m4u3vir∙tual / ˈvə:tʃuəl; NAme ˈvə:rtʃ- / ◙ adj. [only before noun] 1. almost or very nearly the thing described, so that any slight difference is not important • 很接近的；几乎…的；事实上的；实际上的；实质上的: »The country was sliding into a state of virtual civil war. 这个国家实际上正逐渐进入内战状态。 »The company has a virtual monopoly in this area of trade. 这家公司实质上已经垄断了这种贸易。 »He married a virtual stranger. 他娶了一位几乎素不相识的女子。 2. made to appear to exist by the use of computer software, for example on the Internet • (通过计算机软件,如在互联网上)模拟的,虚拟的: »New technology has enabled development of an online 'virtual library'. 新技术已经使在线"虚拟图书馆"的发展成为可能。
real∙ity / riˈæləti / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) 1. [U] the true situation and the problems that actually exist in life, in contrast to how you would like life to be • 现实；实际情况: »She refuses to face reality. 她不肯面对现实。 »You're out of touch with reality. 你脱离了现实。 »The reality is that there is not enough money to pay for this project. 实际情况是没有足够的钱花在这个项目上。 2. [C] a thing that is actually experienced or seen, in contrast to what people might imagine • 事实；实际经历；见到的事物: »the harsh realities of life 严峻的生活现实 »This decision reflects the realities of the political situation. 这一决定反映了政治形势的真实情况。 »Will time travel ever become a reality ? 时光旅行真的会成为现实吗？
【IDIOMS】
◘ in re'ality • used to say that a situation is different from what has just been said or from what people believe • 实际上；事实上: »Outwardly she seemed confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous. 表面上看,她显得信心十足,而实际上她紧张得要命。 --› see alsovirtual realitypre∙sen∙ta∙tion / ˌpreznˈteiʃn; NAme ˌpri:zen- / ◙ noun 1. [U] the act of showing sth or of giving sth to sb • 提交；授予；颁发；出示: »The trial was adjourned following the presentation of new evidence to the court. 新证据呈到庭上后,审讯就宣告暂停。 »The presentation of prizes began after the speeches. 讲话结束后就开始颁奖了。 »The Mayor will make the presentation (= hand over the gift) herself. 市长将亲自颁发礼品。 »Members will be admitted on presentation of a membership card. 会员出示会员证便可入场。 2. [U] the way in which sth is offered, shown, explained, etc. to others • 提出(或展示、解释等)的方式: »Improving the product's presentation (= the way it is wrapped, advertised, etc.) should increase sales. 改进产品的装潢将会提高销售量。 »I admire the clear, logical presentation of her arguments. 我很欣赏她的论证,言辞清晰且有条理。 3. [C] a meeting at which sth, especially a new product or idea, or piece of work, is shown to a group of people • 展示会；介绍会；发布会: »The sales manager will give a presentation on the new products. 营销经理将举行一次新产品推介会。 4. [C] a ceremony or formal occasion during which a gift or prize is given • 颁奖仪式；赠送仪式 5. [C] a performance of a play, etc. in a theatre • (戏剧等的)上演,演出 6. [C, U] (medical 医) the position in which a baby is lying in the mother's body just before birth • (胎儿的)临产胎位,产式,先露位置
amaze / əˈmeiz / ◙ verb • to surprise sb very much • 使惊奇；使惊愕；使惊诧: ▪ [VN] »Just the size of the place amazed her. 仅仅地方之大就使她十分惊奇。 ▪ [VN wh-] »It never ceases to amaze me what some people will do for money. 有些人为了钱什么都会干得出来,这一直使我惊愕不已。 »What amazes me is how long she managed to hide it from us. 使我惊诧的是,她竟然能把这件事瞒了我们这么久。 ▪ [VN (that)] »It amazed her that he could be so calm at such a time. 在这个时候他还能如此冷静,真让她感到惊讶。 --› note atsurprise ▪ [also VN to inf]
pas∙sive / ˈpæsiv / ◙ adj. 1. accepting what happens or what people do without trying to change anything or oppose them • 消极的；被动的: »He played a passive role in the relationship. 他在他们的关系中处于被动地位。 »a passive observer of events 列席观察员 2. (grammar 语法) connected with the form of a verb used when the subject is affected by the action of the verb, for example He was bitten by a dog. is a passive sentence • (动词形式)被动语态的 --› compareactive adj. (6) ♦ pas∙sive∙ly adv.◙ noun • (also ˌpassive 'voice) əsing.] (grammar 语法) the form of a verb used when the subject is affected by the action of the verb • 动词被动形式；被动语态 --› compareactive n. user / ˈju:zə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a person or thing that uses sth • 使用者；用户: »road users 道路的使用者 »computer software users 电脑软件用户 »a user manual 使用说明书 --› see alsoend-user 2. (slang) a person who uses illegal drugs • 瘾君子；吸毒者
sight∙see∙ing / ˈsaitsi:iŋ / ◙ noun [U] • the activity of visiting interesting buildings and places as a tourist • 观光；游览: »to go sightseeing 去观光 »Did you have a chance to do any sightseeing ? 你有没有出去游览的机会？ »a sightseeing tour of the city 游览那座城市 ♦ sight∙see verb ▪ [V] (only used in the progressive tenses 仅用于进行时) ♦ sight∙seer noun 【SYN】tourist: »Oxford attracts large numbers of sightseers. 牛津吸引着大量观光客。
head∙set / ˈhedset / ◙ noun • a pair ofheadphones, especially one with amicrophoneattached to it • (尤指带麦克风的)头戴式受话器,耳机
net∙work / ˈnetwə:k; NAme -wə:rk / ◙ noun 1. a complicated system of roads, lines, tubes, nerves, etc. that cross each other and are connected to each other • 网络；网状系统: »a rail / road / canal network 铁路/公路/运河网 »a network of veins 脉络 2. a closely connected group of people, companies, etc. that exchange information, etc. • 关系网；人际网；相互关系(或配合)的系统: »a communications / distribution network 通信/销售网 »a network of friends 朋友网 3. (computing 计) a number of computers and other devices that are connected together so that equipment and information can be shared • (互联)网络, 网路: »The office network allows users to share files and software, and to use a central printer. 办公室网络让用户共享文件和软件,并使用中央打印机。 --› see alsoLAN,WAN 4. a group of radio or television stations in different places that are connected and that broadcast the same programmes at the same time • 广播网；电视网: »the four big US television networks 美国四大电视网
【IDIOMS】
--› seeold boy◙ verb 1. [VN] (computing 计) to connect a number of computers and other devices together so that equipment and information can be shared • 将…连接成网络 2. [VN] to broadcast a television or radio programme on stations in several different areas at the same time • 联播 3. [V] to try to meet and talk to people who may be useful to you in your work • 建立工作关系: »Conferences are a good place to network. 各种会议是建立联系的好地方。
stu∙dio / ˈstju:diəu; NAme ˈstu:diou / ◙ noun (pl. -os) 1. a room where radio or television programmes are recorded and broadcast from, or where music is recorded • (广播、电视的)录音室,录像室,演播室,制作室；(音乐)录音棚: »a television studio 电视演播室 »a studio audience (= one in a studio, that can be seen or heard as a programme is broadcast) 演播室现场的观(听)众 »a recording studio 录音棚 2. a place where films / movies are made or produced • 电影摄影棚 3. a company that makes films / movies • 电影公司；电影制片厂: »She works for a major Hollywood studio. 她为好莱坞一家大电影公司工作。 »a studio executive 电影公司经理 4. a room where an artist works • (艺术家的)工作室: »a sculptor's studio 雕塑家的工作室 5. a place where dancing is taught or where dancers practise • (舞蹈)练功房: »a dance studio 舞蹈练功房 6. (BrE also 'studio flat) (NAmE also 'studio apartment) a small flat / apartment with one main room for living and sleeping in and usually a kitchen and bathroom • 单间公寓(一个房间兼做起居室和卧室,通常带厨房和衞生间)
so∙cial / ˈsəuʃl; NAme ˈsouʃl / ◙ adj. ›› CONNECTED WITH SOCIETY 社会 1. [only before noun] connected with society and the way it is organized • 社会的: »social issues / problems / reforms 社会话题/问题/改革 »a call for social and economic change 进行社会和经济变革的要求 2. [only before noun] connected with your position in society • 社会上的；社会地位的: »social class / background 社会阶层/背景 »social advancement (= improving your position in society) 社会地位的提高 ›› ACTIVITIES WITH OTHERS 社交活动 3. [only before noun] connected with activities in which people meet each other for pleasure • 社交的；交际的；联谊的: »a busy social life 繁忙的社交生活 »Team sports help to develop a child's social skills (= the ability to talk easily to other people and do things in a group). 集体体育运动有助于培养孩子的交际能力。 »Social events and training days are arranged for all the staff. 所有员工都获安排联谊活动和培训。 »Join a social club to make new friends. 加入一个社交俱乐部,好交一些新朋友。 ›› ANIMALS 动物 4. [only before noun] (technical 术语) living naturally in groups, rather than alone • 群居的 ›› FRIENDLY 友好 5. =sociable ♦ so∙cial∙ly / -ʃəli / adv.: »The reforms will bring benefits, socially and politically. 这些改革措施在社会领域和政治领域均会带来益处。 »This type of behaviour is no longer socially acceptable. 这种行为已不为社会所认可。 »a socially disadvantaged family (= six that is poor and from a low social class) 社会地位低下的家庭 »We meet at work, but never socially. 我们上班常见面,但在社交场合从未碰见过。 »Carnivores are usually socially complex mammals. 在哺乳动物中,食肉动物通常有着复杂的社会关系。 ◙ noun 1. [C] (old-fashioned) a party that is organized by a group or club • 联谊会；联欢会 2. the social [U] (BrE, informal) =social security(1) : »We're living on the social now. 我们现在靠社会保障金维持生活。
◙ noun • a person from Brazil • 巴西人
win∙ning / ˈwiniŋ / ◙ adj. 1. [only before noun] that wins or has won sth, for example a race or competition • 获胜的；赢的: »the winning horse 获胜的马 »the winning goal 制胜的一记入球 2. [usually before noun] attractive in a way that makes other people like you • 吸引人的；动人的；迷人的；可爱的: »a winning smile 动人的微笑 .
