m4u1
ad∙ver∙tis∙ing / ˈædvətaiziŋ; NAmE -vərt- /
◙ noun [U]
• the activity and industry of advertising things to people on television, in newspapers, on the Internet, etc.
• 广告活动；广告业；做广告:
 »A good advertising campaign will increase our sales.
  良好的广告宣传活动会增加我们的销售量。
 »Cigarette advertising has been banned.
  香烟广告已遭禁止。
 »radio / TV advertising
  广播/电视广告
 »Val works for an advertising agency (= a company that designs advertisements).
  瓦尔为一家广告公司工作。
 »a career in advertising
  广告职业
air∙line / ˈeəlain; NAmE ˈerl- /
◙ noun [C + sing. / pl. v.]
• a company that provides regular flights to take passengers and goods to different places
• 航空公司:
 »international airlines
  国际航空公司
 »an airline pilot
  航空公司飞机驾驶员
drug / drʌɡ /
◙ noun
1. an illegal substance that some people smoke, inject , etc. for the physical and mental effects it has
• 毒品:
 »He does not smoke or take drugs.
  他既不抽烟也不吸毒。
 »teenagers experimenting with drugs
  试用毒品的青少年
 »I found out Steve was on drugs (= regularly used drugs).
  我发现史蒂夫已吸毒成瘾。
 »drug and alcohol abuse
  吸毒和酗酒
 »a hard (= very harmful) drug such as heroin
  (毒性很大的)海洛因之类的硬毒品
 »a soft drug (= six that is not considered very harmful)
  (毒性不很大的)软毒品
 »Drugs have been seized with a street value of ten million dollars.
  黑市价值二百万元的毒品被查获。
 »She was a drug addict (= could not stop using drugs).
  她是个吸毒成瘾的人。
 »He was charged with pushing drugs (= selling them).
  他被控贩毒。
 »(informal) I don't do drugs (= use them).
  我不吸毒。
 »drug rehabilitation
  吸毒者的康复训练
2. a substance used as a medicine or used in a medicine
• 药；药物:
 »prescribed drugs
  处方药
 »The doctor put me on a course of pain-killing drugs.
  医生让我服一个疗程的止痛药。
 »drug companies
  药品公司
 »The drug has some bad side effects.
  这种药有些严重的副作用。
--› see also designer drug
◙ verb (-gg-) [VN]
1. to give a person or an animal a drug, especially to make them unconscious, or to affect their performance in a race or competition
• 使服麻醉药；用药麻醉；使服兴奋剂:
 »He was drugged and bundled into the back of the car.
  他被麻醉后塞入汽车后座。
 »It's illegal to drug horses before a race.
  比赛前给马服用兴奋剂是违法的。
2. to add a drug to sb's food or drink to make them unconscious or sleepy
• (在食物或饮料中)投放麻醉药,下麻醉药:
 »Her drink must have been drugged.
  她的饮料中肯定被掺了麻醉药。
【IDIOMS】
◘ be drugged up to the 'eyeballs
• to have taken or been given a lot of drugs
• 已服用大量毒品
shine / ʃain /
◙ verb
(shone, shone / ʃɔn; US ʃoun / )
【HəɚP】ɪn sense 3 shined is used for the past tense and past participle.
• 作第 3 义时过去时和过去分词用 shined。
1. [V] to produce or reflect light; to be bright
• 发光；反光；照耀:
 »The sun shone brightly in a cloudless sky.
  太阳在无云的天空中明亮地照耀着。
 »The dark polished wood shone like glass.
  抛光后的深色木料像玻璃一样熠熠闪光。
 »(figurative) Her eyes were shining with excitement.
  她兴奋得两眼放光。
 »Excitement was shining in her eyes.
  她眼里闪着兴奋的光芒。
2. [VN] to aim or point the light of a lamp, etc. in a particular direction
• 把…照向；使…光投向:
 »He shone the flashlight around the cellar.
  他用手电筒往地窖各处照了照。
 »(figurative) Campaigners are shining a spotlight on the world's diminishing natural resources.
  从事这场运动的人要使公众注意到世界上的自然资源日益减少。
3. (shined, shined)
• [VN] to polish sth; to make sth smooth and bright
• 擦亮；擦光:
 »He shined shoes and sold newspapers to make money.
  他靠擦鞋、卖报挣钱。
4. [V] to be very good at sth
• 出色；出类拔萃:
 »He failed to shine academically but he was very good at sports.
  他学业不怎么样,但体育棒极了。
 »She has set a shining example of loyal service over four decades.
  四十年间,她树立了一个忠诚服务的光辉榜样。
--› see also shiny
【IDIOMS】

—more at hay , knight n., rise v.
【PHR V】
◘ ˌshine 'through (sth) (of a quality 某种品质)
• to be easy to see or notice
• 显现出来；很明显:
 »Her old professional skills shone through.
  她在行的专业技巧顿时显现无遗。
◙ noun [sing.]
• the bright quality that sth has when light is reflected on it
• 光亮；光泽:
 »a shampoo that gives your hair body and shine
  一种能使头发浓密发亮的洗发剂
◘ take a 'shine to sb / sth
•(informal) to begin to like sb very much as soon as you see or meet them
• 一眼就看上；一见钟情
◘ take the 'shine off sth
•(informal) to make sth seem much less good than it did at first
• 使…黯然失色
--› more at rain n.
sham∙poo / ʃæmˈpu: /
◙ noun (pl. -os)
1. [C, U] a liquid soap that is used for washing your hair; a similar liquid used for cleaning carpets, furniture covers or a car
• 洗发剂；香波；(洗地毯、家具罩套、汽车等的)洗涤剂:
 »a shampoo for greasy hair
  油性头发洗发剂
 »carpet shampoo
  地毯洗涤剂
2. [C, usually sing.] an act of washing your hair using shampoo
• 用洗发剂洗头发:
 »Rinse the hair thoroughly after each shampoo.
  每次用洗发剂洗发后都要彻底冲干净。
 »a shampoo and set (= an act of washing and styling sb's hair)
  洗头发并做发型
◙ verb
(sham∙pooed, sham∙pooed)
• [VN] to wash or clean hair, carpets, etc. with shampoo
• 用洗发剂洗(头发)；用洗涤剂洗(地毯等)
ad∙ver∙tise∙ment / ədˈvə:tismənt; NAmE ˌædvərˈtaiz- /
◙ noun
1. [C] (also informal ad) (BrE also ad∙vert) ~ (for sth) a notice, picture or film telling people about a product, job or service
• 广告；启事:
 »Put an advertisement in the local paper to sell your car.
  在当地报纸登一则广告来出售你的汽车。
--› see also classified advertisements
--› note at ad
2. [C] (BrE also ad∙vert) ~ for sth an example of sth that shows its good qualities
• 广告(样)品:
 »Dirty streets and homelessness are no advertisement for a prosperous society.
  肮脏的街道和无家可归现象决不是繁荣社会的景象。
--› note at ad
3. [U] the act of advertising sth and making it public
• 广告活动；广告宣传
--› note at ad
per∙suade / pəˈsweid; NAme pərˈs- /
◙ verb
1. ~ sb (into sth / into doing sth) to make sb do sth by giving them good reasons for doing it
• 劝说；说服:
▪ [VN to inf]
 »Try to persuade him to come.
  尽量劝他来。
▪ [VN]
 »Please try and persuade her.
  请尽力说服她。
 »She's always easily persuaded.
  她向来禁不住劝。
 »I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the competition.
  我搁不住人家的劝说,就参加了比赛。
 »I'm sure he'll come with a bit of persuading.
  我相信,劝一劝他就会来的。
2. to make sb believe that sth is true
• 使信服；使相信
【SYN】 convince :
▪ [VN that]
 »It will be difficult to persuade them that there's no other choice.
  很难让他们相信别无选择。
 »She had persuaded herself that life was not worth living.
  她自认为人生没有价值。
▪ [VN]
 »No six was persuaded by his arguments.
  没人相信他的论点。
 »(formal) I am still not fully persuaded of the plan's merits.
  我还不能完全信服这个计划的优点。
ad∙ver∙tise / ˈædvətaiz; NAmE -vərt- /
◙ verb
1. ~ sth (as sth) to tell the public about a product or a service in order to encourage people to buy or to use it
• 做广告；登广告:
▪ [V]
 »If you want to attract more customers, try advertising in the local paper.
  如果你要吸引更多顾客,就试试在当地报纸登广告。
▪ [VN]
 »to advertise a product / a business / your services
  做广告宣传产品/企业/你的服务项目
 »The cruise was advertised as the 'journey of a lifetime'.
  这次航行被宣传为"终生难得的旅行"。
2. ~ (for sb / sth) to let people know that sth is going to happen, or that a job is available by giving details about it in a newspaper, on a notice in a public place, on the Internet, etc.
• (在报纸、公共场所公告牌、互联网等上)公布,征聘:
▪ [V]
 »We are currently advertising for a new sales manager.
  目前我们公开征聘一位新的销售经理。
▪ [VN]
 »We advertised the concert quite widely.
  我们为这次音乐会作了相当广泛的宣传。
3. [VN] to show or tell sth about yourself to other people
• 展现,宣传(自己的事)
【SYN】 publicize :
 »I wouldn't advertise the fact that you don't have a work permit.
  我不会向外声张你没有工作许可证这件事。
wel∙fare / ˈwelfeə(r); NAme -fer /
◙ noun [U]
1. the general health, happiness and safety of a person, an animal or a group
• (个体或群体的)幸福,安全与健康
【SYN】 well-being :
 »We are concerned about the child's welfare.
  我们关注那个孩子的福祉。
2. practical or financial help that is provided, often by the government, for people or animals that need it
• (政府给予的)福利:
 »The state is still the main provider of welfare.
  政府仍然是福利的主要提供者。
 »child welfare
  儿童福利
 »a social welfare programme
  社会福利计划
 »welfare provision / services / work
  福利供给/机构/工作
3. (especially NAmE) = social security (1) :
 »They would rather work than live on welfare.
  他们宁愿工作而不靠社会保障金过活。
cheat / tʃi:t /
◙ verb
1. [VN] to trick sb or make them believe sth which is not true
• 欺骗；蒙骗:
 »She is accused of attempting to cheat the taxman.
  她被指控企图蒙骗税务员。
 »Many people feel cheated by the government's refusal to hold a referendum.
  由于政府拒绝举行公民投票表决,许多人都觉得上当受骗。
 »He cheated his way into the job.
  他骗取了这份工作。
2. [V] ~ (at sth) to act in a dishonest way in order to gain an advantage, especially in a game, a competition, an exam, etc.
• (尤指在游戏、比赛、考试等中)作弊,舞弊:
 »He cheats at cards.
  他玩牌时作弊。
 »You're not allowed to look at the answers— that's cheating.
  你们不许看答案,那是作弊。
3. [V] ~ (on sb) (of sb who is married or who has a regular sexual partner 已婚或有固定性伙伴的人) to have a secret sexual relationship with sb else
• 与他人有秘密性关系；对某人不忠(或不贞)
【IDIOMS】
◘ cheat 'death
(often used in newspapers 常用于报章)
• to survive in a situation where you could have died
• 死里逃生；幸免于难
【PHR V】
◘ 'cheat sb ('out) of sth
• to prevent sb from having sth, especially in a way that is not honest or fair
• (尤指用不诚实或不正当的手段)阻止某人得到某物:
 »They cheated him out of his share of the profits.
  他们施展伎俩,不让他获得他的那份利润。
◙ noun (especially BrE)
1. (also cheat∙er especially in NAmE) [C] a person who cheats, especially in a game
• (尤指游戏中的)作弊者,骗子:
 »You little cheat!
  你这小滑头！
2. [sing.] something that seems unfair or dishonest, for example a way of doing sth with less effort than it usually needs
• 欺骗手段；欺诈行为:
 »It's really a cheat, but you can use ready-made pastry if you want.
  这东西真是骗人,但如果你愿意的话,可以用现成的油酥麪团。
3. [C] (computing 计) a program you can use to move immediately to the next stage of a computer game without needing to play the game
• (电脑游戏的)秘技,欺骗程序,作弊软件:
 »There's a cheat you can use to get to the next level.
  有种秘技,你可以用来到达下一关。
skill∙ful (NAmE) = skilful
in∙no∙cent / ˈinəsnt /
◙ adj.
1. ~ (of sth) not guilty of a crime, etc.; not having done sth wrong
• 无辜的；清白的；无罪的:
 »They have imprisoned an innocent man.
  他们监禁了一名无辜的男子。
 »She was found innocent of any crime.
  她获判无罪。
 »He was the innocent party (= person) in the breakdown of the marriage.
  他们的婚姻破裂,他是无过错的一方。
【OPP】 guilty
2. [only before noun] suffering harm or being killed because of a crime, war, etc. although not directly involved in it
• 无辜受害的；成为牺牲品的:
 »an innocent bystander
  无辜受害的旁观者
 »innocent victims of a bomb blast
  炸弹爆炸中的无辜受害者
3. not intended to cause harm or upset sb
• 无恶意的；无冒犯之意的
【SYN】 harmless :
 »It was all innocent fun.
