意潮水般地从全国各地涌来。 »Freedom of expression (= freedom to say what you think) is a basic human right. 言论自由是基本的人权。 »(formal) The poet's anger finds expression in (= is shown in) the last verse of the poem. 诗人的愤怒在诗的最后一节表达出来。 »Only in his dreams does he give expression to his fears. 他只有在梦中表现出恐惧。 ›› ON FACE 脸上 2. [C] a look on a person's face that shows their thoughts or feelings • 表情；神色 【SYN】look: »There was a worried expression on her face. 她脸上流露出担心的神色。 »an expression of amazement / disbelief / horror 惊讶/不相信/恐怖的神色 »His expression changed from surprise to one of amusement. 他的神情由惊变喜。 »The expression in her eyes told me something was wrong. 她的眼神告诉我出事了。 »facial expressions 面部表情 ›› WORDS 词语 3. [C] a word or phrase • 词语；措辞；表达方式: »an old-fashioned expression 陈旧的表达方式 »(informal) He's a pain in the butt, if you'll pardon the expression. 请原谅我这么说,他是一个讨厌透顶的家伙。 --› note atword ›› IN MUSIC / ACTING 音乐；表演 4. [U] a strong show of feeling when you are playing music, speaking, acting, etc. • (演奏乐曲、说话、表演等时流露的)感情,表情: »Try to put a little more expression into it! 尽量注入更多的感情！ ›› MATHEMATICS 数学 5. [C] a group of signs that represent an idea or a quantity • 式；表达式
audi∙ence / ˈɔ:diəns / ◙ noun 1. [C + sing. / pl. v.] the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to sth (a play, concert, sb speaking, etc.) • (戏剧、音乐会或演讲等的)观众,听众: »The audience was / were clapping for 10 minutes. 观众鼓掌 10 分钟。 »an audience of 10 000 * 1 万名观众 »The debate was televised in front of a live audience. 这场辩论当着现场观众的面进行电视转播。 2. [C] a number of people or a particular group of people who watch, read or listen to the same thing • (同一事物的)观众,读者,听众: »An audience of millions watched the wedding on TV. 几百万观众在电视上观看了婚礼。 »TV / cinema / movie audiences 电视/电影院/电影观众 »His book reached an even wider audience when it was made into a movie. 他的书被搬上银幕后赢得了更广大的观众。 »The target audience for this advertisement was mainly teenagers. 这个广告的对象主要是十几岁的青少年观众。 --› note atwitness 3. [C] a formal meeting with an important person • (与要人的)会见；觐见；进见: »an audience with the Pope 觐见教宗 --› note atinterviewcave / keiv / ◙ noun • a large hole in the side of a hill or under the ground • 山洞；洞穴: »the mouth (= the entrance) of the cave 洞口 »a cave-dweller (= a person who lives in acave) 穴居人 ◙ verb 【PHR V】 ◘ ˌcave 'in (on sb / sth) (of a roof, wall, etc. 房顶、墙等) • to fall down and towards the centre • 塌落；塌陷；坍塌: »The ceiling suddenly caved in on top of them. 天花板突然塌落在他们身上。 --› related nouncave-in ◘ ˌcave 'in (to sth) • to finally do what sb wants after you have been strongly opposing them • 让步；屈服；屈从: »The President is unlikely to cave in to demands for a public inquiry. 总统未必会同意进行公开调查。 --› see alsocavingcere∙mony / ˈserəməni; NAmE -mouni / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) 1. [C] a public or religious occasion that includes a series of formal or traditional actions • 典礼；仪式: »an awards / opening ceremony 颁奖/开幕仪式 »a wedding / marriage ceremony 婚礼 2. [U] formal behaviour; traditional actions and words used on particular formal occasions • 礼节；礼仪；礼貌
【IDIOMS】
◘ stand on 'ceremony (BrE) • to behave formally • 讲究客套；拘于礼节: »Please don't stand on ceremony (= Please be natural and relaxed) with me. 请别跟我讲客套。 ◘ without 'ceremony • in a very rough or informal way • 粗鲁无礼；不拘礼节；随便: »He found himself pushed without ceremony out of the house and the door slammed in his face. 他被毫不客气地推出了屋子,门砰地一声当着他的面关上了。 --› see alsomaster of ceremoniesre∙pub∙lic / riˈpʌblik / ◙ noun • a country that is governed by a president and politicians elected by the people and where there is no king or queen • 共和国；共和政体: »newly independent republics 新独立的共和国 »the Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国 --› comparemonarchychair∙man / ˈtʃeəmən; NAmE ˈtʃer- / ◙ noun (pl. -men / -mən / ) 1. the person in charge of a meeting, who tells people when they can speak, etc. • (会议的)主席,主持人 2. the person in charge of a committee, a company, etc. • (委员会的)委员长,主席；(公司等的)董事长: »the chairman of the board of governors (= of a school) 校董会主席 »The chairman of the company presented the annual report. 公司董事长提交了年度报告。 --› note atgenderpearl / pə:l; NAme pə:rl / ◙ noun 1. [C] a small hard shiny white ball that forms inside the shell of anoysterand is of great value as ajewel • 珍珠: »a string of pearls 一挂珍珠 »a pearl necklace 珍珠项链 »She was wearing her pearls (= anecklaceofpearls). 她戴着她的珍珠项链。 --› see alsoseed pearl 2. [C] a copy of a pearl that is made artificially • 人造珍珠 3. [U] =mother-of-pearl: »pearl buttons 珍珠母钮扣 4. [C, usually sing.] a thing that looks like a pearl in shape or colour • (形状或颜色)像珍珠之物: »pearls of dew on the grass 草上的露珠 5. [C] a thing that is very highly valued • 极有价值的东西: »She is a pearl among women. 她是红颜俊杰。
