m5u1
be∙tray / biˈtrei /
◙ verb [VN]
1. ~ sb / sth (to sb) to give information about sb / sth to an enemy
• 出卖；泄露(机密):
 »For years they had been betraying state secrets to Russia.
  他们多年来一直向俄罗斯泄露国家机密。
 »He was offered money to betray his colleagues.
  有人收买他出卖他的同事。
2. to hurt sb who trusts you, especially by not being loyal or faithful to them
• 辜负；对…不忠:
 »She felt betrayed when she found out the truth about him.
  她发现他的真实情况时,感到受了欺骗。
 »She betrayed his trust over and over again.
  她一次又一次地辜负了他的信任。
 »I have never known her to betray a confidence (= tell other people sth that should be kept secret).
  我从未听说过她泄露秘密。
--› note at cheat
3. to ignore your principles or beliefs in order to achieve sth or gain an advantage for yourself
• 背叛(原则或信仰):
 »He has been accused of betraying his former socialist ideals.
  有人指责他背弃了他先前的社会主义理想。
4. ~ sth / yourself to tell sb or make them aware of a piece of information, a feeling, etc., usually without meaning to
• (无意中)泄漏信息,流露情感
【SYN】 give away :
 »His voice betrayed the worry he was trying to hide.
  他的声音掩盖不了内心的担忧。
 »She was terrified of saying something that would make her betray herself (= show her feelings or who she was).
  她害怕说话时泄了自己的底。
quiz / kwiz /
◙ noun (pl. quiz∙zes)
1. a competition or game in which people try to answer questions to test their knowledge
• 知识竞赛；智力游戏:
 »a general knowledge quiz
  常识问答竞赛
 »a television quiz show
  电视智力游戏节目
2. (especially NAmE) an informal test given to students
• 小测验:
 »a reading comprehension quiz
  阅读理解小测验
--› see also pop quiz
--› note at exam
◙ verb (-zz-) [VN]
1. ~ sb (about sb / sth) | ~ sb (on / over sth) to ask sb a lot of questions about sth in order to get information from them
• 盘问；查问；询问；讯问
【SYN】 question :
 »Four men are being quizzed by police about the murder.
  警察就这起谋杀案正在盘问四个男子。
 »We were quizzed on our views about education.
  我们被征询对教育的看法。
2. (NAmE) to give students an informal test
• 测验(学生):
 »You will be quizzed on chapter 6 tomorrow.
  明天将考你们第 6 章。
pre∙tend / priˈtend /
◙ verb
1. ~ (to sb) (that...) to behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true
• 假装；佯装:
▪ [V]
 »I'm tired of having to pretend all the time.
  我讨厌老得装假。
 »Of course I was wrong; it would be hypocritical to pretend otherwise.
  当然是我错了；混充正确就是虚伪了。
▪ [V (that)]
 »He pretended to his family that everything was fine.
  他对家人佯称一切都好。
 »We pretended (that) nothing had happened.
  我们假装什么事情也没发生。
▪ [V to inf]
 »He pretended not to notice.
  他假装没注意。
 »She didn't love him, though she pretended to.
  她并不爱他,虽然她装出爱的样子。
▪ [VN]
 »(formal) She pretended an interest she did not feel.
  她毫无兴趣却装作有。
2. (especially of children 尤指儿童) to imagine that sth is true as part of a game
• (在游戏中)装扮,扮作,模拟:
▪ [V (that)]
 »Let's pretend (that) we're astronauts.
  咱们装扮成太空人吧。
▪ [V]
 »They didn't have any real money so they had to pretend.
  他们没有真钱,就用假的代替。
3. ~ (to sth) (usually used in negative sentences and questions 通常用于否定句和疑问句) to claim to be, do or have sth, especially when this is not true
• 自诩；自称；自认为:
▪ [V]
 »I can't pretend to any great musical talent.
  我不能妄称自己多有音乐天赋。
▪ [V (that)]
 »I don't pretend (that) I know much about the subject, but...
  我不敢说自己对这个主题有多了解,但是…
▪ [V to inf]
 »The book doesn't pretend to be a great work of literature.
  这本书并未自封为文学杰作。
◙ adj. [usually before noun]
• (informal) (often used by children 常为儿童用语) not real, imaginary
• 假装的；想像的:
 »pretend cakes
  假糕点
cheer∙ful / ˈtʃiəfl; NAmE ˈtʃirfl /
◙ adj.