  那不过是些无恶意的玩笑。
 »It was a perfectly innocent remark.
  那是一句毫无冒犯之意的话。
4. having little experience of the world, especially of sexual matters, or of evil or unpleasant things
• 天真无邪的；纯真的
【SYN】 naive :
 »an innocent young child
  天真无邪的小孩子
♦ in∙no∙cent∙ly adv.:
 »'Oh, Sue went too, did she?' I asked innocently (= pretending I did not know that this was important).
  "噢,苏也去了,是吗？"我装作若无其事地问。
◙ noun
• an innocent person, especially a young child
• 无辜者(尤指天真无邪的孩子)
breath / breθ /
◙ noun
1. [U] the air that you take into your lungs and send out again
• 呼吸的空气:
 »His breath smelt of garlic.
  他呼出的气中有大蒜味。
 »bad breath (= that smells bad)
  口臭
 »We had to stop for breath before we got to the top.
  我们不得不喘口气,然后再登山顶。
 »She was very short of breath (= had difficulty breathing).
  她呼吸很困难。
2. [C] an amount of air that enters the lungs at one time
• 一次吸入的空气:
 »to take a deep breath
  深深吸一口气
 »He recited the whole poem in one breath.
  他一口气背出了整篇诗。
3. ~ of sth [sing.] (formal) a small amount of sth; slight evidence of sth
• 微量；迹象:
 »a breath of suspicion / scandal
  一丝怀疑；丑闻的嫌疑
4. a ~ of air, wind [sing.] (literary) a slight movement of air
• (空气的)微微流动,拂动
【IDIOMS】
◘ a breath of (fresh) 'air
• clean air breathed in after being indoors or in a dirty atmosphere
• 新鲜空气；透气:
 »We'll get a breath of fresh air at lunchtime.
  我们午餐时出去透透气。
◘ a breath of fresh 'air
• a person, thing or place that is new and different and therefore interesting and exciting
• 令人耳目一新的人(或事物、地方)
◘ the breath of 'life to / for sb
•(literary) an essential part of a person's existence
• 某人的食粮
◘ get your 'breath (again / back)
(BrE) (also catch your 'breath NAmE, BrE)
• to breathe normally again after running or doing some tiring exercise
• 恢复正常呼吸
◘ hold your 'breath
1. to stop breathing for a short time
• 闭气；屏气:
 »Hold your breath and count to ten.
  屏住呼吸,数到十。
2. to be anxious while you are waiting for sth that you are worried about
• 屏息以待；焦虑地等待:
 »He held his breath while the results were read out.
  宣读结果时,他屏住了呼吸。
3. (informal) people say don't hold your breath! to emphasize that sth will take a long time or may not happen
• 别眼巴巴等着；有你等的:
 »She said she'd do it this week, but don't hold your breath!
  她说她这个星期要干,不过你可别因此眼巴巴干等！
◘ in the same 'breath
• immediately after saying sth that suggests the opposite intention or meaning
• 但紧接着,但同时(意味着与前一段意图或意思相反):
 »He praised my work and in the same breath told me I would have to leave.
  他称赞了一番我的工作,但紧接着却对我说不得不辞退我。
◘ his / her last / dying 'breath
• the last moment of a person's life
• 最后一口气；临终；临死
◘ out of 'breath
• having difficulty breathing after exercise
• (运动后)喘不上气,透不过气来:
 »We were out of breath after only five minutes.
  我们五分钟后便气喘吁吁了。
◘ say sth, speak, etc. under your 'breath
• to say sth quietly so that people cannot hear
• 小声地,轻声地(说):
 »'Rubbish!' he murmured under his breath.
  "胡说！"他悄悄地小声说。
◘ take sb's 'breath away
• to be very surprising or beautiful
• 令人惊叹；让人叹绝:
 »My first view of the island from the air took my breath away.
  我第一次从空中看到这个岛时,叹赏不已。
--› more at bated , catch v., draw v., save v., waste v.
ˌbad 'breath
◙ noun [U]
• breath that smells unpleasant
• 难闻的呼气；口臭:
 »Have I got bad breath?
  我有口臭吗？
【SYN】 halitosis
fool / fu:l /
◙ noun
1. [C] a person who you think behaves or speaks in a way that lacks intelligence or good judgement
• 蠢人；傻瓜
【SYN】 idiot :
 »Don't be such a fool!
  别这么傻了！
 »I felt a fool when I realized my mistake.
  我意识到了自己的错误,觉得自己是个傻瓜。
 »He told me he was an actor and I was fool enough to believe him.
  他告诉我他是演员,而我真傻,竟相信了他的话。
2. [C] (in the past) a man employed by a king or queen to entertain people by telling jokes, singing songs, etc.
• (旧时国王或王后豢养供人娱乐的)小丑,弄臣
【SYN】 jester
3. [U, C] (BrE) (usually in compounds 通常构成复合词) a cold light dessert (= a sweet dish) made from fruit that is cooked and crushed and mixed with cream or custard
• 奶油果泥,蛋奶果泥(甜食):
 »rhubarb fool
  奶油大黄泥
【IDIOMS】
◘ act / play the 'fool
• to behave in a stupid way in order to make people laugh, especially in a way that may also annoy them
• 装傻,扮丑相(以逗人笑,但往往惹人恼怒):
 »Quit playing the fool and get some work done!
  别再装傻了,干点实事吧！
◘ any fool can / could...
• (informal) used to say that sth is very easy to do
• 任何人都能；容易得很:
 »Any fool could tell she was lying.
  任何人都可以看出她在撒谎。
◘ be ˌno / ˌnobody's 'fool
• to be too intelligent or know too much about sth to be tricked by other people
• 精明机智；不易上当:
 »She's nobody's fool when it comes to dealing with difficult patients.
  她对付难缠的病人很有办法。
◘ a ˌfool and his ˌmoney are soon 'parted
•(saying) a person who is not sensible usually spends money too quickly or carelessly, or is cheated by others
• 傻瓜口袋漏,有钱留不住；蠢人不积财
◘ fools rush 'in (where angels fear to 'tread)
•(saying) people with little experience try to do the difficult or dangerous things which more experienced people would not consider doing
• (智者却步处)愚者独敢闯
◘ make a 'fool of sb
• to say or do sth deliberately so that people will think that sb is stupid
• 愚弄某人:
 »Can't you see she's making a fool of you?
  难道你不明白她是在愚弄你？
--› note at cheat
◘ make a 'fool of yourself
• to do sth stupid which makes other people think that you are a fool
• 出丑:
 »I made a complete fool of myself in front of everyone!
  我当众出了大丑了！
◘ ˌmore fool 'sb (for doing sth)
• (informal) used to say that you think that sb was stupid to do sth, especially when it causes them problems
• 蠢极了；犯傻:
 »'He's not an easy person to live with.' 'More fool her for marrying him!'
  "和他共同生活很难。" "她和他结婚真傻！"
◘ (there's) ˌno fool like an 'old fool
•(saying) an older person who behaves in a stupid way is worse than a younger person who does the same thing, because experience should have taught him or her not to do it
• 糊涂莫过老糊涂；老糊涂最糊涂
--› more at suffer
◙ verb
1. [VN] ~ sb (into doing sth) to trick sb into believing sth that is not true
• 欺骗；愚弄:
 »She certainly had me fooled —I really believed her!
  她确实把我骗了——我真的相信了她的话！
 »You don't fool me!
  不要骗我！
 »You're fooling yourself if you think none of this will affect you.
  你要是认为此事一点也不会影响你,那就是欺骗自己。
 »Don't be fooled into thinking they're going to change anything.
  别上当受骗,以为他们打算作出任何改变。
2. [V] ~ (about / around) (with sth) to say or do stupid or silly things, often in order to make people laugh
• 说蠢话,干傻事(常为逗乐):
 »Stop fooling around and sit down!
  别干傻事了,坐下来！
 »If you fool about with matches, you'll end up getting burned.
  如果你摆弄火柴,最后可能烧到自己。
◘ you could have fooled 'me
• (informal) used to say that you do not believe sth that sb has just told you
• (表示不相信别人的话)休想骗我,说得像真的一样:
 »'I'm trying as hard as I can!' 'You could have fooled me!'
  "我要尽力而为！" "说得像真的似的！"
【PHR V】
◘ ˌfool a'round
1. (BrE also ˌfool a'bout) to waste time instead of doing sth that you should be doing
• 闲耍；虚度光阴
【SYN】 mess around
2. ~ (with sb) to have a sexual relationship with another person's partner; to have a sexual relationship with sb who is not your partner
• (和某人)乱搞男女关系
【SYN】 mess around :
 »She's been fooling around with a married man.
  她一直和一个有妇之夫鬼混。
◙ adj. [only before noun]
• (informal) showing a lack of intelligence or good judgement
【SYN】 silly , stupid , foolish
• 傻的；愚蠢的:
 »That was a damn fool thing to do!
  干那种事真蠢！
cure / kjuə(r); NAmE kjur /
◙ verb [VN]
1. ~ sb (of sth) to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness
• 治瘉,治好(病人或动物):
 »Will you be able to cure him, Doctor?
  医生,你能把他治好吗？
2. to make an illness go away
• 治好(疾病):
 »TB is a serious illness, but it can be cured.
  肺结核虽然是一种严重的疾病,但可治瘉。
3. to deal with a problem successfully
• 解决,了结(问题):
 »I finally managed to cure the rattling noise in my car.
  我最终设法解决了我汽车发出的格格响声。
4. ~ sb of sth to stop sb from behaving in a particular way, especially a way that is bad or annoying
• 矫正,改正(某人的不良行为)
5. to treat food or tobacco with smoke, salt, etc. in order to preserve it
• (用熏、腌等方法)加工贮藏(食物或烟草)
【IDIOMS】
--› see kill v.
◙ noun
1. ~ (for sth) a medicine or medical treatment that cures an illness
• 药；药物；疗法:
 »the search for a cure for cancer
  对癌症治疗方法的研究
 »There is no known cure but the illness can be treated.
  这种病尚没有确切的治瘉方法,但可以医治。
2. the act of curing sb of an illness or the process of being cured
• 治疗；疗程:
 »Doctors cannot effect a cure if the disease has spread too far.
  假如这种疾病已扩散得厉害,医生也无法妙手回春。
 »The cure took six weeks.
  此疗程花了六个星期。
3. ~ (for sth) something that will solve a problem, improve a bad situation, etc.
• (解决问题、改善糟糕情况等的)措施,对策:
 »a cure for poverty
  解决贫穷问题的措施 see prevention
gro∙cery / ˈɡrəusəri; NAmE ˈɡrou- /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. (especially BrE) (NAmE usually 'grocery store) [C] a shop / store that sells food and other things used in the home. In American English 'grocery store' is often used to mean 'supermarket'.
• 食品杂货店(在美国英语中 grocery store 常用以指 supermarket)
2. groceries [pl.] food and other goods sold by a grocer or at a supermarket
• 食品杂货
♦ gro∙cery adj. [only before noun] :
 »the grocery bill
  食品杂货账单
pleased / pli:zd /
◙ adj.
1. ~ (with sb / sth) | ~ that... feeling happy about sth
• 高兴；满意；愉快:
 »She was very pleased with her exam results.
  她对考试成绩非常满意。
 »The boss should be pleased with you.
  上司应该对你满意了。
 »I'm really pleased that you're feeling better.
  你觉得好些了,我真高兴。
 »I'm pleased to hear about your news.
  听到你的消息我很高兴。
 »You're coming? I'm so pleased.
  你要来呀？我太高兴了。
 »He did not look too pleased when I told him.
  我告诉他时,他似乎不是很高兴。
--› note at glad
2. ~ to do sth happy or willing to do sth
• 高兴,乐于(做某事):
 »We are always pleased to be able to help.
  我们一向乐意能帮忙。
 »I was pleased to hear you've been promoted.
  听说你高升了,我很高兴。
 »Aren't you pleased to see me?
  见到我你不高兴吗？
 »(especially BrE) Pleased to meet you. (= said when you are introduced to sb)
  很高兴认识您。
 »Thank you for your invitation, which I am very pleased to accept.
  承蒙邀请,我欣然接受。
 »I am pleased to inform you that the book you ordered has arrived.
  谨此欣然奉告,您所订的书已到。
【IDIOMS】
◘ (as) ˌpleased as 'Punch
(BrE)
• very pleased
• 称心满意；自满自足
◘ far from 'pleased | ◘ none too 'pleased
• not pleased; angry
• 不悦；气愤:
 »She was none too pleased at having to do it all again.
  工作必须重做,这使她气愤不已。
◘ only too 'pleased (to do sth)
• very happy or willing to do sth
• 十分情愿,巴不得(做某事):
 »We're only too pleased to help.
  我们非常愿意帮忙。
◘ 'pleased with yourself
•(often disapproving) too proud of sth you have done
• 自鸣得意；飘飘然:
 »He was looking very pleased with himself.