【IDIOMS】
◘ cast, throw, etc. pearls before 'swine • to give or offer valuable things to people who do not understand their value • 明珠暗投；对牛弹琴 ◘ a ˌpearl of 'wisdom •(usually ironic) a wise remark • 睿智的语言；隽语；妙语如珠: »Thank you for those pearls of wisdom. 谢谢你的金玉良言。 har∙bour (BrE) (NAmEhar∙bor) / ˈhɑ:bə(r); NAme ˈhɑ:rb- / ◙ noun [C, U] • an area of water on the coast, protected from the open sea by strong walls, where ships can shelter • (海)港；港口；港湾: »Several boats lay at anchor in the harbour. 港湾里停泊着几条船。 »to enter / leave harbour 进入/离开港口 ◙ verb [VN] 1. to hide and protect sb who is hiding from the police • 窝藏,庇护(罪犯等): »Police believe someone must be harbouring the killer. 警方相信一定有人窝藏了杀人犯。 2. to keep feelings or thoughts, especially negative ones, in your mind for a long time • 怀有,心怀(尤指反面感情或想法): »The arsonist may harbour a grudge against the company. 纵火犯可能对公司怀恨在心。 »She began to harbour doubts about the decision. 她开始对这个决定产生怀疑。 3. to contain sth and allow it to develop • 包含；藏有: »Your dishcloth can harbour many germs. 洗碗布中可能藏有很多病菌。
navy / ˈneivi / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) 1. [C + sing. / pl. v.] the part of a country's armed forces that fights at sea, and the ships that it uses • 海军；海军部队: »the British and German navies 英国和德国的海军部队 »He's joined the navy / the navy. 他参加了海军。 »an officer in the navy / the navy 海军军官 »The navy is / are considering buying six new warships. 海军正在考虑购买六艘新战舰。 --› see alsonaval 2. [U] =navy bluepower∙ful / ˈpauəfl; NAme ˈpauərfl / ◙ adj. 1. (of people 人) being able to control and influence people and events • 有权势的；有影响力的 【SYN】influential: »an immensely powerful organization 有巨大影响力的组织 »a rich and powerful man 一个有钱有势的人 »Only the intervention of powerful friends obtained her release. 经过有影响力的朋友们斡旋她才得以释放。 2. having great power or force; very effective • 强有力的；力量大的；很有效的: »powerful weapons 威力强大的武器 »a powerful engine 大功率引擎 »a powerful voice 洪亮的嗓音 3. having a strong effect on your mind or body • (对身心)有强烈作用的,效力大的: »a powerful image / drug / speech 鲜明的形象；有奇效的药物；有力的演说 4. (of a person or an animal 人或动物) physically strong • 健壮的；强壮的 【SYN】muscular: »a powerful body 健壮的体魄 »a powerful athlete 矫健的运动员 ♦ power∙ful∙ly / -fəli / adv.: »a powerfully emotive song 激动人心的歌曲 »He is powerfully built (= he has a large strong body). 他身体魁梧健壮。 »She argued powerfully for reform. 她为改革进行了有力的辩论。
air∙field / ˈeəfi:ld; NAmE ˈerf- / ◙ noun • an area of flat ground where military or private planes can take off and land • 飞机场
bomb / bɔm; NAmE bɑ:m / ◙ noun 1. [C] a weapon designed to explode at a particular time or when it is dropped or thrown • 炸弹: »a bomb attack / blast / explosion 轰炸；炸弹爆炸 »a bomb goes off / explodes 炸弹爆炸 »extensive bomb damage 轰炸造成的巨大破坏 »Hundreds of bombs were dropped on the city. 几百枚炸弹投到了这座城市。 --› see alsodirty bomb 2. the bomb [sing.] nuclear weapons (atomicorhydrogenbombs) • 核武器；核弹: »countries which have the bomb 拥有核武器的国家 3. a bomb [sing.] (BrE, informal) a lot of money • 很多钱: »That dress must have cost a bomb! 那条连衣裙所费不菲吧！ 4. a bomb [sing.] (NAmE, informal) a complete failure • 彻底的失败: »The musical was a complete bomb on Broadway. 那出音乐喜剧在百老汇的演出完全失败。 5. (NAmE) (inAmerican football 美式足球) a long forward throw of the ball • 长传 6. (NAmE) a container in which a liquid such as paint or insect poison is kept under pressure and released as a spray or asfoam • 气溶胶弹式容器(油漆、杀虫剂等液体加压贮存可喷出): »a bug bomb (= used for killing insects) 杀虫剂气雾弹
【IDIOMS】
◘ be the 'bomb (NAmE) • to be very good; to be the best • 很好；最佳: »Check out the new website. It's the bomb! 看一看这新网站。简直是太棒了！ ◘ go down a 'bomb | ◘ go (like) a 'bomb (BrE) • to be very successful • 十分成功: »Our performance went down a bomb. 我们的演出获得了巨大成功。 »The party was really going (like) a bomb. 晚会办得非常成功。 ◘ go like a 'bomb (BrE) (of a vehicle 车辆等) • to go very fast • 飞驰◙ verb 1. [VN] to attack sb / sth by leaving a bomb in a place or by dropping bombs from a plane • 轰炸；对…投炸弹: »Terrorists bombed several army barracks. 恐怖分子轰炸了几处兵营。 »The city was heavily bombed in the war. 这座城市在战争中遭到了猛烈轰炸。 2. [V +adv. / prep.] (BrE, informal) to move very fast, especially in a vehicle, in a particular direction • 快速移动,疾行(尤指乘车): »They were bombing down the road at about 80 miles an hour. 他们正以大约一小时 80 英里的速度沿路飞驰。 3. (NAmE, informal) to fail a test or an exam very badly • (考试)惨败: ▪ [VN] »The exam was impossible! I definitely bombed it. 考试太难了！我肯定考砸了。 ▪ [also V] 4. [V] (informal) (of a play, show, etc. 戏剧、演出等) to fail very badly • 大败；票房极差；不卖座: »His latest musical bombed and lost thousands of dollars. 他最近的一部音乐喜剧演砸了,损失了几千元。