1. happy, and showing it by the way that you behave
• 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的:
 »You're not your usual cheerful self today.
  你今天不像往常那么快快乐乐的。
 »a cheerful, hard-working employee
  快快乐乐勤奋工作的雇员
 »a cheerful smile / voice
  欢快的微笑/说话声
2. giving you a feeling of happiness
• 令人愉快的:
 »a bright, cheerful restaurant
  明亮宜人的餐馆
 »walls painted in cheerful (= light and bright) colours
  用亮丽色彩涂饰一新的墙壁
 »a chatty, cheerful letter
  一封令人愉快的拉家常的信
♦ cheer∙ful∙ly / -fəli / adv.:
 »to laugh / nod / whistle cheerfully
  欢快地笑/点头/吹口哨
 »I could cheerfully have killed him when he said that (= I would have liked to).
  他说那话时我真想把他宰了。
 »She cheerfully admitted that she had no experience at all (= she wasn't afraid to do so).
  她坦然承认她毫无经验。
♦ cheer∙ful∙ness noun [U]
wash∙room / ˈwɔʃru:m; -rum; NAme ˈwɑ:ʃ-; ˈwɔ:ʃ- /
◙ noun
• (old-fashioned, NAmE)a toilet / bathroom, especially six that is in a public building
• (尤指公共建筑物内的)洗手间,厕所
admit / ədˈmit /
◙ verb (-tt-)
›› ACCEPT TRUTH 承认事实
1. ~ (to sth / to doing sth) | ~ (to sb) (that...) to agree, often unwillingly, that sth is true
• (常指勉强)承认
【SYN】 confess :
▪ [V]
 »She admits to being strict with her children.
  她承认对自己的孩子很严厉。
 »Don't be afraid to admit to your mistakes.
  不要怕认错。
 »It was a stupid thing to do, I admit.
  我承认,那次干的是件蠢事。
▪ [VN]
 »He admitted all his mistakes.
  他承认了全部错误。
 »She stubbornly refuses to admit the truth.
  她顽固地拒不承认事实。
 »Why don't you just admit defeat (= recognize that you cannot do sth) and let someone else try ?
  你干吗不干脆承认自己不行,让别人来试试？
 »Admit it! You were terrified!
  承认了吧！你吓坏了！
▪ [V (that)]
 »They freely admit (that) they still have a lot to learn.
  他们坦率承认,他们要学的东西还很多。
 »I couldn't admit to my parents that I was finding the course difficult.
  我无法向父母实话实说,我觉得这门课程很难。
 »You must admit that it all sounds very strange.
  你必须承认这一切听起来很古怪。
▪ [VN that]
 »It was generally admitted that the government had acted too quickly.
  普遍认为,政府行动过急。
▪ [V speech]
 »'I'm very nervous,' she admitted reluctantly.
  "我很紧张。"她不愿意地承认说。
▪ [VN to inf]
 »The appointment is now generally admitted to have been a mistake.
  现在公认那次任命是一个错误。
【HELP】This pattern is only used in the passive.
• 此句型仅用于被动语态。

›› ACCEPT BLAME 承认责任
2. ~ (to sth / to doing sth) to say that you have done sth wrong or illegal
• 承认(过错、罪行)；招认；招供
【SYN】 confess to :
▪ [V]
 »She admitted to having stolen the car.
  她供认偷了那辆轿车。
 »He refused to admit to the other charges.
  他拒不承认其他指控。
▪ [VN]
 »She admitted theft.
  她招认了偷窃行为。
 »He refused to admit his guilt.
  他拒不认罪。
▪ [V -ing]
 »She admitted having driven the car without insurance.
  她供认驾驶了这辆没有保险的轿车。
›› ALLOW TO ENTER / JOIN 准许进入/加入
3. [VN] ~ sb / sth (to / into sth) to allow sb / sth to enter a place
• 准许进入(某处):
 »Each ticket admits six adult.
  每张票只准许一位成人入场。
 »The narrow windows admit little light into the room.
  窗户狭窄,只有少量光线可以照进房间。
 »You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performance has started.
  演出开始后不许进入剧场。
4. [VN] ~ sb (to / into sth) to allow sb to become a member of a club, a school, or an organization
• 准许加入(俱乐部、组织)；接收(入学):
 »The society admits all US citizens over 21.
