m4u2
com∙mit∙tee / kəˈmiti /
◙ noun [C + sing. / pl. v.]
• a group of people who are chosen, usually by a larger group, to make decisions or to deal with a particular subject
• 委员会:
 »She's on the management committee.
  她任管理委员会委员。
 »The committee has / have decided to close the restaurant.
  委员会已决定关闭这家餐馆。
 »a committee member / a member of the committee
  委员会的委员
 »a committee meeting
  委员会的会议
de∙light∙ed / diˈlaitid /
◙ adj.
• ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that...) | ~ (by / at / with sth) very pleased
• 高兴的；愉快的；快乐的:
 »a delighted smile
  愉快的微笑
 »I'd be absolutely delighted to come.
  我非常乐意前来。
 »I was delighted that you could stay.
  你能留下来我很高兴。
 »She was delighted by / at the news of the wedding.
  听到婚礼的消息她很高兴。
 »I was delighted with my presents.
  我对我收到的礼物很满意。
--› note at glad
♦ de∙light∙ed∙ly adv.
sig∙nifi∙cance / siɡˈnifikəns /
◙ noun [U, C]
1. the importance of sth, especially when this has an effect on what happens in the future
• (尤指对将来有影响的)重要性,意义:
 »a decision of major political significance
  具有重大政治意义的决定
 »The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.
  这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大的意义。
 »They discussed the statistical significance of the results.
  他们讨论了这些结果在统计学上的意义。
2. the meaning of sth
• 意思；含义:
 »She couldn't grasp the full significance of what he had said.
  她未能充分领会他那番话的意思。
 »Do these symbols have any particular significance?
  这些符号有什么特别的含义吗？
--› compare insignificance at insignificant
wrest∙ling / ˈresliŋ /
◙ noun [U]
• a sport in which two people fight by holding each other and trying to throw or force the other one to the ground
• 摔跤运动
trad∙ition / trəˈdiʃn /
◙ noun [C, U]
• a belief, custom or way of doing sth that has existed for a long time among a particular group of people; a set of these beliefs or customs
• 传统；传统的信仰(或风俗):
 »religious / cultural, etc. traditions
  宗教、文化等传统
 »This region is steeped in tradition.
  这个地区有着深厚的传统。
 »The company has a long tradition of fine design.
  这家公司的优秀设计历史悠久。
 »The British are said to love tradition (= to want to do things in the way they have always been done).
  据说英国人热爱传统。
 »They broke with tradition (= did things differently) and got married quietly.
  他们打破传统,毫不声张地结了婚。
 »By tradition, children play tricks on 1 April.
  按照传统风俗,儿童在 4 月 1 日捣乱戏弄别人。
 »There's a tradition in our family that we have a party on New Year's Eve.
  我们家有个传统,全家要聚在一起过新年除夕。
 »He's a politician in the tradition of (= similar in style to) Kennedy.
  他是位具有肯尼迪风格的政治家。
com∙pete / kəmˈpi:t /
◙ verb
1. ~ (with / against sb) (for sth) to try to be more successful or better than sb else who is trying to do the same as you
• 竞争；对抗:
▪ [V]
 »Several companies are competing for the contract.
  为得到那项合同,几家公司正在竞争。
 »We can't compete with them on price.
  我们在价格上无法与他们竞争。
 »Young children will usually compete for their mother's attention.
  小孩子通常都会在母亲面前争宠。
 »Small traders cannot compete in the face of cheap foreign imports.
  面对廉价的外国进口商品,经营规模小的商人无法与之抗衡。
▪ [also V to inf]
2. [V] ~ (in sth) (against sb) to take part in a contest or game
• 参加比赛(或竞赛):
 »He's hoping to compete in the London marathon.
  他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。
hon∙our (BrE) (NAmE honor) / ˈɔnə(r); NAme ˈɑ:nər /
◙ noun
›› RESPECT 尊敬
1. [U] great respect and admiration for sb
• 尊敬；尊重；崇敬:
 »the guest of honour (= the most important one)
  贵宾
 »the seat / place of honour (= given to the most important guest)
  上座/席
 »They stood in silence as a mark of honour to her.
  他们肃立以示对她的敬意。
--› see also maid of honour , matron of honour
›› PRIVILEGE 荣幸
2. [sing.] (formal) something that you are very pleased or proud to do because people are showing you great respect
• 荣幸；光荣:
 »It was a great honour to be invited here today.
  今天承蒙邀请到此,深感荣幸。
【SYN】 privilege
›› MORAL BEHAVIOUR 道德品行
3. [U] the quality of knowing and doing what is morally right
• 正义感；道义；节操:
 »a man of honour
  品德高尚的人
 »Proving his innocence has become a matter of honour.
  证实他的清白已经成了一件道义上的事。
›› REPUTATION 名誉
4. [U] a good reputation; respect from other people
• 荣誉；名誉；他人的尊敬:
 »upholding the honour of your country
  扞衞祖国的荣誉
 »The family honour is at stake.
  家族名声攸关。
--› compare dishonour
›› SB / STH CAUSING RESPECT 引起尊敬的人/事物
5. [sing.] ~ to sth / sb a person or thing that causes others to respect and admire sth / sb
• 引起尊敬(或尊重、崇敬)的人(或事物):
 »She is an honour to the profession.
  她是这一行业的光荣。
›› AWARD 奖励
6. [C] an award, official title, etc. given to sb as a reward for sth that they have done
• (为表扬某人的)奖励,荣誉称号,头衔:
 »the New Year's Honours list (= in Britain, a list of awards and titles given on January 1 each year)
  (英国)元旦受勳者名册
 »to win the highest honour
  赢得最高荣誉
 »He was buried with full military honours (= with a special military service as a sign of respect).
  他受到了隆重的军葬礼。
--› see also roll of honour
›› AT UNIVERSITY / SCHOOL 大学；学校
7. honours honors [pl.] (abbr. Hons) (often used as an adjective 常用作形容词) a university course that is of a higher level than a basic course (in the US also used to describe a class in school which is at a higher level than other classes)
• 大学荣誉学位课程；(美国的)学校优等班:
 »an honours degree / course
  荣誉学位/课程
 »a First Class Honours degree
  一级荣誉学位
 »(NAmE) I took an honors class in English.
  我选了一个英语优等班课程。
8. honours honors [pl.] if you pass an exam or graduate from a university or school with honours, you receive a special mark / grade for having achieved a very high standard
• 优异成绩
›› JUDGE / MAYOR 法官；市长
9. His / Her / Your Honour [C] a title of respect used when talking to or about a judge or a US mayor
• 法官大人；(美国)市长阁下:
 »No more questions, Your Honour.
  没有其他问题了,法官大人。
›› IN CARD GAMES 纸牌游戏
10. [C, usually pl.] the cards that have the highest value
• 最大点数的牌
【IDIOMS】
◘ do sb an 'honour | ◘ do sb the 'honour (of doing sth)
•(formal) to do sth to make sb feel very proud and pleased
• 使增光；赏光；给…带来荣誉:
 »Would you do me the honour of dining with me?
  你能赏光和我一块吃饭吗？
◘ do the 'honours
• to perform a social duty or ceremony, such as pouring drinks, making a speech, etc.
• 履行社交责任；执行仪式:
 »Would you do the honours and draw the winning ticket?
  能劳驾为我们抽出获奖的票吗？
◘ have the 'honour of sth / of doing sth
•(formal) to be given the opportunity to do sth that makes you feel proud and happy
• 得到某殊荣；有幸做某事:
 »May I have the honour of the next dance?
  能赏光和我跳下一个舞吗？
◘ (there is) honour among 'thieves
• (saying) used to say that even criminals have standards of behaviour that they respect
• 盗亦有道
◘ (feel) honour 'bound to do sth
•(formal) to feel that you must do sth because of your sense of moral duty
• (感到)道义上应做某事:
 »She felt honour bound to attend as she had promised to.
  她觉得答应过了就应该出席。
◘ the honours are 'even
• no particular person, team, etc. is doing better than the others in a competition, an argument, etc.
• 势均力敌；不分胜负
◘ in 'honour of sb / sth | ◘ in sb's / sth's 'honour
• in order to show respect and admiration for sb / sth
• 为向…表示敬意:
 »a ceremony in honour of those killed in the explosion
  为纪念爆炸中的死难者所举行的仪式
 »A banquet was held in her honour.
  为欢迎她而设宴。
◘ on your 'honour
(old-fashioned)
1. used to promise very seriously that you will do sth or that sth is true
• 用人格担保；以名誉担保:
 »I swear on my honour that I knew nothing about this.
  我以人格担保我根本不知道这件事。
2. to be trusted to do sth
• 受到信任；被信赖:
 »You're on your honour not to go into my room.
  依你的人格,相信你不会进我的房间。
--› more at point n.
◙ verb [VN]
›› SHOW RESPECT 表示敬意
1. ~ sb (with sth) to do sth that shows great respect for sb / sth
• 尊敬,尊重(某人):
 »The President honoured us with a personal visit.
  总统亲临,使我们感到荣幸。
 »our honoured guests
  我们的贵宾
 »(ironic) I'm glad to see that you've decided to honour us with your presence !
  很高兴看到你已决定大驾光临！
›› GIVE AWARD 颁奖
2. ~ sb / sth (with sth) (for sth) to give public praise, an award or a title to sb for sth they have done
• 给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号):
 »He has been honoured with a knighthood for his scientific work.
  他因科研成就而获授予爵士头衔。
›› KEEP PROMISE 遵守诺言
3. to do what you have agreed or promised to do
• 信守,执行(承诺):
 »I have every intention of honouring our contract.
  我完全愿意执行我们的合约。
 »to honour a cheque (= to keep an agreement to pay it)
  承兑支票
◘ be / feel honoured (to do sth)
• to feel proud and happy
• (做某事)感到荣幸:
 »I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech.
  他在讲话中提到了我,真是荣幸。
male / meil /
◙ adj.
1. (abbr. m) belonging to the sex that does not give birth to babies; connected with this sex
• 男性的；雄性的；男的:
 »a male bird
  雄鸟
 »All the attackers were male, aged between 25 and 30.
  所有的攻击者都是男性,年龄在 25 到 30 岁之间。
 »a male nurse / model / colleague
  男护士/模特儿/同事
 »male attitudes to women
  男人对女人的看法
 »male bonding (= the act of forming close friendships between men)
  男性间的亲密友谊
 »the male menopause (= emotional and physical problems that affect some men at about the age of 50)
  男性更年期
--› see also alpha male
--› compare masculine adj. (1)
2. (biology 生) (of most plants 大多数植物) producing pollen
• 雄性的:
 »a male flower
  雄花
3. (technical 术语) (of electrical plugs , parts of tools, etc. 电器插头、工具部件等) having a part that sticks out which is designed to fit into a hole, socket , etc.
• 阳的；凸形的
--› compare female adj. (5)
♦ male∙ness noun [U] :
 »the chromosome that determines maleness
  决定男性性别的染色体
◙ noun
• a male person, animal or plant
• 男性；雄性；雄株:
 »The body is that of a white male aged about 40.
  尸体是一名 40 岁上下的白人男子。
 »The male of the species has a white tail.
  这一物种的雄性有一条白色的尾巴。
 »a male-dominated profession
  男性主宰的职业
--› compare female n.
na∙tion / ˈneiʃn /
◙ noun
1. [C] a country considered as a group of people with the same language, culture and history, who live in a particular area under one government
• 国家；民族:
 »an independent nation
  独立的国家
 »the African nations
  非洲各国
2. [sing.] all the people in a country
• 国民
【SYN】 population :
 »The entire nation, it seemed, was watching TV.