【IDIOMS】
--› seecardn
con∙fi∙dent / ˈkɔnfidənt; NAmE ˈkɑ:n- / ◙ adj. 1. feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful • 自信的；有自信心的: »She was in a relaxed, confident mood. 她的心态从容而自信。 »The teacher wants the children to feel confident about asking questions when they don't understand. 教师要孩子们遇到不懂的问题就大胆提问。 --› see alsoself-confident 2. ~ of sth | ~ that... feeling certain that sth will happen in the way that you want or expect • 肯定的；确信的；有把握的: »I'm confident that you will get the job. 我肯定你能得到那份工作。 »The team feels confident of winning. 这个队觉得有把握取胜。 --› note atsure ♦ con∙fi∙dent∙ly adv.dis∙ap∙point∙ed / ˌdisəˈpɔintid / ◙ adj. • ~ (at / by sth) | ~ (in / with sb / sth) ~ (to see, hear, etc.) ~ (that...) | ~ (not) to be... upset because sth you hoped for has not happened or been as good, successful, etc. as you expected • 失望的；沮丧的；失意的: »They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game. 他们对比赛结果极为失望。 »I was disappointed by the quality of the wine. 这酒的质量令我失望。 »I'm disappointed in you—I really thought I could trust you! 你真让我失望——我原以为可以相信你的！ »I was very disappointed with myself. 我对自己感到非常失望。 »He was disappointed to see she wasn't at the party. 看到她没来参加晚会,他感到很失望。 »I'm disappointed (that) it was sold out. 全都卖完了,我感到很失望。 »She was disappointed not to be chosen. 她没有被选中感到很沮丧。
dis∙abled / disˈeibld / ◙ adj. 1. unable to use a part of your body completely or easily because of a physical condition, illness, injury, etc.; unable to learn easily • 丧失能力的；有残疾的；无能力的: »physically / mentally disabled 有生理残疾的；有心理缺陷的 »severely disabled 严重伤残 »He was born disabled. 他天生残疾。 »facilities for disabled people 残疾人使用的设施 2. the disabled noun [pl.] people who are disabled • 残疾人；伤残者: »caring for the sick, elderly and disabled 关心老弱病残
con∙veni∙ence / kənˈvi:niəns / ◙ noun 1. [U] the quality of being useful, easy or suitable for sb • 方便；适宜；便利: »We have provided seats for the convenience of our customers. 为方便顾客我们备有座位。 »For (the sake of) convenience, the two groups have been treated as one in this report. 为方便起见,这两个组在本报告中被视为一组。 »In this resort you can enjoy all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism. 在这个度假胜地你可享受所有现代旅游的舒适与便利。 --› compareinconvenience --› see alsoflag of convenience,marriage of convenience 2. [C] something that is useful and can make things easier or quicker to do, or more comfortable • 便利的事物(或设施)；方便的用具: »It was a great convenience to have the school so near. 学校这么近真是太方便了。 »The house had all the modern conveniences (= central heating, etc.) that were unusual at that time. 这座房子拥有在当时并不常见的所有现代化设施。 --› see alsopublic convenience
【IDIOMS】
◘ at sb's con'venience •(formal) at a time or a place which is suitable for sb • 在方便时；在适宜的地点: »Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting? 你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话,安排见一次面？ --› more atearlyadj.
se∙cure / siˈkjuə(r); NAme səˈkjur / ◙ adj. ›› HAPPY / CONFIDENT 满足；自信 1. feeling happy and confident about yourself or a particular situation • 安心的；有把握的: »At last they were able to feel secure about the future. 他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧了。 »She finished the match, secure in the knowledge that she was through to the next round. 她打完比赛,知道自己已进入下一轮,心里踏实了。 【OPP】insecure ›› CERTAIN / SAFE 可靠；保险 2. likely to continue or be successful for a long time • 可靠的；牢靠的；稳固的 【SYN】safe: »a secure job / income 稳定的工作/收入 »It's not a very secure way to make a living. 以此谋生终非长久之计。 »The future of the company looks secure. 看来公司未来不会有问题。 【OPP】insecure 3. ~ (against / from sth) that cannot be affected or harmed by sth • 安全的；稳妥的: »Information must be stored so that it is secure from accidental deletion. 必须把资料保存起来,这样才不至于无意中删除。 ›› BUILDING / DOOR / ROOM 建筑物；门；房间 4. guarded and / or made stronger so that it is difficult for people to enter or leave • 严密把守的；牢固的；坚固的: »Check that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible. 看看是不是所有的门窗都关紧了。 »a secure unit for child offenders 少年犯拘留病房 【OPP】insecure ›› FIRM 牢固 5. not likely to move, fall down, etc. • 牢固的；稳固的；坚固的 【SYN】stable: »The aerial doesn't look very secure to me. 我看这天线不太牢固。 »It was difficult to maintain a secure foothold on the ice. 在冰上不容易站稳脚。 »(figurative) Our relationship was now on a more secure footing. 现在,我们的关系有一个更为稳固的基础了。 【OPP】insecure ♦ se∙cure∙ly adv.: »She locked the door securely behind her. 她随手把门锁好。 »Make sure the ropes are securely fastened. 务必把绳子拴牢。 ◙ verb ›› GET STH 得到 1. ~ sth (for sb / sth) | ~ sb sth (formal) to obtain or achieve sth, especially when this means using a lot of effort • (尤指经过努力)获得,取得,实现: ▪ [VN] »to secure a contract / deal 订立合同；达成协议 »The team managed to secure a place in the finals. 球队拚得了决赛的一席之地。 »She secured 2 000 votes. 她获得 2 000 票。 ▪ [VN VNN] »He secured a place for himself at law school. 他在法学院取得了学籍。 »He secured himself a place at law school. 他取得了法学院的学籍。 ›› FASTEN FIRMLY 牢靠地固定 2. [VN] ~ sth (to sth) to attach or fasten sth firmly • 拴牢；扣紧；关严: »She secured the rope firmly to the back of the car. 她把绳子牢牢地拴在车后面。 ›› PROTECT FROM HARM 使不受危害 3. [VN] ~ sth (against sth) to protect sth so that it is safe and difficult to attack or damage • 保护；保衞；使安全: »to secure a property against intruders 保护房产以免外人闯入 »The windows were secured with locks and bars. 窗户已经插上栓,上了锁,都关好了。 »(figurative) a savings plan that will secure your child's future 确保你孩子的前途的储蓄计划 ›› A LOAN 借贷 4. [VN] to legally agree to give sb property or goods that are worth the same amount as the money that you have borrowed from them, if you are unable to pay the money back • 抵押: »a loan secured on the house 以房子作抵押的贷款
fire∙fight∙er / ˈfaiəfaitə(r); NAmE ˈfaiərf- / ◙ noun • a person whose job is to put out fires • 消防队员 --› see alsofireman ♦ fire∙fight∙ing noun [U] : »firefighting equipment / vehicles 消防设备/车辆
in∙jure / ˈindʒə(r) / ◙ verb [VN] 1. to harm yourself or sb else physically, especially in an accident • (尤指在事故中)伤害,使受伤: »He injured his knee playing hockey. 他打曲棍球时膝盖受伤。 »Three people were killed and nine injured in the crash. 撞车事故中有三人死亡,五人受伤。 2. to damage sb's reputation, pride, etc. • 损害,伤害(名誉、自尊等): »This could seriously injure the company's reputation. 这会严重损害公司的声誉。
biol∙ogy / baiˈɔlədʒi; NAmE -ˈɑ:l- / ◙ noun [U] 1. the scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animals • 生物学: »a degree in biology 生物学学位 --› comparebotany,zoology 2. the way in which the body and cells of a living thing behave • 生理: »How far is human nature determined by biology? 人性在多大程度上是由其生理因素决定的？ »the biology of marine animals 海洋动物的生理习性
whale / weil / ◙ noun • a very large animal that lives in the sea and looks like a very large fish. There are several types of whale, some of which are hunted. • 鲸: »whale meat 鲸肉 --› see alsoblue whale,killer whale,pilot whale,sperm whale
【IDIOMS】
◘ have a 'whale of a time •(informal) to enjoy yourself very much; to have a very good time • 玩得很痛快；过得非常快活
squir∙rel / ˈskwirəl; NAme ˈskwə:rəl / ◙ noun • a small animal with a long thick tail and red, grey or black fur. Squirrels eat nuts and live in trees. • 松鼠 --› see alsoground squirrel◙ verb (-ll-,NAmE -l-)
【PHR V】
◘ ˌsquirrel sth∽a'way • to hide or store sth so that it can be used later • 储藏；贮存: »She had money squirrelled away in various bank accounts. 她把钱储存在几个不同的银行账户上。 urban / ˈə:bən; NAme ˈə:rbən / ◙ adj. [usually before noun] • connected with a town or city • 城市的；都市的；城镇的: »damage to both urban and rural environments 对城乡环境的破坏 »urban areas 城镇地区 »urban life 城市生活 »urban development (= the process of building towns and cities or making them larger) 城市发展 »urban renewal / regeneration (= the process of improving the buildings, etc. in the poor parts of a town or city) 城市环境更新 »efforts to control urban sprawl (= the spread of city buildings into the countryside) 控制城市向乡村延伸的努力 --› compareruralplan∙ning / ˈplæniŋ / ◙ noun [U] 1. the act or process of making plans for sth • 计划制订；规划过程: »financial planning 财政计划 --› see alsofamily planning 2. =town planningneigh∙bour∙hood (BrE) (NAmEneigh∙bor∙hood) / ˈneibəhud; NAme ˈneibər- / ◙ noun 1. a district or an area of a town; the people who live there • 街区；城区；(统称)某街区(或城区)的居民: »We grew up in the same neighbourhood. 我们是在同一条街上长大的。 »a poor / quiet / residential neighbourhood 贫困的街区；安静的城区；居民区 »Manhattan is divided into distinct neighborhoods. 曼哈顿分为几个区,风格各异。 »the neighbourhood police 社区警察 »He shouted so loudly that the whole neighbourhood could hear him. 他叫得那么大声,整条街的人都能听到。 2. the area that you are in or the area near a particular place • 所在地；邻近的地方 【SYN】vicinity: »We searched the surrounding neighbourhood for the missing boy. 我们在附近寻找失踪的男孩儿。 »Houses in the neighbourhood of Paris are extremely expensive. 巴黎附近一带的住房极其昂贵。