  凡 21 岁以上的美国公民均可加入该社团。
 »Women were only admitted into the club last year.
  这家俱乐部去年才接纳女会员。
›› TO HOSPITAL 医院
5. [VN] [often passive] ~ sb to / into a hospital, an institution, etc. to take sb to a hospital, or other institution where they can receive special care
• 接收入院；收治:
 »Two crash victims were admitted to the local hospital.
  两位车祸受害者已送进当地医院。
【PHR V】
◘ ad'mit of sth (formal)
• to show that sth is possible or probable as a solution, an explanation, etc.
• 容许,有…可能(指解决办法、解释等)
beg / beɡ /
◙ verb (-gg-)
1. ~ (sb) (for sth) | ~ (sth) (of / from sb) to ask sb for sth especially in an anxious way because you want or need it very much
• 恳求；祈求；哀求:
▪ [VN]
 »They begged him for help.
  他们向他求援。
 »I managed to beg a lift from a passing motorist.
  我设法求得一位开车路过的人让我搭车。
 »She begged permission to leave.
  她请求允许她离开。
▪ [V]
 »He wants to see them beg for mercy.
  他想亲眼看着他们求饶。
 »(formal) Don't leave me here, I beg of you!
  别把我扔在这儿,求求你！
▪ [VN to inf]
 »She begged him not to go.
  她求他别离开。
▪ [V to inf]
 »He begged to be told the truth.
  他请求把真相告诉他。
▪ [V speech]
 »'Give me six more chance,' he begged.
  "再给我一次机会吧。"他恳求道。
▪ [V that]
 »(formal) She begged that she be allowed to go.
  她请求让她离开。 (BrE also)
 »She begged that she should be allowed to go.
  她请求让她离开。
▪ [also VN speech]
2. ~ (for sth) (from sb) | ~ sth (from sb) to ask sb for money, food, etc., especially in the street
• 乞讨；行乞:
▪ [V]
 »London is full of homeless people begging in the streets.
  伦敦大街上到处都是无家可归的乞丐。
 »The children were begging for food.
  那些孩子在讨饭。
 »a begging letter (= six that asks sb for money)
  (要钱的)求援信
▪ [VN]
 »We managed to beg a meal from the cafe owner.
  我们设法向咖啡馆老板讨了一顿饭。
3. [V] if a dog begs, it sits on its back legs with its front legs in the air, waiting to be given sth
• (狗蹲坐在后腿上将前爪抬起)等食物
【IDIOMS】
◘ beg 'leave to do sth
•(formal) to ask sb for permission to do sth
• 请求准许做某事
◘ be going 'begging
(BrE, informal)
• if sth is going begging, it is available because nobody else wants it
• 无人问津；没人要
◘ beg sb's 'pardon
•(formal, especially BrE) to ask sb to forgive you for sth you have said or done
• 请人原谅；向人道歉
◘ beg the 'question
1. to make sb want to ask a question that has not yet been answered
• 令人置疑；引起疑问:
 »All of which begs the question as to who will fund the project.
  所有这一切都令人想到究竟由谁来投资该工程的问题。
2. to talk about sth as if it were definitely true, even though it might not be
• 想当然:
 »These assumptions beg the question that children learn languages more easily than adults.
  这些假设想当然地认为儿童比成年人学习语言容易。
◘ I beg to differ
• used to say politely that you do not agree with sth that has just been said
• 很抱歉,我不敢苟同
◘ I beg your pardon
1. (formal) used to tell sb that you are sorry for sth you have said or done
• 请原谅；对不起:
 »I beg your pardon, I thought that was my coat.
  对不起,我还以为那是我的外衣呢。
2. used to ask sb to repeat what they have just said because you did not hear
• (未听清楚)请再说一遍:
 »'It's on Duke Street.' 'I beg your pardon.' 'Duke Street.'
  "是在公爵大街上。" "请再说一遍。" "公爵大街。"
3. (especially BrE) used to tell sb that you are offended by what they have just said or by the way that they have said it
• (感到被冒犯时说):
 »'Just go away.' 'I beg your pardon!'
  "走开。" "有你这样说话的吗！"
【PHR V】
◘ ˌbeg 'off
• to say that you are unable to do sth that you have agreed to do
• 推辞(已答应做的事)；反悔:
 »He's always begging off at the last minute.