【PHR V】
◘ be ˌbombed 'out (of sth) 1. if you are bombed out, your home is destroyed by bombs • (家园)被炸毁；被炸得无家可归 2. if a building is bombed out, it has been destroyed by bombs • (建筑)被炸毁
sail∙or / ˈseilə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a person who works on a ship as a member of thecrew • 水手；海员 2. a person who sails a boat • 驾船人
【IDIOMS】
◘ a good / bad 'sailor • a person who rarely / often becomes sick at sea • 很少/经常晕船的人
for∙tu∙nate / ˈfɔ:tʃənət; NAmE ˈfɔ:rtʃ- / ◙ adj. • ~ (to do sth) | ~ (in having...) | ~ (for sb)(that...) having or bringing an advantage, an opportunity, a piece of good luck, etc. • 幸运的；交好运的；吉利的 【SYN】lucky: »I have been fortunate enough to visit many parts of the world as a lecturer. 我很有福气,去过世界许多地方作演讲。 »I was fortunate in having a good teacher. 我很幸运,有位好老师。 »Remember those less fortunate than yourselves. 要记住那些不如你们幸运的人。 »It was very fortunate for him that I arrived on time. 算他运气好,我准时到了。 【OPP】unfortunateair∙craft / ˈeəkrɑ:ft; NAmE ˈerkræft / ◙ noun (pl. air∙craft) • any vehicle that can fly and carry goods or passengers • 飞机；航空器: »fighter / transport / military aircraft 战斗机；运输机；军用飞机 --› see alsolight aircraftcar∙rier / ˈkæriə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a company that carries goods or passengers from one place to another, especially by air • (尤指经营空运的)运输公司 2. a military vehicle or ship that carries soldiers or equipment from one place to another • 军输车；运输舰；航空母舰: »an armoured personnel carrier 装甲运兵车 --› see alsoaircraft carrier,people carrier 3. a person or animal that passes a disease to other people or animals but does not suffer from it • 带菌者,病原携带者(自身不受感染而传播疾病的人或动物) 4. a metal frame that is fixed to a bicycle and used for carrying bags • (自行车的)载物架 5. a person or thing that carries sth • 搬运人；运送人；运输工具: »Aquarius, the Water Carrier 宝瓶座 »a baby carrier (= for carrying a baby on your back or in front of you) (用于前胸或后背的)婴儿背带 6. (BrE) =carrier bag 7. a company that provides a telephone or Internet service • 电话公司；互联网公司；通信公司: »a telecoms carrier 通信公司
de∙clare / diˈkleə(r); NAmE diˈkler / ◙ verb 1. to say sth officially or publicly • 公布；宣布；宣告: ▪ [VN] »The government has declared a state of emergency. 政府已宣布进入紧急状态。 »Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1914. 德意志在 1914 年 8 月 1 日向法国宣战。 »The government has declared war on (= officially stated its intention to stop) illiteracy. 政府已宣布要扫除文盲。 ▪ [V that] »The court declared that strike action was illegal. 法庭宣判罢工为非法。 ▪ [VN-N] »The area has been declared a national park. 这地区已公布为国家公园。 ▪ [VN to inf] »The painting was declared to be a forgery. 这幅画被判定为贋品。 ▪ [VN-ADJ] »The contract was declared void. 这份合同被宣布无效。 »I declare this bridge open. 我宣布大桥正式启用。 2. to state sth firmly and clearly • 表明；宣称；断言: ▪ [V speech] »'I'll do it!' Tom declared. "让我来！"汤姆果断地说。 ▪ [V that] »He declared that he was in love with her. 他声称他已爱上她。 ▪ [VN] »Few people dared to declare their opposition to the regime. 很少有人敢宣称他们反对这个政权。 ▪ [VN-ADJ] »She declared herself extremely hurt by his lack of support. 她说自己非常伤心,因为他没有得到支持。 ▪ [also VN-N] 3. [VN] to tell the tax authorities how much money you have earned • 申报(收益): »All income must be declared. 所有收益必须申报。 4. [VN] to tell customs officers (= at the border of a country) that you are carrying goods on which you should pay tax • 申报(应纳税品): »Do you have anything to declare? 你有什么要申报的吗？ 5. [V] (incricket 板球) to decide to end yourinnings(= the period during which your team isbatting) before all your players havebatted • (在击球员还未全部出局时)宣布结束赛局,宣布停止击球
【PHR V】
◘ deˌclare a'gainst sb / sth (BrE, formal) • to say publicly that you do not support sb / sth • 声明反对；表示不赞成 ◘ de'clare for sb / sth (BrE, formal) • to say publicly that you support sb / sth • 声明支持；表示赞成
me∙mor∙ial / məˈmɔ:riəl / ◙ noun ~ (to sb / sth) 1. [C] a statue, stone, etc. that is built in order to remind people of an important past event or of a famous person who has died • 纪念碑(或像等): »a war memorial (= in memory of soldiers who died in a war) 阵亡将士纪念碑 »a memorial to victims of the Holocaust 大屠杀遇难者的纪念碑 2. [sing.] a thing that will continue to remind people of sb / sth • 纪念物；纪念品: »The painting will be a lasting memorial to a remarkable woman. 这幅油画将成为对一位杰出女性的永久纪念。 ◙ adj. [only before noun] • created or done in order to remember sb who has died • 纪念的；悼念的: »a memorial statue / plaque / prize 纪念像/牌 / 奖 »The memorial service will be held at a local church. 悼念仪式将在当地的一所教堂举行。 »the John F Kennedy Memorial Hospital 肯尼迪纪念医院