【IDIOMS】
◘ in the neighbourhood of (of a number or an amount 数量) • approximately; not exactly • 大约；上下: »It cost in the neighbourhood of $500. 这大约花费了 500 元。
op∙er∙ator / ˈɔpəreitə(r); NAme ˈɑ:p- / ◙ noun 1. (often in compounds 常构成复合词) a person who operates equipment or a machine • 操作人员；技工: »a computer / machine operator 电脑/机器操作员 2. (BrE also tel∙eph∙on∙ist) a person who works on the telephoneswitchboardof a large company or organization, especially at atelephone exchange • 电话员；接线员 3. (often in compounds 常构成复合词) a person or company that runs a particular business • (某企业的)经营者,专业公司: »a tour operator 经营旅游业者 »a bus operator 公共汽车公司 4. (informal, especially disapproving) a person who is skilful at getting what they want, especially when this involves behaving in a dishonest way • 投机取巧者；善于钻营的人；骗子: »a smooth / slick / shrewd operator 一个八面玲珑/油嘴滑舌/工于心计的取巧者 5. (mathematics 数) a symbol or function which represents an operation in mathematics • 算子
dis∙ad∙van∙tage / ˌdisədˈvɑ:ntidʒ; NAmE -ˈvæn- / ◙ noun [C, U] • ~ (of sth) | ~ (to sth) something that causes problems and tends to stop sb / sth from succeeding or making progress • 不利因素；障碍；不便之处: »a serious / severe / considerable disadvantage 重大的/严重的不利条件 »One major disadvantage of the area is the lack of public transport. 这个地区的一大不便之处就是缺少公共交通工具。 »There are disadvantages to the plan. 这个计划有诸多不利因素。 »What's the main disadvantage ? 主要的不利条件是什么？ »I was at a disadvantage compared to the younger members of the team. 与队里较年轻的队员相比,我处于不利地位。 »The fact that he didn't speak a foreign language put him at a distinct disadvantage. 他不会说外语使他处于明显的不利地位。 »I hope my lack of experience won't be to my disadvantage. 但愿我的经验不足不会使我吃亏。 »The advantages of the scheme far outweighed the disadvantages. 这个计划的优点远远超过了缺点。 »Many children in the class suffered severe social and economic disadvantage. 班上许多孩子都来自社会地位低下经济困难的家庭。 【OPP】advantage ♦ dis∙ad∙van∙tage verb ▪ [VN] elec∙tric / iˈlektrik / ◙ adj. 1. [usually before noun] connected with electricity; using, produced by or producing electricity • 电的；用电的；电动的；发电的: »an electric motor 电动机 »an electric light / guitar, etc. 电灯、电吉他等 »an electric current / charge 电流/荷 »an electric generator 发电机 »an electric plug / socket / switch (= that carries electricity) 电源插头/插座/开关 --› see alsoelectric shock,electrical storm 2. full of excitement; making people excited • 充满刺激的；令人激动的 【SYN】electrifying: »The atmosphere was electric. 气氛很热烈。 ◙ noun [U] (informal) • used to refer to the supply of electricity to a building • 供电: »The electric will be off tomorrow. 明天停电。 »I've paid the electric (= the bill for the supply of electricity). 我已经付电费了。 (COLLOC)">
ˌbuilt-'in (also less frequent ˌin-'built) ◙ adj. [only before noun] • included as part of sth and not separate from it • 是…的组成部份的；嵌入式的；内置的: »built-in cupboards 壁橱 --› compareinbuiltclay / klei / ◙ noun [U] • a type of heavy, sticky earth that becomes hard when it is baked and is used to make things such as pots and bricks • 黏土；陶土 --› note atsoil
【IDIOMS】
--› seefootn.
li∙quid / ˈlikwid / ◙ noun [U, C] • a substance that flows freely and is not a solid or a gas, for example water or oil • 液体: »She poured the dark brown liquid down the sink. 她把深棕色的液体倒进了污水池。 »the transition from liquid to vapour 从液体到蒸汽的转化 --› see alsowashing-up liquid◙ adj. 1. in the form of a liquid; not a solid or a gas • 液体的；液态的: »liquid soap 肥皂液 »liquid nitrogen 液态氮 »The detergent comes in powder or liquid form. 这种洗涤剂有粉状或液态两种选择。 »a bar selling snacks and liquid refreshment (= drinks) 售卖小吃和饮料的柜枱 2. (finance 财) that can easily be changed into cash • 易变为现金的: »liquid assets 流动资产 3. (literary) clear, like water • 清澈的；明亮的；晶莹的 【SYN】limpid: »liquid blue eyes 晶莹的蓝眼睛 4. (literary) (of sounds 声音) clear, pure and flowing • 清脆的；清纯的；流畅的: »the liquid song of a blackbird 乌鸫清脆的叫声
pow∙der / ˈpaudə(r) / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] a dry mass of very small fine pieces or grains • 粉末；细麪: »chilli powder 辣椒粉 »lumps of chalk crushed to (a) fine white powder 白垩块被碾成白色细粉 »The snow was like powder. 雪像粉末一样。 »A wide range of cleaning fluids and powders is available. 有各种各样的清洗液和去污粉供应。 »The mustard is sold in powder form. 芥末是以粉末状出售的。 --› see alsobaking powder,curry powder,soap powder,talcum powder,washing powder 2. [U] a very fine, soft, dry substance that you can put on your face to make it look smooth and dry • 扑面粉；美容粉 3. [U] =gunpowder
【IDIOMS】
◘ keep your 'powder dry •(old-fashioned) to remain ready for a possible emergency • 时刻准备应急；枕戈待旦；有备无患 ◘ take a 'powder (NAmE, informal) • to leave suddenly; to run away • 突然离开；跑掉；溜掉◙ verb [VN] • to put powder on sth • 傅粉；抹粉: »She powdered her face and put on her lipstick. 她往脸上搽了粉,又涂上了口红。 ◘ powder your 'nose •(old-fashioned) a polite way of referring to the fact that a woman is going to the toilet / bathroom • (女士如厕的委婉说法)补妆,净手: »I'm just going to powder my nose. 我想去补补妆。
pro∙gram∙ming / ˈprəuɡræmiŋ; NAme ˈprou- / ◙ noun [U] 1. the process of writing and testing programs for computers • (计算机)程序设计,程序编制,编程, 程式设计: »a high-level programming language 高级编程语言 2. the planning of which television or radio programmes to broadcast • (广播、电视节目的)编排,选编: »politically balanced programming 政治上均衡报道的节目编选
ac∙cuse / əˈkju:z / ◙ verb [VN] • ~ sb (of sth) to say that sb has done sth wrong or is guilty of sth • 控告；控诉；谴责: »to accuse sb of murder / theft 控告某人谋杀/盗窃 »She accused him of lying. 她指责他说谎。 »The government was accused of incompetence. 政府被指责无能。 »(formal) They stand accused of crimes against humanity. 他们被控违反人道罪。 ♦ ac∙cuser noun
pir∙acy / ˈpairəsi / ◙ noun [U] 1. the crime of attacking ships at sea in order to steal from them • 海上抢劫 2. the act of making illegal copies of video tapes, computer programs, books, etc., in order to sell them • 盗版行为；非法复制: »software piracy 软件盗版行为 --› see alsopiratefade / feid / ◙ verb 1. to become or to make sth become paler or less bright • (使)变淡,变暗: ▪ [V] »All colour had faded from the sky. 天上的颜色都褪去了。 »The curtains had faded in the sun. 窗帘已经给晒褪了色。 ▪ [VN] »The sun had faded the curtains. 太阳把窗帘晒褪了色。 »He was wearing faded blue jeans. 他穿着褪色的蓝牛仔裤。 2. [V] ~ (away) to disappear gradually • 逐渐消逝；逐渐消失: »Her smile faded. 她的笑容逐渐消失。 »Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be fading away. 达成协议的希望看来已逐渐渺茫。 »His voice faded to a whisper (= gradually became quieter). 他的声音越来越小,变成了耳语。 »The laughter faded away. 笑声逐渐消逝。 »All other issues fade into insignificance compared with the struggle for survival. 与挣扎求存相比,所有其他问题都显得不重要了。 3. if a sports player, team, actor, etc. fades, they stop playing or performing as well as they did before • (运动员、运动队、演员等)走下坡路,衰退,衰落: »Black faded on the final bend. 布莱克在最后一个弯道处速度慢了下来。