  他总是在最后一分钟反悔。
swear / sweə(r); NAme swer /
◙ verb (swore / swɔ:(r) / , sworn / swɔ:n; NAme swɔ:rn / )
1. əʒ] ~ (at sb / sth) to use rude or offensive language, usually because you are angry
• 咒骂；诅咒；说脏话:
 »She fell over and swore loudly.
  她摔倒了,大骂了一声。
 »Why did you let him swear at you like that?
  你怎么让他那么骂你呢？
2. [no passive] to make a serious promise to do sth
• 郑重承诺；发誓要；表示决心要
【SYN】 vow :
▪ [VN]
 »He swore revenge on the man who had killed his father.
  他发誓要向那个杀死他父亲的人报仇。
▪ [V (that)]
 »I swear (that) I'll never leave you.
  我保证决不离开你。
【HELP】'That' is usually left out, especially in speech.
• * that 常省略,在口语中尤其如此。
▪ [V to inf]
 »She made him swear not to tell anyone.
  她要他发誓不告诉任何人。
3. ~ (to sb) | ~ (on sth) to promise that you are telling the truth
• 赌咒发誓地说；肯定地说:
▪ [V (that)]
 »She swore (that) she'd never seen him before.
  她明确表示自己以前从未见过他。
 »I could have sworn (= I am sure) I heard the phone ring.
  我敢肯定我听见电话铃响了。
▪ [V]
 »I swear to God I had nothing to do with it.
  我可以对天发誓,这跟我一点关系也没有。
4. ~ (on sth) to make a public or official promise, especially in court
• (尤指在法庭上)发誓,郑重承诺:
▪ [V]
 »Witnesses were required to swear on the Bible.
  证人须手按《圣经》宣誓。
▪ [V that]
 »Are you willing to stand up in court and swear that you don't recognize him?
  你愿出庭起誓说你不认识他吗？
▪ [V to inf]
 »Remember, you have sworn to tell the truth.
  别忘记,你宣过誓要讲实话。
▪ [VN]
 »Barons had to swear an oath of allegiance to the king.
  贵族须宣誓效忠国王。
5. [VN] ~ sb to secrecy / silence to make sb promise not to tell sth to anyone
• 使起誓(保密):
 »Everyone was sworn to secrecy about what had happened.
  关于已发生的事,每个人都依照要求起誓不外传。
--› see also sworn
【IDIOMS】
◘ swear 'blind
•(informal) to say that sth is definitely true
• 一口咬定
◘ swear like a 'trooper
•(old-fashioned, BrE) to often use very rude or offensive language
• 满口脏话；动不动就破口大骂
【PHR V】
◘ 'swear by sb / sth
1. to name sb / sth to show that you are making a serious promise
• 以…名义发誓；对…发誓:
 »I swear by almighty God that I will tell the truth.
  我向全能的上帝起誓,我以下所说句句属实。
2. (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to be certain that sth is good or useful
• 极信赖；对…推崇备至:
 »She swears by meditation as a way of relieving stress.
  她深信冥想有助于缓解压力。
◘ ˌswear sb∽'in ◘ | ˌswear sb 'into sth əoften passive]
• to make sb promise to do a job correctly, to be loyal to an organization, a country, etc.
• 使某人宣誓就职；使某人宣誓忠于某组织(或国家等):
 »He was sworn in as president.
  他宣誓就任总统。
 »The new prime minister was sworn into office.
  新首相宣誓就职。
--› related noun swearing-in
◘ 'swear to sth (informal)
• to say that sth is definitely true
• 一口咬定:
 »I think I put the keys back in the drawer, but I couldn't swear to it (= I'm not completely sure).
  我觉得我把钥匙放回抽屉里了,不过我不敢肯定。
spy / spai /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
• a person who tries to get secret information about another country, organization, or person, especially sb who is employed by a government or the police
• 间谍；密探:
 »He was denounced as a foreign spy.
  有人告发他是外国间谍。
 »a police spy
  警方密探
 »a spy plane / satellite (= used to watch the activities of the enemy)
  间谍飞机/衞星
 »Video spy cameras are being used in public places.
  隐蔽的摄像机在监视着公共场所。
◙ verb (spies, spy∙ing, spied, spied)
1. [V] to collect secret information about another country, organization or person
• 从事间谍活动；搜集情报:
 »He spied for his government for more than two years.