edu∙cate / ˈedʒukeit / ◙ verb 1. [VN] [often passive] to teach sb over a period of time at a school, university, etc. • (在学校)教育: »She was educated in the US. 她是在美国受的教育。 »He was educated at his local comprehensive school and then at Oxford. 他先在地方综合学校然后在牛津大学接受教育。 2. ~ sb (in / on sth) to teach sb about sth or how to do sth • 教导；教养；训练: ▪ [VN] »Children need to be educated on the dangers of drug-taking. 有必要对儿童进行吸毒危害的教育。 ▪ [VN to inf] »The campaign is intended to educate the public to respect the environment. 这一运动旨在教育公众爱护环境。
statue / ˈstætʃu: / ◙ noun • a figure of a person or an animal in stone, metal, etc., usually the same size as in real life or larger • 雕塑,雕像,塑像(大小通常等于或大于真人或实物)
troop / tru:p / ◙ noun 1. troops [pl.] soldiers, especially in large groups • 军队；部队；士兵: »They announced the withdrawal of 12 000 troops from the area. 他们宣布从这个地区撤军 12 000 人。 »The president decided to send in the troops. 总统决定派驻军队。 »Russian troops 俄国军队 2. [C] one group of soldiers, especially in tanks or on horses • 连队；坦克连；骑兵连: (figurative) »A troop of guests was moving towards the house. 一群客人朝那房子走去。 3. [C] a local group ofScouts • 童子军中队 ♦ troop adj. [only before noun] : »troop movements (= of soldiers) 部队的调动 ◙ verb [V +adv. / prep.] • (used with a plural subject 与复数主语连用) to walk somewhere together as a group • 成群结队而行；列队行进: »After lunch we all trooped down to the beach. 午餐后我们都成群结队走向海滩。
March / mɑ:tʃ; NAme mɑ:rtʃ / ◙ noun [U, C] • (abbr. Mar.) the 3rd month of the year, between February and April • 三月
【HELP】To see how March is used, look at the examples at April. • * March 的用法见词条 April 下的示例。
【IDIOMS】
--› seemadmarch / mɑ:tʃ; NAme mɑ:rtʃ / ◙ verb 1. [usually +adv. / prep.] to walk with stiff regular steps like a soldier • 齐步走；行进: ▪ [V] »Soldiers were marching up and down outside the government buildings. 士兵在政府大楼外面来回练习队列行进。 »Quick march! (= the order to start marching) (口令)齐步走！ ▪ [VN] »They marched 20 miles to reach the capital. 他们行进了 20 英里才到达首都。 2. [V +adv. / prep.] to walk somewhere quickly in a determined way • (坚定地向某地)前进,进发: »She marched over to me and demanded an apology. 她毅然走过来,要我向她道歉。 3. [VN +adv. / prep.] to force sb to walk somewhere with you • 使同行；强迫(某人)一起走: »The guards marched the prisoner away. 衞兵押着囚犯离开了。 4. [V] to walk through the streets in a large group in order to protest about sth • 游行示威；游行抗议 【SYN】demonstrate
【IDIOMS】
◘ get your 'marching orders (BrE, informal) • to be ordered to leave a place, a job, etc. • 奉命离开；被解职 ◘ give sb their 'marching orders •(informal) to order sb to leave a place, their job, etc. • 命令某人离开；解雇
【PHR V】
◘ ˌmarch 'on • to move on or pass quickly • 继续行进；快速经过: »Time marches on and we still have not made a decision. 时间过得飞快,而我们却还没有拿定主意。 ◘ 'march on... • to march to a place to protest about sth or to attack it • 向…行进(以示抗议或进行攻击): »Several thousand people marched on City Hall. 数千人涌往市政厅进行抗议。 ◙ noun 1. [C] an organized walk by many people from six place to another, in order to protest about sth, or to express their opinions • 示威游行；抗议游行: »protest marches 抗议游行 »to go on a march 进行示威游行 --› comparedemonstration(1) 2. [C] an act of marching; a journey made by marching • 行进；行军: »The army began their long march to the coast. 部队开始了他们开往沿海地区的长途行军。 3. [sing.] the ~ of sth the steady development or forward movement of sth • 稳步发展；稳步前进: »the march of progress / technology / time 平稳的进步；技术的稳步提高；时光的推移 4. [C] a piece of music written for marching to • 进行曲: »a funeral march 葬礼进行曲 ◘ on the 'march • marching somewhere • 在行军中；在行进中；在进展中: »The enemy are on the march. 敌人正在行军途中。 --› more atstealv.
glory / ˈɡlɔ:ri / ◙ noun 1. [U] fame, praise or honour that is given to sb because they have achieved sth important • 荣誉；光荣；桂冠: »Olympic glory in the 100 metres 奥林匹克 100 米赛跑的桂冠 »I do all the work and he gets all the glory. 活儿都是我干,荣誉都是他得。 »She wanted to enjoy her moment of glory. 她希望尽情享受自己的光荣时刻。 »He came home a rich man, covered in glory. 他发迹还乡,荣归故里。 2. [U] praise and worship of God • (对上帝的)赞颂,赞美,崇拜: »'Glory to God in the highest' "荣耀属于至高无上的上帝" 3. [U] great beauty • 壮丽；辉煌；灿烂: »The city was spread out beneath us in all its glory. 这座城市绚丽多彩地展现在我们下方。 »The house has now been restored to its former glory. 这栋房子又恢复了它往日的辉煌。 4. [C] a special cause for pride, respect or pleasure • 产生骄傲(或崇敬、愉快)的理由: »The temple is one of the glories of ancient Greece. 这座庙宇是古希腊的一大骄傲。 »Her long black hair is her crowning glory (= most impressive feature). 她长长的黑发是她的无上荣耀。 --› see alsoreflected glory◙ verb (glor∙ies, glory∙ing, glor∙ied, glor∙ied)
【PHR V】
◘ 'glory in sth • to get great pleasure or enjoyment from sth • 因某事而喜悦；为某事而欣喜 【SYN】revel: »She gloried in her new-found independence. 她为自己新获得的独立而欣喜。
ahead / əˈhed / ◙ adv.