  好像全国的人都在看电视。
♦ na∙tion∙hood / ˈneiʃnhud / noun [U] :
 »Citizenship is about the sense of nationhood.
  公民身分涉及国家意识。
con∙tem∙por∙ary / kənˈtemprəri; NAmE -pəreri /
◙ adj.
1. ~ (with sb / sth) belonging to the same time
• 属同时期的；同一时代的:
 »We have no contemporary account of the battle (= written near the time that it happened).
  我们没有当时人们对这一战役的记载。
 »He was contemporary with the dramatist Congreve.
  他与剧作家康格里夫属于同一时代。
2. belonging to the present time
【SYN】 modern
• 当代的；现代的:
 »life in contemporary Britain
  当代英国的生活
 »contemporary fiction / music / dance
  当代小说/音乐/舞蹈
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
• a person who lives or lived at the same time as sb else, especially sb who is about the same age
• 同代人；同辈人；同龄人:
 »She and I were contemporaries at college.
  她和我在大学是同学。
 »He was a contemporary of Freud and may have known him.
  他是弗洛伊德的同代人,可能认识弗洛伊德。
boxer / ˈbɔksə(r); NAmE ˈbɑ:k- /
◙ noun
1. a person who boxes , especially as a job
• 拳击手；拳击运动员:
 »a professional / amateur / heavyweight boxer
  职业/业余/重量级拳击运动员
2. a large dog with smooth hair, a short flat nose and a tail that has usually been cut very short
• 拳师狗
medal / ˈmedl /
◙ noun
• a flat piece of metal, usually shaped like a coin, that is given to the winner of a competition or to sb who has been brave, for example in war
• 奖章；勳章:
 »to win a gold medal in the Olympics
  在奥林匹克运动会上赢得一枚金牌
 »to award a medal for bravery
  奖赏一枚英勇勳章
【IDIOMS】
--› see deserve
◙ verb
(-ll-, NAmE usually -l-)
• [V] to win a medal in a competition
• (在比赛中)获得奖牌(或奖章):
 »Evans has medalled at several international events.
  埃文斯已经多次在国际比赛中获奖。
heavy∙weight / ˈheviweit /
◙ noun
1. a boxer of the heaviest class in normal use, weighing 79.5 kilograms or more
• 重量级拳击手(体重 79.5 公斤或以上):
 »a heavyweight champion
  重量级拳击冠军
2. a person or thing that weighs more than is usual
• 特别重的人(或物)
3. a very important person, organization or thing that influences others
• 有影响力的人(或组织、事物):
 »a political heavyweight
  政界要人
 »a heavyweight journal
  有影响力的刊物
box∙ing / ˈbɔksiŋ; NAmE ˈbɑ:ks- /
◙ noun [U]
• a sport in which two people fight each other with their hands, while wearing very large thick gloves (called boxing gloves)
• 拳击(运动):
 »a boxing champion / match
  拳击冠军/比赛
 »heavyweight boxing
  重量级拳击
cham∙pion∙ship / ˈtʃæmpiənʃip /
◙ noun
1. (also cham∙pion∙ships [pl.]) a competition to find the best player or team in a particular sport
• 锦标赛:
 »the National Basketball Association Championship
  * NBA 大赛
 »He won a silver medal at the European Championships.
  他获得了欧洲锦标赛的银牌。
2. the position of being a champion
• 冠军地位:
 »They've held the championship for the past two years.
  他们在过去的两年里一直保持着冠军地位。
flame / fleim /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] a hot bright stream of burning gas that comes from sth that is on fire
• 火焰；火舌:
 »the tiny yellow flame of a match
  火柴小小的黄色火焰
 »The flames were growing higher and higher.
  熊熊火焰越来越高。
 »The building was in flames (= was burning).
  大楼失火了。
 »The plane burst into flame(s) (= suddenly began burning strongly).
  飞机突然猛烈燃烧起来。
 »Everything went up in flames (= was destroyed by fire).
  一切都毁于大火。
2. [U] a bright red or orange colour
• 鲜红色；橘红色；橙黄色:
 »a flame-red car
  橘红色的汽车
3. [C] (literary) a very strong feeling
• 强烈的感情；激情:
 »a flame of passion
  激情的烈火
--› see also old flame
4. [C] (informal) an angry or insulting message sent to sb by email or on the Internet
• 火药味电邮(或互联网信息)
【IDIOMS】
--› see fan v.
◙ verb
1. (literary) to burn with a bright flame
• 燃烧:
▪ [V]
 »The logs flamed on the hearth.
  木柴在壁炉牀里燃烧。
 »(figurative) Hope flamed in her.
  她燃起了希望之火。
▪ [also V-ADJ]
2. (literary) (of a person's face 人脸) to become red as a result of a strong emotion; to make sth become red
• (因强烈情绪而)变红,使变红:
▪ [V]
 »Her cheeks flamed with rage.
  她愤怒得两颊通红。
▪ [also V-ADJ also VN]
3. [VN] (informal) to send sb an angry or insulting message by email or on the Internet
• 发送火药味电邮(或互联网信息)
open∙ing / ˈəupniŋ; NAme ˈou- /
◙ noun
1. [C] a space or hole that sb / sth can pass through
• 孔；洞；缺口:
 »We could see the stars through an opening in the roof.
  我们从屋顶的小洞能看见星星。
2. [C, usually sing.] the beginning or first part of sth
• 开始；开端:
 »The movie has an exciting opening.
  电影的开头非常刺激。
【OPP】 ending
3. [C, usually sing.] a ceremony to celebrate the start of a public event or the first time a new building, road, etc. is used
• 开幕式；落成典礼:
 »the opening of the Olympic Games
  奥林匹克运动会开幕式
 »the official opening of the new hospital
  新建医院的落成典礼
4. [C, U] the act or process of making sth open or of becoming open
• 开；开放；展开:
 »the opening of a flower
  花朵的绽放
 »the opening of the new play
  新话剧的开演
 »Late opening of supermarkets is common in Britain now.
  现在超市不按时开门在英国司空见惯。
【OPP】 closing
5. [C] a job that is available
• 空缺的职位
【SYN】 vacancy :
 »There are several openings in the sales department.
  销售部有几个空缺。
--› note at job
6. [C] a good opportunity for sb
• 良机:
 »Winning the competition was the opening she needed for her career.
  在这次比赛中获胜是她未来事业发展的良好开端。
7. [C] part of a piece of clothing that is made to open and close so that it can be put on easily
• 开襟；开口:
 »The skirt has a side opening.
  这裙子是侧面开口的。
◙ adj. [only before noun]
• first; beginning
• 开始的；开篇的；第一:
 »his opening remarks
  他的开场白
 »the opening chapter of the book
  该书的第一章
【OPP】 closing
ab∙sence / ˈæbsəns /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] ~ (from...) the fact of sb being away from a place where they are usually expected to be; the occasion or period of time when sb is away
• 缺席；不在:
 »absence from work
  缺勤
 »repeated absences from school
  一再缺课
 »The decision was made in my absence (= while I was not there).
  这个决定是我不在的时候作出的。
 »We did not receive any news during his long absence.
  我们在他长期离开的时候没有得到一点消息。
--› see also leave
2. [U] the fact of sb / sth not existing or not being available; a lack of sth
• 不存在；缺乏:
 »The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.
  此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。
 »the absence of any women on the board of directors
  董事会成员中没有妇女的现象
【OPP】 presence
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌabsence makes the heart grow 'fonder
• (saying) used to say that when you are away from sb that you love, you love them even more
• 不相见,倍思念
--› more at conspicuous
ex∙cite / ikˈsait /
◙ verb [VN]
1. to make sb feel very pleased, interested or enthusiastic, especially about sth that is going to happen
• 使激动；使兴奋:
 »The prospect of a year in India greatly excited her.
  有望在印度呆上一年使她激动万分。
2. to make sb nervous or upset and unable to relax
• 刺激；使紧张不安:
 »Don't excite yourself (= keep calm).
  别激动。
 »Try not to excite your baby too much before bedtime.
  睡觉前尽量别使宝宝太兴奋。
3. ~ sth (in sb) to make sb feel a particular emotion or react in a particular way
• 激发；引发；引起
【SYN】 arouse :
 »The European Parliament is not an institution which excites interest in voters.
  欧洲议会是个激不起选民兴趣的机构。
 »to excite attention / criticism / curiosity
  引起注意/批评/好奇心
 »The news has certainly excited comment (= made people talk about it).
  这消息已经使人们议论纷纷了。
4. to make sb feel sexual desire
• 激发(性欲)
【SYN】 arouse
5. (formal) to make a part of the body or part of a physical system more active
• 使(身体或身体系统某部份)活动；刺激…的活动
【SYN】 stimulate
hur∙dle / ˈhə:dl; NAme ˈhə:rdl /
◙ noun
1. each of a series of vertical frames that a person or horse jumps over in a race
• (供人或马在赛跑中跨越的)栏架,跨栏:
 »His horse fell at the final hurdle.
  他骑的马在最后一个跨栏倒下了。
 »to clear a hurdle (= jump over it successfully)
  跨过栏架
2. hurdles [pl.] a race in which runners or horses have to jump over hurdles
• 跨栏赛:
 »the 300 m hurdles
  * 300 米跨栏赛
3. a problem or difficulty that must be solved or dealt with before you can achieve sth
• 难关；障碍
【SYN】 obstacle :
 »The next hurdle will be getting her parents' agreement.
  下一个难关是征得她父母的同意。
◙ verb
1. ~ (over) sth to jump over sth while you are running
• (奔跑中)跳越(某物):
▪ [VN]
 »He hurdled ten barriers to avoid reporters.
  他跳过了两个障碍物以躲避记者。
▪ [V]
 »to hurdle over a fence
  跳过一处栅栏
2. [V] to run in a hurdles race
• 参加跨栏赛
gym∙nas∙tics / dʒimˈnæstiks /
◙ noun [U]
• physical exercises that develop and show the body's strength and ability to move and bend easily, often done as a sport in competitions
• 体操；体操训练:
 »a gymnastics competition
  体操比赛
 »(figurative) mental / verbal gymnastics (= quick or clever thinking or use of words)
  智力/表达能力训练
♦ gym∙nas∙tic adj. [only before noun]
cham∙pion / ˈtʃæmpiən /
◙ noun
1. a person, team, etc. that has won a competition, especially in a sport
• 冠军；第一名；优胜者:
 »the world basketball champions
  世界篮球冠军
 »a champion jockey / boxer / swimmer, etc.
  优胜的赛马骑师、拳击手、游泳运动员等
 »the reigning champion (= the person who is champion now)
  本届冠军
2. ~ (of sth) a person who fights for, or speaks in support of, a group of people or a belief
• 斗争者；扞衞者；声援者；拥护者:
 »She was a champion of the poor all her life.
  她终身都是穷苦人的衞士。
◙ verb [VN]
• to fight for or speak in support of a group of people or a belief
• 为…而斗争；扞衞；声援:
 »He has always championed the cause of gay rights.
  他一直在为争取同性恋者的权利而斗争。
final / ˈfainl /
◙ adj.
1. [only before noun] being or happening at the end of a series of events, actions, statements, etc.
• 最终的；最后的:
 »his final act as party leader
  他作为党的领袖所采取的最后行动
 »The referee blew the final whistle.
  裁判吹响了终场的哨声。
 »The project is in its final stages.
  这个项目到了最后阶段。
 »I'd like to return to the final point you made.