  他做过十多年的政府间谍。
2. [VN] (literary or formal) to suddenly see or notice sb / sth
• 突然看见；发现:
 »In the distance we spied the Pacific for the first time.
  在远处,我们突然第一次看到了太平洋。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌspy out the 'land
• to collect information before deciding what to do
• (事先)摸清情况,窥察虚实
【PHR V】
◘ 'spy on sb / sth
• to watch sb / sth secretly
• 暗中监视,窥探(某人或事物):
 »Have you been spying on me?
  你是不是一直在暗中监视我？
◘ ˌspy sth∽'out
• to get information about sth
• 查明,了解清楚(某事)
truly / ˈtru:li /
◙ adv.
1. used to emphasize that a particular statement, feeling, etc. is sincere or genuine
• (用于说法、感觉等)真诚地,诚恳地,衷心地:
 »I'm truly sorry that things had to end like this.
  事情落到这样的结局,我从内心里感到歉疚。
2. used to emphasize a particular quality
• (指性质)真正,确实:
 »a truly memorable occasion
  的确值得纪念的盛事
3. used to emphasize that a particular description is accurate or correct
• (指描述)确切,准确,精确,确实:
 »a truly democratic system of government
  真正的民主政体
 »(informal) Well, really and truly, things were better than expected.
  啊,情况的的确确比预计的要好。
【IDIOMS】
◘ Yours Truly
• (NAmE, formal) used at the end of a formal letter before you sign your name
• (用于正式信函末尾署名前)
--› more at well adv.
for∙give / fəˈɡiv; NAmE fərˈɡiv /
◙ verb (for∙gave / fəˈɡeiv; NAmE fərˈɡ- / , for∙given / fəˈɡivn; NAmE fərˈɡ- / )
1. ~ sb / yourself (for sth / for doing sth) | ~ sb sth to stop feeling angry with sb who has done sth to harm, annoy or upset you; to stop feeling angry with yourself
• 原谅；宽恕:
▪ [VN]
 »I'll never forgive her for what she did.
  我绝不会原谅她做的事。
 »I can't forgive that type of behaviour.
  我不能宽恕那种行为。
 »I'd never forgive myself if she heard the truth from someone else.
  如果她从别人那里听到了真相,我永远不会原谅自己。
▪ [VNN]
 »She'd forgive him anything.
  她会原谅他的任何事。
▪ [also V]
2. ~ me (for doing sth) | ~ my... used to say in a polite way that you are sorry if what you are doing or saying seems rude or silly
• 对不起；请原谅:
▪ [VN]
 »Forgive me, but I don't see that any of this concerns me.
  对不起,我就看不出这与我有啥关系。
 »Forgive my ignorance, but what exactly does the company do?
  请原谅我的无知,这家公司到底是干什么的？
 »Forgive me for interrupting, but I really don't agree with that.
  请原谅我打岔,不过我确实不同意那一点。
▪ [VN -ing]
 »Forgive my interrupting but I really don't agree with that.
  请原谅我打岔,不过我确实不同意那一点。
3. (formal) (of a bank, country, etc. 银行、国家等) to say that sb does not need to pay back money that they have borrowed
• 免除(债务):
▪ [VN]
 »The government has agreed to forgive a large part of the debt.
  政府同意免除一大部份债务。
▪ [also VNN]
【IDIOMS】
◘ sb could / might be forgiven for doing sth
• used to say that it is easy to understand why sb does or thinks sth, although they are wrong
• 某人的做法虽错却是可以理解的:
 »Looking at the crowds out shopping, you could be forgiven for thinking that everyone has plenty of money.
  见到人们成群结队地外出购物,难怪你会以为人人都很富有。
◘ forˌgive and for'get
• to stop feeling angry with sb for sth they have done to you and to behave as if it had not happened
• 不念旧恶；不记仇
sin∙cere∙ly / sinˈsiəli; NAme -ˈsirli /
◙ adv.
• in a way that shows what you really feel or think about sb / sth
• 真诚地；诚实地:
 »I sincerely believe that this is the right decision.
  我真心实意地相信这个决定是正确的。
 »'I won't let you down.' 'I sincerely hope not.'