【HELP】For the special uses of ahead in phrasal verbs, look at the entries for the verbs. For example press ahead (with sth) is in the phrasal verb section at press. • * ahead 在短语动词中的特殊用法见有关动词词条。如 press ahead (with sth) 在词条 press 的短语动词部份。
1. further forward in space or time; in front • (时间、空间)向前面,在前面: »I'll run ahead and warn them. 我要跑在前头,警告他们。 »The road ahead was blocked. 前面的路被封了。 »We've got a lot of hard work ahead. 我们往后还有很多艰苦工作要做。 »This will create problems in the months ahead. 在以后的几个月中这个就要出问题。 »He was looking straight ahead (= straight forward, in front of him). 他迳直往前看去。 2. earlier • 提前；预先；提早 【SYN】in advance: »The party was planned weeks ahead. 聚会提前几个星期就已筹划好了。 3. winning; further advanced • 占优势；领先: »Our team was ahead by one points. 我们队领先六分。 »You need to work hard to keep ahead. 你要努力才能保持领先优势。
vast / vɑ:st; NAme væst / ◙ adj. • extremely large in area, size, amount, etc. • 辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的；大量的 【SYN】huge: »a vast area of forest 莽莽苍苍的森林 »a vast crowd 一大群人 »a vast amount of information 大量信息 »At dusk bats appear in vast numbers. 蝙蝠于傍晚时分大批出现。 »His business empire was vast. 他的企业规模庞大。 »In the vast majority of cases, this should not be a problem. 在绝大多数情况下,这应该不成问题。 ♦ vast∙ness noun [U, C] : »the vastness of space 太空的浩瀚无垠
phil∙oso∙phy / fəˈlɔsəfi; NAme -ˈlɑ:s- / ◙ noun 1. [U] the study of the nature and meaning of the universe and of human life • 哲学: »moral philosophy 伦理学 »the philosophy of science 科学原理 »a professor of philosophy 哲学教授 »a degree in philosophy 哲学学位 2. [C] a particular set or system of beliefs resulting from the search for knowledge about life and the universe • 哲学体系；思想体系: »the philosophy of Jung 荣格的哲学体系 3. [C] a set of beliefs or an attitude to life that guides sb's behaviour • 人生哲学；生活的信条(或态度): »Her philosophy of life is to take every opportunity that presents itself. 她的处世态度是不放过任何呈现眼前的机会。
sal∙ary / ˈsæləri / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) • money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month • 薪金,薪水(尤指按月发放的): »an annual salary of $40 000 * 4 万元的年薪 »a 9% salary increase 加薪 9% »She's on a salary of £24 000. 她的薪金是 2.4 万英镑。 »He gets a basic salary plus commission. 他领取基本薪金,外加佣金。 --› comparewage --› note atincomeaware / əˈweə(r); NAmE əˈwer / ◙ adj. 1. [not before noun] ~ (of sth) | ~ (that...) knowing or realizing sth • 知道；意识到；明白: »I don't think people are really aware of just how much it costs. 我认为人们并不真正明白这要花多少钱。 »He was well aware of the problem. 他很清楚这个问题。 »Were you aware that something was wrong? 你有没有意识到已经出了问题？ »Everybody should be made aware of the risks involved. 应该让人人都知道所涉及的风险。 »As you're aware, this is not a new problem. 正如你所了解的,这不是一个新问题。 »As far as I'm aware, nobody has done anything about it. 据我所知,尚无人对此采取任何措施。 »acutely / painfully (= very) aware 深切地/痛苦地认识到 2. [not before noun] ~ (of sb / sth) | ~ (that...) noticing that sth is present, or that sth is happening • 察觉到；发觉；发现: »She slipped away without him being aware of it. 她悄悄离开,没有让他发觉。 »They suddenly became aware of people looking at them. 他们突然意识到有些人在瞧着他们。 »I was aware that she was trembling. 我察觉到她在发抖。 3. (used with an adverb 与副词连用) interested in and knowing about sth, and thinking it is important • 对…有兴趣的；有…意识的: »Young people are very environmentally aware. 年轻人的环保意识很强。 【OPP】unawarebasis / ˈbeisis / ◙ noun (pl. bases / ˈbeisi:z / ) 1. əsing.] the reason why people take a particular action • 原因；缘由: »She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications. 她因资历适合而获选中担任这项工作。 »Some videos have been banned on the basis that they are too violent. 有些录像带因暴力镜头过多而被查禁。 2. [sing.] the way things are organized or arranged • 基准；准则；方式: »on a regular / permanent / part-time / temporary basis 以定期/永久/兼职/临时性的方式 »on a daily / day-to-day / weekly basis 按每天/每日/每周一次的标准 3. [C, usually sing., U] the important facts, ideas or events that support sth and that it can develop from • 基础；要素；基点: »The basis of a good marriage is trust. 美满婚姻的基础是信赖。 »This article will form the basis for our discussion. 这篇文章将作为我们讨论的基点。 »The theory seems to have no basis in fact. 这一理论似乎没有事实根据。