  我想再谈谈你所说的最后一点。
2. [only before noun] being the result of a particular process
• (指结果)最终的,最后的:
 »the final product
  成品
 »No six could have predicted the final outcome.
  谁也没有预想到最终结果会是这样。
3. that cannot be argued with or changed
• 决定性的；不可改变的；最终的:
 »The judge's decision is final.
  法官的判决是最终判决。
 »Who has the final say around here?
  这里谁有最后决定权？
 »I'll give you $500 for it, and that's my final offer !
  我出价 500 元,不再加价！
 »I'm not coming, and that's final ! (= I will not change my mind)
  我不来,就这么定了！
【IDIOMS】
--› see analysis , straw , word n.
◙ noun
1. [C] the last of a series of games or competitions in which the winner is decided
• 决赛:
 »She reached the final of the 100m hurdles.
  她取得了 100 米跨栏的决赛权。
 »the 2006 World Cup Finals (= the last few games in the competition)
  * 2006 年世界杯决赛阶段
 »The winner of each contest goes through to the grand final.
  每场比赛的胜者进入最后的决赛。
--› see also quarter-final , semi-final
2. finals [pl.] (BrE) the last exams taken by university students at the end of their final year
• 大学毕业考试:
 »to sit / take your finals
  参加大学毕业考试
3. [C] (NAmE) an exam taken by school, university or college students at the end of a semester or quarter , usually in a topic that they will not study again
• 期终结业考试；期终考试
joy / dʒɔi /
◙ noun
1. [U] a feeling of great happiness
• 高兴；愉快；喜悦
【SYN】 delight :
 »the sheer joy of being with her again
  与她重逢的无比喜悦之情
 »to dance for / with joy
  高兴得跳起舞来
 »I didn't expect them to jump for joy at the news (= to be very pleased).
  没想到他们听到这消息高兴得跳了起来。
 »To his great joy, she accepted.
  使他感到非常高兴的是她接受了。
--› note at pleasure
2. [C] a person or thing that causes you to feel very happy
• 令人高兴的人(或事)；乐事；乐趣:
 »the joys of fatherhood
  做父亲的乐趣
 »The game was a joy to watch.
  这比赛看起来真开心。
3. [U] (BrE, informal) (in questions and negative sentences 用于疑问句和否定句) success or satisfaction
• 成功；满意；满足:
 »We complained about our rooms but got no joy from the manager.
  我们抱怨房间不好,经理却不理会。
 »'Any joy at the shops?' 'No, they didn't have what I wanted.'
  "逛商店有收获吗？" "没有,哪里都没有我想要的。"
【IDIOMS】
◘ full of the joys of 'spring
• very cheerful
• 快活极了；非常愉快；活泼愉快
--› more at pride n.
at∙tempt / əˈtempt /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] ~ (to do sth) | ~ (at sth / at doing sth) an act of trying to do sth, especially sth difficult, often with no success
• 企图；试图；尝试:
 »Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.
  为削减费用,关闭了两家工厂。
 »They made no attempt to escape.
  他们没有企图逃跑。
 »I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
  我考汽车驾驶执照时一次就通过了。
 »The couple made an unsuccessful attempt at a compromise.
  这对夫妇试图和解但未成功。
2. [C] ~ (on sb / sb's life) an act of trying to kill sb
• 杀人企图:
 »Someone has made an attempt on the President's life.
  有人企图刺杀总统。
3. [C] ~ (on sth) an effort to do better than sth, such as a very good performance in sport
• (为超越某事物的)尝试,努力:
 »his attempt on the world land speed record
  他为创造陆上速度世界纪录所作的尝试
◙ verb
• to make an effort or try to do sth, especially sth difficult
• 努力；尝试；试图:
▪ [V to inf]
 »I will attempt to answer all your questions.
  我将努力回答你的全部问题。
 »Do not attempt to repair this yourself.
  不要试图自己修理这个东西。
▪ [VN]
 »The prisoners attempted an escape, but failed.
  囚犯企图逃跑,但失败了。
bound∙ary / ˈbaundri /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. a real or imagined line that marks the limits or edges of sth and separates it from other things or places; a dividing line
• 边界；界限；分界线:
 »national boundaries
  国界
 »(BrE) county boundaries
  郡界
 »boundary changes / disputes
  边界变化/争端
 »The fence marks the boundary between my property and hers.
  那道篱笆是我和她的地之间的地界。
 »Scientists continue to push back the boundaries of human knowledge.
  科学家不断扩大人类知识的范围。
 »the boundary between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour
  允许的和不允许的行为之间的界限
--› note at border
2. (in cricket 板球) a hit of the ball that crosses the boundary of the playing area and scores extra points
• 使球越过边界线的击球(得加分)
move∙ment / ˈmu:vmənt /
◙ noun
›› CHANGING POSITION 改变位置
1. [C, U] an act of moving the body or part of the body
• (身体部位的)运动,转动,活动:
 »hand / eye movements
  手/眼睛的活动
 »She observed the gentle movement of his chest as he breathed.
  她观察着他呼吸时胸部的微微起伏。
 »Loose clothing gives you greater freedom of movement.
  衣服宽松,可以活动自如。
 »There was a sudden movement in the undergrowth.
  矮树丛里突然有什么东西动了一下。
2. [C, U] an act of moving from six place to another or of moving sth from six place to another
• 移动；迁移；转移；活动:
 »enemy troop movements
  敌军的调动
 »laws to allow free movement of goods and services
  允许商品和服务自由流动的法律
›› GROUP OF PEOPLE 群体
3. [C + sing. / pl. v.] a group of people who share the same ideas or aims
• (具有共同思想或目标的)运动:
 »the women's / peace movement
  妇女/和平运动
 »the Romantic movement (= for example in literature)
  浪漫主义运动
 »a mass movement for change
  要求变革的群众运动
›› PERSON'S ACTIVITIES 人的活动
4. movements [pl.] a person's activities over a period of time, especially as watched by sb else
• (尤指受监视者的)活动；行踪:
 »The police are keeping a close watch on the suspect's movements.
  警察正在密切监视嫌疑犯的活动。
›› CHANGE OF IDEAS / BEHAVIOUR 想法/行为的改变
5. [sing.] ~ (away from / towards sth) a gradual change in what people in society do or think
• 逐步的转变
【SYN】 trend :
 »a movement towards greater sexual equality
  朝着更高的性别平等的转变
›› PROGRESS 进步
6. [U] ~ (in sth) progress, especially in a particular task
• (尤指某一工作的)进步,进展:
 »It needs cooperation from all the countries to get any movement in arms control.
  要在军控方面取得进展需要所有国家的合作。
›› CHANGE IN AMOUNT 量的改变
7. [U, C] ~ (in sth) a change in amount
• 量的变化；增减:
 »There has been no movement in oil prices.
  石油价格没有变化。
›› MUSIC 音乐
8. [C] any of the main parts that a long piece of music is divided into
• 乐章:
 »the slow movement of the First Concerto
  第一协奏曲的和缓乐章
›› OF BOWELS 肠
9. [C] (technical 术语) = bowel movement
nest / nest /
◙ noun
1. [C] a hollow place or structure that a bird makes or chooses for laying its eggs in and sheltering its young
• 鸟巢；鸟窝
2. [C] a place where insects or other small creatures live and produce their young
• 巢穴；窝
3. [sing.] a secret place which is full of bad people and their activities
• 藏匿处；秘密窝点:
 »a nest of thieves
  贼窝
4. [sing.] the home, thought of as the safe place where parents bring up their children
• 家；安乐窝:
 »to leave the nest (= leave your parents' home)
  离开安乐窝
--› see also empty nest
5. [C, usually sing.] a group or set of similar things that are made to fit inside each other
• (套叠在一起的)一套物件:
 »a nest of tables
  一套桌子
【IDIOMS】
--› see feather v., fly v., hornet , mare
◙ verb
1. [V] to make and use a nest
• 筑巢；巢居:
 »Thousands of seabirds are nesting on the cliffs.
  成千上万的海鸟在悬崖上筑巢。
2. [VN] (technical 术语) to put types of information together, or inside each other, so that they form a single unit
• 嵌套(信息)
torch / tɔ:tʃ; NAme tɔ:rtʃ /
◙ noun
1. (BrE) (also flash∙light NAmE, BrE) a small electric lamp that uses batteries and that you can hold in your hand
• 手电筒:
 »Shine the torch on the lock while I try to get the key in.
  我插钥匙时,请用手电筒照着锁头。
2. (NAmE) = blowlamp
3. a long piece of wood that has material at one end that is set on fire and that people carry to give light
• 火炬；火把:
 »a flaming torch
  燃烧着的火炬
 »the Olympic torch
  奥林匹克火炬
 »(figurative) They struggled to keep the torch of idealism and hope alive.
  他们为使理想主义和希望的火炬不熄灭而奋斗。
【IDIOMS】
◘ put sth to the 'torch
•(literary) to set fire to sth deliberately
• 将…付之一炬
--› more at carry
◙ verb [VN]
• to set fire to a building or vehicle deliberately in order to destroy it
• 放火烧,纵火烧(建筑物或汽车)
sta∙dium / ˈsteidiəm /
◙ noun (pl. sta∙diums or -dia / -diə / )
• a large sports ground surrounded by rows of seats and usually other buildings
• 体育场；运动场:
 »a football / sports stadium
  足球/运动场
 »an all-seater stadium
  全坐席体育场
roof / ru:f /
◙ noun (pl. roofs)
1. the structure that covers or forms the top of a building or vehicle
• 顶部；屋顶；车顶:
 »a flat / sloping roof
  平顶；斜顶
 »a thatched / slate, etc. roof
  茅草、石板瓦等屋顶
 »The corner of the classroom was damp where the roof had leaked.
  教室漏雨的一角是湿的。
 »Tim climbed on to the garage roof.
  蒂姆爬到车库的房顶上。
 »The roof of the car was not damaged in the accident.
  事故中,车顶没有遭到损坏。
--› see also sunroof
2. -roofed (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the type of roof mentioned
• 有…顶的:
 »flat-roofed buildings
  平顶的大楼
3. the top of an underground space such as a tunnel or cave
• 洞顶；隧道顶
4. ~ of your mouth the top of the inside of your mouth
• 口腔顶部；腭部
【IDIOMS】
◘ go through the 'roof
1. (of prices, etc. 价格等) to rise or increase very quickly
• 飞涨；激增
2. (also hit the 'roof) (informal) to become very angry
• 非常生气；暴怒
◘ have a 'roof over your head
• to have somewhere to live
• 有栖身之所
◘ under six 'roof | ◘ under the same 'roof
• in the same building or house
• 在同一座建筑中；同在一个屋檐下:
 »There are various stores and restaurants all under six roof.
  在同一栋大楼里有各种商店和饭馆。
 »I don't think I can live under the same roof as you any longer.
  我觉得我再也不能和你生活在同一个屋檐下了。
◘ under your 'roof
• in your home
• 在家里:
 »I don't want her under my roof again.
  我再也不想让她到我家来了。
--› more at hit v., raise v.
◙ verb
~ sth (in / over) | ~ sth (with / in sth)
• [VN] [often passive] to cover sth with a roof; to put a roof on a building
• 给…盖顶；盖上屋顶:
 »The shopping centre is not roofed over.
  购物中心是露天的。
 »Their cottage was roofed with green slate.
  他们的小房子盖的是绿瓦。
trans∙port
◙ noun / ˈtrænspɔ:t; NAme -spɔ:rt /
1. (especially BrE) (NAmE usually trans∙por∙ta∙tion) [U] a system for carrying people or goods from one place to another using vehicles, roads, etc.