◘ ˌfade a'way (of a person 人) • to become very weak or ill / sick and die • 衰弱；病重死亡: »In the last weeks of her life she simply faded away. 她在生命的最后几个星期已是草枯灯油尽了。 ◘ ˌfade 'in / 'out • to become clearer or louder / less clear or quieter • (画面)淡入/淡出,渐显/渐隐；(声音)渐强/渐弱: »George saw the monitor black out and then a few words faded in. 乔治看见屏幕变暗,接着出现了几个字。 ◘ ˌfade sth 'in / 'out • to make a picture or a sound clearer or louder / less clear or quieter • 使(画面)淡入/淡出；使渐显/渐隐；使(声音)渐强/渐弱: »Fade out the music at the end of the scene. 在这个场景的末尾把音乐减弱。 edi∙tor / ˈeditə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a person who is in charge of a newspaper, magazine, etc., or part of one, and who decides what should be included • (报刊、杂志的)主编,编辑: »the editor of the Washington Post 《华盛顿邮报》的主编 »the sports / financial / fashion, etc. editor 体育、财经、时尚等编辑 2. a person who prepares a book to be published, for example by checking and correcting the text, making improvements, etc. • (书籍的)编辑,校订者,审校者 --› see alsocopy editor,subeditor 3. a person who prepares a film / movie, radio or television programme for being shown or broadcast by deciding what to include, and what order it should be in • (影片、广播电视节目的)剪辑员,剪接师 4. a person who works as a journalist for radio or television reporting on a particular area of news • (广播电视节目的)记者,编辑: »our economics editor 我台经济节目的记者 5. a person who chooses texts written by six or by several writers and prepares them to be published in a book • (书籍的)编者: »She's the editor of a new collection of ghost stories. 她编了一部新版鬼故事集。 6. (computing 计) a program that allows you to change stored text or data • 编辑程序 ♦ edit∙or∙ship noun [U] : »the editorship of 'The Times' 《泰晤士报》的编辑工作
con∙stant / ˈkɔnstənt; NAmE ˈkɑ:n- / ◙ adj. 1. [usually before noun] happening all the time or repeatedly • 连续发生的；不断的；重复的: »constant interruptions 无休止的干扰 »a constant stream of visitors all day 整天络绎不绝的游客 »Babies need constant attention. 婴儿一刻也离不开人。 »This entrance is in constant use. 此入口经常使用。 2. that does not change 【SYN】fixed • 不变的；固定的；恒定的: »travelling at a constant speed of 50 m.p.h. 以每小时 50 英里的恒定速度行驶 ◙ noun • (technical 术语) a number or quantity that does not vary • 常数；常量 【OPP】variablemodem / ˈməudem; NAme ˈmou- / ◙ noun • a device that connects one computer system to another using a telephone line so that data can be sent • 调制解调器
moni∙tor / ˈmɔnitə(r); NAme ˈmɑ:n- / ◙ noun 1. a television screen used to show particular kinds of information; a screen that shows information from a computer • 显示屏；监视器；(计算机)显示器: »The details of today's flights are displayed on the monitor. 今天航班的详细情况都列在显示屏上。 »a PC with a 17-inch colour monitor 带 17 英寸彩色显示器的个人电脑 --› see alsoVDU 2. a piece of equipment used to check or record sth • 监控器；监测器: »a heart monitor 心脏监测器 3. a student in a school who performs special duties, such as helping the teacher • 班长；级长；班代表 4. a person whose job is to check that sth is done fairly and honestly, especially in a foreign country • (尤指派往国外的)监督员,核查员: »UN monitors declared the referendum fair. 联合国核查员宣布这次全民投票是公正的。 5. a large tropicallizard(= a type ofreptile) • 巨蜥◙ verb 1. to watch and check sth over a period of time in order to see how it develops, so that you can make any necessary changes • 监视；检查；跟踪调查 【SYN】track: ▪ [VN] »Each student's progress is closely monitored. 每一位同学的学习情况都受到密切的关注。 ▪ [also V wh-] 2. [VN] to listen to telephone calls, foreign radio broadcasts, etc. in order to find out information that might be useful • 监听(电话、外国无线电广播等)
func∙tion / ˈfʌŋkʃn / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] a special activity or purpose of a person or thing • 作用；功能；职能；机能: »to fulfil / perform a function 发挥功能 »bodily functions (= for example eating, sex, using the toilet) 身体功能 »The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body. 心脏的功能就是把血液输往全身。 »This design aims for harmony of form and function. 这个设计旨在使形式和功能协调一致。 2. [C] a social event or official ceremony • 社交聚会；典礼；宴会: »The hall provided a venue for weddings and other functions. 大厅给婚礼和其他社会活动提供了场所。 3. [C] (mathematics 数) a quantity whose value depends on the varying values of others. In the statement 2x=y, y is a function of x. • 函数 »(figurative) Salary is a function of age and experience. 工资视乎年龄和经验而定。 4. [C] (computing 计) a part of a program, etc. that performs a basic operation • 子程序；例程◙ verb [often +adv. / prep.] • to work in the correct way • 起作用；正常工作；运转 【SYN】operate: »Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally. 尽管供电中断,医院继续照常运作。 »We now have a functioning shower. 现在我们有一个功能正常的淋浴器。 »Many children can't function effectively in large classes. 许多孩子在大伙儿上课时学习效果不好。
【PHR V】
◘ 'function as sb / sth • to perform the action or the job of the thing or person mentioned • 起…作用；具有…功能: »The sofa also functions as a bed. 这沙发还可当牀用。
PC / ˌpi: ˈsi: / ◙ abbr. 1. the abbreviation for 'personal computer' (a small computer that is designed for one person to use at work or at home) • 个人电脑；个人计算机 2. (BrE) the abbreviation for 'Police Constable' (a police officer of the lowest rank) • 警察；警员: »PC Tom March 警员汤姆 · 马什 --› see alsoWPC 3. the abbreviation forpolitically correct • 政治上正确的
print∙er / ˈprintə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a machine for printing text on paper, especially one connected to a computer • 打印机, 印表机 (尤指与计算机相连的): »a colour / laser printer 彩色/激光打印机 2. a person or a company whose job is printing books, etc. • 印刷商；印刷工人；印刷公司 3. printer's (pl. printers) a place where books, etc. are printed • 印刷厂
but∙ton / ˈbʌtn / ◙ noun 1. a small round piece of metal, plastic, etc. that is sewn onto a piece of clothing and used for fastening ten parts together • 钮扣；扣子: »(BrE) to do up / undo your buttons 系上/解开扣子 »(NAmE) to button / unbutton your buttons 系上/解开扣子 »to sew on a button 缝上扣子 »shirt buttons 衬衫的钮扣 2. a small part of a machine that you press to make it work • (机器的)按钮: »the play / stop / rewind button 播放/停止/倒带键 »Adam pressed a button and waited for the lift. 亚当按了一个按钮,然后等着乘坐电梯。 »Choose 'printer' from the menu and click with the right mouse button. 从选单上选取"打印机",然后点击鼠标右键。 »The windows slide down at the touch of a button. 按一下开关,窗户便落下来。 --› see alsopush-button 3. (especially NAmE) abadge, especially six with a message printed on it • (尤指印有信息的)徽章 --› see alsobelly button
【IDIOMS】
◘ on the 'button (informal, especially NAmE) 1. at exactly the right time or at the exact time mentioned • 准时；正好: »We arrived at 4 o'clock on the button. 我们在 4 点钟准时到达。 2. exactly right • 精确；准确；确切: »You're on the button there! 那让你说准了！ ◘ ˌpush all the (right) 'buttons (also ˌpress all the (right) 'buttons especially in BrE) (informal) • to do exactly the right things to please sb • 做得面面俱到以讨好人: »a new satirical comedy show that pushes all the right buttons 一出新的极尽搞笑之能事的讽刺喜剧 ◘ ˌpush sb's 'buttons (also ˌpress sb's 'buttons especially in BrE) (informal) • to make sb react in either a positive or a negative way • 使有所反应(无论是积极或消极的): »I've known him for years, but I still don't know what pushes his buttons. 我已认识他多年,可还是摸不透他的脾气。 --› more atbrightadj. ◙ verb 1. [VN] ~ sth (up) to fasten sth with buttons • 扣…的钮扣: »She hurriedly buttoned (up) her blouse. 她急忙扣好衬衫。 2. [V] ~ (up) to be fastened with buttons • 用钮扣扣上: ▪ [V] »The dress buttons (up) at the back. 这件连衣裙是从后背系扣的。 ◘ 'button it! • (BrE, informal) used to tell sb rudely to be quiet • 闭嘴；住口
chief / tʃi:f / ◙ adj. [only before noun] 1. most important • 最重要的；首要的；主要的: »the chief cause / problem / reason 主要原因/问题/理由 »one of the President's chief rivals 总统的主要政敌之一 --› note atmain 2. (often Chief) highest in rank • 最高级别的；为首的；首席的: »the Chief Education Officer 首席教育官 »the chief financial officer of the company 公司的首席财务官 »Detective Chief Inspector Williams 探长威廉斯 3. -in-'chief (in nouns 构成名词) of the highest rank • 最高级别的；为首的: »commander-in-chief 总司令 --› see alsochiefly◙ noun 1. a person with a high rank or the highest rank in a company or an organization • (公司或机构的)首领,头目,最高领导人: »army / industry / police chiefs 部队首长；行业巨擘；警察局长 2. (often as a title 常用作头衔) a leader or ruler of a people or community • 首领；酋长；族长: »Chief Buthelezi 布特莱齐酋长 »Chief Crazy Horse "疯马"酋长
【IDIOMS】
◘ too many ˌchiefs and not enough 'ɪndians • (BrE, informal) used to describe a situation in which there are too many people telling other people what to do, and not enough people to do the work • 将多兵少；官多兵少im∙port∙ance / imˈpɔ:tns; NAme -ˈpɔ:rt- / ◙ noun [U] • the quality of being important • 重要性；重要；重大: »She stressed the importance of careful preparation. 她强调了认真准备的重要性。 »It's a matter of the greatest importance to me. 这对我来说是最重要的事情。 »They attach great importance to the project. 他们高度重视这个项目。 »the relative importance of the ten ideas 这两种想法的相对重要性 »State your reasons in order of importance. 按重要性顺序陈述你的理由。 »He was very aware of his own importance (= of his status). 他十分清楚自己的重要地位。