  他显得沾沾自喜。
com∙ment / ˈkɔment; NAmE ˈkɑ:m- /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] ~ (about / on sth) something that you say or write which gives an opinion on or explains sb / sth
• 议论；评论；解释:
 »Have you any comment to make about the cause of the disaster?
  你对发生灾难的原因有何评论？
 »She made helpful comments on my work.
  她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。
 »The director was not available for comment.
  经理抽不出时间来作出评论。
 »He handed me the document without comment.
  他未作任何解释就把文件交给了我。
 »(especially BrE) What she said was fair comment (= a reasonable criticism).
  她所讲的是合乎情理的批评。
--› note at statement
2. [sing., U] criticism that shows the faults of sth
• 批评；指责:
 »The results are a clear comment on government education policy.
  这些结果是对政府教育政策明显的批评。
 »There was a lot of comment about his behaviour.
  对他的行为举止有很多的议论。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌno 'comment
(said in reply to a question, usually from a journalist 通常用于回答记者的问题)
• ɪ have nothing to say about that
• 无可奉告:
 »'Will you resign, sir?' 'No comment!'
  "先生,你会辞职吗？" "无可奉告！"
◙ verb
• ~ (on / upon sth) to express an opinion about sth
• 表达意见:
▪ [V]
 »I don't feel I can comment on their decision.
  我觉得我无法对他们的决定作出评论。
 »He refused to comment until after the trial.
  他拒绝在审判前作任何评论。
▪ [V that]
 »A spokesperson commented that levels of carbon dioxide were very high.
  发言人称二氧化碳的含量很高。
▪ [V speech]
 »'Not his best performance,' she commented to the woman sitting next to her.
  "这不是他的最佳表演。"她对坐在她旁边的女士议论道。
men∙tal / ˈmentl /
◙ adj.
1. [usually before noun] connected with or happening in the mind; involving the process of thinking
• 思想的；精神的；思考的；智力的:
 »the mental process of remembering
  记忆的心理过程
 »Do you have a mental picture of what it will look like?
  在你脑子里它会是什么样子？
 »I made a mental note to talk to her about it.
  我记着要去和她谈谈这事儿。
 »He has a complete mental block (= difficulty in understanding or remembering) when it comes to physics.
  他对物理一窍不通。
2. [usually before noun] connected with the state of health of the mind or with the treatment of illnesses of the mind
• 精神病治疗的；精神健康的
【SYN】 psychological :
 »mental health
  精神健康
 »a mental disorder / illness / hospital
  精神紊乱/病 / 病院
 »She was suffering from physical and mental exhaustion.
  她当时已经是精疲力竭。
--› compare psychiatric
3. [not usually before noun] (BrE, slang) crazy
• 疯狂；发疯:
 »Watch him. He's mental.
  小心,他疯了。
 »My dad will go mental (= be very angry) when he finds out.
  我父亲要是发现了,他会气疯的。
trick / trik /
◙ noun
›› STH TO CHEAT SB 用以骗人
1. something that you do to make sb believe sth which is not true, or to annoy sb as a joke
• 诡计；花招；骗局；把戏:
 »They had to think of a trick to get past the guards.
  他们只好想出个计谋骗过岗哨。
 »The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher.
  孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄老师。
--› see also confidence trick , dirty trick (2)
›› STH CONFUSING 令人困惑的事
2. something that confuses you so that you see, understand, remember, etc. things in the wrong way
• 引起错觉(或记忆紊乱)的事物:
 »One of the problems of old age is that your memory can start to play tricks on you.
  老年人的问题之一是记忆可能紊乱起来。
 »Was there somebody standing there or was it a trick of the light ?
  是真的有人站在那儿还是光线引起的错觉？
›› ENTERTAINMENT 娱乐
3. a clever action that sb / sth performs as a way of entertaining people
• 戏法；把戏:
 »He amused the kids with conjuring tricks.
  他变戏法逗得孩子们直乐。
 »a card trick
  纸牌戏法
--› see also hat-trick
›› GOOD METHOD 好方法
4. [usually sing.] a way of doing sth that works well; a good method
• 技巧；诀窍；窍门:
 »The trick is to pick the animal up by the back of its neck.
  窍门在于抓住动物的后脖颈把它提起来。
 »He used the old trick of attacking in order to defend himself.
  他采用了以攻为守的老招数。
›› IN CARD GAMES 纸牌游戏
5. the cards that you play or win in a single part of a card game
• 一圈；一墩；一圈所打(或赢)的牌:
 »I won six tricks in a row.
  我接连赢了六墩牌。
【IDIOMS】
◘ a bag / box of 'tricks
•(informal) a set of methods or equipment that sb can use
• 一套措施；全部法宝
◘ be up to your (old) 'tricks
•(informal, disapproving) to be behaving in the same bad way as before
• 故技重演；耍老花招
◘ do the 'trick
•(informal) to succeed in solving a problem or achieving a particular result
• 奏效；起作用；达到目的:
 »I don't know what it was that did the trick, but I am definitely feeling much better.
  我不知道是什么起的作用,但是我确实觉得好多了。
◘ every trick in the 'book
• every available method, whether it is honest or not
• 无所不用其极；浑身解数:
 »He'll try every trick in the book to stop you from winning.
  他将使尽浑身解数阻止你取胜。
◘ have a 'trick, some more 'tricks, etc. up your sleeve
• to have an idea, some plans, etc. that you keep ready to use if it becomes necessary
• 袖藏玄机；胸有成竹；自有锦囊妙计
◘ ˌtrick or 'treat
• said by children who visit people's houses at Halloween and threaten to play tricks on people who do not give them sweets / candy
• 是请吃糖,还是想遭殃(万圣节时儿童挨家索要糖果用语,扬言若不给糖就捣乱戏弄别人)
◘ the ˌtricks of the 'trade
• the clever ways of doing things, known and used by people who do a particular job or activity
• (某一行业或活动的)绝招,绝活,门道,生意经
◘ ˌturn a 'trick
(NAmE, slang)
• to have sex with sb for money
• 接客卖淫
--› more at miss v., teach
◙ verb [VN]
• to make sb believe sth which is not true, especially in order to cheat them
• 欺骗；欺诈:
 »I'd been tricked and I felt stupid.
  我被人骗了,觉得自己真傻。
 »He managed to trick his way past the security guards.
  他想方设法骗过保安员走了。
--› note at cheat
【PHR V】
◘ ˌtrick sb 'into sth / into doing sth
• to make sb do sth by means of a trick
• 诱使某人做某事:
 »He tricked me into lending him £100.
  他骗我借给了他 100 英镑。
◘ ˌtrick sb 'out of sth
• to get sth from sb by means of a trick
• 从某人处骗走某物:
 »She was tricked out of her life savings.
  她被骗走了一生的积蓄。
◘ ˌtrick sb / sth∽'out (in / with sth) (literary)
• to dress or decorate sb / sth in a way that attracts attention
• 打扮(或装饰)得引人注目
◙ adj. [only before noun]
1. intended to trick sb
• 为欺骗的；使人产生错觉:
 »It was a trick question (= one to which the answer seems easy but actually is not).
  那是个容易使人上当的问题。
 »It's all done using trick photography (= photography that uses clever techniques to show things that do not actually exist or are impossible).
  这都是利用特技摄影产生的假象。
2. (NAmE) (of part of the body 身体部位) weak and not working well
• 虚弱有毛病的:
 »a trick knee
  膝软
aim / eim /
◙ noun
1. [C] the purpose of doing sth; what sb is trying to achieve
• 目的；目标:
 »the aims of the lesson
  本课教学目标
 »She went to London with the aim of finding a job.
  她去伦敦是为了找工作。
 »Our main aim is to increase sales in Europe.
  我们的主要目标是增加在欧洲的销售量。
 »Bob's one aim in life is to earn a lot of money.
  鲍勃唯一的人生目标就是挣很多的钱。
 »Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims.
  要达到这些目标需要齐心协力。
 »She set out the company's aims and objectives in her speech.
  她在讲话中提出了公司的各项目标。
--› note at purpose
2. [U] the action or skill of pointing a weapon at sb / sth
• 瞄准:
 »Her aim was good and she hit the lion with her first shot.
  她瞄得准,第一枪就打中了狮子。
 »The gunman took aim (= pointed his weapon) and fired.
  持枪歹徒瞄准后就射击了。
【IDIOMS】
◘ take 'aim at sb / sth
(NAmE)
• to direct your criticism at sb / sth
• 把目标对准某人(或某事物)；把批评的矛头指向某人(或某事物)
◙ verb
1. ~ (at doing sth) | ~ (at / for sth) to try or plan to achieve sth
• 力求达到；力争做到:
▪ [V]
 »The government is aiming at a 50% reduction in unemployment.
  政府正力争减少 50% 的失业人数。
 »They're aiming at training everybody by the end of the year.
  他们力求做到在年底前人人得到培训。
 »We should aim for a bigger share of the market.
  我们应该努力争取更大的市场份额。
 »He has always aimed high (= tried to achieve a lot).
  他总是心气很高。
▪ [V to inf]
 »They are aiming to reduce unemployment by 50%.
  他们正力求使失业人数下降 50%。
 »We aim to be there around six.
  我们力争六点钟左右到那里。
2. [VN] be aimed at to have sth as an aim
• 目的是；旨在:
 »These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime.
  这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。
3. ~ (sth) (at sb / sth) | ~ (for sb / sth) to point or direct a weapon, a shot, a kick, etc. at sb / sth
• 瞄准；对准:
▪ [V]
 »I was aiming at the tree but hit the car by mistake.
  我对准树射击,不料误中了汽车。
 »Aim for the middle of the target.
  瞄准靶心。
▪ [VN]
 »The gun was aimed at her head.
  枪瞄准了她的头。
4. [VN] [usually passive] ~ sth at sb to say or do sth that is intended to influence or affect a particular person or group
• 针对；对象是:
 »The book is aimed at very young children.
  这本书的对象是幼童。
 »My criticism wasn't aimed at you.
  我的批评不是针对你的。
na∙tion∙wide / ˌneiʃnˈwaid /
◙ adj.
• happening or existing in all parts of a particular country
• 全国性的；遍及全国的；全国范围的:
 »a nationwide campaign
  全国性运动
♦ na∙tion∙wide adv.:
 »The company has over 500 stores nationwide.
  这家公司在全国各地有 500 多家商店。
cam∙paign / kæmˈpein /
◙ noun
1. ~ (against / for sth) a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim
• 运动(为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动):
 »to conduct a campaign
  领导一场运动
 »a campaign against ageism in the workplace
  反对在工作场所实行年龄歧视的运动
 »the campaign for parliamentary reform
  要求议会进行改革的运动
 »an anti-smoking campaign
  反对吸烟的运动
 »Today police launched (= began) a campaign to reduce road accidents.
  警方今天已开展了一场减少道路交通事故的运动。
 »an advertising campaign
  一场广告宣传运动
 »an election campaign
  竞选运动
 »the President's campaign team / manager
  总统的竞选班子/主管
2. a series of attacks and battles that are intended to achieve a particular military aim during a war
• 战役
◙ verb
• ~ (for / against sb / sth) to take part in or lead a campaign, for example to achieve political change or in order to win an election
• 参加运动,领导运动(如为实现政治变革或赢得竞选胜利):
▪ [V]
 »We have campaigned against whaling for the last 15 years.
  我们最近 15 年一直参加反对捕鲸的运动。
 »The party campaigned vigorously in the north of the country.
  该党在本国北部展开了强有力的竞选运动。
▪ [V to inf]
 »They are campaigning to save the area from building development.
  他们正开展一场反对在这个地区进行房地产开发的运动。
♦ cam∙paign∙ing noun [U]
motto / ˈmɔtəu; NAme ˈmɑ:tou /
◙ noun (pl. -oes or -os)
• a short sentence or phrase that expresses the aims and beliefs of a person, a group, an institution, etc. and is used as a rule of behaviour
• 座右铭；格言；箴言:
 »The school's motto is: 'Duty, Honour, Country'.
  这所学校的校训是:"责任、荣誉、国家"。
 »'Live and let live.' That's my motto.
  "待人宽如待己。"这就是我的座右铭。
cig∙ar∙ette / ˌsiɡəˈret; NAmE ˈsiɡəret /
◙ noun
• a thin tube of paper filled with tobacco , for smoking
• 香烟；纸烟；卷烟:
 »a packet / pack of cigarettes
  一包香烟
 »to light a cigarette
  点燃一支香烟
bene∙fit / ˈbenifit /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] an advantage that sth gives you; a helpful and useful effect that sth has
• 优势；益处；成效:
 »I've had the benefit of a good education.
  我得益于受过良好教育。
 »The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned.
  新规章将使所有有关人员受益。
 »It will be to your benefit to arrive early.
  早到将会对你有利。
 »He couldn't see the benefit of arguing any longer.
  他看不出再争论下去有什么好处。
 »the benefits of modern medicine
  现代医学的助益
 »It was good to see her finally reaping the benefits (= enjoying the results) of all her hard work.