• 交通运输系统:
 »air / freight / road transport
  空运；货运；路运
 »the government's transport policy
  政府的交通运输政策
--› see also public transport
2. (BrE) (NAmE trans∙por∙ta∙tion) [U] a vehicle or method of travel
• 交通车辆；运输工具；旅行方式:
 »Applicants must have their own transport.
  申请人必须有自己的交通工具。
 »Transport to and from the airport is included in the price.
  价格中包括往返机场的交通费。
 »His bike is his only means of transport.
  自行车是他唯一的代步工具。
3. [U] (especially BrE) (also trans∙por∙ta∙tion NAmE, BrE) the activity or business of carrying goods from one place to another using lorries / trucks, trains, etc.
• 运输；运送；输送；搬运:
 »The goods were damaged during transport.
  货物在运输期间受损。
 »controls on the transport of nuclear waste
  运输核废料的管制措施
4. [C] a ship, plane or lorry / truck used for carrying soldiers, supplies, etc. from one place to another
• (运送部队、给养等的)运输船,运输机,运输卡车
5. transports [pl.] ~ of sth (literary) strong feelings and emotions
• 强烈的情感；激情；激动:
 »to be in transports of delight
  兴高采烈
◙ verb
/ trænˈspɔ:t; NAme -ˈspɔ:rt /
▪ əʒŋ , usually +adv. / prep.]
1. to take sth / sb from one place to another in a vehicle
• (用交通工具)运输,运送,输送:
 »to transport goods / passengers
  运送货物/旅客
2. to move sth somewhere by means of a natural process
• (以自然方式)运输,输送,传播
【SYN】 carry :
 »The seeds are transported by the wind.
  这些种子是由风传播的。
 »Blood transports oxygen around the body.
  血把氧气输送到全身。
3. to make sb feel that they are in a different place, time or situation
• 使产生身临其境的感觉:
 »The book transports you to another world.
  这本书会把你带到另一个世界。
4. (in the past) to send sb to a far away place as a punishment
• (旧时)流放:
 »British convicts were transported to Australia for life.
  英国的囚犯被终生流放到澳大利亚。
citi∙zen / ˈsitizn /
◙ noun
1. a person who has the legal right to belong to a particular country
• 公民:
 »She's Italian by birth but is now an Australian citizen.
  她生于意大利,但现在是澳大利亚公民。
 »British citizens living in other parts of the European Union
  居住在欧盟其他地区的英国公民
2. a person who lives in a particular place
• 居民；市民:
 »the citizens of Budapest
  布达佩斯市民
 »When you're old, people treat you like a second-class citizen.
  当你年迈时,人们会把你当成二等公民对待。
--› see also senior citizen
--› compare subject (6)
vest / vest /
◙ noun
1. (BrE) (NAmE under∙shirt) a piece of underwear worn under a shirt, etc. next to the skin
• (衬衣等里面贴身穿的)背心,汗衫:
 »a cotton vest
  棉汗衫
--› compare singlet
2. a special piece of clothing that covers the upper part of the body
• 坎肩；(外面穿的)背心:
 »a bullet-proof vest
  防弹背心
 »a running vest
  赛跑背心
3. (NAmE) = waistcoat
◙ verb
【PHR V】
◘ 'vest in sb / sth (law 律) (of power, property, etc. 权力、财产等)
• to belong to sb / sth legally
• (合法地)属于,归属
◘ 'vest sth in sb ◘ | 'vest sb with sth [often passive] (formal)
1. to give sb the legal right or power to do sth
• 授予,赋予,给予(合法权利或权力):
 »Overall authority is vested in the Supreme Council.
  一切权力属于最高苏维埃。
 »The Supreme Council is vested with overall authority.
  最高苏维埃拥有一切权力。
2. to make sb the legal owner of land or property
• 使合法拥有(土地或财产)
under∙wear / ˈʌndəweə(r); NAme ˈʌndərwer /
◙ noun [U]
• (also formal under∙clothes, [pl.] under∙cloth∙ing [U]) clothes that you wear under other clothes and next to the skin
• 内衣；衬衣:
 »She packed one change of underwear.
  她打行李时带了一套换洗的内衣。
ket∙tle / ˈketl /
◙ noun
• a container with a lid, handle and a spout , used for boiling water
• (烧水用的)壶,水壶:
 »an electric kettle
  电水壶
 »(BrE) I'll put the kettle on (= start boiling some water) and make some tea.
  让我来烧壶水沏茶。
【IDIOMS】
--› see different , pot n.
other∙wise / ˈʌðəwaiz; NAme ˈʌðərwaiz /
◙ adv.
1. used to state what the result would be if sth did not happen or if the situation were different
• 否则；不然:
 »My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip.
  我父母借钱给我了。否则,我可付不起这次旅费。
 »Shut the window, otherwise it'll get too cold in here.
  把窗户关好,不然屋子里就太冷了。
 »We're committed to the project. We wouldn't be here otherwise.
  我们是全心全意投入这项工作的,否则我们就不会到这里来了。
2. apart from that
• 除此以外:
 »There was some music playing upstairs. Otherwise the house was silent.
  楼上有些音乐声。除此以外,房子里静悄悄的。
 »He was slightly bruised but otherwise unhurt.
  他除了一点青肿之外没有受伤。
3. in a different way to the way mentioned; differently
• 在其他方面；另；亦:
 »Bismarck, otherwise known as 'the Iron Chancellor'
  俾斯麦,亦称为"铁血首相"
 »It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers.
  不准出售或以其他方式散发过去的试卷。
 »You know what this is about. Why pretend otherwise (= that you do not) ?
  你明明知道这是怎么回事,为什么装作不知道？
 »I wanted to see him but he was otherwise engaged (= doing sth else).
  我想见他,但他正忙着别的事情。
【IDIOMS】
◘ or otherwise
• used to refer to sth that is different from or the opposite of what has just been mentioned
• 或其他情况；或相反:
 »It was necessary to discover the truth or otherwise of these statements.
  有必要查证这些说法的真实性或虚假性。
 »We insure against all damage, accidental or otherwise.
  我们的保险包括一切意外或其他损失。
--› more at know v.
per / pə(r); strong form pə:(r) /
◙ prep.
• used to express the cost or amount of sth for each person, number used, distance travelled, etc.
• 每；每一:
 »Rooms cost £50 per person, per night.
  房价每人每晚 50 英镑。
 »60 miles per hour
  每小时 60 英里
【IDIOMS】
◘ as per sth
• following sth that has been decided
• 按照；依据:
 »The work was carried out as per instructions.
  工作是按指示进行的。
◘ as per 'normal / 'usual
•(informal) in the way that is normal or usual; as often happens
• 照常；按惯例；一如既往:
 »Everyone blamed me as per usual.
  大家照例是责怪我。
as∙so∙ci∙ation / əˌsəuʃiˈeiʃn; -siˈei-; NAmE əˌsou- /
◙ noun
1. [C + sing. / pl. v.] (abbr. Assoc.) an official group of people who have joined together for a particular purpose
• 协会；社团；联盟
【SYN】 organization :
 »Do you belong to any professional or trade associations?
  你参加了专业学会或行业协会没有？
 »the Football Association
  足球协会
 »a residents' association
  居民联合会
--› see also housing association
2. [C, U] ~ (with sb / sth) a connection or relationship between people or organizations
• 联合；合伙；关连；交往:
 »his alleged association with terrorist groups
  他被指称的与恐怖组织的关连
 »They have maintained a close association with a college in the US.
  他们和美国一所学院保持了密切联系。
 »The book was published in association with (= together with) British Heritage.
  这本书是与英国传统出版社联合出版的。
 »She became famous through her association with the group of poets.
  她通过与这些诗人交往而成名。
3. [C, usually pl.] an idea or a memory that is suggested by sb / sth; a mental connection between ideas
• 联想；联系:
 »The seaside had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me.
  海滨使我联想起童年假期的各种愉快情景。
 »The cat soon made the association between human beings and food.
  这只猫很快就把人类与食物联系起来。
4. [C] a connection between things where six is caused by the other
• 因果关系:
 »a proven association between passive smoking and cancer
  已被证实的被动吸烟与癌症之间的因果关系
grain / ɡrein /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] the small hard seeds of food plants such as wheat , rice, etc.; a single seed of such a plant
• 谷物；谷粒:
 »America's grain exports
  美国的谷物出口
 »a few grains of rice
  几粒大米
--› see also wholegrain
2. [C] a small hard piece of particular substances
• 颗粒；细粒:
 »a grain of salt / sand / sugar
  一粒盐/沙 / 砂糖
3. [C] (used especially in negative sentences 尤用于否定句) a very small amount
• 少量；微量；一点儿
【SYN】 iota :
 »There isn't a grain of truth in those rumours.
  那些谣传一点也不可靠。
4. [C] a small unit of weight, equal to 0.00143 of a pound or 0.0648 of a gram, used for example for weighing medicines
• 格令(重量单位,等于 0.00143 磅或 0.0648 克,用于称量药物等)
5. [U] the natural direction of lines in wood, cloth, etc. or of layers of rock; the pattern of lines that you can see
• (木、织物或石头等的)纹理:
 »to cut a piece of wood along / across the grain
  顺着纹路劈木头；横对纹路把木头拦腰截断
6. [U, C] how rough or smooth a surface feels
• (表面的)质地；触感:
 »wood of coarse / fine grain
  质地粗/细的木头
【IDIOMS】
◘ be / go against the 'grain
• to be or do sth different from what is normal or natural
• 违反常理；不正常；不合常情；与…格格不入:
 »It really goes against the grain to have to work on a Sunday.
  星期天还得上班的确不合常情。
rou∙tine / ru:ˈti:n /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] the normal order and way in which you regularly do things
• 常规；正常顺序:
 »We are trying to get the baby into a routine for feeding and sleeping.
  我们试着让婴儿按时进食和睡觉。
 »Make exercise a part of your daily routine.
  让锻炼成为你日常生活的一部份。
 »We clean and repair the machines as a matter of routine.
  我们定期清洗和修理机器。
2. [U] (disapproving) a situation in which life is boring because things are always done in the same way
• 生活乏味；无聊:
 »She needed a break from routine.
  她需要摆脱一下刻板的生活。
3. [C] a series of movements, jokes, etc. that are part of a performance
• (演出中的)一套动作,一系列笑话(等):
 »a dance routine
  一套舞蹈动作
4. [C] (computing 计) a list of instructions that enable a computer to perform a particular task
• 例行程序；例程
◙ adj. [usually before noun]
1. done or happening as a normal part of a particular job, situation or process
• 常规的；例行公事的；日常的:
 »routine enquiries / questions / tests
  日常的询问；常规审问/检查
 »The fault was discovered during a routine check.
  这个错误是在一次常规检查中发现的。
2. not unusual or different in any way
• 平常的；正常的；毫不特别的:
 »He died of a heart attack during a routine operation.
  他在一次普通手术中死于心脏病。
3. (disapproving) ordinary and boring
• 乏味的；平淡的
【SYN】 dull , humdrum :
 »a routine job
  平淡乏味的工作
 »This type of work rapidly becomes routine.
  这种工作很快就变得乏味无聊。
♦ rou∙tine∙ly adv.:
 »Visitors are routinely checked as they enter the building.