pack / pæk / ◙ verb ›› PUT INTO CONTAINER 装入容器 1. to put clothes, etc. into a bag in preparation for a trip away from home • 收拾(行李)；装(箱): ▪ [V] »I haven't packed yet. 我还没收拾行李呢。 ▪ [VN] »I haven't packed my suitcase yet. 我的行李箱还没收拾好呢。 »He packed a bag with a few things and was off. 他装了几件衣物就走了。 »He packed a few things into a bag. 他装了几件衣物。 »Did you pack the camera? 你装进照相机了吗？ ▪ [VNN] »I've packed you some food for the journey. 我给你打点了些路上吃的食物。 2. [VN] ~ sth (up) (in / into sth) to put sth into a container so that it can be stored, transported or sold • 包装；包裹: »The pottery was packed in boxes and shipped to the US. 陶器已装箱运往美国。 »I carefully packed up the gifts. 我小心翼翼地把礼品包好。 【OPP】unpack ›› PROTECT 保护 3. [VN] ~ sth (in / with sth) to protect sth that breaks easily by surrounding it with soft material • (在四周填入软料以)包装(易损物品): »The paintings were carefully packed in newspaper. 这些画被仔细地用报纸裹了起来。 ›› PRESERVE FOOD 保存食品 4. [VN] ~ sth (in sth) to preserve food in a particular substance • (用某物)保存,保藏: »fish packed in ice 用冰块保存的鲜鱼 ›› FILL 填入 5. to fill sth with a lot of people or things • 塞进；挤进 ▪ [V +adv. / prep.] »We all packed together into one car. 我们大家挤进一辆汽车里。 ▪ [VN] »Fans packed the hall to see the band. 乐迷为了一睹乐队丰采,把大厅挤得水泄不通。 --› see alsopacked(1),packed out ›› SNOW / SOIL 雪；土壤 6. [VN] ~ sth (down) to press sth such as snow or soil to form a thick hard mass • 堆积；压实: »Pack the earth down around the plant. 把植物周围的土堆压实。 »a patch of packed snow 一片压实的雪地 ›› CARRY GUN 携枪 7. (NAmE, informal) to carry a gun • 佩带,携带(枪支): ▪ [VN] »to pack a gun 佩带枪支 ▪ [V] »Is he packing? 他带枪吗？ ›› STORM 暴风雨 8. [VN] to have sth • 夹带着: »A storm packing 75 mph winds swept across the area last night. 昨晚暴风雨夹带着每小时 75 英里的狂风横扫本地。
【IDIOMS】
◘ pack a (powerful, real, etc.) 'punch (informal) 1. (of aboxer 拳击手) to be capable of hitting sb very hard • 能重拳出击；能重击 2. to have a powerful effect on sb • 产生巨大影响；十分有效力: »The advertising campaign packs quite a punch. 这次广告造势产生了相当大的影响。 ◘ pack your 'bags •(informal) to leave a person or place permanently, especially after a disagreement • (尤指产生分歧后)永远离开 --› more atsend
【PHR V】
◘ ˌpack a'way • to be capable of being folded up small when it is not being used • 能摺叠(以缩小体积): »The tent packs away in a small bag. 帐篷可以摺叠装进小袋子里。 ◘ ˌpack sth∽a'way • to put sth in a box, etc. when you have finished using it • (用后)收拾好: »We packed away the summer clothes. 我们把夏装收藏起来了。 ◘ ˌpack sb∽'in əno passive] (of plays, performers, etc. 戏剧、演员等) • to attract a lot of people to see it / them • 吸引(大批观众): »The show is still packing them in. 演出仍然吸引着大批观众。 ◘ ˌpack sth∽'in (informal) • to stop doing sth • 停止做某事 【SYN】give up: »She decided to pack in her job. 她决定辞职不干了。 »(especially BrE) Pack it in (= stop behaving badly or annoying me), you two! 别闹了,你们俩！ ◘ ˌpack sb / sth 'in / 'into sth 1. to do a lot of things in a limited period of time • 在(有限时间里)做(大量工作): »You seem to have packed a lot into your life! 你生活中好像有做不完的事情！ 2. to put a lot of things or people into a limited space • 在(有限空间里)塞进(大量的人或物)；塞满 【SYN】cram in: »They've managed to pack a lot of information into a very small book. 他们设法把大量的信息编进了一本很小的书中。 ◘ ˌpack 'into sth • to go somewhere in large numbers so that all available space is filled • 使爆满 【SYN】cram: »Over 80 000 fans packed into the stadium to watch the final. * 8 万多名球迷涌入了体育场观看决赛。 --› see alsopack v. (5) ◘ ˌpack sb∽'off (to...) (informal) • to send sb somewhere, especially because you do not want them with you • 把…打发走: »My parents always packed me off to bed early. 我父母总是早早就打发我上牀。 ◘ ˌpack sth∽'out (of shows, performers, etc. 表演、演员等) • to attract enough people to completely fill a theatre, etc. • 吸引(足够的观众)；使…满座: »The band can still pack out concert halls. 这支乐队仍能使音乐厅爆满。 --› see alsopacked out ◘ ˌpack 'up (informal, especially BrE) (of a machine 机器) • to stop working • 停止工作；坏了: »The fax machine's packed up again. 传真机又坏了。 ◘ ˌpack 'up ◘ | ˌpack sth∽'up 1. to put your possessions into a bag, etc. before leaving a place • 打行李；收拾行装: »Are you packing up already? It's only 4 o'clock. 你已经开始打点行李了？现在才刚刚 4 点钟。 »We arrived just as the musicians were packing up their instruments. 我们到场时乐队已开始收拾乐器了。 2. (BrE, informal) to stop doing sth, especially a job • 停止；放弃；辞掉 【SYN】give up: »What made you pack up a good job like that? 什么原因使你辞去了那么好的工作？ --› see alsopack v. (1)◙ noun ›› CONTAINER 容器 1. [C] (especially NAmE) a container, usually made of paper, that holds a number of the same thing or an amount of sth, ready to be sold • (商品的)纸包,纸袋,纸盒: »a pack of cigarettes / gum 一盒香烟/口香糖 »You can buy the disks in packs of ten. 你可以整盒地买磁盘,每盒十张。 --› comparepackage n. (2),packet(1) --› see alsoflat-pack,six-pack ›› SET 套 2. [C] a set of different things that are supplied together for a particular purpose • (一起供应的)全套东西: »Send for your free information pack today. 今天就来信索取免费资讯包。 ›› THINGS TIED FOR CARRYING 成捆携带的东西 3. [C] a number of things that are wrapped or tied together, especially for carrying • 一捆,一包(尤指适于携带的东西): »donkeys carrying packs of wool 驮着成捆羊毛的驴 »(figurative) Everything she told us is a pack of lies (= a story that is completely false). 她所说的全都是一派谎言。 ›› LARGE BAG 大包 4. [C] a large bag that you carry on your back • 大背包: »We passed a group of walkers, carrying huge packs. 我们与一批背着超大行囊的步行者擦肩而过。 --› see alsobackpack n.,fanny pack ›› OF ANIMALS 动物 5. [C + sing. / pl. v.] a group of animals that hunt together or are kept for hunting • 一群(动物或猎狗): »packs of savage dogs 成群的野狗 »wolves hunting in packs 成群猎食的狼 »a pack of hounds 一群猎犬 ›› OF PEOPLE 人 6. [C + sing. / pl. v.] a group of similar people or things, especially one that you do not like or approve of • 群；帮；团伙: »We avoided a pack of journalists waiting outside. 我们避开了等在门外的一群记者。 »He's the leader of the pack. 他是那个团伙的头目。 7. [C + sing. / pl. v.] all the people who are behind the leaders in a race, competition, etc. • (统称)竞赛中的落后者: »measures aimed at keeping the company ahead of the pack 旨在使公司领先所有竞争集团的措施 ›› OF CARDS 纸牌 8. (BrE) (also deck NAmE, BrE) [C] a complete set of 52playing cards • 一副(为 52 张): »a pack of cards 一副纸牌 ›› OF CUBS / BROWNIES 男/女幼童军 9. [C + sing. / pl. v.] an organized group ofCubs / Cub ScoutsorBrownies • 一队(男或女幼童军): »to join a Brownie pack 加入一队幼女童军 ›› FOR WOUND 用于伤口 10. [C] a hot or cold piece of soft material that absorbs liquid, used for treating a wound • (治创伤用的)裹布,填塞物,敷料 --› see alsoface pack,ice pack,mud pack --› more atjokernephew / ˈnefju:; ˈnevju: / ◙ noun • the son of your brother or sister; the son of your husband's or wife's brother or sister • 侄子；外甥 --› compareniecehire / ˈhaiə(r) / ◙ verb 1. [VN] (especially BrE) to pay money to borrow sth for a short time • 租用；租借: »to hire a car / room / video 租汽车/房间/录像带 --› note atrent 2. (especially NAmE) to give sb a job • 聘用；录用；雇用: ▪ [VN] »She was hired three years ago. 她是三年前录用的。 ▪ [V] »He does the hiring and firing in our company. 他在我们公司负责员工的聘用和辞退。 3. [VN] to employ sb for a short time to do a particular job • 临时雇用: »to hire a lawyer 聘请律师 »They hired a firm of consultants to design the new system. 他们请了一家咨询公司来设计新的系统。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌhire sth∽'out • to let sb use sth for a short time, in return for payment • 出租某物 ◘ ˌhire yourself 'out (to sb) • to arrange to work for sb • 为(某人)工作；受聘于；受雇于: »He hired himself out to whoever needed his services. 他以前从事临时服务业。 ◙ noun 1. [U] (especially BrE) the act of paying to use sth for a short time • 租借；租用；租赁: »bicycles for hire, £2 an hour 自行车出租,每小时 2 英镑 »a hire car 供租用的汽车 »a car hire firm 汽车出租公司 »The price includes the hire of the hall. 费用包括礼堂租金。 »The costumes are on hire from the local theatre. 戏装可向本地剧院租用。 --› note atrent 2. [C] (especially NAmE) a person who has recently been given a job by a company • 新雇员；新员工
【IDIOMS】
--› seeplyv.