  看到她终于收获辛勤劳动的成果令人欣慰。
--› see also cost-benefit , fringe benefit
2. [U, C] (BrE) money provided by the government to people who need financial help because they are unemployed, ill / sick, etc.
• 福利费(政府对失业者、病人等提供的补助金)
--› see also child benefit , housing benefit , sickness benefit
3. [C, usually pl.] an advantage that you get from a company in addition to the money that you earn; money from an insurance company
• (公司发的)奖金,补贴；(保险公司发的)给付:
 »The insurance plan will provide substantial cash benefits to your family in case of your death.
  投保人一旦死亡,该项保险将支付给其家属相当可观的保险金。
--› see also fringe benefit
4. [C] an event such as a performance, a dinner, etc., organized in order to raise money for a particular person or charity
• 慈善(或公益)活动:
 »a benefit match / concert
  义赛；慈善音乐会
【IDIOMS】
◘ for sb's benefit
• especially in order to help or be useful to sb
• 为帮助某人；为某人的利益:
 »I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week.
  我帮上星期缺席的人打印了些上课的要点。
 »Don't go to any trouble for my benefit!
  别为我费工夫！
◘ give sb the ˌbenefit of the 'doubt
• to accept that sb has told the truth or has not done sth wrong because you cannot prove that they have not
• (在证据不足的情况下)假定某人说实话,假定某人没有错
◙ verb (-t- or -tt-)
1. [VN] to be useful to sb or improve their life in some way
• 对(某人)有用；使受益:
 »We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.
  我们应该把这笔钱花在大家都能得益的事上。
2. [V] ~ (from / by sth) to be in a better position because of sth
• 得益于；得利于:
 »Who exactly stands to benefit from these changes?
  到底是谁会从这些变革中直接获益？
pro∙mote / prəˈməut; NAme -ˈmout /
◙ verb [VN]
1. to help sth to happen or develop
• 促进；推动
【SYN】 encourage :
 »policies to promote economic growth
  促进经济增长的政策
 »a campaign to promote awareness of environmental issues
  提高环保意识的运动
2. ~ sth (as sth) to help sell a product, service, etc. or make it more popular by advertising it or offering it at a special price
• 促销；推销:
 »The band has gone on tour to promote their new album.
  这个乐队已开始巡回宣传他们的新唱片。
 »The area is being promoted as a tourist destination.
  这个地区正被推广为旅游点。
3. ~ sb (from sth) (to sth) [often passive] to move sb to a higher rank or more senior job
• 提升；晋升:
 »She worked hard and was soon promoted.
  她工作勤奋,不久就得到提升了。
 »He has been promoted to sergeant.
  他已晋升为巡佐。
【OPP】 demote
4. ~ sth (from sth) (to sth) to move a sports team from playing with one group of teams to playing in a better group
• 将(体育运动队)晋级:
 »They were promoted to the First Division last season.
  上个赛季他们晋升为甲级队。
【OPP】 relegate
in∙tel∙li∙gence / inˈtelidʒəns /
◙ noun [U]
1. the ability to learn, understand and think in a logical way about things; the ability to do this well
• 智力；才智；智慧:
 »a person of high / average / low intelligence
  智力高的/一般的/低下的人
 »He didn't even have the intelligence to call for an ambulance.
  他连呼叫救护车的头脑都没有。
--› see also artificial intelligence
2. secret information that is collected, for example about a foreign country, especially six that is an enemy; the people that collect this information
• (机密)情报；情报人员:
 »intelligence reports
  情报人员的报告
 »the US Central Intelligence Agency
  美国中央情报局
slave / sleiv /
◙ noun
1. a person who is legally owned by another person and is forced to work for them
• 奴隶:
 »She treated her daughter like a slave.
  她对待女儿像对待奴隶一样。
2. ~ of / to sth a person who is so strongly influenced by sth that they cannot live without it, or cannot make their own decisions
• 完全受(某事物)控制的人；完全依赖(某事物)的人:
 »We are slaves of the motor car.
  我们离不了汽车。
 »Sue's a slave to fashion.
  苏是个拚命赶时髦的人。
3. (technical 术语) a device that is directly controlled by another one
• 从动装置
◙ verb [V , usually +adv. / prep.]
• ~ (away) (at sth) to work very hard
• 苦干；辛勤地工作:
 »I've been slaving away all day trying to get this work finished.
  我整天苦干,想把这项工作赶完。
 »I haven't got time to spend hours slaving over a hot stove (= doing a lot of cooking).
  我没时间老围着灶台转。
con∙sult / kənˈsʌlt /
◙ verb
1. ~ sb (about sth) to go to sb for information or advice
• 咨询；请教:
▪ [VN]
 »If the pain continues, consult your doctor.
  如果疼痛持续不消退,要请医生诊治。
 »Have you consulted your lawyer about this?
  你就此事咨询过你的律师吗？
▪ [V]
 »a consulting engineer (= one who has expert knowledge and gives advice)
  顾问工程师
2. ~ (with) sb (about / on sth) to discuss sth with sb to get their permission for sth, or to help you make a decision
• (与某人)商议,商量(以得到许可或帮助决策):
▪ [VN]
 »You shouldn't have done it without consulting me.
  你不该不和我商量就做了这件事。
 »I expect to be consulted about major issues.
  我认为重大问题必须找我商量。
▪ [V]
 »I need to consult with my colleagues on the proposals.
  我需要和我的同事商讨这些建议。
3. [VN] to look in or at sth to get information
• 查阅；查询；参看
【SYN】 refer to :
 »He consulted the manual.
  他查阅了使用说明书。
com∙pre∙hen∙sion / ˌkɔmpriˈhenʃn; NAmE ˌkɑ:m- /
◙ noun
1. [U] the ability to understand
• 理解力；领悟能力:
 »speech and comprehension
  说话能力和理解力
 »His behaviour was completely beyond comprehension (= impossible to understand).
  他的举止完全令人费解。
 »She had no comprehension of what was involved.
  她不明白所涉及的事情。
2. [U, C] an exercise that trains students to understand a language
• (语言学习中的)理解练习(或训练):
 »listening comprehension
  听力练习
 »a reading comprehension
  阅读理解练习
lat∙est / ˈleitist /
◙ adj. [only before noun]
• the most recent or newest
• 最近的；最新的:
 »the latest unemployment figures
  最新失业数字
 »the latest craze / fashion / trend
  最新时尚/款式/动向
 »her latest novel
  她最近出版的小说
 »Have you heard the latest news?
  你得到最新消息了吗？
◙ noun [U]
• the latest (informal) the most recent or the newest thing or piece of news
• 最新事物；最新消息:
 »This is the latest in robot technology.
  这是最新的机器人技术。
 »Have you heard the latest?
  你得到最新消息了吗？
【IDIOMS】
◘ at the 'latest
• no later than the time or the date mentioned
• 最迟；最晚；至迟:
 »Applications should be in by next Monday at the latest.
  最迟须于下星期一递交申请书。
ˌbest-'seller (also best∙seller) / ˌbestˈselə(r) /
◙ noun
• a product, usually a book, which is bought by large numbers of people
• 畅销品；畅销书:
 »the best-seller list
  畅销书榜
♦ ˌbest-'selling adj.:
 »a best-selling novel / author
  畅销小说；畅销书作者
amazed / əˈmeizd /
◙ adj.
• ~ (at / by sb / sth) | ~ (how / that...) | ~ (to see, find, learn, etc.) very surprised
• 大为惊奇:
 »an amazed silence
  惊愕得一片默然
 »I was amazed at her knowledge of French literature.
  她的法国文学知识之丰富使我大为惊奇。
 »We were amazed by his generosity.
  他的慷慨令我们喜出望外。
 »I was banging so loudly I'm amazed (that) they didn't hear me.
  我把门敲得砰砰响。真奇怪,他们居然没有听见。
 »She was amazed how little he had changed.
  她惊诧的是他竟然没怎么改变。
 »We were amazed to find that no six was hurt.
  我们很惊异地发现竟没有人受伤。
rec∙om∙mend / ˌrekəˈmend /
◙ verb
1. [VN] ~ sb / sth (to sb) (for / as sth) to tell sb that sth is good or useful, or that sb would be suitable for a particular job, etc.
• 推荐；举荐；介绍:
 »Can you recommend a good hotel?
  你能推荐一家好的饭店吗？
 »I recommend the book to all my students.
  我向我所有的学生都推荐这本书。
 »She was recommended for the post by a colleague.
  她获得同事推荐到这个岗位。
 »The hotel's new restaurant comes highly recommended (= a lot of people have praised it).
  这家酒店的新餐厅得到了人们的普遍赞扬。
2. to advise a particular course of action; to advise sb to do sth
• 劝告；建议:
▪ [VN]
 »The report recommended a 10% pay increase.
  报告提议工资增加 10%。
 »It is dangerous to exceed the recommended dose.
  超过建议使用的剂量会有危险。
 »a recommended price of $50
  建议售价 50 元
▪ [V (that)]
 »I recommend (that) he see a lawyer.
  我建议他去找个律师。 (BrE also)
 »I recommend (that) he should see a lawyer.
  我建议他去找个律师。
▪ [VN (that)]
 »It is strongly recommended that the machines should be checked every year.
  建议每年一定把机器检修一次。
▪ [VN to inf]
 »We'd recommend you to book your flight early.
  我们建议你早点儿预订航班。
▪ [V -ing]
 »He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.
  他建议先看这本书,再去看这部电影。
▪ [also VN -ing , V wh-]
3. [VN] ~ sb / sth (to sb) to make sb / sth seem attractive or good
• 使显得吸引人；使受欢迎
【SYN】 commend :
 »This system has much to recommend it.
  这套系统有很多可取之处。
pub∙lish∙er / ˈpʌbliʃə(r) /
◙ noun
• a person or company that prepares and prints books, magazines, newspapers or electronic products and makes them available to the public
• 出版人(或机构)；发行人(或机构)
se∙nior / ˈsi:niə(r) /
◙ adj.
›› OF HIGH RANK 级别高
1. ~ (to sb) high in rank or status; higher in rank or status than others
• 级别(或地位)高的:
 »a senior officer / manager / lecturer, etc.
  高级军官、高级经理、高级讲师等
 »a senior partner in a law firm
  律师事务所的主要合伙人
 »a senior post / position
  高级职务/职位
 »I have ten years' experience at senior management level.
  我有十年的高层管理经验。
 »(BrE) Junior nurses usually work alongside more senior nurses.
  初级护士通常和较高级的护士一起工作。
 »He is senior to me.
  他的职位比我高。
 »The meeting should be chaired by the most senior person present.
  会议应由在座的职位最高的人主持。
【OPP】 junior
›› IN SPORT 体育运动
2. [only before noun] for adults or people at a more advanced level
• 成人的；高级水平的:
 »to take part in senior competitions
  参加成人比赛
 »He won the senior men's 400 metres.
  他获得男子甲组 400 米冠军。
›› FATHER 父亲
3. Senior (abbr. Snr., Sr) used after the name of a man who has the same name as his son, to avoid confusion
• (父子同名时,加在父亲的名字前)老,大
--› compare junior adj. (3)
›› SCHOOL / COLLEGE 中学；大学
4. [only before noun] (BrE) (of a school or part of a school 学校或其中一部份) for children over the age of 11 or 13
• (招收 11 或 13 岁以上学生的)中等学校,中学部
5. [only before noun] (NAmE) connected with the last year in high school or college
• (高中或大学)毕业年级的:
 »the senior prom
  毕业年级舞会
◙ noun
›› OLDER PERSON 较年长的人
1. a person who is older than sb else
• 较…年长的人:
 »She was ten years his senior.
  她比他大十岁。
 »My brother is my senior by two years.
  我哥哥比我大两岁。
--› compare junior
2. (especially NAmE) = senior citizen
›› HIGHER RANK 较高级别
3. a person who is higher in rank or status
• 级别(或地位)较高者；上级；上司:
 »She felt unappreciated both by her colleagues and her seniors.
  她觉得无论同事还是上司都不赏识她。
›› IN SPORT 体育运动
4. adults or people who have reached an advanced level
• 资深成人运动员；高水平运动员:
 »tennis coaching for juniors and seniors
  初、高级网球运动员训练
›› IN SCHOOL / COLLEGE 中学/大学里
5. (BrE) a child at a senior school; an older child in a school
• 中学生；高年级学生
6. (in the US and some other countries) a student in the last year at a high school or college
• (美国等若干国家高中和大学的)毕业班学生:
 »high school seniors
  高中毕业班学生
--› compare sophomore
pur∙chase / ˈpə:tʃəs; NAme ˈpə:rtʃəs /
◙ noun (formal)
1. [U, C] the act or process of buying sth
• 购买；采购:
 »to make a purchase (= buy sth)
  采购
 »Keep your receipt as proof of purchase.
  保存好收据作为购货凭证。
 »The company has just announced its £27 million purchase of Park Hotel.