  来访者在进入大楼时都要接受例行检查。
toast / təust; NAme toust /
◙ noun
1. [U] slices of bread that have been made brown and crisp by heating them on both sides in a toaster or under a grill
• 烤麪包片；吐司:
 »cheese on toast
  烤麪包片加奶酪
 »a piece of toast
  一块烤麪包片
 »two slices / rounds of toast
  两片/两整片烤麪包片
--› see also French toast
2. [C] ~ (to sb / sth) the act of a group of people wishing sb happiness, success, etc. by drinking a glass of sth, especially alcohol, at the same time
• 干杯；祝酒；敬酒:
 »I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.
  我提议为新娘新郎干杯。
 »The committee drank a toast to the new project.
  委员会为这项新计划干杯。
3. [sing.] the ~ of... a person who is praised by a lot of people in a particular place because of sth that they have done well
• (在某领域)广受赞誉的人,有口皆碑的人:
 »The performance made her the toast of the festival.
  她的演出使她在会演中备受推崇。
【IDIOMS】
◘ be 'toast
•(informal, especially NAmE) to be likely to die or be destroyed
• 会死；要完蛋:
 »One mistake and you're toast.
  要是出一次错,你就完了。
◙ verb
1. [VN] to lift a glass of wine, etc. in the air and drink it at the same time as other people in order to wish sb / sth success, happiness, etc.
• 为…举杯敬酒；为…干杯:
 »The happy couple were toasted in champagne.
  人们举起香槟酒为这对幸福的伉俪干杯。
 »We toasted the success of the new company.
  我们为新公司的成功干杯。
2. to make sth, especially bread, turn brown by heating it in a toaster or close to heat; to turn brown in this way
• 烤(尤指麪包)；把…烤得焦黄:
▪ [VN]
 »a toasted sandwich
  烤过的三明治
▪ [V]
 »Place under a hot grill until the nuts have toasted.
  把这些坚果放在高温烤架下面烤熟。
3. [VN] to warm a part of your body by placing it near a fire
• 烤火；取暖；使暖和
coke / kəuk; NAmE kouk /
◙ noun [U]
1. (informal) = cocaine
2. a black substance that is produced from coal and burnt to provide heat
• 焦炭
Coke™ / kəuk; NAmE kouk /
◙ noun [C, U] (informal) = Coca-Cola :
 »Can I have a Diet Coke?
  能给我来一罐低热量可乐吗？
lem∙on∙ade / ˌleməˈneid /
◙ noun
1. [U] (BrE) a sweet fizzy drink (= with bubbles) with a lemon flavour
• 柠檬味汽水
2. [U] a drink made from lemon juice, sugar and water
• 柠檬饮料
3. [C] a glass or bottle of lemonade
• 一杯(或一瓶)柠檬饮料
--› compare orangeade
'ping-pong (BrE, informal) (NAmE 'Ping-Pong™)
◙ noun [U] = table tennis
net / net /
◙ noun
1. [U] a type of material that is made of string, thread or wire twisted or tied together, with small spaces in between
• 网；网状物:
 »net curtains
  网眼帘子
--› see also fishnet , netting
2. [C] (especially in compounds 尤用于构成复合词) a piece of net used for a particular purpose, such as catching fish or covering sth
• 有专门用途的网:
 »fishing nets
  渔网
 »a mosquito net (= used to protect you from mosquitoes )
  蚊帐
--› see also hairnet , safety net
3. the net [sing.] (in sports 体育运动) the frame covered in net that forms the goal
• 球门网:
 »to kick the ball into the back of the net
  把球踢进网窝
4. the net [sing.] (in tennis , etc. 网球等) the piece of net between the ten players that the ball goes over
• 球网
5. the Net (informal) = Internet
【IDIOMS】
--› see cast v., slip v., spread v.
◙ adj. (BrE also nett)
1. [usually before noun] a net amount of money is the amount that remains when nothing more is to be taken away
• 净得的；纯的:
 »a net profit of £500
  * 500 英镑的纯利润
 »net income / earnings (= after tax has been paid)
  纯收入
--› compare gross adj. (1)
2. [only before noun] the net weight of sth is the weight without its container or the material it is wrapped in
• 净的:
 »450gms net weight
  净重 450 克
--› compare gross adj. (1)
3. [only before noun] final, after all the important facts have been included
• 最后的；最终的:
 »The net result is that small shopkeepers are being forced out of business.
  最终结果是小店主被挤出了这个行业。
 »Canada is now a substantial net importer of medicines (= it imports more than it exports).
  加拿大现在是一个药物净进口大国。
 »a net gain
  最终收益
♦ net adv.:
 »a salary of $50 000 net
  * 5 万元的税后薪水
 »Interest on the investment will be paid net (= tax will already have been taken away).
  投资的利息将按税后的数额支付。
--› compare gross adv.
◙ verb (-tt-) [VN]
1. to earn an amount of money as a profit after you have paid tax on it
• 净赚；净得:
 »The sale of paintings netted £17 000.
  卖画净得 17 000 英镑。
2. to catch sth, especially fish, in a net
• 用网捕捉(鱼等)
3. to catch sb or obtain sth in a skilful way
• (巧妙地)捕获,得到:
 »A swoop by customs officers netted a large quantity of drugs.
  海关人员突然袭击,缉获大量毒品。
4. (especially BrE) to kick or hit a ball into the goal
【SYN】 score
• (将球)踢入球门,射入球门:
 »He has netted 21 goals so far this season.
  这个赛季至今他已射中 21 球。
5. to cover sth with a net or nets
• 用网覆盖
ori∙gin / ˈɔridʒin; NAme ˈɔ:r-; ˈɑ:r- /
◙ noun [C, U] (also ori∙gins [pl.])
1. the point from which sth starts; the cause of sth
• 起源；源头；起因:
 »the origins of life on earth
  地球上生命的起源
 »Most coughs are viral in origin (= caused by a virus).
  咳嗽大多是由病毒引发的。
 »The origin of the word remains obscure.
  该词的来源尚不清楚。
 »This particular custom has its origins in Wales.
  这一特殊风俗起源于威尔士。
2. a person's social and family background
• 身世；出身:
 »She has risen from humble origins to immense wealth.
  她出身卑微,终成巨富。
 »children of various ethnic origins
  各族裔的儿童
 »people of German origin
  德裔民众
 »a person's country of origin (= where they were born)
  某人的出生国
out∙doors / ˌautˈdɔ:z; NAme -ˈdɔ:rz /
◙ adv.
• outside, rather than in a building
• 在户外；在野外:
 »The rain prevented them from eating outdoors.
  雨阻止了他们的野餐。
【OPP】 indoors
--› note at outside
◙ noun the outdoors [sing.]
• the countryside, away from buildings and busy places
• 野外；旷野；郊外:
 »They both have a love of the outdoors.
  他们俩都喜爱郊外的环境。
 »Come to Canada and enjoy the great outdoors.
  到加拿大来享受蓝天碧野吧！
fre∙quent
◙ adj.
• / ˈfri:kwənt / happening or doing sth often
• 频繁的；经常发生的:
 »He is a frequent visitor to this country.
  他常常访问这个国家。
 »Her calls became less frequent.
  她打电话的次数减少了。
 »There is a frequent bus service into the centre of town.
  公共汽车有很多班次开往市中心区。
 »How frequent is this word (= how often does it occur in the language) ?
  这个单词出现的频率如何？
【OPP】 infrequent
◙ verb / friˈkwent /
• əʒŋ] (formal) to visit a particular place often
• 常去,常到(某处):
 »We met in a local bar much frequented by students.
  我们在学生经常去的一家酒吧里相遇。
tech∙nique / tekˈni:k /
◙ noun
1. [C] a particular way of doing sth, especially one in which you have to learn special skills
• 技巧；技艺；工艺:
 »The artist combines different techniques in the same painting.
  这位艺术家在同一幅画中把不同的画法结合在一起。
 »marketing techniques
  营销技巧
2. [U, sing.] the skill with which sb is able to do sth practical
• 技术；技能:
 »Her technique has improved a lot over the past season.
  在过去的一个赛季里,她的技术大有长进。
bowl∙ing / ˈbəuliŋ; NAmE ˈbou- /
◙ noun [U]
• a game in which players roll heavy balls (called bowls ) along a special track towards a group of pins (= bottle-shaped objects) and try to knock over as many of them as possible
• 保龄球戏
--› compare bowl n. (6)
con∙tin∙ent / ˈkɔntinənt; NAmE ˈkɑ:n- /
◙ noun
1. [C] one of the large land masses of the earth such as Europe, Asia or Africa
• 大陆；陆地；洲:
 »the continent of Africa
  非洲大陆
 »the African continent
  非洲大陆
2. the Continent [sing.] (BrE) the main part of the continent of Europe, not including Britain or Ireland
• 欧洲大陆(不包括英国和爱尔兰):
 »We're going to spend a weekend on the Continent.
  我们要去欧洲大陆度周末。
budget / ˈbʌdʒit /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] the money that is available to a person or an organization and a plan of how it will be spent over a period of time
• 预算:
 »a monthly / an annual / a family budget
  每月/年度/家庭预算
 »the education / defence budget (= the amount of money that can be spent on this)
  教育/国防预算
 »an advertising budget of $2 million
  预计 200 万元的广告费
 »a big-budget movie
  一部巨额预算的电影
 »We decorated the house on a tight budget (= without much money to spend).
  我们俭省地装修了房子。
 »The work was finished on time and within budget (= did not cost more money than was planned).
  工作按时完成且未超出预算。
 »They went over budget (= spent too much money).
  他们超出了预算。
 »budget cuts
  预算削减
2. (BrE also Budget) an official statement by the government of a country's income from taxes, etc. and how it will be spent
• 政府的年度预算:
 »tax cuts in this year's budget
  本年度政府预算中的税收削减
 »a budget deficit (= when the government spends more money than it earns)
  政府预算赤字
◙ verb
• ~ (sth) (for sth) | ~ sth (at sth) to be careful about the amount of money you spend; to plan to spend an amount of money for a particular purpose
• 谨慎花钱；把…编入预算:
▪ [V]
 »If we budget carefully we'll be able to afford the trip.
  我们精打细算一点,就能够负担这次旅行。
 »I've budgeted for two new members of staff.
  我已经把两名新职员名额编入预算。
▪ [VN]
 »Ten million francs has been budgeted for the project.
  为该工程已编制了一千万法郎的预算。
 »The project has been budgeted at ten million francs.
  该工程已制订一千万法郎的预算。
--› note at save
♦ budget∙ing noun [U]
◙ adj. [only before noun]
• (used in advertising, etc. 用于广告等) low in price
• 价格低廉的；花钱少的:
 »a budget flight / hotel
  便宜的航班/旅馆
--› note at cheap
re∙move / riˈmu:v /
◙ verb [VN]
1. ~ sth / sb (from sth / sb) to take sth / sb away from a place
• 移开；拿开；去掉；从…机构开除:
 »He removed his hand from her shoulder.
  他将手从她的肩膀上拿开。
 »Illegally parked vehicles will be removed.
  非法停放的车辆将被拖走。
 »Three children were removed from the school for persistent bad behaviour.
  三个孩子因持续行为不检被学校开除。
2. to take off clothing, etc. from the body
• 脱去(衣服等)；摘下:
 »She removed her glasses and rubbed her eyes.
  她摘下眼镜,揉了揉眼睛。
3. ~ sth (from sb / sth) to get rid of sth unpleasant, dirty, etc.; to make sth disappear
• 去除,排除(污渍、不愉快的事物等)；使消失:
 »She has had the tumour removed.