shore / ʃɔ:(r) / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] the land along the edge of the sea or ocean, a lake or another large area of water • (海洋、湖泊等大水域的)岸,滨: »a rocky / sandy shore 岩/沙岸 »to swim from the boat to the shore 下船游上岸 »a house on the shores of the lake 湖畔的房子 »The ship was anchored off shore. 船停泊在离岸不远的地方。 2. shores [pl.] (especially literary) a country, especially one with a coast • 国家(尤指濒海国家): »foreign shores 外国 »What brings you to these shores? 是什么把你带到这国家来的？ ◙ verb 【PHR V】 ◘ ˌshore sth∽'up 1. to support part of a building or other large structure by placing large pieces of wood or metal against or under it so that it does not fall down • 用撑柱支撑 2. to help to support sth that is weak or going to fail • 支撑；稳住
mush∙room / ˈmʌʃrum; -ru:m / ◙ noun • afunguswith a round flat head and shortstem. Many mushrooms can be eaten. • 蘑菇；蕈；伞菌: »a field mushroom (= the most common type that is eaten, often just called a 'mushroom', and often grown to be sold) 洋蘑菇 »fried mushrooms 油炸蘑菇 »cream of mushroom soup 奶油蘑菇汤 --› see alsobutton mushroom,toadstool◙ verb [V] 1. to rapidly grow or increase in number • 快速生长；迅速增长: »We expect the market to mushroom in the next ten years. 我们期望未来两年内市场会迅速发展。 2. (usually go mushrooming) to gathermushroomsin a field or wood • 采蘑菇
gas / ɡæs / ◙ noun (pl. gases or (less frequent) gas∙ses) ›› NOT SOLID / LIQUID 非固体/液体 1. [C, U] any substance like air that is neither a solid nor a liquid, for examplehydrogenandoxygenare both gases • 气体: »Air is a mixture of gases. 空气为混合气体。 »CFC gases 含氯氟烃气体 »a gas bottle / cylinder (= for storing gas) 气瓶/罐 --› see alsogreenhouse gas 2. [U] a particular type of gas or mixture of gases used as fuel for heating and cooking • 气体燃料；煤气；天然气: »a gas cooker / fire / furnace / oven / ring / stove 煤气灶；煤气取暖器；煤气锅炉；煤气烤箱；煤气灶火圈；煤气炉 »a gas explosion / leak 气体爆炸；煤气泄漏 »gas central heating 燃气中央供暖系统 »(BrE) Preheat the oven to gas mark 5 (= a particular temperature of a gas oven). 把烤炉预热至 5 挡。 --› see alsoCalor gas,coal gas,natural gas 3. [U] a particular type of gas used during a medical operation, to make the patient sleep or to make the pain less • (外科手术用)麻醉气: »an anaesthetic gas 麻醉气体 »During the birth she was given gas and air. 她分娩时用了麻醉混合气体。 --› see alsolaughing gas 4. [U] a particular type of gas used in war to kill or injure people, or used by the police to control people • (战争用)毒气；(警察用)瓦斯: »a gas attack 毒气攻击 --› see alsoCS gas,nerve gas,tear gas ›› IN VEHICLE 车辆 5. [U] (NAmE) =petrol: »a gas station 加油站 »a gas pump 加(汽)油泵 »to fill up the gas tank 加满油箱 6. the gas [sing.] (especially NAmE) =gas pedal: »Step on the gas, we're late. 加大油门,我们要迟到了。 ›› FUN 乐趣 7. [sing.] (especially NAmE) a person or an event that is fun • 有趣的人(或事物): »The party was a real gas. 这次聚会真有趣。 ›› IN STOMACH 胃 8. [U] (NAmE) =wind¹(2)
【IDIOMS】
--› seecookv. ◙ verb (-ss-) ›› KILL / HARM WITH GAS 用毒气杀死/伤害 1. [VN] to kill or harm sb by making them breathe poisonous gas • 用毒气杀伤；使吸入毒气 ›› TALK 谈论 2. [V] (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时) (old-fashioned, informal) to talk for a long time about things that are not important • 闲聊；空谈；瞎扯 【SYN】chatdino∙saur / ˈdainəsɔ:(r) / ◙ noun 1. an animal that lived millions of years ago but is nowextinct(= it no longer exists). There were many types of dinosaur, some of which were very large. • 恐龙 2. (disapproving) a person or thing that is old-fashioned and cannot change in the changing conditions of modern life • 守旧落伍的人；过时落后的东西
exit / ˈeksit; ˈeɡzit / ◙ noun 1. a way out of a public building or vehicle • 出口；通道；太平门: »Where's the exit? 出口在哪儿？ »There is a fire exit on each floor of the building. 这栋建筑每层楼都有个消防通道。 »The emergency exit is at the back of the bus. 紧急出口在公共汽车的尾部。 --› compareentrance¹(1) 2. an act of leaving, especially of an actor from the stage • 退出；离去；(尤指演员)退场: »The heroine made her exit to great applause. 女主角在热烈的掌声中退场。 »He made a quick exit to avoid meeting her. 他迅速离去以避免见到她。 »an exit visa (= a stamp in a passport giving sb permission to leave a particular country) 出境签证 3. a place where vehicles can leave a road to join another road • (车辆可以从一道路驶出进入另一道路的)出口,出路: »Leave the roundabout at the second exit. 在第二个出口处驶离环岛。 »Take the exit for Trento. 从通往特伦托的出口处驶出。 ◙ verb 1. (formal) to go out; to leave a building, stage, vehicle, etc. • 出去；离去；退场: ▪ [V] »The bullet entered her back and exited through her chest. 子弹从她背部穿胸而过。 »We exited via a fire door. 我们从防火安全门走了出去。 ▪ [VN] »As the actors exited the stage the lights went on. 演员们退场时灯光便亮了起来。 2. to finish using a computer program • 退出(计算机程序): ▪ [V] »To exit from this page, press the return key. 退出本页面按返回键。 ▪ [VN] »I exited the database and switched off the computer. 我退出数据库后关掉了计算机。 3. [V] exit... used in the instructions printed in a play to say that an actor must leave the stage • (剧本里的指示)退场,退下 --› compareexeuntceil∙ing / ˈsi:liŋ / ◙ noun 1. the top inside surface of a room • 天花板；顶棚: »She lay on her back staring up at the ceiling. 她仰卧着凝视天花板。 »a large room with a high ceiling 屋顶很高的大房间 2. the highest limit or amount of sth • 最高限度；上限；最大限量: »price ceilings 最高价 --› comparefloor(7) 3. (technical 术语) the greatest height at which a particular aircraft is able to fly • 最高飞行限度；升限 --› see alsoglass ceiling
【IDIOMS】
--› seehitv.
float / fləut; NAmE flout / ◙ verb ›› ON WATER / IN AIR 水上；空中 1. [V +adv. / prep.] to move slowly on water or in the air • 浮动；漂流；飘动；飘移 【SYN】drift: »A group of swans floated by. 一群天鹅缓缓游过。 »The smell of new bread floated up from the kitchen. 厨房里飘出新鲜麪包的香味。 »Beautiful music came floating out of the window. 美妙的乐声从窗口传出。 »(figurative) An idea suddenly floated into my mind. 我脑海里突然浮现出一个想法。 »(figurative) People seem to float in and out of my life. 不同的人在我的生命中出现和消失。 2. [V] ~ (in / on sth) to stay on or near the surface of a liquid and not sink • 浮；漂浮: »Wood floats. 木头能浮起来。 »A plastic bag was floating in the water. 一个塑料袋在水中漂浮。 »Can you float on your back? 你能仰浮吗？ 3. [VN] to make sth move on or near the surface of a liquid • 使浮动；使漂流: »There wasn't enough water to float the ship. 水不够深,船浮动不起来。 »They float the logs down the river to the towns. 他们把圆木沿河漂流至城镇。 ›› WALK LIGHTLY 飘然走动 4. [V +adv. / prep.] (literary) to walk or move in a smooth and easy way • 轻盈走动；飘然移动 【SYN】glide: »She floated down the steps to greet us. 她轻盈地下楼来迎接我们。 ›› SUGGEST IDEA 提出想法 5. [VN] to suggest an idea or a plan for other people to consider • 提出,提请考虑(想法或计划): »They floated the idea of increased taxes on alcohol. 他们建议提高酒税。 ›› BUSINESS / ECONOMICS 商业；经济学 6. [VN] (business 商) to sell shares in a company or business to the public for the first time • (公司或企业)发行(股票)上市: »The company was floated on the stock market in 2001. 这家公司于 2001 年上市。 »Shares were floated at 585p. 股票最初上市价为 5 英镑 85 便士。 7. [VN V] (economics 经) if a government floats its country's money or allows it to float, it allows its value to change freely according to the value of the money of other countries • (使货币汇率)自由浮动
【IDIOMS】
◘ float sb's 'boat •(informal) to be what sb likes • 为某人所喜欢: »You can listen to whatever kind of music floats your boat. 无论你喜欢哪种音乐,你都可以听。 --› more atairn.