  "我不会让你失望的。" "但愿如此。"
【IDIOMS】
◘ Yours sincerely
• (BrE) (NAmE Sincerely (yours)) (formal) used at the end of a formal letter before you sign your name, when you have addressed sb by their name
• (正式信函署名前的套语,只用于以收信人姓氏相称呼的信函)
child∙hood / ˈtʃaildhud /
◙ noun [U, C]
• the period of sb's life when they are a child
• 童年；幼年；孩童时期:
 »childhood, adolescence and adulthood
  童年、青少年及成年
 »in early childhood
  在婴幼儿时期
 »childhood memories / experiences
  童年的回忆/经历
 »She had a happy childhood.
  她有一个幸福的童年。
 »childhood cancer
  儿童癌症
【IDIOMS】
◘ a / sb's second 'childhood
• a time in the life of an adult person when they behave like a child again
• 老小孩时期；行为像小孩的晚年时期
su∙perb / su:ˈpə:b; sju:-; NAme su:ˈpə:rb /
◙ adj.
• excellent; of very good quality
• 极佳的；卓越的；质量极高的:
 »a superb player
  一名杰出的运动员
 »The car's in superb condition.
  这辆车车况极好。
 »His performance was absolutely superb.
  他的表演精彩绝伦。
 »You look superb.
  你看上去棒极了。
--› note at excellent
♦ su∙perb∙ly adv.:
 »a superbly illustrated book
  一部配有精美插图的书
 »She plays superbly.
  她演奏得好极了。
focus / ˈfəukəs; NAmE ˈfou- /
◙ verb
(-s- or
• -ss-)
1. ~ (sth) (on / upon sb / sth) to give attention, effort, etc. to six particular subject, situation or person rather than another
• 集中(注意力、精力等)于:
▪ [V]
 »The discussion focused on seven main problems.
  讨论集中在三个主要问题上。
 »Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.
  每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
▪ [VN]
 »The visit helped to focus world attention on the plight of the refugees.
  这次访问促进了全世界关注难民的困境。
2. ~ (sth) (on sb / sth) (of your eyes, a camera, etc. 眼睛、摄影机等) to adapt or be adjusted so that things can be seen clearly; to adjust sth so that you can see things clearly
• (使)调节焦距:
▪ [V]
 »Let your eyes focus on objects that are further away from you.
  睁大眼睛看清楚离你较远的物体。
 »It took a few moments for her eyes to focus in the dark.
  过了好几分钟她的眼睛才适应了黑暗。
 »In this scene, the camera focuses on the actor's face.
  在这个镜头中,摄影机对准演员的脸部。
▪ [VN]
 »He focused his blue eyes on her.
  他那蓝色的眼睛注视着她。
 »I quickly focused the camera on the children.
  我迅速把照相机的镜头对准孩子们。
3. [VN] ~ sth (on sth) (technical 术语) to aim light onto a particular point using a lens
• 集中光束(于)；聚焦(于)
◙ noun
(pl. fo∙cuses or
• foci / ˈfəusai; NAmE ˈfou- / )
1. əu, ɔ, usually sing.] ~ (for / on sth) the thing or person that people are most interested in; the act of paying special attention to sth and making people interested in it
• 中心点(指人或事物):
 »It was the main focus of attention at the meeting.
  这是会议上关注的主要焦点。
 »His comments provided a focus for debate.
  他的评论提供了辩论的重点。
 »In today's lecture the focus will be on tax structures within the European Union.
  今天讲课的重点是欧洲联盟内部的税制结构。
 »The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into sharp focus.
  这次事件使校园暴力成为焦点问题。
 »We shall maintain our focus on the needs of the customer.
  我们将继续重点关注顾客的需要。
 »What we need now is a change of focus (= to look at things in a different way).
  我们现在需要的是改变对事物的看法。
2. [U] a point or distance at which the outline of an object is clearly seen by the eye or through a lens
• (眼睛或镜头的)焦距,调焦:
 »The children's faces are badly out of focus (= not clearly shown) in the photograph.
  照片上孩子们的脸模糊不清。
 »The binoculars were not in focus (= were not showing things clearly).