court / kɔ:t; NAmE kɔ:rt / ◙ noun ›› LAW 法律 1. [C, U] the place where legal trials take place and where crimes, etc. are judged • 法院；法庭；审判庭: »the civil / criminal courts 民事/刑事法庭 »Her lawyer made a statement outside the court. 她的律师在法庭外面发表了一份声明。 »She will appear in court tomorrow. 她明天出庭。 »They took their landlord to court for breaking the contract. 因为房东毁约他们把他告上了法庭。 »The case took five years to come to court (= to be heard by the court). 那案件历时五年才被法庭受理。 »There wasn't enough evidence to bring the case to court (= start a trial). 没有足够的证据可把此案提交法庭。 »He won the court case and was awarded damages. 他胜诉得到了赔偿金。 »She can't pay her tax and is facing court action. 她缴不起税,将面临法庭诉讼。 »The case was settled out of court (= a decision was reached without a trial). 这案件已庭外和解。 --› see alsocourthouse,courtroom --› note atschool 2. the court [sing.] the people in a court, especially those who make the decisions, such as the judge andjury • 全体出庭人员；(尤指)全体审判人员: »Please tell the court what happened. 请向法庭陈述事情的经过。 --› see alsocontempt of court,county court,Crown Court,High Court,juvenile court,Supreme Court ›› FOR SPORT 体育运动 3. [C] a place where games such astennisare played • (网球等的)球场: »a tennis / squash / badminton court 网球/壁球/羽毛球场 »He won after only 52 minutes on court. 他上场仅 52 分钟就赢得了胜利。 --› see alsoclay court,grass court ›› KINGS / QUEENS 国王；女王 4. [C, U] the official place where kings and queens live • 王宫；宫殿；宫廷: »the court of Queen Victoria 维多利亚女王的宫廷 5. the court [sing.] the king or queen, their family, and the people who work for them and / or give advice to them • 王室人员；王宫人员 ›› BUILDINGS 建筑物 6. [C] =courtyard 7. (abbr. Ct) [C] used in the names of blocks of flats or apartment buildings, or of some short streets; (in Britain) used in the name of some large houses • (用于套房、公寓或某些短街区的名称)公寓大楼,短街；(英国用于某些大型宅第的名称)宅第,邸宅 8. [C] a large open section of a building, often with a glass roof • 建筑物的开阔部份(常有玻璃房顶)；大厅；馆: »the food court at the shopping mall 大型购物中心的食品区
【IDIOMS】
◘ hold 'court (with sb) • to entertain people by telling them interesting or funny things • (讲趣闻或笑话)使人快乐,逗人乐 ◘ rule / throw sth out of 'court • to say that sth is completely wrong or not worth considering, especially in a trial • (尤指在法庭上)指明完全错误,不予考虑,不予受理: »The charges were thrown out of court. 这些指控未予受理。 »Well that's my theory ruled out of court. 唉,那就是我遭到摒弃的意见。 --› more atballn.,laughv.,payv. ◙ verb ›› TRY TO PLEASE 试图取悦 1. [VN] to try to please sb in order to get sth you want, especially the support of a person, an organization, etc. • (为有所求,尤指寻求支持而)试图取悦,讨好,争取 【SYN】cultivate: »Both candidates have spent the last month courting the media. 两位候选人在过去的一个月里都在取悦媒体。 ›› TRY TO GET 试图得到 2. [VN] (formal) to try to obtain sth • 试图获得；博得: »He has never courted popularity. 他从不追求名望。 ›› INVITE STH BAD 招致灾祸 3. [VN] (formal) to do sth that might result in sth unpleasant happening • 招致,酿成,导致(不愉快的事): »to court danger / death / disaster 招致危险/死亡/灾难 »As a politician he has often courted controversy. 作为政治人物,他常常招致争议。 ›› HAVE RELATIONSHIP 建立感情 4. [VN] (old-fashioned) if a man courts a woman, he spends time with her and tries to make her love him, so that they can get married • (向女子)求爱,求婚 5. [V] be courting (old-fashioned) (of a man and a woman 男女) to have a romantic relationship before getting married • 恋爱: »At that time they had been courting for several years. 当时他们已经谈了好几年的恋爱了。 --› see alsocourtshipgod / ɡɔd; NAmE ɡɑ:d / ◙ noun 1. God [sing.] (not used with the 不与定冠词连用) (in Christianity, Islam and Judaism 基督教、伊斯兰教和犹太教) thebeingor spirit that is worshipped and is believed to have created the universe • 上帝；天主；真主: »Do you believe in God ? 你信仰上帝吗？ »Good luck and God bless you. 祝你好运,愿上帝保佑你。 »the Son of God (= Christ) 圣子(耶稣基督) 2. [C] (in some religions) abeingor spirit who is believed to have power over a particular part of nature or who is believed to represent a particular quality • (某些宗教中主宰某个领域的)神: »Mars was the Roman god of war. 马尔斯是古罗马战神。 »the rain god 雨神 »Greek gods 希腊诸神 --› see alsogoddess(1) 3. [C] a person who is loved or admired very much by other people • 极受崇拜的人；被崇拜的偶像: »To her fans she's a god. 对她的狂热崇拜者来说,她就是偶像。 --› see alsogoddess(2) 4. [C] something to which too much importance or attention is given • 受到过分崇尚(或推崇)的事物: »Money is his god. 钱就是他的命。 5. the gods [pl.] (BrE, informal) the seats that are high up at the back of a theatre • (剧院中的)顶层楼座,最高楼座
【IDIOMS】
◘ by 'God! • (old-fashioned, informal) used to emphasize a feeling of determination or surprise • (强调决心或惊异)老天作证
【HELP】Some people find this use offensive. • 有人认为此用法含冒犯意。
◘ God | ◘ God al'mighty | ◘ God in 'heaven | ◘ good 'God | ◘ my 'God | ◘ oh 'God • (informal) used to emphasize what you are saying when you are surprised, shocked or annoyed • (惊讶、震惊或烦恼时说)天哪,啊哟,主啊: »God, what a stupid thing to do! 天啊,这事干得太蠢了！