  这家公司刚刚宣布以 2 700 万英镑买下了帕克宾馆。
--› see also hire purchase
2. [C] something that you have bought
• 购买的东西；购买项目:
 »major purchases, such as a new car
  新汽车之类的巨额购买项目
 »If you are not satisfied with your purchase we will give you a full refund.
  所购之物若不合意,我们将全额退款。
3. [U, sing.] (technical 术语) a firm hold on sth with the hands or feet, for example when you are climbing
• 握紧；抓牢；蹬稳
【SYN】 grip :
 »She tried to get a purchase on the slippery rock.
  她设法抓牢光滑的岩石。
◙ verb [VN]
• ~ sth (from sb) (formal) to buy sth
• 买；购买；采购:
 »The equipment can be purchased from your local supplier.
  这种设备可从您当地的供应商购买。
 »They purchased the land for $1 million.
  他们以 100 万元买下了这块土地。
 »(figurative) Victory was purchased (= achieved) at too great a price.
  这次胜利的代价太大了。
de∙sign∙er / diˈzainə(r) /
◙ noun
• a person whose job is to decide how things such as clothes, furniture, tools, etc. will look or work by making drawings, plans or patterns
• 设计者；构思者:
 »a fashion / jewellery, etc. designer
  时装、珠宝等设计师
 »an industrial designer
  工业设计师
◙ adj. [only before noun]
• made by a famous designer ; expensive and having a famous brand name
• 由著名设计师设计的；标有设计师姓名的；名牌的:
 »designer jeans
  名牌牛仔裤
 »designer labels
  设计师品牌
 »designer water
  名牌饮用水
 »He had a trendy haircut, an earring and designer stubble (= a short beard, grown for ten or seven days and thought to look fashionable).
  他理了个时髦的发型,戴着一只耳环,还留着时髦的胡子楂。
soft∙ware / ˈsɔftweə(r); NAme ˈsɔ:ftwer /
◙ noun [U]
• the programs, etc. used to operate a computer
• 软件； 软体:
 »application / system software
  应用/系统软件
 »design / educational / music-sharing, etc. software
  设计、教育、音乐共享等软件
 »to install / run a piece of software
  安装/运行一个软件
 »Will the software run on my machine?
  这个软件在我的机器上能用吗？
--› compare hardware (1)
tip / tip /
◙ noun
›› END OF STH 末端
1. the thin pointed end of sth
• 尖端；尖儿；端:
 »the tips of your fingers
  手指尖
 »the tip of your nose
  你的鼻尖
 »the northern tip of the island
  岛的北端
--› see also fingertip
2. a small part that fits on or over the end of sth
• (装在顶端的)小部件:
 »a walking stick with a rubber tip
  带橡皮头的手杖
--› see also felt-tip pen , filter tip
›› ADVICE 建议
3. ~ (on / for sth) | ~ (on / for doing sth) a small piece of advice about sth practical
• 指点；实用的提示
【SYN】 hint :
 »handy tips for buying a computer
  购买电脑几点有用的提示
 »useful tips on how to save money
  几个省钱的窍门儿
4. (informal) a secret or expert piece of advice about what the result of a competition, etc. is likely to be, especially about which horse is likely to win a race
• (尤指有关赛马的)内幕消息,指点:
 »a hot tip for the big race
  来自赛马大赛的最新内幕消息
›› EXTRA MONEY 额外的钱
5. a small amount of extra money that you give to sb, for example sb who serves you in a restaurant
• 小费；小账:
 »to leave a tip
  留小费
 »He gave the waiter a generous tip.
  他给了服务员很多小费。
›› FOR RUBBISH 垃圾
6. (BrE) a place where you can take rubbish / garbage and leave it
• 垃圾场；垃圾堆
›› UNTIDY PLACE 脏乱处
7. (BrE, informal, disapproving) an untidy place
• 脏乱的地方
【SYN】 dump :
 »Their flat is a tip!
  他们的寓所简直是个猪窝！
【IDIOMS】
◘ on the tip of your 'tongue
• if a word or name is on the tip of your tongue, you are sure that you know it but you cannot remember it
• 话在嘴边上(却一时想不起来)
◘ the tip of the 'iceberg
• only a small part of a much larger problem
• (问题的)冰山一角,端倪
◙ verb (-pp-)
›› LEAN / POUR / PUSH AT AN ANGLE 倾斜地倚/倒 / 推
1. [usually +adv. / prep.] to move so that one end or side is higher than the other; to move sth into this position
• (使)倾斜,倾倒,翻覆
【SYN】 tilt :
▪ [V]
 »The boat tipped to one side.
  船向一边倾斜。
 »The seat tips forward to allow passengers into the back.
  座位向前放倒,好让乘客进入车的后部。
▪ [VN]
 »She tipped her head back and laughed loudly.
  她把头一仰,哈哈大笑起来。
2. [VN +adv. / prep.] to make sth / sb come out of a container or its / their position by holding or lifting it / them at an angle
• 倒出；倾倒；倾覆:
 »She tipped the dirty water down the drain.
  她把脏水倒入了下水道。
 »The bus stopped abruptly, nearly tipping me out of my seat.
  公共汽车突然刹车,差点儿把我从座位上甩出去。
3. [VN +adv. / prep.] to touch sth lightly so that it moves in a particular direction
• 轻触；轻碰:
 »The goalkeeper just managed to tip the ball over the crossbar.
  守门员刚好把球捅出球门的横梁。
›› LEAVE RUBBISH 丢垃圾
4. (BrE) to leave rubbish / garbage somewhere outdoors in order to get rid of it
• (在户外)倒垃圾:
▪ [V]
 »'No tipping.' (= for example, on a notice)
  "此处禁止倒垃圾。"
▪ [also VN]
›› GIVE EXTRA MONEY 额外付款
5. to give sb an extra amount of money to thank them for sth they have done for you as part of their job
• 给小费；付小账:
▪ [V]
 »Americans were always welcome because they tended to tip heavily.
  美国人总是受欢迎,因为他们往往给很多小费。
▪ [VN]
 »Did you remember to tip the waiter?
  你记住给服务员小费了吗？
▪ [VNN]
 »She tipped the porter a dollar.
  她给了行李工一元的小费。
›› PREDICT SUCCESS 预测成功
6. ~ sb / sth (as / for sth) to say in advance that sb / sth will be successful
• 预言…获胜；事先说…会成功:
▪ [VN]
 »The band is being tipped for the top.
  人们说这支乐队将位居榜首。
 »The senator has been tipped by many as a future president.
  许多人猜测这位参议员将会继任总统。
▪ [VN to inf]
 »The actor is tipped to win an Oscar for his performance.
  这位演员因表演出色而被认为有望获得奥斯卡奖。
›› COVER END 覆盖端头
7. [VN] [usually passive] ~ sth (with sth) to cover the end or edge of sth with a colour, a substance, etc.
• (用颜色、物质等)覆盖…的末端,遮盖…的边:
 »The wings are tipped with yellow.
  翅膀的尖端呈黄色。
◘ it is / was 'tipping (it) down
(BrE, informal)
• it is / was raining heavily
• 大雨倾盆；大雨如注
◘ tip the 'balance / 'scales
(also swing the 'balance)
• to affect the result of sth in one way rather than another
• 使天平倾斜；使结果倾向某方；起决定性作用:
 »In an interview, smart presentation can tip the scales in your favour.
  在面试中,机敏的表现是一种有利的条件。
◘ tip your 'hand
(NAmE) = show your hand / cards at show v.
◘ tip the scales at sth
• to weigh a particular amount
• 重量为:
 »He tipped the scales at just over 80 kilos.
  他称得体重刚过 80 公斤。
◘ tip sb the 'wink | ◘ tip the 'wink to sb
(BrE, informal)
• to give sb secret information that they can use to gain an advantage for themselves
• 给某人密送情报
--› more at hat
【PHR V】
◘ ˌtip sb∽'off (about sth) (informal)
• to warn sb about sth that is going to happen, especially sth illegal
• 暗中警告,私下告诫,密报(尤指非法的事情):
 »Three men were arrested after police were tipped off about the raid.
  警方获得有关袭击的密报后,逮捕了三个人。
▪ [+ that ]
 »They were tipped off that he might be living in Wales.
  他们探得风声他可能住在威尔士。
--› related noun tip-off
◘ ˌtip 'up / 'over ◘ | ˌtip sth∽'up / 'over
• to fall or turn over; to make sth do this
• (使)跌倒,倾覆:
 »The mug tipped over, spilling hot coffee everywhere.
  杯子倒了,热咖啡溅得到处都是。
 »We'll have to tip the sofa up to get it through the door.
  我们必须把沙发翻转过来才能搬过房门。
'eye-catching
◙ adj.
• (of a thing 事物) immediately noticeable because it is particularly interesting, bright or attractive
• 惹人注意的；引人注目的:
 »an eye-catching advertisement
  醒目的广告
logo / ˈləuɡəu; NAme ˈlouɡou /
◙ noun (pl. -os)
• a printed design or symbol that a company or an organization uses as its special sign
• (某公司或机构的)标识,标志,徽标
slo∙gan / ˈsləuɡən; NAme ˈslou- / (also NAmE informal 'tag line)
◙ noun
• a word or phrase that is easy to remember, used for example by a political party or in advertising to attract people's attention or to suggest an idea quickly
• 标语；口号:
 »an advertising slogan
  广告口号
 »a campaign slogan
  竞选口号
 »The crowd began chanting anti-government slogans.
  人群开始反复高呼反政府口号。
cor∙por∙ation / ˌkɔ:pəˈreiʃn; NAmE ˌkɔ:rp- /
◙ noun
1. (abbr. Corp.) a large business company
• (大)公司:
 »multinational corporations
  跨国公司
 »the Chrysler corporation
  克莱斯勒公司
2. an organization or a group of organizations that is recognized by law as a single unit
• 法人；法人团体:
 »urban development corporations
  城市开发集团公司
3. (BrE) a group of people elected to govern a large town or city and provide public services
• 市政委员会
bar / bɑ:(r) /
◙ noun
›› FOR DRINKS / FOOD 饮食
1. [C] a place where you can buy and drink alcoholic and other drinks
• 酒吧:
 »We met at a bar called the Flamingo.
  我们在一家名为弗拉明戈的酒吧相遇。
 »the island's only licensed bar (= six that is allowed to sell alcoholic drinks)
  岛上唯一有酒类销售许可证的酒吧
 »a cocktail bar
  鸡尾酒酒吧
 »(BrE) I found David in the bar of the Red Lion (= a room in a pub where drinks are served).
  我在红狮酒吧找到了戴维。
--› see also barroom , lounge bar , minibar , public bar , saloon bar at saloon
2. [C] a long wide wooden surface where drinks, etc. are served
• (出售饮料等的)柜枱:
 »She was sitting at the bar.
  她坐在酒吧的柜枱那里。
 »It was so crowded I couldn't get to the bar.
  人太多了,我无法挤到柜枱那儿。
3. [C] (especially in compounds 尤用于构成复合词) a place in which a particular kind of food or drink is the main thing that is served
• (专售某类饮食的)小吃店,馆,处所:
 »a sandwich bar
  三明治店
 »a coffee bar
  咖啡馆
--› see also oxygen bar , snack bar , wine bar
›› OF CHOCOLATE / SOAP 巧克力；肥皂
4. [C] a piece of sth with straight sides
• (长方形)条,块:
 »a bar of chocolate / soap
  一条巧克力/肥皂
 »candy bars
  糖棒
›› OF METAL / WOOD 金属；木材
5. [C] a long straight piece of metal or wood. Bars are often used to stop sb from getting through a space.
• 长条,棒,栏杆(常用作护栏):
 »He smashed the window with an iron bar.
  他用铁棒敲碎了窗户。
 »All the ground floor windows were fitted with bars.
  底层所有的窗户都装了铁栅。
 »a five-bar gate (= six made with nine horizontal bars of wood)
  用五根横木条钉成的栅门
--› see also bull bars , roll bar , space bar , tow bar
›› IN ELECTRIC FIRE 电热炉
6. [C] a piece of metal with wire wrapped around it that becomes red and hot when electricity is passed through it
• 电热棒
›› IN SPORTS 体育运动
7. the bar [sing.] the crossbar of a goal
• (球门的)横梁:
 »His shot hit the bar.
  他射门击中球门的横梁。
›› OF COLOUR / LIGHT 颜色；光
8. [C] a band of colour or light
• 条；带:
 »Bars of sunlight slanted down from the tall narrow windows.
  一道道阳光从高高的狭窄窗口斜射下来。
›› THAT PREVENTS STH 障碍
9. [C, usually sing.] ~ (to sth) a thing that stops sb from doing sth
• 障碍；羁绊:
 »At that time being a woman was a bar to promotion in most professions.