  她已经将肿瘤切除了。
 »to remove problems / obstacles / objections
  解决问题；排除障碍；消除异议
 »The news removed any doubts about the company's future.
  这个消息消除了一切有关公司未来的疑虑。
4. to dismiss sb from their position or job
• 免除,解除(职务等):
 »The elections removed the government from power.
  这次选举使得政府倒台。
【IDIOMS】
◘ once, twice, etc. re'moved
(of a cousin 堂/表亲)
• belonging to a different generation
• 隔代的:
 »He's my cousin's son so he's my first cousin once removed.
  他是我表兄弟的儿子,所以他是我隔了一代的表亲。
◘ be far / further / furthest removed from sth
• to be very different from sth; to not be connected with sth
• 与…大相迳庭；与…不相干:
 »Many of these books are far removed from the reality of the children's lives.
  很多这样的书都远远地脱离了孩子们的现实生活。
◙ noun [C, U]
• (formal) an amount by which ten things are separated
• 距离；差距；间距:
 »Charlotte seemed to be living at six remove from reality.
  夏洛特好像生活在现实之外。
un∙usual / ʌnˈju:ʒuəl; -ʒəl /
◙ adj.
1. different from what is usual or normal
• 特别的；不寻常的；罕见的
【SYN】 uncommon :
 »It's unusual for the trees to flower so early.
  这种树这么早开花很少见。
 »She has a very unusual name.
  她的名字很特别。
 »It's not unusual for young doctors to work a 70-hour week (= it happens often).
  年轻的医生每周工作 70 小时并不罕见。
2. different from other similar things and therefore interesting and attractive
• 独特的；与众不同的；别致的:
 »an unusual colour
  特别的颜色
power / ˈpauə(r) /
◙ noun
›› CONTROL 操纵
1. [U] ~ (over sb / sth) | ~ (to do sth) the ability to control people or things
• 控制力；影响力；操纵力:
 »The aim is to give people more power over their own lives.
  目的是让人们更能主宰自己的生命。
 »He has the power to make things very unpleasant for us.
  他掌握着我们的命运,可以把我们搞得狼狈不堪。
 »to have sb in your power (= to be able to do what you like with sb)
  能支配某人
2. [U] political control of a country or an area
• 统治；政权:
 »to take / seize / lose power
  掌握/夺取/失掉政权
 »The present regime has been in power for ten years.
  现政权已经执政两年了。
 »The party came to power at the last election.
  这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。
 »They are hoping to return to power.
  他们希望重掌政权。
 »a power struggle between rival factions within the party
  党内对立派别之间的权力斗争
--› see also balance of power
›› ABILITY 能力
3. [U] (in people 人的) the ability or opportunity to do sth
• 能力；机会:
 »It is not within my power (= I am unable or not in a position) to help you.
  我是爱莫能助啊。
 »I will do everything in my power to help you.
  我将尽全力帮助你。
4. [U] (also powers [pl.]) a particular ability of the body or mind
• (身体、心智的)某种能力:
 »He had lost the power of speech.
  他丧失了语言能力。
 »The drug may affect your powers of concentration.
  这种药可能会影响你的注意力集中。
 »He had to use all his powers of persuasion.
  他只好使出说服人的全部本领。
5. powers [pl.] all the abilities of a person's body or mind
• (全部)体力,智力:
 »At 26, he is at the height of his powers and ranked fourth in the world.
  * 26 岁时,他处于巅峰状态,排名世界第四。
›› AUTHORITY 权威
6. [U, C, usually pl.] ~ (to do sth) the right or authority of a person or group to do sth
• 权力；职权；权势:
 »The Secretary of State has the power to approve the proposals.
  国务卿有权批准这些提议。
 »The powers of the police must be clearly defined.
  警察的职权必须明确界定。
 »The president has the power of veto over all new legislation.
  总统有权否决一切新法规。
--› see also power of attorney
›› COUNTRY 国家
7. [C] a country with a lot of influence in world affairs, or with great military strength
• 有影响力的大国；军事强国:
 »world powers
  世界列强
 »an allied / enemy power
  同盟/敌对国
--› see also superpower
›› INFLUENCE 影响
8. [U] (in compounds 构成复合词) strength or influence in a particular area of activity
• 某方面的力量(或影响)；实力:
 »economic power
  经济实力
 »air / sea power (= military strength in the air / at sea)
  空中/海上军事力量
 »purchasing power
  购买力
9. [U] the influence of a particular thing or group within society
• (某事物或社会集团的)影响力,势力:
 »the power of the media
  新闻媒体的影响力
 »parent power
  父母的影响力
›› ENERGY 能量
10. [U] the strength or energy contained in sth
• 力；力量；能量:
 »The ship was helpless against the power of the storm.
  那艘船只能任凭强大的暴风雨肆虐。
 »It was a performance of great power.
  那是巨大能量的作用。
--› see also firepower , staying power
11. [U] energy that can be collected and used to operate a machine, to make electricity, etc.
• 能；能量；功率:
 »nuclear / wind / solar power
  核/风 / 太阳能
 »engine power
  发动机的功率
--› see also horsepower
›› ELECTRICITY 电
12. [U] the public supply of electricity
• 电力供应:
 »They've switched off the power.
  他们关掉了电源。
 »a power failure
  停电
›› MATHEMATICS 数学
13. [C, usually sing.] the number of times that an amount is to be multiplied by itself
• 乘方；幂:
 »4 to the power of 3 is 4'Arial', '细明体'">3 (= 4 × 4 × 4 = 64).
  * 4 的 3 次方是 4'Arial', '细明体'">3。
›› OF LENS 透镜
14. [U] the amount by which a lens can make objects appear larger
• 放大倍数；放大率:
 »the power of a microscope / telescope
  显微镜/望远镜的放大率
›› GOOD / EVIL SPIRIT 善/恶精灵
15. [C] a good or evil spirit that controls the lives of others
• 正义(或邪恶)力量:
 »the powers of darkness (= the forces of evil)
  黑暗势力
【IDIOMS】
◘ do sb a 'power of good
•(old-fashioned, informal) to be very good for sb's physical or mental health
• 对身心大为有益
◘ more power to sb's 'elbow
• (old-fashioned, BrE, informal) used to express support or encouragement for sb to do sth
• (表示支持或鼓励)再加把劲,加油,祝…成功
◘ the (real) power behind the 'throne
• the person who really controls an organization, a country, etc. in contrast to the person who is legally in charge
• 太上皇；幕后操纵者
◘ the ˌpowers that 'be
•(often ironic) the people who control an organization, a country, etc.
• 当权派；权力集团
--› more at corridor , sweep v.
◙ verb
›› SUPPLY ENERGY 提供动力
1. [VN] [usually passive] to supply a machine or vehicle with the energy that makes it work
• 驱动,推动(机器或车辆):
 »The aircraft is powered by a jet engine.
  这架飞机由喷气发动机驱动。
›› MOVE QUICKLY 快速移动
2. [+adv. / prep.] to move or move sth very quickly and with great power in a particular direction
• (使)迅猛移动,快速前进:
▪ [V]
 »He powered through the water.
  他在水中迅速游动。
▪ [VN]
 »She powered her way into the lead.
  她迅速用力冲到最前面。
 »He powered his header past the goalie.
  他用力把球顶过了守门员。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌpower sth∽'up
• to prepare a machine to start working by supplying it with electricity, etc.
• 给…供电(等)；使(机器)启动
tae kwon do / ˌtai ˌkwɔn ˈdəu; NAme ˌkwɑ:n ˈdou /
◙ noun [U]
• a Korean system of fighting without weapons, similar to karate
• 跆拳道
rugby / ˈrʌɡbi / (sometimes ɔugby) (also ˌrugby 'football)
◙ noun [U]
• a game played by two teams of 13 or 15 players, using an oval ball which may be kicked or carried. Teams try to put the ball over the other team's line.
• 橄榄球运动
【ORIGIN】Named after Rugby school, where the game was first played.
• 以第一次开展橄榄球运动的拉格比学校命名。
golf / ɡɔlf; NAmE ɡɑ:lf; ɡɔ:lf /
◙ noun [U]
• a game played over a large area of ground using specially shaped sticks to hit a small hard ball (a golf ball) into a series of 9 or 18 holes, using as few strokes as possible
• 高尔夫球运动:
 »He enjoyed a round of golf on a Sunday morning.
  他喜欢星期天的上午打一场高尔夫球。
--› see also crazy golf , mini-golf
eagle / ˈi:ɡl /
◙ noun
1. a large bird of prey (= a bird that kills other creatures for food) with a sharp curved beak and very good sight
• 雕:
 »eagles soaring overhead
  在上空翱翔的雕
--› see also bald eagle , golden eagle
2. (in golf 高尔夫球) a score of two strokes less than the standard score for a hole (= two under par )
• 鹰击(比标准杆少打两杆)
--› compare birdie (2), bogey (4)
team∙mate / ˈti:mmeit /
◙ noun
• a member of the same team or group as yourself
• 同队队员；队友
kan∙ga∙roo / ˌkæŋɡəˈru: /
◙ noun (pl. -oos)
• (also informal roo) a large Australian animal with a strong tail and back legs, that moves by jumping. The female carries its young in a pocket of skin (called a pouch ) on the front of its body.
• 袋鼠(产于澳大利亚)
goal / ɡəul; NAmE ɡoul /
◙ noun
1. (in sports 体育运动) a wooden frame with a net into which players must kick or hit the ball in order to score a point
• 球门:
 »He headed the ball into an open goal (= six that had nobody defending it).
  他把球顶进了空门。
 »Who is in goal (= is the goalkeeper ) for Arsenal?
  阿森纳队的守门员是谁？
2. the act of kicking or hitting the ball into the goal ; a point that is scored for this
• 射门；进球得分:
 »The winning goal was scored by Hill.
  希尔踢进了致胜的一球。
 »Liverpool won by seven goals to one.
  利物浦队以三比一获胜。
 »United conceded ten goals in the first half.
  联队在上半场被攻入了两球。
 »a penalty goal
  点球罚中
--› see also drop goal , golden goal , own goal
3. something that you hope to achieve
• 目标；目的
【SYN】 aim :
 »to work towards a goal
  争取达到目标
 »to achieve / attain a goal
  达到目标
 »You need to set yourself some long-term goals.
  你得为自己订一些长期目标。
 »Our ultimate goal must be the preservation of the environment.
  我们的最终目的必须是环境保护。
--› note at target
shot / ʃɔt; NAme ʃɑ:t /
--› see also shoot , shot , shot v.
◙ noun
›› WITH GUN 用枪炮
1. [C] ~ (at sb / sth) the act of firing a gun; the sound this makes
• 射击；开枪(或炮)；枪(或炮)声:
 »The man fired several shots from his pistol.
  那个男人用手枪开了几枪。
 »Someone took a shot at the car.
  有人朝轿车开枪。
 »We heard some shots in the distance.
  我们听见远处有几声枪响。
--› see also gunshot , potshot
2. [C] a good, bad, etc. ~ a person who shoots a gun in a particular way (well, badly, etc.)
• 优秀(或不高明等的)射手,枪手,炮手
›› BULLETS 子弹
3. (also ˌlead 'shot) əu] a large number of small metal balls that you fire together from a shotgun
• 铅沙弹
--› see also buckshot
4. [C] (pl. shot) a large stone or metal ball that was shot from a cannon or large gun in the past
• (旧时用大炮发射的石质或金属的)弹丸
›› REMARK / ACTION 言语；行动
5. [C] a remark or an action that is usually six of a series, and is aimed against sb / sth that you are arguing or competing with
• (针对对手、多为一系列之一的)一席话,一击:
 »This statement was the opening shot in the argument.