【HELP】Some people find this use offensive. • 有人认为此用法含冒犯意。
◘ God 'bless • used when you are leaving sb, to say that you hope they will be safe, etc. • (离别时的祝愿语)愿上帝保佑,祝一路平安: »Goodnight, God bless. 晚安,上帝保佑。 ◘ God 'rest his / her soul | ◘ God 'rest him / her • (old-fashioned, informal) used to show respect when you are talking about sb who is dead • 魂归天国；安息主怀 ◘ God's gift (to sb / sth) •(ironic) a person who thinks that they are particularly good at sth or who thinks that sb will find them particularly attractive • 上帝(对…)的恩宠；上帝恩赐的人(或物): »He seems to think he's God's gift to women. 他似乎认为自己是上帝赐给女人的礼物。 ◘ God 'willing • (informal) used to say that you hope that things will happen as you have planned and that there will be no problems • (希望事情能按计划顺利进行)如系天意,如上帝许可,如一切顺利: »I'll be back next week, God willing. 如一切顺利,我下星期就回来。 ◘ play 'God • to behave as if you control events or other people's lives • 俨然如主宰一切的上帝: »It is unfair to ask doctors to play God and end someone's life. 让医生扮演上帝的角色结束一个人的生命是不公平的。 ◘ to 'God / 'goodness / 'Heaven • used after a verb to emphasize a particular hope, wish, etc. • (用于动词之后,强调希望、愿望等)的确,真: »I wish to God you'd learn to pay attention! 我真希望你能学会集中注意力！
【HELP】Some people find this use offensive. • 有人认为此用法含冒犯意。
◘ ye 'gods! • (old-fashioned, informal) used to show surprise, lack of belief, etc. • (表示惊讶、不相信等)我的天哪,好家伙 --› more atactn.,fearn.,forbid,gracen.,helpv.,honest,knowv.,lapn.,loven.,mann.,namen.,pleasev.,thankcor∙rupt / kəˈrʌpt / ◙ adj. 1. (of people 人) willing to use their power to do dishonest or illegal things in return for money or to get an advantage • 贪污的；受贿的；腐败的；营私舞弊的: »a corrupt regime 贪污腐败的政权 »corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏 2. (of behaviour 行为) dishonest or immoral • 不诚实的；不道德的: »corrupt practices 徇私舞弊 »The whole system is inefficient and corrupt. 整个体系都效率低下并且腐败堕落。 3. (computing 计) containing changes or faults, and no longer in the original state • 已变换的；有缺陷的；有错误的: »corrupt software 被破坏的软件 »The text on the disk seems to be corrupt. 这张磁盘上的文件好像有错误。 ♦ cor∙rupt∙ly adv.◙ verb 1. [VN] to have a bad effect on sb and make them behave in an immoral or dishonest way • 使腐化；使堕落: »He was corrupted by power and ambition. 权力与野心使他腐化堕落。 »the corrupting effects of great wealth 巨大财富的腐蚀作用 2. [VN] [often passive] to change the original form of sth, so that it is damaged or spoiled in some way • 破坏；损坏: »a corrupted form of Buddhism 一种蜕变了的佛教 3. (computing 计) to cause mistakes to appear in a computer file, etc. with the result that the information in it is no longer correct • 引起(计算机文件等的)错误；破坏: ▪ [VN] »The program has somehow corrupted the system files. 这程序莫名其妙地导致了系统文件出错。 »corrupted data 被破坏数据 ▪ [V] »The disk will corrupt if it is overloaded. 磁盘如果过载,数据就会出错。
trial / ˈtraiəl / ◙ noun ›› LAW 法律 1. [U, C] a formal examination of evidence in court by a judge and often ajury, to decide if sb accused of a crime is guilty or not • (法院的)审讯,审理,审判: »a murder trial 谋杀案的审理 »He's on trial for murder. 他因涉嫌谋杀罪而受审。 »She will stand trial / go on trial for fraud. 她因涉嫌诈骗将受到审判。 »The men were arrested but not brought to trial. 这些人已被逮捕但并未送交法院审判。 »The case never came to trial. 这个案件从未开庭审理。 »She is awaiting trial on corruption charges. 她因被控贪污正等候审判。 »He did not receive a fair trial. 他没有受到公正的审判。 »She was detained without trial. 她未经审讯便被羁押。 ›› TEST 试验 2. [C, U] the process of testing the ability, quality or performance of sb / sth, especially before you make a final decision about them • (对能力、质量、性能等的)试验,试用: »The new drug is undergoing clinical trials. 这种新药正在进行临牀试验。 »She agreed to employ me for a trial period. 她同意试用我一段时间。 »The system was introduced on a trial basis for six month. 这个制度已引进试行一个月。 »a trial separation (= of a couple whose marriage is in difficulties) 试验性分居 »We had the machine on trial for a week. 这台机器我们已经试用了一个星期。 »a trial of strength (= a contest to see who is stronger) 实力的较量 ›› IN SPORT 体育运动 3. [C, usually pl.] (BrE) (NAmEtry∙out) a competition or series of tests to find the best players for a sports team or an important event • 预赛；选拔赛: »Olympic trials 奥林匹克运动会选拔赛 ›› FOR ANIMALS 动物 4. [C, usually pl.] an event at which animals compete or perform • 比赛；表演: »horse trials 马匹比赛 ›› DIFFICULT EXPERIENCE 艰难经历 5. [C] ~ (to sb) an experience or a person that causes difficulties for sb • 令人伤脑筋的事；惹麻烦的人；考验: »the trials and tribulations of married life 婚姻生活的考验与磨炼 »She was a sore trial to her family at times. 她有时让家人伤透了脑筋。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌtrial and 'error • the process of solving a problem by trying various methods until you find a method that is successful • 反复试验；不断摸索: »Children learn to use computer programs by trial and error. 儿童通过反复摸索才学会运用计算机程序。 ◙ verb (-ll-) [VN V] • (BrE) to test the ability, quality or performance of sth to see if it will be effective or successful • 测试(能力、质量、性能等)；试验；试用