  那时在大多数职业中,身为女性就是晋升的障碍。
--› see also colour bar
›› IN MUSIC 音乐
10. (BrE) (NAmE meas∙ure) [C] one of the short sections of equal length that a piece of music is divided into, and the notes that are in it
• (乐谱的)小节:
 »four beats to the bar
  小节的四拍
 »the opening bars of a piece of music
  乐曲开头的几个小节
›› LAW 法律
11. the Bar [sing.] (BrE) the profession of barrister (= a lawyer in a higher court)
• 大律师专业(可出席高等法庭):
 »to be called to the Bar (= allowed to work as a qualified barrister )
  获得大律师资格
12. the Bar [sing.] (NAmE) the profession of any kind of lawyer
• 律师专业
›› MEASUREMENT 度量
13. a unit for measuring the pressure of the atmosphere, equal to a hundred thousand newtons per square metre
• 巴(气压单位,等于 100 000 牛顿/平方米)
--› see also millibar
【IDIOMS】
◘ not have a 'bar of sth
(AustralE, NZE)
• to have nothing to do with sth
• 与(某事)无关；与(某事)毫不相干；不沾手:
 »If he tries to sell you his car, don't have a bar of it.
  他若是想要把车卖给你,你可别去理他。
◘ beˌhind 'bars
•(informal) in prison
• 蹲班房；被监禁；坐牢:
 »The murderer is now safely behind bars.
  杀人犯现在被关在监狱里,不会再造成危险了。
◙ verb
(-rr-)
▪ [VN]
›› CLOSE WITH BARS 用铁条等封住
1. [usually passive] to close sth with a bar or bars
• (用铁条或木条)封,堵:
 »All the doors and windows were barred.
  所有的门、窗都加上了铁条。
›› BLOCK 阻挡
2. to block a road, path, etc. so that nobody can pass
• 阻挡；拦住:
 »Two police officers were barring her exit.
  两名警察挡着她的出路。
 »We found our way barred by rocks.
  我们发现大石块挡住了我们的路。
›› PREVENT 阻止
3. ~ sb (from sth / from doing sth) to ban or prevent sb from doing sth
• 禁止,阻止(某人做某事):
 »The players are barred from drinking alcohol the night before a match.
  运动员在参赛前夜不得喝酒。
--› more at hold n.
◙ prep.
• except for sb / sth
• 除…外:
 »The students all attended, bar ten who were ill.
  除了两名生病,所有的学生都到了。
 »It's the best result we've ever had, bar none (= none was better).
  这是我们所取得的前所未有的最好成绩。
--› more at shouting
multi∙ply / ˈmʌltiplai /
◙ verb (multi∙plies, multi∙ply∙ing, multi∙plied, multi∙plied)
1. ~ (A by B) | ~ A and B (together) to add a number to itself a particular number of times
• 乘；乘以:
▪ [V]
 »The children are already learning to multiply and divide.
  孩子们已经开始学习乘法和除法了。
▪ [VN]
 »2 multiplied by 4 is / equals / makes 8 (2×4 = 8).
  * 2 乘以 4 等于 8。
 »Multiply 2 and 6 together and you get 12.
  * 2 和 6 相乘得 12。
2. to increase or make sth increase very much in number or amount
• 成倍增加；迅速增加:
▪ [V]
 »Our problems have multiplied since last year.
  自去年以来,我们的问题成倍增加。
▪ [VN]
 »Cigarette smoking multiplies the risk of cancer.
  抽烟会大大增加得癌症的风险。
3. (biology 生) to reproduce in large numbers; to make sth do this
• (使)繁殖,增殖:
▪ [V]
 »Rabbits multiply rapidly.
  兔子繁殖迅速。
▪ [VN]
 »It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory.
  在实验室里繁殖这些细菌是可能的。
de∙sign / diˈzain /
◙ noun
›› ARRANGEMENT 布置
1. [U, C] the general arrangement of the different parts of sth that is made, such as a building, book, machine, etc.
• 设计；布局；安排:
 »The basic design of the car is very similar to that of earlier models.
  这种汽车的基本设计与早期的样式非常相似。
 »special new design features
  特别的新型设计风格
 »The magazine will appear in a new design from next month.
  从下月起这本杂志将以新的设计问世。
›› DRAWING / PLAN / MODEL 图样；方案；模型
2. [U] the art or process of deciding how sth will look, work, etc. by drawing plans, making models, etc.
• 设计艺术；构思:
 »a course in art and design
  美术及设计课程
 »a design studio
  设计室
 »computer-aided design
  计算机辅助设计
 »the design and development of new products
  新产品的设计和开发
--› see also interior design
3. [C] ~ (for sth) a drawing or plan from which sth may be made
• 设计图样；设计方案:
 »designs for aircraft
  飞机的设计图样
 »new and original designs
  别具一格的新型设计方案
›› PATTERN 图案
4. [C] an arrangement of lines and shapes as a decoration
• 装饰图案；花纹
【SYN】 pattern :
 »floral / abstract / geometric designs
  花卉/抽象/几何图案
 »The tiles come in a huge range of colours and designs.
  瓷砖有各种各样的颜色和图案。
›› INTENTION 意图
5. [U, C] a plan or an intention
• 打算；意图；目的:
 »It happened—whether by accident or design —that the two of them were left alone after all the others had gone.
  碰巧——不知是偶然还是有意安排——其他人走后,只剩下了他们两个人。
 »It is all part of his grand design.
  这都是他那宏图大略的一部份。
【IDIOMS】
◘ have designs on sb
•(formal or humorous) to want to start a sexual relationship with sb
• 企图占有某人；存心与某人发生性关系；对…存心不良
◘ have designs on sth
•(formal) to be planning to get sth for yourself, often in a way that other people do not approve of
• 企图将某物据为己有；图谋得到某物；打…的鬼主意:
 »Rumours spread that the Duke had designs on the crown (= wanted to make himself king).
  谣传公爵觊觎王位。
◙ verb
›› DRAW PLANS 设计
1. ~ sth (for sb / sth) to decide how sth will look, work, etc., especially by drawing plans or making models
• 设计；制图；构思:
▪ [VN]
 »to design a car / a dress / an office
  设计汽车/连衣裙/办公室
 »a badly designed kitchen
  设计很糟糕的厨房
 »They asked me to design a poster for the campaign.
  他们请我为这次运动设计一张海报。
▪ [also VNN]
›› PLAN STH 计划
2. [VN] to think of and plan a system, a way of doing sth, etc.
• 计划；筹划；制订:
 »We need to design a new syllabus for the third year.
  我们需要为三年级学生制订一个新的课程大纲。
›› FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE 特定目的
3. [usually passive] ~ sth (for sth) | ~ sth (as sth) to make, plan or intend sth for a particular purpose or use
• 制造；设计；意欲:
▪ [VN]
 »The method is specifically designed for use in small groups.
  这方法是专为小组活动设计的。
▪ [VN to inf]
 »The programme is designed to help people who have been out of work for a long time.
  这项计划的目的是为长期失业者提供帮助。
up∙date / ˌʌpˈdeit /
◙ verb [VN]
1. to make sth more modern by adding new parts, etc.
• 使现代化；更新:
 »It's about time we updated our software.
  我们的软件应该更新了。
2. ~ sb (on sth) | ~ sth to give sb the most recent information about sth; to add the most recent information to sth
• 向…提供最新信息；给…增加最新信息
【SYN】 bring up to date :
 »I called the office to update them on the day's developments.
  我给办公室打电话告诉他们当天最新的发展。
 »Our records are regularly updated.
  我们的记录定期更新。
♦ up∙date / ˈʌpdeit / noun ~ (on sth):
 »a news update
  最新新闻报道
youth / ju:θ /
◙ noun (pl. youths / ju:ðz / )
1. əu] the time of life when a person is young, especially the time before a child becomes an adult
• 青年时期(尤指成年以前):
 »He had been a talented musician in his youth.
  他年轻时很有音乐天才。
2. [U] the quality or state of being young
• 年轻；青春；朝气:
 »She brings to the job a rare combination of youth and experience.
  她很年轻,然而干这份工作已有经验,这是很难得的。
3. [C] (often disapproving) a young man
• 青年男子；小伙子:
 »The fight was started by a gang of youths.
  这场打斗是一伙少年挑起来的。
4. (also the youth) [pl.] young people considered as a group
• (统称)青年,年轻人:
 »the nation's youth
  全国青年
 »the youth of today
  当代青年
 »youth culture
  年轻人的文化
 »youth unemployment
  青年失业问题
as∙pect / ˈæspekt /
◙ noun
1. [C] a particular part or feature of a situation, an idea, a problem, etc.; a way in which it may be considered
• 方面；层面:
 »The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.
  这本书旨在涵盖城市生活的各个方面。
 »the most important aspect of the debate
  这场辩论最重要的方面
 »She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect.
  她觉得她已从各个角度去考虑了这个问题。
 »This was six aspect of her character he hadn't seen before.
  这是他过去没有了解到的她的性格的一个方面。
2. [U, sing.] (formal) the appearance of a place, a situation or a person
• 样子；外观；外表:
 »Events began to take on a more sinister aspect.
  事情开始呈现较为不祥的征兆。
3. [C, usually sing.] (formal) the direction in which a building, window, piece of land, etc. faces; the side of a building which faces a particular direction
• 朝向；方位
【SYN】 orientation
4. [U, C] (grammar 语法) the form of a verb that shows, for example, whether the action happens once or repeatedly, is completed or still continuing
• (动词的)体(如表示动作等发生一次或多次、已完成或正在进行)
--› see also perfect adj. (7), progressive adj.(3)
CD / ˌsi: ˈdi: / (also disc)
◙ noun
• a small disc on which sound or information is recorded. CDs are played on a special machine called a CD player. CD is an abbreviation for 'compact disc'.
• 光盘,激光唱片, 光碟 , 镭射唱片 (全写为 compact disc)
re∙cipe / ˈresəpi /
◙ noun
1. ~ (for sth) a set of instructions that tells you how to cook sth and the ingredients (= items of food) you need for it
• 烹饪法；食谱:
 »a recipe for chicken soup
  鸡汤的做法
 »vegetarian recipes
  素菜食谱
 »a recipe book
  烹饪书
2. ~ for sth a method or an idea that seems likely to have a particular result
• 方法；秘诀；诀窍
【SYN】 formula :
 »His plans are a recipe for disaster.
  他的计划后患无穷。
 »What's her recipe for success?
  她成功的秘诀是什么？
yummy / ˈjʌmi /
◙ adj.
• (informal)very good to eat
• 很好吃的
【SYN】 delicious :
 »a yummy cake
  好吃的蛋糕
bar∙gain / ˈbɑ:ɡən; NAmE ˈbɑ:rɡən /
◙ noun
1. a thing bought for less than the usual price
• 减价品；便宜货:
 »I picked up a few good bargains in the sale.
  我在减价期间买了几样挺不错的便宜货。
 »The car was a bargain at that price.
  那辆车的价格真便宜。
 »bargain prices
  廉价
2. ~ (with sb) an agreement between two or more people or groups, to do sth for each other
• 协议；交易:
 »He and his partner had made a bargain to tell each other everything.
  他和他的合伙人约定,要互通信息,毫无保留。
 »I've done what I promised and I expect you to keep your side of the bargain (= do what you agreed in return).
  我已经履约,希望你也能遵守协议。
 »Finally the two sides struck a bargain (= reached an agreement).
  双方最终达成了协议。
【IDIOMS】
◘ into the 'bargain
(BrE) (NAmE also in the 'bargain) (used to emphasize an extra piece of information 强调额外的信息)
• also; as well
• 另外；而且；也:
 »Volunteers learn a lot and enjoy themselves into the bargain.
  志愿者在学到很多东西的同时还能得到乐趣。
--› more at hard adj., strike v.
◙ verb [V]
• ~ (with sb) (about / over / for sth) to discuss prices, conditions, etc. with sb in order to reach an agreement that is acceptable
• (与某人就某事)讨价还价,商讨条件
【SYN】 negotiate :
 »He said he wasn't prepared to bargain.
  他说他不愿讨价还价。
 »In the market dealers were bargaining with growers over the price of coffee.
  在市场上商人正和种植者就咖啡的价格进行商谈。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌbargain sth∽a'way
• to give sth away and not get sth of equal value in return
• 做亏本交易；贱卖:
 »They felt that their leaders had bargained away their freedom.
  他们认为他们的领导人以牺牲他们的自由做了交易。
◘ 'bargain for / on sth (usually in negative sentences 通常用于否定句)
• to expect sth to happen and be prepared for it
• 预料到；料想到:
 »We hadn't bargained for this sudden change in the weather.
  我们没有预料到这样的天气突变。
 »When he agreed to answer a few questions, he got more than he bargained for (= he got more questions, or more difficult ones, than he had expected).
  他同意回答几个问题,不料却招来了一堆难以回答的问题。
▪ [+ -ing ]
 »I didn't bargain on finding them here as well.
  我没想到还会在这里遇到他们。
 »I hadn't bargained on them being here.
  我没想到他们会在这里。
bonus / ˈbəunəs; NAmE ˈbou- /
◙ noun (pl. -es)
1. an extra amount of money that is added to a payment, especially to sb's wages as a reward
• 津贴；奖金；红利:
 »a £100 Christmas bonus
  * 100 英镑圣诞节奖金
 »productivity bonuses
  生产奖金
2. anything pleasant that is extra and more or better than you were expecting
• 意外收获:
 »Being able to walk to work is an added bonus of the new job.