  这番话打响了争论的第一炮。
 »The supermarket fired the first shot in a price war today.
  今天,这家超市打响了价格战的头一炮。
›› ATTEMPT 尝试
6. [C, usually sing.] ~ (at sth / at doing sth) (informal) the act of trying to do or achieve sth
• 尝试；努力:
 »The team are looking good for a shot at the title.
  看来这个队力争夺冠的势头不错。
 »I've never produced a play before but I'll have a shot at it.
  我从来没有写过戏剧,不过我要尝试一下。
 »I'm willing to give it a shot.
  我愿意试试。
 »Just give it your best shot (= try as hard as you can) and you'll be fine.
  只要尽自己最大努力,你就会有好的结果。
›› IN SPORT 体育运动
7. [C] the action of hitting, kicking or throwing the ball in order to score a point or goal in a game
• 击球；射门；投篮:
 »Taylor scored with a low shot into the corner of the net.
  泰勒一脚低射,把球射入网角。
 »Good shot!
  好球！
8. (often the shot) [sing.] the heavy ball that is used in the sports competition called the shot-put
• 铅球
›› PHOTOGRAPH 照片
9. [C] a photograph
• 照片:
 »I got some good shots of people at the party.
  我给参加聚会的人拍了几张精彩的照片。
--› see also mugshot , snapshot (1)
--› note at photograph
›› SCENE IN FILM / MOVIE 电影中的镜头
10. [C] a scene in a film / movie that is filmed continuously by six camera
• (电影中的)镜头:
 »the opening shot of a character walking across a desert
  影片开头呈现一个人穿越沙漠的镜头
›› DRUG 药物
11. [C] (informal, especially NAmE) a small amount of a drug that is put into your body using a syringe
• 注射
【SYN】 injection :
 »a flu shot (= to protect you against flu)
  打预防流感的针
 »a shot of morphine
  打一针吗啡
›› DRINK 饮料
12. [C] (informal) a small amount of a drink, especially a strong alcoholic one
• 少量饮料；(尤指)少量烈酒:
 »a shot of whisky
  一点威士忌
›› OF SPACECRAFT 航天器
13. [C] an occasion when a spacecraft is sent into space
• 发射:
 »The space shot was shown live on television.
  此次太空发射在电视上做了实况转播。
›› HORSE / DOG IN RACE 比赛中的马(或狗)
14. [sing.] (used with numbers 与数字连用) a horse, dog, etc. that has the particular chance of winning a race that is mentioned
• 有…获胜可能的马(或狗):
 »The horse is a 10–1 shot.
  这匹马的获胜率为 10:1。
【HELP】You will find other compounds ending in shot at their place in the alphabet.
• 其他以 shot 结尾的复合词可在各字母中的适当位置查到。
【IDIOMS】
◘ like a 'shot
•(informal) very quickly and without hesitating
• 立刻；飞快地；毫不犹豫:
 »If I had the chance to go there, I'd go like a shot.
  要是我有机会去那儿,我会毫不犹豫就去的。
◘ a shot across the / sb's 'bows
• something that you say or do as a warning to sb about what might happen if they do not change, etc.
• (若不改变就会有某种后果的)警告
◘ a shot in the 'arm
• something that gives sb / sth the help or encouragement they need
• 鼓舞的力量；令人振奋的事情；强心针
--› more at big adj., call v., dark n., long adj., parting adj.
◙ adj.
1. ~ (with sth) (of cloth, hair, etc. 织物、毛发等) having another colour showing through or mixed with the main colour
• 杂色的；闪色的:
 »shot silk
  闪色绸
2. [not before noun] (informal) in a very bad condition; destroyed
• 破烂不堪；筋疲力尽；毁坏:
 »The brakes on this car are shot.
  这辆车上的刹车完全失灵了。
 »I'm shot—I'm too old for this job.
  我一点力气都没有了——我这岁数干不动这活儿了。
 »After the accident his nerves were shot to pieces.
  经历了那场事故,他的神经脆弱到了极点。
◘ be / get 'shot of sb / sth
(BrE, informal)
• to get rid of sb / sth so you no longer have the problems they cause
• 摆脱；解决；处理
◘ shot through with sth
• containing a lot of a particular colour, quality or feature
• 布满,充满,富有(某种颜色、品质或特征):
 »a voice shot through with emotion
  富有感情的声音
ref∙er∙ee / ˌrefəˈri: /
◙ noun
1. (also informal ref) the official who controls the game in some sports
• (某些体育比赛的)裁判,裁判员:
 »He was sent off for arguing with the referee.
  他因为和裁判发生争执而被罚出场。
--› compare umpire n.
2. (BrE) a person who gives information about your character and ability, usually in a letter, for example when you are applying for a job
• 介绍人；推荐人
3. a person who is asked to settle a disagreement
• 仲裁员；调解人:
 »to act as a referee between the parties involved
  充当相关各方的调解人
4. a person who reads and checks the quality of a technical article before it is published
• (专业性强的文章的)审阅人,鉴定专家
◙ verb
1. to act as the referee in a game
• 担任裁判；裁判:
▪ [V]
 »a refereeing decision
  裁判决定
▪ [VN]
 »Who refereed the final?
  那场决赛谁是裁判？
2. [VN] to read and check the quality of a technical article before it is published
• 审阅,鉴定(专业性强的文章)
whis∙tle / ˈwisl /
◙ noun
1. a small metal or plastic tube that you blow to make a loud high sound, used to attract attention or as a signal
• 哨子:
 »The referee finally blew the whistle to stop the game.
  裁判最后吹响了终场的哨声。
--› see also tin whistle
2. the sound made by blowing a whistle
• 哨子声:
 »He scored the winning goal just seconds before the final whistle.
  他就在终场哨声前的几秒钟内打进了制胜的一球。
3. the sound that you make by forcing your breath out when your lips are closed
• 口哨:
 »a shrill whistle
  尖厉的口哨声
--› see also wolf whistle
4. the high loud sound produced by air or steam being forced through a small opening, or by sth moving quickly through the air
• 汽笛声；警笛声；呼啸声
5. a piece of equipment that makes a high loud sound when air or steam is forced through it
• 汽笛:
 »The train whistle blew as we left the station.
  我们离开车站时火车的汽笛响了。
 »a factory whistle
  工厂的汽笛
【IDIOMS】

—more at blow v., clean adj.
◙ verb
1. to make a high sound or a musical tune by forcing your breath out when your lips are closed
• 吹口哨；打呼哨:
▪ [VN]
 »to whistle a tune
  用口哨吹曲子
▪ [V]
 »He whistled in amazement.
  他惊愕地吹了个口哨。
 »The crowd booed and whistled as the player came onto the field.
  那队员上场时,人群又是发出呸呸声又是吹口哨。
 »She whistled to the dog to come back.
  她打了个呼哨把狗唤回来。
2. [V] to make a high sound by blowing into a whistle
• 吹哨子:
 »The referee whistled for a foul.
  裁判吹哨子示意有人犯规。
3. [V] (of a kettle or other machine 烧水壶或机器) to make a high sound
• 鸣叫；呼啸；发出笛声:
 »The kettle began to whistle.
  烧水壶呜呜地响了起来。
 »The microphone was making a strange whistling sound.
  扩音器发出一种奇怪的哨音。
4. [V +adv. / prep.] to move quickly, making a high sound
• 呼啸而行；嗖嗖地移动:
 »The wind whistled down the chimney.
  风飕飕地顺着烟囱往下刮。
 »A bullet whistled past his ear.
  子弹嗖的一声从他耳边飞过。
5. [V] (of a bird 鸟) to make a high sound
• 啭鸣；唧啾
◘ sb can 'whistle for sth
• (BrE, informal) used to say that you are not going to give sb sth that they have asked for
• (表示不给他人所要的东西)得不到,空指望
re∙port∙er / riˈpɔ:tə(r); NAme -ˈpɔ:rt- /
◙ noun
• a person who collects and reports news for newspapers, radio or television
• 记者；通讯员:
 »a reporter from the New York Times
  《纽约时报》的记者
 »a crime reporter
  报道犯罪的记者
--› compare journalist
--› see also cub reporter
un∙fair / ˌʌnˈfeə(r); NAme -ˈfer /
◙ adj.
• ~ (on / to sb) not right or fair according to a set of rules or principles; not treating people equally
• 不公正的；不公平的；待人不平等的
【SYN】 unjust :
 »unfair criticism
  不公正的批评
 »It seems unfair on him to make him pay for everything.
  让他承担一切费用似乎对他不公平。
 »It would be unfair not to let you have a choice.
  不让你有所选择是不公平的。
 »They had been given an unfair advantage.
  他们得到了不公正的好处。
 »unfair dismissal (= a situation in which sb is illegally dismissed from their job)
  不公平解雇
 »measures to prevent unfair competition between member countries
  防止成员国之间不公平竞争的措施
 »Life seems so unfair sometimes.
  人生有时似乎非常不公平。
 »It's so unfair!
  这太不公平了！
【OPP】 fair
♦ un∙fair∙ly adv.:
 »She claims to have been unfairly dismissed.
  她声言遭到无理解雇。
 »The tests discriminate unfairly against older people.
  这些测验使年纪较大的人受到歧视。
♦ un∙fair∙ness noun [U]
bit∙ter / ˈbitə(r) /
◙ adj.
【HELP】More bitter and most bitter are the usual comparative and superlative forms, but bitterest can also be used.
• * more bitter 和 most bitter 是常用的比较级和最高级形式,但也可以用 bitterest。
1. (of arguments, disagreements, etc. 争论、分歧等) very serious and unpleasant, with a lot of anger and hatred involved
• 激烈而不愉快的；充满愤怒与仇恨的:
 »a long and bitter dispute
  漫长的激烈争论
2. (of people 人) feeling angry and unhappy because you feel that you have been treated unfairly
• 愤愤不平的:
 »She is very bitter about losing her job.
  她丢掉了工作,心里很不服气。
3. [usually before noun] making you feel very unhappy; caused by great unhappiness
• 令人不快的；使人悲痛的；由痛苦引起的:
 »to weep / shed bitter tears
  伤心落泪
 »Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team.
  输掉这场比赛对这个队来说是一件伤心失望的事。
 »I've learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says.
  我已从痛苦的经验中得到了教训,不要相信他的话。
4. (of food, etc. 食物等) having a strong, unpleasant taste; not sweet
• 味苦的:
 »Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth.
  清咖啡在嘴里留下苦味。
--› compare sweet adj. (1)
5. (of weather conditions 天气) extremely cold and unpleasant
• 严寒的:
 »bitter cold
  严寒
 »a bitter wind
  刺骨寒风
 »It's really bitter out today.
  今天户外的确很冷。
♦ bit∙ter∙ness noun [U] :
 »The pay cut caused bitterness among the staff.
  降低工资使职员们十分愤懑。
 »The flowers of the hop plant add bitterness to the beer.
  忽布花可增加啤酒的苦味。
【IDIOMS】
◘ a bitter 'pill (for sb) (to swallow)
• a fact or an event that is unpleasant and difficult to accept
• 严酷的现实；(难以咽下的)苦果
◘ to / until the bitter 'end
• continuing until you have done everything you can, or until sth is completely finished, despite difficulties and problems
• (不怕艰苦)坚持到底,奋斗到底:
 »They were prepared to fight to the bitter end for their rights.