【PHR V】
◘ ˌfloat a'bout / a'round (usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时) • if an idea, etc. is floating around, it is talked about by a number of people or passed from six person to another • (思想等)传播,流传◙ noun ›› VEHICLE 车辆 1. a large vehicle on which people dressed in specialcostumesare carried in a festival • 彩车: »a carnival float 狂欢节彩车 ›› IN FISHING 钓鱼 2. a small light object attached to afishing linethat stays on the surface of the water and moves when a fish has been caught • 鱼漂；浮子 ›› FOR SWIMMING 游泳 3. a light object that floats in the water and is held by a person who is learning to swim to stop them from sinking • (学游泳用的)浮板 ›› DRINK 饮料 4. (NAmE) a drink with ice cream floating in it • 加冰淇淋的饮料: »a Coke float 一杯加冰淇淋的可口可乐 ›› MONEY 钱 5. (especially BrE) a sum of money consisting of coins and notes of low value that is given to sb before they start selling things so that they can give customers change • (商店的)备用零钱 ›› BUSINESS 商业 6. =flotationes∙cape / iˈskeip / ◙ verb 1. [V] ~ (from sb / sth) to get away from a place where you have been kept as a prisoner or not allowed to leave • (从监禁或管制中)逃跑,逃走,逃出: »Two prisoners have escaped. 两名犯人逃走了。 »He escaped from prison this morning. 他今天早上从监狱里逃跑了。 2. ~ (from sth) to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation • (从不愉快或危险处境中)逃脱,摆脱,逃避: ▪ [V] »She managed to escape from the burning car. 她终于从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。 »(figurative) As a child he would often escape into a dreamworld of his own. 小时候他常常躲进自己的梦幻世界中。 ▪ [VN] »They were glad to have escaped the clutches of winter for another year. 他们很高兴又一年躲过了寒冬的魔爪。 3. [no passive] to avoid sth unpleasant or dangerous • 避开,避免(不愉快或危险的事物): ▪ [VN] »She was lucky to escape punishment. 她逃脱惩罚真是幸运。 »The pilot escaped death by seconds. 这位飞行员真是死里逃生。 »There was no escaping the fact that he was overweight. 他身体超重这一事实是无法回避的。 ▪ [V -ing] »He narrowly escaped being killed. 他险些丧命。 4. ~ (with sth) to suffer no harm or less harm than you would expect • (未受伤或只受了一点伤害而)逃脱,幸免于难: ▪ [V] »I was lucky to escape with minor injuries. 我只受了一点轻伤逃出来真是万幸。 ▪ [V-ADJ] »Both drivers escaped unhurt. 两个驾驶员都幸免于难,安然无恙。 5. [VN] [no passive] to be forgotten or not noticed • 被忘掉；被忽视；未被注意: »Her name escapes me (= I can't remember it). 我记不起她的名字了。 »It might have escaped your notice, but I'm very busy at the moment. 也许你没注意到,可我此刻忙得不可开交。 6. [V] (of gases, liquids, etc. 气体、液体等) to get out of a container, especially through a hole or crack • 漏出；泄漏；渗出: »Put a lid on to prevent heat escaping. 盖上盖子,以免热气跑了。 »toxic waste escaping into the sea 流入大海的有毒废料 7. (of a sound 声音) to come out from your mouth without you intending it to • (不自觉地)由…发出: ▪ [VN] »A groan escaped her lips. 她不由得发出一声呻吟。 ▪ [also V] ◙ noun 1. [C, U] ~ (from sth) the act or a method of escaping from a place or an unpleasant or dangerous situation • 逃跑；逃脱；逃避: »an escape from a prisoner of war camp 从战俘营中逃出 »I had a narrow escape (= I was lucky to have escaped). 我是死里逃生。 »There was no hope of escape from her disastrous marriage. 她无望从不幸的婚姻中解脱出来。 »He took an elaborate escape route from South Africa to Britain. 他周密安排了一条路线从南非逃往英国。 »As soon as he turned his back, she would make her escape. 他一转身,她就逃跑。 --› see alsofire escape 2. [sing., U] a way of forgetting sth unpleasant or difficult for a short time • 逃避现实；解脱；消遣: »For her travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life. 对她来说,旅行是为了从乏味的日常生活中暂时解脱出来。 3. [C] the fact of a liquid, gas, etc. coming out of a pipe or container by accident; the amount that comes out • 漏出,逸出,渗出(量): »an escape of gas 漏气 4. [U] (also e'scape key [C]) (computing 计) a button on a computer keyboard that you press to stop a particular operation or leave a program • * Esc 键；退出键: »Press escape to get back to the menu. 按 Esc 键,退回到选单。
【IDIOMS】
◘ make ˌgood your e'scape •(formal) to manage to escape completely • 成功地逃脱 --› more atbarnter∙ror / ˈterə(r) / ◙ noun 1. [U, sing.] a feeling of extreme fear • 惊恐；恐惧；惊骇: »a feeling of sheer / pure terror 胆战心惊 »Her eyes were wild with terror. 她的眼睛里充满了恐惧。 »People fled from the explosion in terror. 人们惊恐地逃离了爆炸现场。 »She lives in terror of (= is constantly afraid of) losing her job. 她一直胆战心惊地害怕丢了工作。 »Some women have a terror of losing control in the birth process. 有些妇女惧怕在分娩过程中难以自制。 »(literary) The very name of the enemy struck terror into their hearts. 他们一听到敌人的名字就心惊胆战。 2. [C] a person, situation or thing that makes you very afraid • 可怕的人；恐怖的事；可怕的情况: »These street gangs have become the terror of the neighbourhood. 这些街头少年团伙使得周围邻里谈之色变。 »Death holds no terrors for (= does not frighten or worry) me. 死神是吓不倒我的。 »The terrors of the night were past. 夜间那些恐怖的事情都已经成为过去。 3. [U] violent action or the threat of violent action that is intended to cause fear, usually for political purposes • (通常出于政治目的)恐怖行动,恐怖 【SYN】terrorism: »a campaign of terror 恐怖运动 »terror tactics 恐怖手段 --› see alsoreign of terror 4. [C] (informal) a person (usually a child) or an animal that causes you trouble or is difficult to control • 讨厌鬼；小捣蛋: »Their kids are real little terrors. 他们的小孩都是十足的讨厌鬼。
up∙wards / ˈʌpwədz; NAme -wərdz / (especially BrE) (also up∙ward especially in NAmE) ◙ adv. 1. towards a higher place or position • 向上；向高处: »A flight of steps led upwards to the front door. 一段台阶往上通向正门。 »Place your hands on the table with the palms facing upwards. 把手放在桌子上,手心朝上。 【OPP】downwards 2. towards a higher amount or price • (数量、价格)上升,上涨,提高: »Bad weather forced the price of fruit upwards. 恶劣的天气迫使水果价格上涨。 »The budget has been revised upwards. 预算已经上调。 【OPP】downwards 3. ~ of sth more than the amount or number mentioned • 在…以上；大于；超过: »You should expect to pay upwards of £50 for a hotel room. 住宿饭店,每个房间预计至少要 50 英镑。
sun∙light / ˈsʌnlait / ◙ noun [U] • the light from the sun • 阳光；日光: »a ray / pool of sunlight 一束/一片阳光 »shafts of bright sunlight 一道道明亮的阳光 »The morning sunlight flooded into the room. 早晨的阳光泻入房间。
zip / zip / ◙ noun 1. (also 'zip fastener) (both BrE) (also zip∙per NAmE, BrE) [C] a thing that you use to fasten clothes, bags, etc. It consists of ten rows of metal or plastic teeth that you can pull together to close sth or pull apart to open it. • 拉链；拉锁: »to do up / undo / open / close a zip 拉上/拉开拉链 »My zip's stuck. 我的拉链卡住了。 2. [U] (informal) energy or speed • 能量；速度 3. [sing.] (informal, especially NAmE) nothing • 零；没有；毫无: »We won five zip (4–0). 我们以四比零获胜。 »He said zip all evening. 整个晚上他一声不吭。 ◙ verb (-pp-) 1. to fasten clothes, bags, etc. with azip / zipper • 拉上拉链: ▪ [VN] »I zipped and buttoned my jacket. 我把夹克的拉链拉上,系好扣子。 »The children were safely zipped into their sleeping bags. 孩子们都安安稳稳地躺在睡袋里,拉链也给他们拉好了。 ▪ [VN-ADJ] »He zipped his case shut. 他拉上了箱子的拉锁。 --› compareunzip(1) 2. [V] to be fastened with azip / zipper • 用拉链锁上: »The sleeping bags can zip together. 这些睡袋是用拉链封严的。 3. [+adv. / prep.] (informal) to move very quickly or to make sth move very quickly in the direction mentioned • (使沿某方向)快速移动: ▪ [V] »A sports car zipped past us. 一辆跑车从我们身边呼啸而过。 ▪ [also VN] 4. [VN] (computing 计) tocompressa file (= make it smaller) • 压缩(文件) 【OPP】unzip
【PHR V】
◘ ˌzip 'up ◘ | ˌzip sb / sth 'up • to be fastened with azip / zipper; to fasten sth with azip / zipper • 拉上拉链；拉上…的拉链: »This jacket zips up right to the neck. 这件夹克的拉链一直拉到脖子。 »Shall I zip you up (= fasten your dress, etc.) ? 要我给你拉上拉链吗？ --› compareunzip(1)
worn / wɔ:n; NAme wɔ:rn / ◙ adj. 1. [usually before noun] (of a thing 物品) damaged or thinner than normal because it is old and has been used a lot • 用坏的；用旧的；磨薄的: »an old pair of worn jeans 一条破旧的牛仔裤 »The stone steps were worn and broken. 这些石头台阶被磨平破裂了。 --› see alsowell worn 2. (of a person 人) looking very tired • 疲惫的；筋疲力尽的 【SYN】weary: »She came out of the ordeal looking thin and worn. 她经历过这场苦难后显得憔悴不堪。 --› see alsowearv.