  能够步行去上班是这份新工作额外的好处。
--› see also no-claims bonus
fancy / ˈfænsi /
◙ verb (fan∙cies, fancy∙ing, fan∙cied, fan∙cied)
1. (BrE, informal) to want sth or want to do sth
• 想要；想做
【SYN】 feel like :
▪ [VN]
 »Fancy a drink?
  想喝一杯吗？
 »She didn't fancy (= did not like) the idea of going home in the dark.
  她不喜欢黑夜回家这个主意。
▪ [V -ing]
 »Do you fancy going out this evening?
  今晚你想不想外出？
2. [VN] (BrE, informal) to be sexually attracted to sb
• 爱慕(异性):
 »I think she fancies me.
  我认为她爱我。
3. [VN] ~ yourself (BrE, informal, disapproving) to think that you are very popular, attractive or intelligent
• 自负；自命不凡:
 »He started to chat to me and I could tell that he really fancied himself.
  他和我聊起天来,我看得出他确实自以为了不起。
4. [VN-N] ~ yourself (as) sth (BrE) to like the idea of being sth or to believe, often wrongly, that you are sth
• 自认为是；自命为:
 »She fancies herself (as) a serious actress.
  她自以为是严肃的演员。
5. Fancy! (BrE, informal, becoming old-fashioned) used to show that you are surprised or shocked by sth
• (表示惊奇或震惊)真想不到,竟然
▪ [V]
 »Fancy! She's never been in a plane before.
  真想不到！她竟然从未坐过飞机。
▪ [V -ing]
 »Fancy meeting you here!
  竟然在这儿遇到你！
▪ [VN]
 »'She remembered my name after all those years.' ' Fancy that! '
  "过了那么多年她还记得我的名字。" "真是不可思议！"
6. (BrE)
• [VN] to think that sb will win or be successful at sth, especially in a race
• 认为…会成功；(尤指速度竞赛)认为…要赢:
 »Which horse do you fancy in the next race?
  下一轮赛马你认为哪匹马会赢？
 »He's hoping to get the job but I don't fancy his chances.
  他希望得到那份工作,不过我认为他的机会不大。
7. [V (that)] (literary) to believe or imagine sth
• 认为；想像:
 »She fancied (that) she could hear footsteps.
  她觉得好像听到了脚步声。
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [C, U] something that you imagine; your imagination
• 想像的事物；想像(力)
【SYN】 fantasy :
 »night-time fancies that disappear in the morning
  在早上逝去的夜间幻觉
 »a child's wild flights of fancy
  孩子的异想天开
2. [sing.] a feeling that you would like to have or to do sth
• 想要；爱好
【SYN】 whim :
 »She said she wanted a dog but it was only a passing fancy.
  她说想要一条狗,但这不过是一时心血来潮。
3. [C, usually pl.] (BrE) a small decorated cake
• 花色小蛋糕
【IDIOMS】
◘ as / whenever, etc. the fancy 'takes you
• as / whenever, etc. you feel like doing sth
• 当(或无论何时等)想做某事时:
 »We bought a camper van so we could go away whenever the fancy took us.
  我们买了一辆野营车,所以我们啥时想去野营就可以去。
◘ catch / take sb's 'fancy
• to attract or please sb
• 吸引某人；中某人的意:
 »She looked through the hotel advertisements until one of them caught her fancy.
  她仔细查看旅馆广告,终于有一家中了她的意。
◘ take a 'fancy to sb / sth
(especially BrE)
• to start liking sb / sth, often without an obvious reason
• 喜欢上,爱上(常指没有明显原因)
--› more at tickle v.
◙ adj. (fan∙cier, fan∙ci∙est)
1. unusually complicated, often in an unnecessary way; intended to impress other people
• 异常复杂的；太花巧的:
 »a kitchen full of fancy gadgets
  有各式各样小装置的厨房
 »They added a lot of fancy footwork to the dance.
  他们给这个舞蹈增加了许多复杂的舞步。
 »He's always using fancy legal words.
  他总是使用异常复杂的法律词语。
【OPP】 simple
2. [only before noun] (especially of small things 尤指小物件) with a lot of decorations or bright colours
• 精致的；有精美装饰的；绚丽的；花哨的:
 »fancy goods (= things sold as gifts or for decoration)
  饰物礼品
--› compare plain
3. (sometimes disapproving) expensive or connected with an expensive way of life
• 昂贵的；奢华的:
 »fancy restaurants with fancy prices
  价格昂贵的豪华餐厅
 »Don't come back with any fancy ideas.
  别用任何大手大脚花钱的想法回敬我了。
4. (NAmE) (of food 食物) of high quality
• 优质的；高档的
media / ˈmi:diə /
◙ noun
1. the media [U + sing. / pl. v.] the main ways that large numbers of people receive information and entertainment, that is television, radio, newspapers and the Internet
• 大众传播媒介,大众传播工具(指电视、广播、报纸、互联网):
 »the news / broadcasting / national media
  新闻/广播/国家的大众传播媒介
 »The trial was fully reported in the media.
  媒体对这次审判进行了全面报道。
 »The media was / were accused of influencing the final decision.
  媒体受责左右了终审判决。
 »Any event attended by the actor received widespread media coverage.
  这位演员参加任何一项活动,媒体都作了广泛报道。
--› see also mass media , new media
2. pl. of medium
med∙ial / ˈmi:diəl /
◙ adj.
• (technical 术语) located in the middle, especially of the body or of an organ
• (身体或器官等)内侧的,近中的
pos∙ter / ˈpəustə(r); NAme ˈpou- /
◙ noun
1. a large notice, often with a picture on it, that is put in a public place to advertise sth
• 招贴画；海报
【SYN】 placard :
 »election posters
  选举海报
 »a poster campaign (= an attempt to educate people about sth by using posters )
  招贴宣传运动
2. a large picture that is printed on paper and put on a wall as decoration
• 巨幅装饰画:
 »posters of her favourite pop stars
  她所喜爱的流行音乐歌星的大幅画片
3. a person who posts a message on a message board (= a place on a website where people can read or write messages)
• (在网络留言板上)发布消息的人,张贴信息的人
tar∙get / ˈtɑ:ɡit; NAme ˈtɑ:rɡit /
◙ noun
1. a result that you try to achieve
• 目标；指标:
 »business goals and targets
  经营目的和指标
 »attainment targets
  成绩目标
 »Set yourself targets that you can reasonably hope to achieve.
  给自己制订有望达到的指标。
 »to meet / achieve a target
  完成/达到目标
 »a target date of April 2006
  * 2006 年 4 月这一预定日期
 »The university will reach its target of 5 000 students next September.
  这所大学将于下个九月达到在校学生 5 000 人的目标。
 »The new sports complex is on target to open in June.
  新建的体育中心将在六月份如期开放。
 »a target area / audience / group (= the particular area, audience, etc. that a product, programme, etc. is aimed at)
  目标范围／观众／群体
2. ~ (for sb / sth) | ~ (of sth) an object, a person or a place that people aim at when attacking
• (攻击的)目标,对象:
 »They bombed military and civilian targets.
  他们轰炸了军事和民用目标。
 »Doors and windows are an easy target for burglars.
  门窗被窃贼作为入室的目标容易得手。
 »It's a prime target (= an obvious target) for terrorist attacks.
  这是恐怖分子攻击的首要目标。
 »(figurative) He's become the target for a lot of criticism recently.
  他最近成了众矢之的。
3. an object that people practise shooting at, especially a round board with circles on it
• 靶；靶子:
 »to aim at a target
  瞄准靶子
 »to hit / miss the target
  中/脱靶
 »target practice
  射击练习
◙ verb
(tar∙get∙ing, tar∙get∙ed, tar∙get∙ed)
▪ [VN] [usually passive]
1. to aim an attack or a criticism at sb / sth
• 把…作为攻击目标；把…作为批评的对象:
 »The missiles were mainly targeted at the United States.
  导弹主要瞄准的是美国。
 »The company has been targeted by animal rights groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials.
  这家公司因用狗做药物试验而成为动物保护团体批评的对象。
2. to try to have an effect on a particular group of people
• 面向,把…对准(某群体):
 »The campaign is clearly targeted at the young.
  这个宣传计划显然是针对青年人的。
 »a new magazine that targets single men
  以单身汉为读者群的新杂志
de∙ter∙mine / diˈtə:min; NAmE -ˈtə:rm- /
◙ verb (formal)
1. to discover the facts about sth; to calculate sth exactly
• 查明；测定；准确算出
【SYN】 establish :
▪ [VN]
 »An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident.
  已展开调查以确定事故原因。
▪ [V wh-]
 »We set out to determine exactly what happened that night.
  我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。
▪ [also VN that]
2. to make sth happen in a particular way or be of a particular type
• 决定；形成；支配；影响:
▪ [VN]
 »Age and experience will be determining factors in our choice of candidate.
  年龄和经验是我们选择候选人的决定因素。
 »Upbringing plays an important part in determining a person's character.
  后天培养对于一个人性格的形成起着重要作用。
▪ [also V wh-]
3. to officially decide and / or arrange sth
• 确定；裁决；安排:
▪ [VN]
 »A date for the meeting has yet to be determined.
  会议日期尚待确定。
▪ [V (that)]
 »The court determined (that) the defendant should pay the legal costs.
  法庭裁决由被告支付律师费用。
4. ~ on sth / to do sth to decide definitely to do sth
• 决定,决心(做某事):
▪ [V to inf]
 »They determined to start early.
  他们决定早点出发。
▪ [also V , V (that)]
an∙aly∙sis / əˈnæləsis /
◙ noun (pl. an∙aly∙ses / -si:z / )
1. əu, ɔ] the detailed study or examination of sth in order to understand more about it; the result of the study
• (对事物的)分析,分析结果:
 »statistical analysis
  统计分析
 »The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes.
  这本书分析了贫困及其原因。
2. [U, C] a careful examination of a substance in order to find out what it consists of
• (对物质的)分析:
 »The blood samples are sent to the laboratory for analysis.
  血样要送往实验室进行分析。
 »You can ask for a chemical analysis of your tap water.
  你可以要求给你的自来水做化学分析。
3. [U] = psychoanalysis :
 »In analysis the individual resolves difficult emotional conflicts.
  在心理分析治疗法中,个人可以化解严重的情感冲突。
【IDIOMS】
◘ in the ˌfinal / ˌlast a'nalysis
• used to say what is most important after everything has been discussed, or considered
• 归根结底；总之:
 »In the final analysis, it's a matter of personal choice.
  归根结底,这是个人的选择。
ap∙peal / əˈpi:l /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] ~ (against sth) a formal request to a court or to sb in authority for a judgement or a decision to be changed
• 上诉；申诉:
 »(BrE) to lodge an appeal
  提出上诉
 »(NAmE) to file an appeal
  提出上诉
 »(BrE) an appeal court / judge
  上诉法庭/法官
 »(NAmE) an appeals court / judge
  上诉法庭/法官
 »an appeal against the 3-match ban
  不服禁赛 3 场令的申诉
--› see also court of appeal
2. [U] a quality that makes sb / sth attractive or interesting
• 吸引力；感染力；魅力:
 »mass / wide / popular appeal
  对大众的/广泛的/普遍的吸引力
 »The Beatles have never really lost their appeal.
  披头士乐队的感染力经久不衰。
 »The prospect of living in a city holds little appeal for me.
  住在城市里的机会对我没有什么吸引力。
--› see also sex appeal
3. [C, U] ~ (to sb) (for sth) | ~ to sb to do sth an urgent and deeply felt request for money, help or information, especially six made by a charity or by the police
• (尤指慈善机构或警方的)呼吁,吁请,恳求:
 »to launch a TV appeal for donations to the charity
  通过电视呼吁为该慈善事业捐赠
 »a look of silent appeal
  默默恳求的目光
 »The child's mother made an emotional appeal on TV for his return.
  孩子的母亲在电视上恳切地要求儿子回家。
 »The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.
  警方吁请公众保持镇静。
4. [C] ~ to sth an indirect suggestion that any good, fair or reasonable person would act in a particular way
• 启发；打动:
 »I relied on an appeal to his finer feelings.
  我寄望能打动他的爱心。
◙ verb
1. [V] ~ (to sb / sth) (against sth) to make a formal request to a court or to sb in authority for a judgement or a decision to be changed
• 上诉；申诉:
 »He said he would appeal after being found guilty on five counts of murder.
  法庭判决他犯有四项谋杀罪,他表示要上诉。
 »The company is appealing against the ruling.
  公司正对判决提出申诉。
【HELP】In North American English, the form appeal (sth) (to sb / sth) is usually used, without a preposition: The company has two days to appeal the decision to the tribunal.
• 北美英语通常用 appeal (sth) (to sb / sth),不加介词:The company has two days to appeal the decision to the tribunal.
2. [V] ~ (to sb) to attract or interest sb
• 有吸引力；有感染力；引起兴趣:
 »The prospect of a long wait in the rain did not appeal.