  他们甘愿为自己的权利斗争到底。
◙ noun (BrE)
1. [U, C] a type of beer with a dark colour and a strong bitter taste, that is very popular in Britain
• 苦啤酒(在英国很受欢迎):
 »A pint of bitter, please.
  请来一品脱苦啤酒。
--› compare mild n.
2. bitters [U + sing. / pl. v.] a strong bitter alcoholic liquid that is made from plants and added to other alcoholic drinks to give flavour
• 苦酒原汁(从植物中提取的苦酒精液体,可增加其他酒精饮料的味道):
 »gin with a dash of bitters
  掺了少量苦酒汁的杜松子酒
mean∙while / ˈmi:nwail /
◙ adv.
1. (also informal mean∙time) while sth else is happening
• 同时；与此同时:
 »Bob spent fifteen months alone on his yacht. Ann, meanwhile, took care of the children on her own.
  鲍勃独自在他的游艇上待了十五个月。在这段时间,安一个人照顾孩子。
2. (also informal mean∙time) in the period of time between ten times or ten events
• 其间:
 »The doctor will see you again next week. Meanwhile, you must rest as much as possible.
  医生下周还会给你看病。在此期间,你一定要尽可能多休息。
3. used to compare ten aspects of a situation
• (比较两方面)对比之下:
 »Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, meanwhile, can reduce its effects.
  压力可能严重损害你的健康；锻炼可以减少这些创伤。
◙ noun
• 【IDIOMS】
◘ for the 'meanwhile
(BrE) for a short period of time but not permanently
• 一会儿；暂时:
 »We need some new curtains, but these will do for the meanwhile.
  我们需要一些新的窗帘,但这些暂时还可以用。
◘ in the 'meanwhile
• in the period of time between ten times or ten events
• 在此期间；与此同时:
 »I hope to go to medical school eventually. In the meanwhile, I am going to study chemistry.
  我希望最终能上医学院。这期间我打算学化学。
tie / tai /
◙ verb
(ties, tying, tied, tied)
›› FASTEN WITH STRING / ROPE 用线/绳扎牢
1. [VN , usually +adv. / prep.] to attach or hold ten or more things together using string, rope, etc.; to fasten sb / sth with string, rope, etc.
• (用线、绳等)系,拴,绑,捆,束:
 »She tied the newspapers in a bundle.
  她把报纸扎成一捆。
 »He had to tie her hands together.
  他不得不把她的双手绑在一起。
 »They tied him to a chair with cable.
  他们用电缆把他绑在一把椅子上。
 »Shall I tie the package or tape it?
  我把这个包裹捆起来还是贴胶带？
 »I tie back my hair when I'm cooking.
  我做饭时把头发束在后面。
2. [VN +adv. / prep.] to fasten sth to or around sth else
• 将…系在…上；束紧；系牢；捆绑:
 »She tied a label on to the suitcase.
  她把签条系在衣箱上。
3. [VN] to make a knot in a piece of string, rope, etc.
• (在线、绳上)打结,系扣:
 »to tie a ribbon
  系丝带
 »Can you help me tie my tie?
  你能帮我打领带吗？
 »Tie up your shoelaces!
  把你的鞋带系好！
 »I tied a knot in the rope.
  我在绳子上打了个结。
4. [V , usually +adv. / prep.] to be closed or fastened with a knot, etc.
• 打结系牢；系上:
 »The skirt ties at the waist.
  裙子在腰部束紧。
›› CONNECT / LINK 连接；联系
5. [VN] [usually passive] ~ sb / sth (to sth / sb) to connect or link sb / sth closely with sb / sth else
• 连接；联合；使紧密结合:
 »Pay increases are tied to inflation.
  提高工资和通货膨胀紧密相关。
 »The house is tied to the job, so we'll have to move when I retire.
  这房子是为工作提供的,所以我退休后我们就得搬家。
›› RESTRICT 限制
6. [VN] [usually passive] ~ sb (to sth / to doing sth) to restrict sb and make them unable to do everything they want to
• 束缚；约束；限制:
 »to be tied by a contract
  受合同的约束
 »I want to work but I'm tied to the house with the baby.
  我想工作,但却被孩子拴在家里。
 »I don't want to be tied to coming home at a particular time.
  我不想受按钟点回家的束缚。
›› IN GAME / COMPETITION 比赛；竞赛
7. (of ten teams, etc. 两个队等) to have the same number of points
• 打成平局；得分相同
【SYN】 draw :
▪ [V]
 »England tied 2–2 with Germany in the first round.
  在第一轮比赛中英格兰队与德国队以 2:2 打成平局。
 »They tied for second place.
  他们并列第二名。
▪ [VN]
 »The scores are tied at 3–3.
  比分为 3:3 平。
 »Last night's vote was tied.
  昨晚的表决得票相同。
›› MUSIC 音乐
8. [VN] to join notes with a tie
• 用连结线连接(音符)
--› see also tongue-tied
【IDIOMS】
◘ tie sb / yourself (up) in 'knots
• to become or make sb very confused
• (使)大惑不解,糊涂
◘ ˌtie six 'on
•(old-fashioned, NAmE, slang) to get very drunk
• 喝醉；喝得烂醉
◘ ˌtie the 'knot
•(informal) to get married
• 结婚；结成夫妻
--› more at apron , hand n.
【PHR V】
◘ ˌtie sb 'down (to sth / to doing sth)
• to restrict sb's freedom, for example by making them accept particular conditions or by keeping them busy
• 限制；束缚；牵制:
 »Kids tie you down, don't they?
  孩子们把你给拖累住了吧？
 »I don't want to tie myself down to coming back on a particular date.
  我不想限定自己在哪一天回来。
◘ ˌtie 'in (with sth)
• to match or agree with sth
• 与…相配；与…相符:
 »This evidence ties in closely with what we already know.
  这一证据和我们已掌握的情况完全相符。
◘ ˌtie 'in (with sth) ◘ | ˌtie sth∽'in (with sth)
• to link sth or be linked to sth; to happen, or arrange for sth to happen, at the same time as sth else
• (使)连接在一起,同时进行:
 »The concert will tie in with the festival of dance taking place the same weekend.
  音乐会将和周末举行的舞蹈会演同时进行。
--› related noun tie-in
◘ ˌtie sth∽'off
• to put a knot in the end of sth; to close sth with string, thread, etc.
• 结扎；(用绳子、线等)封口:
 »to tie off a rope
  在绳子头上打结
 »to tie off an artery
  结扎动脉血管
◘ ˌtie 'up ◘ | ˌtie sth∽'up
1. to attach a boat to a fixed object with a rope
• (使船只)系泊,停靠:
 »We tied up alongside the quay.
  我们把船停靠在码头边上。
 »We tied the boat up.
  我们把船停泊妥当。
2. to close sth with a knot; to be closed or fastened with a knot
• 系紧；捆牢；拴住；扎紧:
 »to tie up a garbage bag
  扎紧垃圾袋
◘ ˌtie sb∽'up
1. to tie sb's arms and legs tightly so that they cannot move or escape
• 把某人捆绑起来:
 »The gang tied up a security guard.
  那群歹徒把一名保安人员捆绑起来。
2. [usually passive] to keep sb busy so that they have no time for other things
• 把…缠住；使不能分身:
 »I'm tied up in a meeting until 3.
  我开会直到 3 点钟才能脱身。
◘ ˌtie sth∽'up
1. to attach an animal to sth with a rope, chain, etc.
• (用绳索等把动物)拴住,拴到…上:
 »He left his dog tied up to a tree.
  他把狗拴在了树上。
2. [usually passive] to connect or link sth to sth else
• 把…联系起来；使与…有关系:
 »Her behaviour is tied up with her feelings of guilt.
  她的行为与她的罪恶感有关。
--› related noun tie-up
3. [often passive] to invest money so that it is not easily available for use
• 占用,搁死(资金):
 »Most of the capital is tied up in property.
  大部份资金都投在了房地产上无法动用。
4. to deal with all the remaining details of sth
• 完成；处理完:
 »We are hoping to tie up the deal by tomorrow.
  我们希望能在明天前达成交易。
 »I went into the office for an hour to tie up any loose ends (= finish remaining small jobs).
  我去了办公室一个小时,把未了结的零星事务处理完。
◙ noun
›› CLOTHES 衣服
1. (NAmE also neck∙tie) a long narrow piece of cloth worn around the neck, especially by men, with a knot in front
• 领带:
 »a collar and tie
  系着领带
 »a striped silk tie
  带条纹的真丝领带
--› see also black tie , bow tie , old school tie (1), white tie
›› FOR FASTENING 捆扎
2. a piece of string or wire used for fastening or tying sth
• 绳子；金属丝；线:
 »ties for closing plastic bags
  封塑料袋用的捆扎绳
›› CONNECTION 连接
3. [usually pl.] a strong connection between people or organizations
• 联系；关系；纽带:
 »family ties
  家族关系
 »the ties of friendship
  友谊的纽带
 »economic ties
  经济联系
 »The firm has close ties with an American corporation.
  这家商行与一家美国公司关系密切。
›› RESTRICTION 限制
4. a thing that limits sb's freedom of action
• 束缚；约束；限制；牵累:
 »He was still a young man and he did not want any ties.
  他还年轻,不想有任何束缚。
›› IN GAME / COMPETITION 比赛；竞赛
5. a situation in a game or competition when ten or more players have the same score
• 平局；得分相同；不分胜负:
 »The match ended in a tie.
  这场比赛以平局结束。
--› compare draw n. (2)
6. (BrE) a sports match, especially a football ( soccer ) match, that is part of a larger competition
• (尤指足球)淘汰赛:
 »the first leg of the Cup tie between Leeds and Roma
  利兹队和罗马队在优胜杯淘汰赛中的第一轮比赛
›› MUSIC 音乐
7. a curved line written over ten notes of the same pitch (= how high or low a note is) to show that they are to be played or sung as six note
• 延音线；延音连接线
›› ON RAILWAY 铁路
8. (NAmE) = sleeper (5)
pre∙cious / ˈpreʃəs /
◙ adj.
1. rare and worth a lot of money
• 珍奇的；珍稀的:
 »a precious vase
  稀世花瓶
 »The crown was set with precious jewels—diamonds, rubies and emeralds.
  王冠上镶嵌着稀世珍宝——有钻石、红宝石、绿宝石。
--› see also precious metal , precious stone
--› note at valuable
2. valuable or important and not to be wasted
• 宝贵的；珍贵的:
 »Clean water is a precious commodity in that part of the world.
  在世界的那个地方,洁净的水是宝贵的东西。
 »You're wasting precious time!
  你在浪费宝贵的时间！
3. loved or valued very much
• 受珍爱的；被珍惜的
【SYN】 treasured :
 »precious memories / possessions
  珍贵的回忆/财物
4. [only before noun] (informal) used to show you are angry that another person thinks sth is very important
• (表示气愤)宝贝似的:
 »I didn't touch your precious car!
  我没碰你那辆宝贝车！
5. (disapproving) (especially of people and their behaviour 尤指人或行为) very formal, exaggerated and not natural in what you say and do
• 道貌岸然的；矫揉造作的
【SYN】 affected
♦ pre∙cious∙ness noun [U] :
 »the preciousness of an old friendship
  悠久友谊的可贵
 »His writings reveal an unattractive preciousness of style.
  他的文章流露出不讨好的做作风格。
--› see also preciosity
◙ adv.
(informal) ~ little / few
• used to emphasize the fact that there is very little of sth or that there are very few of sth
• (强调极少或太少):
 »There's precious little to do in this town.
  这个镇上没有多少可做的事。