judge / dʒʌdʒ / ◙ noun ›› IN COURT 法庭 1. a person in a court who has the authority to decide how criminals should be punished or to make legal decisions • 法官；审判员: »a High Court judge 高等法院的法官 »a federal judge 联邦法院法官 »The case comes before Judge Cooper next week. 本案下周交库珀法官审理。 »The judge sentenced him to five years in prison. 法官判他五年监禁。 --› compareJustice of the Peace,magistrate ›› IN COMPETITION 竞赛 2. a person who decides who has won a competition • 裁判员；评判员: »the panel of judges at the flower show 花展评判小组 »The judges' decision is final. 裁判的决定为最终决定。 ›› SB WHO GIVES OPINION 鉴定人 3. [usually sing.] a person who has the necessary knowledge or skills to give their opinion about the value or quality of sb / sth • 鉴定人；鉴赏家: »She's a good judge of character. 她很善于鉴别人的性格。 »'I'm not sure that's a good way to do it.' ' Let me be the judge of that.' "我拿不准这样做好不好。" "就让我来判断吧。" ◙ verb ›› FORM OPINION 判断 1. to form an opinion about sb / sth, based on the information you have • 判断；断定；认为: ▪ [V] »As far as I can judge, all of them are to blame. 依我看,他们都应承担责任。 »Judging by her last letter, they are having a wonderful time. 从她上封信看,他们过得非常愉快。 »To judge from what he said, he was very disappointed. 从他的话判断,他非常失望。 ▪ [VN] »Schools should not be judged only on exam results. 学校的好坏不能仅凭考试结果来评判。 »Each painting must be judged on its own merits. 任何一幅画都必须根据其本身的价值来评判。 ▪ [VN-N VN to inf] »The tour was judged a great success. 这次巡回演出被认为是大获成功。 »The tour was judged to have been a great success. 这次巡回演出被认为是大获成功。 ▪ [VN-ADJ] »They judged it wise to say nothing. 他们认为不说为妙。 ▪ [also V that VN that V wh-] ›› ESTIMATE 估计 2. to guess the size, amount, etc. of sth • 估计,猜测(大小、数量等): ▪ [V wh-] »It's difficult to judge how long the journey will take. 很难估计这次旅行要花多长时间。 ▪ [VN to inf] »I judged him to be about 50. 我估计他年纪在 50 左右。 ›› IN COMPETITION 竞赛 3. to decide the result of a competition; to be the judge in a competition • 裁判；评判；担任裁判: ▪ [VN] »She was asked to judge the essay competition. 她被邀请担任散文比赛的评委。 ▪ [also V] ›› GIVE OPINION 评价 4. to give your opinion about sb, especially when you disapprove of them • 评价；鉴定；(尤指)批评,指责: ▪ [VN] »What gives you the right to judge other people? 你有什么权利对别人评头论足？ ▪ [also V] ›› IN COURT 法庭 5. to decide whether sb is guilty or innocent in a court • 审判；审理；判决: ▪ [VN] »to judge a case 审理案件 ▪ [VN-ADJ] »to judge sb guilty / not guilty 判某人有罪/无罪
【IDIOMS】
◘ don't judge a ˌbook by its 'cover • (saying) used to say that you should not form an opinion about sb / sth from their appearance only • 勿以貌取人；勿只凭外表判断poi∙son / ˈpɔizn / ◙ noun [C, U] 1. a substance that causes death or harm if it is swallowed or absorbed into the body • 毒药；毒物；毒素: »Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison. 有些蘑菇含有致命毒素。 »How did he die? Was it poison? 他是怎么死的？是中毒吗？ »The dog was killed by rat poison (= poison intended to killrats). 狗被耗子药毒死了。 »to hunt with poison arrows 用毒箭狩猎 »bombs containing poison gas 毒气弹 2. an idea, a feeling, etc. that is extremely harmful • 极有害的思想(或心情等)；精神毒药: »the poison of racial hatred 种族仇恨这种害人的思想
【IDIOMS】
◘ what's your 'poison? • (informal, humorous) used to ask sb what alcoholic drink they would like • (用于问别人想喝什么酒) --› more atmann. ◙ verb [VN] 1. ~ sb (with sth) to harm or kill a person or an animal by giving them poison • 毒死；毒害 2. to put poison in or on sth • 下毒；在…中放毒: »a poisoned arrow 毒箭 »Someone had been poisoning his food. 有人一直在他的食物里下毒。 »Large sections of the river have been poisoned by toxic waste from factories. 工厂的有毒废弃物污染了大段大段的河流。 3. to have a bad effect on sth • 毒化；败坏；使恶化: »His comment served only to poison the atmosphere still further. 他的评论只有使气氛更加恶化。 »She succeeded in poisoning their minds against me. 是她令他们仇视我的。 ◘ a poisoned 'chalice (especially BrE) • a thing which seems attractive when it is given to sb but which soon becomes unpleasant • 金杯毒酒