  想到要在雨中久等使人扫兴。
 »The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.
  设计得要雅俗共赏,老幼皆宜。
3. [V] ~ (to sb) (for sth) to make a serious and urgent request
• 呼吁；吁请；恳求:
 »Nationalist leaders appealed for calm.
  民族主义领袖们呼吁保持冷静。
 »I am appealing on behalf of the famine victims (= asking for money).
  我代表饥荒灾民吁请捐款。
 »Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.
  警方呼吁证人挺身而出。
 »Organizers appealed to the crowd not to panic.
  组织者呼吁人群不要惊慌。
4. ~ (to sth) to try to persuade sb to do sth by suggesting that it is a fair, reasonable, or honest thing to do
• 启发；劝说；打动:
▪ [V]
 »They needed to appeal to his sense of justice.
  他们需要激发他的正义感。
▪ [also V speech]
react / riˈækt /
◙ verb [V]
1. ~ (to sth) (by doing sth) to change or behave in a particular way as a result of or in response to sth
• 起反应；(对…)作出反应；回应:
 »Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.
  当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。
 »I nudged her but she didn't react.
  我用胳膊肘捅了她一下,可她没有反应。
 »You never know how he is going to react.
  你根本不知道他会作何反应。
 »The market reacted by falling a further two points.
  股市的反应是再下跌两个百分点。
2. to become ill / sick after eating, breathing, etc. a particular substance
• (对食物等)有不良反应,过敏:
 »People can react badly to certain food additives.
  人们对某些食品添加剂会严重过敏。
3. ~ (with sth) | ~ (together) (chemistry 化) (of substances 物质) to experience a chemical change when coming into contact with another substance
• 起化学反应；发生化学变化:
 »Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
  铁和水及空气发生反应产生铁锈。
【PHR V】
◘ reˌact a'gainst sb / sth
• to show dislike or opposition in response to sth, especially by deliberately doing the opposite of what sb wants you to do
• 反对；反抗:
 »He reacted strongly against the artistic conventions of his time.
  他强烈反对当时的艺术俗套。
per∙son∙al∙ly / ˈpə:sənəli; NAme ˈpə:rs- /
◙ adv.
1. used to show that you are giving your own opinion about sth
• 就本人而言；就个人意见:
 »Personally, I prefer the second option.
  就我个人而言,我倾向第二种选择。
 »'Is it worth the effort?' 'Speaking personally, yes.'
  "值得为它费力气吗？" "就本人而言,值得。"
2. by a particular person rather than by sb acting for them
• 本人；亲自:
 »All letters will be answered personally.
  一切信函都将由本人亲自答覆。
 »Do you know him personally (= have you met him, rather than just knowing about him from other people) ?
  你本人认识他吗？
3. in a way that is connected with six particular person rather than a group of people
• 个别地；单个地
【SYN】 individually :
 »He was personally criticized by inspectors for his incompetence.
  他因能力差而受到检查员的个别批评。
 »You will be held personally responsible for any loss or breakage.
  如有丢失或损坏,将由你个人负责。
4. in a way that is intended to be offensive
• 无礼地；冒犯地:
 »I'm sure she didn't mean it personally.
  我相信她绝无冒犯之意。
5. in a way that is connected with sb's personal life rather than with their job or official position
• 私人地(与工作相对):
 »Have you had any dealings with any of the suspects, either personally or professionally?
  你是否与任何嫌疑人有过私人或业务来往？
【IDIOMS】
◘ take sth 'personally
• to be offended by sth
• 认为某事针对自己而不悦:
 »I'm afraid he took your remarks personally.
  恐怕你的话激怒了他。
packet / ˈpækit /
◙ noun
1. (BrE) a small paper or cardboard container in which goods are packed for selling
• (商品的)小包装纸袋,小硬纸板盒:
 »a packet of biscuits / cigarettes / crisps
  一包饼干/香烟/油炸土豆片
--› compare pack n. (1), package n. (2)
--› see also pay packet
2. a small object wrapped in paper or put into a thick envelope so that it can be sent by mail, carried easily or given as a present
• (邮政)小件包裹:
 »A packet of photographs arrived with the mail.
  一包照片邮寄来了。
3. (NAmE) = sachet (1) :
 »a packet of instant cocoa mix
  一袋混合速溶可可粉
4. [sing.] (BrE, informal) a large amount of money
• 一笔巨款:
 »That car must have cost a packet.
  那辆汽车一定花了一大笔钱。
5. (computing 计) a piece of information that forms part of a message sent through a computer network
• 信息包；数据包； 资讯包
6. (NAmE) a set of documents that are supplied together for a particular purpose
• (为某种用途的)一套文件；一套资料:
 »a training packet
  一套培训材料
poi∙son∙ous / ˈpɔizənəs /
◙ adj.
1. causing death or illness if swallowed or absorbed into the body
• 引起中毒的；有毒的
【SYN】 toxic :
 »poisonous chemicals / plants
  有毒化学物质/植物
 »This gas is highly poisonous.
  这种气体有剧毒。
 »The leaves of certain trees are poisonous to cattle.
  某些树的叶子会毒害牲畜。
2. (of animals and insects 动物和昆虫) producing a poison that can cause death or illness if the animal or insect bites you
• 分泌毒素的；能毒伤人的
【SYN】 venomous :
 »poisonous snakes
  毒蛇
3. extremely unpleasant or unfriendly
• 极端讨厌(或不友善)的；恶毒的；邪恶的:
 »the poisonous atmosphere in the office
  办公室里的恶劣气氛
lung / lʌŋ /
◙ noun
• either of the two organs in the chest that you use for breathing
• 肺:
 »lung cancer
  肺癌
can∙cer / ˈkænsə(r) /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] a serious disease in which growths of cells, also called cancers, form in the body and kill normal body cells. The disease often causes death.
• 癌；癌症:
 »lung / breast cancer
  肺/乳腺癌
 »cancer of the bowel / stomach
  肠/胃癌
 »Most skin cancers are completely curable.
  大多数的皮肤癌是完全可以治瘉的。
 »The cancer has spread to his stomach.
  癌已扩散到他的胃部。
 »cancer patients
  癌症病人
 »cancer research
  癌症研究
2. [C] (literary) an evil or dangerous thing that spreads quickly
• (迅速蔓延的)邪恶；(社会)毒瘤:
 »Violence is a cancer in our society.
  暴力行为是我们社会的毒瘤。
♦ can∙cer∙ous / ˈkænsərəs / adj.:
 »to become cancerous
  发生癌变
 »cancerous cells / growths / tumours
  癌细胞；癌病变；恶性肿瘤
Can∙cer / ˈkænsə(r) /
◙ noun
1. [U] the fourth sign of the zodiac , the Crab
• 黄道第四宫；巨蟹宫；巨蟹(星)座
2. [sing.] a person born under the influence of this sign, that is between 22 June and 22 July, approximately
• 属巨蟹座的人(约出生于 6 月 22 日至 7 月 22 日)
♦ Can∙cer∙ian / kænˈsiəriən; NAmE -ˈsir- / noun, adj.
smoker / ˈsməukə(r); NAme ˈsmouk- /
◙ noun
• a person who smokes tobacco regularly
• 吸烟者:
 »a heavy smoker (= sb who smokes a lot)
  烟瘾大的人
 »a smoker's cough
  吸烟过多引起的咳嗽
 »a cigarette / cigar / pipe smoker
  抽香烟/雪茄/烟斗的人
【OPP】 non-smoker
fin∙ger∙nail / ˈfiŋɡəneil; NAmE -ɡərn- /
◙ noun
• the thin hard layer that covers the outer tip of each finger
• 手指甲
urge / ə:dʒ; NAme ə:rdʒ /
◙ verb
1. to advise or try hard to persuade sb to do sth
• 敦促；催促；力劝:
▪ [VN to inf]
 »She urged him to stay.
  她力劝他留下。
▪ [V that]
 »The report urged that all children be taught to swim.
  这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。
▪ [also V speech also VN speech]
--› note at recommend
2. [VN] ~ sth (on / upon sb) to recommend sth strongly
• 大力推荐；竭力主张:
 »The situation is dangerous, and the UN is urging caution.
  局势岌岌可危,联合国力主谨慎行事。
3. [VN +adv. / prep.] (formal) to make a person or an animal move more quickly and / or in a particular direction, especially by pushing or forcing them
• 驱赶；鞭策:
 »He urged his horse forward.
  他策马前行。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌurge sb∽'on
• to encourage sb to do sth or support them so that they do it better
• 鼓励；激励；为…加油:
 »She could hear him urging her on as she ran past.
  她跑过他面前时,听到他在为她加油。
◙ noun
• ~ (to do sth) a strong desire to do sth
• 强烈的欲望；冲动:
 »sexual urges
  性冲动
 »I had a sudden urge to hit him.
  我突然很想揍他一顿。
to∙bacco / təˈbækəu; NAme -kou /
◙ noun [U, C]
• (pl. -os) the dried leaves of the tobacco plant that are used for making cigarettes, smoking in a pipe or chewing
• 烟叶；烟草:
 »The government imposed a ban on tobacco advertising (= the advertising of cigarettes and all other forms of tobacco ).
  政府禁止做烟草广告。
essay
◙ noun / ˈesei /
1. ~ (on sth) a short piece of writing by a student as part of a course of study
• (作为课程作业,学生写的)文章,短文:
 »an essay on the causes of the First World War
  关于第一次世界大战起因的文章
2. ~ (on sth) a short piece of writing on a particular subject, written in order to be published
• (用来刊登的)论说文；小品文
3. ~ (in sth) (formal) an attempt to do sth
• 企图；尝试:
 »His first essay in politics was a complete disaster.
  他初次涉足政坛便碰得头破血流。
◙ verb / eˈsei /
• əʒŋ] (literary) to try to do sth
• 企图；试图
shock / ʃɔk; NAme ʃɑ:k /
◙ noun
›› SURPRISE 震惊
1. [C, usually sing., U] a strong feeling of surprise as a result of sth happening, especially sth unpleasant; the event that causes this feeling
• 震惊；惊愕；令人震惊的事:
 »The news of my promotion came as a shock.
  我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。
 »He's still in a state of shock.
  他至今还惊魂未定。
 »I got a terrible shock the other day.
  前两天,可把我吓坏了。
 »She still hadn't got over the shock of seeing him again.
  竟然又见到了他,她到现在还惊愕不已。
 »(informal) If you think the job will be easy, you're in for a shock.
  如果你以为这项工作容易,那你就会大吃一惊。
 »Losing in the first round was a shock to the system (= it was a more of a shock because it was not expected).
  首轮失利让人大为震惊。
 »The team suffered a shock defeat in the first round.
  球队首战失利,十分意外。
--› see also culture shock
›› MEDICAL 医学上
2. [U] a serious medical condition, usually the result of injury in which a person has lost a lot of blood and they are extremely weak
• 休克:
 »She was taken to hospital suffering from shock.
  她因休克被送到医院。
 »He isn't seriously injured but he is in (a state of) shock.
  他伤得不重,但处于休克状态。
--› see also shell shock , toxic shock syndrome
›› VIOLENT SHAKING 剧烈震动
3. [C, U] a violent shaking movement that is caused by an explosion, earthquake , etc.
• (由爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动,剧烈震荡:
 »The shock of the explosion could be felt up to six miles away.
  爆炸引起的剧烈震荡在六英里之外都能感觉到。
 »The bumper absorbs shock on impact.
  遇到撞击时保险杠能减轻震动。
›› FROM ELECTRICITY 电
4. [C] = electric shock :
 »Don't touch that wire or you'll get a shock.
  别碰那根电线,不然会触电的。
›› OF HAIR 头发
5. a thick mass of hair on a person's head
• 浓密的一堆(头发)
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌshock 'horror
• (BrE, informal, often humorous) used when you pretend to be shocked by sth that is not really very serious or surprising
• (假装震惊时说)
◙ verb
›› SURPRISE AND UPSET 震惊
1. to surprise and upset sb
• 使震惊；使惊愕:
▪ [VN]
 »It shocks you when something like that happens.
  发生这样的事情,使人觉得难以置信。
 »We were all shocked at the news of his death.
  听到他的死讯,我们都感到震惊。
▪ [VN that]
 »Neighbours were shocked that such an attack could happen in their area.
  竟有这样的暴力行为发生在这一地区,邻居们大为惊骇。
▪ [VN to inf]
 »I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.
  听到他辞职的消息,我深感意外。
›› OFFEND / DISGUST 使气愤/厌恶
2. (of bad language, immoral behaviour, etc. 脏话、不道德行为等) to make sb feel offended or disgusted
• 使气愤；使厌恶:
▪ [V]
 »These movies deliberately set out to shock.
  这些电影存心让人恶心。
▪ [VN]
 »She enjoys shocking people by saying outrageous things.
  她喜欢故意说些不堪入耳的话让人讨厌。
▪ [also VN to inf]
♦ shocked adj.:
 »For a few minutes we stood in shocked silence.
  一时间,我们站在那儿惊讶得说不出话来。