man∙kind / mænˈkaind / ◙ noun [U] • all humans, thought about as one large group; the human race • 人类: »the history of mankind 人类的历史 »an invention for the good of all mankind 造福全人类的一项发明 --› see alsohumankind --› comparewomankindevolve / iˈvɔlv; NAmE iˈvɑ:lv / ◙ verb 1. ~ (sth) (from sth) (into sth) to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form; to develop sth in this way • (使)逐渐形成,逐步发展,逐渐演变: ▪ [V] »The idea evolved from a drawing I discovered in the attic. 这种想法是从我在阁楼里发现的一幅画得到启发的。 »The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer. 这家公司已逐步发展成一个主要的化工厂。 ▪ [VN] »Each school must evolve its own way of working. 每个学校必须形成自己的办学方式。 2. ~ (from sth) (biology 生) (of plants, animals, etc. 动植物等) to develop over time, often many generations, into forms that are better adapted to survive changes in their environment • 进化；演化: ▪ [V] »The three species evolved from a single ancestor. 这三种生物从同一祖先进化而来。 ▪ [VN] »The dolphin has evolved a highly developed jaw. 海豚已经进化形成高度发达的下颌。
beast / bi:st / ◙ noun 1. (old-fashioned or formal) an animal, especially one that is large or dangerous, or one that is unusual • (尤指大型或凶猛、独特的)动物,兽: »wild / savage / ferocious beasts 野兽；猛兽；凶残的动物 »mythical beasts such as unicorns and dragons 独角兽和龙之类的神异动物 2. a person who is cruel and whose behaviour is uncontrolled • 性情凶残的人；行为粗暴的人 【SYN】animal 3. (informal, often humorous) an unpleasant person or thing • 讨厌的人(或事物): »The maths exam was a real beast. 数学考试实在令人憎恶。 4. (informal) a thing of a particular kind • (某种)东西 【SYN】animal: »His new guitar is a very expensive beast. 他的新吉他贵得吓人。
im∙pres∙sion / imˈpreʃn / ◙ noun ›› IDEA / OPINION 想法；看法 1. ~ (of sb / sth) | ~ (that...) an idea, a feeling or an opinion that you get about sb / sth, or that sb / sth gives you • 印象；感想: »a general / an overall impression 总的/整体印象 »to get a good / bad impression of sb / sth 对某人/某事物的印象好/不好 »an initial / a lasting impression 初次/持久的印象 »My first impression of him was favourable. 他给我的第一印象不错。 »I did not get the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 我并不觉得他们不满于当时的状况。 »My impression is that there are still a lot of problems. 依我看问题还是蛮多的。 »She gives the impression of being very busy. 她给人的印象是特别忙。 »Try and smile. You don't want to give people the wrong impression (= that you are not friendly). 尽量微笑。不要让人误以为你很冷漠。 ›› EFFECT 作用 2. ~ (on sb) the effect that an experience or a person has on sb / sth • 影响；效果: »a big impression 大的影响 »His trip to India made a strong impression on him. 他的印度之行对他的触动很大。 »You'll have to play better than that if you really want to make an impression (= to make people admire you). 你如果真的想给人留下好印象,就得表演得更好。 »My words made no impression on her. 我的话丝毫没有对她起作用。 ›› DRAWING 图画 3. a drawing showing what a person looks like or what a place or a building will look like in the future • 印象画: »This is an artist's impression of the new stadium. 这是一位艺术家对未来新运动场作的印象画。 ›› AMUSING COPY OF SB 滑稽模仿 4. ~ (of sb) an amusing copy of the way a person acts or speaks • (对某人举止言谈的)滑稽模仿 【SYN】impersonation: »He did his impression of Tom Hanks. 他滑稽地模仿了汤姆 · 汉克斯。 ›› FALSE APPEARANCE 假象 5. an appearance that may be false • (虚假的)外观；假象: »Clever lighting creates an impression of space in a room. 巧妙的照明会让人有屋子空间增大的感觉。 ›› MARK 痕迹 6. a mark that is left when an object is pressed hard into a surface • 压痕 ›› BOOK 书籍 7. all the copies of a book that are printed at six time, with few or no changes to the contents since the last time the book was printed • 重印本；印次 --› compareedition(3)
【IDIOMS】
◘ (be) under the im'pression that... • believing, usually wrongly, that sth is true or is happening • 以为…；(通常指)误认为…: »I was under the impression that the work had already been completed. 我还以为已经完工了呢。 --› note atthinkmas∙ter / ˈmɑ:stə(r); NAme ˈmæs- / ◙ noun ›› OF SERVANTS 仆人 1. (old-fashioned) a man who has people working for him, often as servants in his home • (男)主人,雇主: »They lived in fear of their master. 他们惧怕主人,提心吊胆地过日子。 ›› PERSON IN CONTROL 主宰 2. ~ of sth a person who is able to control sth • 主宰；主人；有控制力的人: »She was no longer master of her own future. 她已无法把握自己的未来。 ›› SKILLED PERSON 有技能的人 3. ~ (of sth) a person who is skilled at sth • 能手；擅长…者: »a master of disguise 精于伪装的人 »a master of the serve-and-volley game 发球截击的高手 --› see alsopast master ›› DOG OWNER 狗的主人 4. the male owner of a dog • 狗的男主人: »The dog saved its master's life. 这条狗救了它的主人。 --› comparemistress(4) ›› TEACHER 教师 5. (BrE, old-fashioned) a male teacher at a school, especially a private school • (尤指私立学校的)男教师: »the physics master 物理老师 --› compareschoolmaster,mistress(2) ›› UNIVERSITY DEGREE 大学学位 6. master's (also 'master's degree) a second university degree, or, in Scotland, a first university degree, such as an MA • 硕士学位(大学里的中级学位；在苏格兰指初级学位): »He has a Master's in Business Administration. 他获得了工商管理硕士学位。 --› see alsoMA,MB(1),MBA,MSc 7. (usually Master) a person who has a master's degree • 硕士；有硕士学位的人: »a Master of Arts / Science 文科/理科硕士 ›› CAPTAIN OF SHIP 船长 8. the captain of a ship that transports goods • (货船的)船长 ›› FAMOUS PAINTER 著名画家 9. a famous painter who lived in the past • (已故)著名画家,绘画大师: »an exhibition of work by the French master, Monet 法国著名画家莫奈的作品展 --› see alsoold master(1) ›› ORIGINAL RECORD / TAPE / MOVIE 原版录音/磁带/电影 10. (often used as an adjective 常用作形容词) a version of a record, tape, film / movie, etc. from which copies are made • 母带；母片；原始拷贝: »the master copy 原始拷贝 ›› TITLE 称谓 11. Master (old-fashioned) a title used when speaking to or about a boy who is too young to be called Mr (also used in front of the name on an envelope, etc.) • (对年龄小而不便称作"先生"的男孩的称谓；也用在信封等处的人名前)少爷,君 12. Master (in Britain) the title of the head of some schools and university colleges • (英国)校长,院长: »the Master of Wolfson College 沃尔夫森学院院长 13. Master a title used for speaking to or about some religious teachers or leaders • (对宗教导师或领袖的称谓)大师,师傅
【HELP】There are many other compounds ending in master. You will find them at their place in the alphabet. • 以 master 结尾的复合词还有很多,可在各字母中的适当位置查到。
【IDIOMS】
◘ be your own 'master / 'mistress • to be free to make your own decisions rather than being told what to do by sb else • 独立自主 --› more atlord,servev. ◙ verb [VN] ›› LEARN / UNDERSTAND 学会；理解 1. to learn or understand sth completely • 精通；掌握: »to master new skills / techniques 掌握新的技能/技术 »French was a language he had never mastered. 法语他一直没有学好。 ›› CONTROL 控制 2. to manage to control an emotion • 控制(情绪): »She struggled hard to master her temper. 她竭力按住性子,不发脾气。 3. to gain control of an animal or a person • 控制(动物或人)◙ adj. [only before noun] ›› SKILLED 熟练 1. ~ baker / chef / mason, etc. used to describe a person who is very skilled at the job mentioned • (描述精于某职业的人)熟练的,灵巧的,有技能的 ›› MOST IMPORTANT 最重要 2. the largest and / or most important • 最大的；最重要的: »the master bedroom 主卧室 »a master file / switch 主文件；总开关
frost / frɔst; NAmE frɔ:st / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] a weather condition in which the temperature drops below 0°C (=freezing point) so that a thin white layer of ice forms on the ground and other surfaces, especially at night • 严寒天气；霜冻；冰点以下的温度: »It will be a clear night with some ground frost. 今夜晴,部份地面有霜冻。 »a sharp / hard / severe frost 酷寒 »There were ten degrees of frost (= the temperature dropped to -10°C) last night. 昨夜零下 10 摄氏度。 »frost damage 霜冻害 2. [U] the thin white layer of ice that forms when the temperature drops below 0°C • 霜: »The car windows were covered with frost. 车窗玻璃结了霜。 --› see alsohoar frost◙ verb 1. ~ (sth) (over / up) to cover sth or to become covered with a thin white layer of ice • (使)蒙上霜,结霜: ▪ [VN] »The mirror was frosted up. 镜子蒙了一层霜。 ▪ [V] »The windows had frosted over. 窗子结满了霜。 2. [VN] (especially NAmE) to cover a cake withicing / frosting • 给(糕饼)覆上糖霜