  这副双筒望远镜的焦距不对。
3. (also 'focal point) [C] (physics 物) a point at which waves of light, sound, etc. meet after reflection or refraction ; the point from which waves of light, sound, etc. seem to come
• (光、声等的)焦点,中心点,源
4. [C] (geology 地) the point at which an earthquake starts to happen
• (地震的)震源
pace¹ / peis /
--› see also pace ²
◙ noun
1. [sing., U] the speed at which sb / sth walks, runs or moves
• (移动的)速度；步速:
 »to set off at a steady / gentle / leisurely pace
  以稳定的/徐缓的/悠闲的步子出发
 »Congestion frequently reduces traffic to walking pace.
  交通阻塞经常把车流的速度降低得如步行一般缓慢。
 »The ball gathered pace as it rolled down the hill.
  随着球向山下滚动,它的速度越来越快。
 »The runners have noticeably quickened their pace.
  赛跑者明显加快了脚步。
2. [sing., U] ~ (of sth) the speed at which sth happens
• 发生的速度；步伐；节奏:
 »It is difficult to keep up with the rapid pace of change.
  跟上迅速的变化步伐是很困难的。
 »We encourage all students to work at their own pace (= as fast or as slow as they can).
  我们鼓励学生都按自己的节奏学习。
 »I prefer the relaxed pace of life in the country.
  我喜爱乡间那悠闲的生活节奏。
 »Rumours of corruption and scandal gathered pace (= increased in number).
  腐化堕落的传闻日益增多。
3. [C] an act of stepping once when walking or running; the distance travelled when doing this
• (走或跑时)迈出的一步,一步的距离；步幅
【SYN】 step :
 »She took two paces forward.
  她向前走了两步。
4. [U] the fact of sth happening, changing, etc. quickly
• 迅速出现(或变化等)；快节奏:
 »He gave up his job in advertising because he couldn't stand the pace.
  他辞去了广告业的工作,因为他承受不了那种快节奏。
 »The novel lacks pace (= it develops too slowly).
  这部小说缺乏节奏感。
--› see also pacy
【IDIOMS】
◘ go through your 'paces | ◘ show your 'paces
• to perform a particular activity in order to show other people what you are capable of doing
• 展示自己的能力
◘ keep 'pace (with sb / sth)
• to move, increase, change, etc. at the same speed as sb / sth
• (与…)并驾齐驱；(与…)步调一致:
 »She found it hard to keep pace with him as he strode off.
  他大步走开了,她感到很难跟上他。
 »Until now, wage increases have always kept pace with inflation.
  到目前为止,工资的增长与通货膨胀始终保持同步。
◘ off the 'pace
(in sport 体育运动)
• behind the leader or the leading group in a race or a competition
• (赛跑或比赛中)在领头人之后,在领头队之后:
 »Tiger Woods is still three shots off the pace (= in golf ).
  泰格 · 伍兹仍落后领先选手三杆。
◘ put sb / sth through their / its 'paces
• to give sb / sth a number of tasks to perform in order to see what they are capable of doing
• 考察,考验(某人的能力)
◘ set the 'pace
1. to do sth at a particular speed or to a particular standard so that other people are then forced to copy it if they want to be successful
• 确定速度；确立标准；领先:
 »The company is no longer setting the pace in the home computer market.
  这家公司再也不能在国内计算机市场上独领风骚了。
2. (in a race 跑步比赛) to run faster than the other people taking part, at a speed that they then try to copy
• 领跑
--› more at force v., snail
◙ verb
1. to walk up and down in a small area many times, especially because you are feeling nervous or angry
• 来回踱步；走来走去
▪ [V +adv. / prep.]
 »She paced up and down outside the room.
  她在屋子外面来回走着。
▪ [VN]
 »Ted paced the floor restlessly.
  特德焦躁地在屋里走来走去。
2. [VN] to set the speed at which sth happens or develops
• 确定速度；调整节奏:
 »He paced his game skilfully.
  他巧妙地控制着自己的比赛节奏。
3. [VN] ~ yourself to find the right speed or rhythm for your work or an activity so that you have enough energy to do what you have to do
• 调整自己的工作(或活动)节奏:
 »He'll have to learn to pace himself in this job.
  他必须学会使自己适应这项工作的节奏。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌpace sth∽'off / 'out
• to measure the size of sth by walking across it with regular steps
• 以步丈量
◙ pace² / ˈpɑ:kei; ˈpɑ:tʃei; ˈpeisi / prep.
• (from Latin, formal) used before a person's name to express polite disagreement with what they have said
• (用于人名前,委婉提出不同意见)请…原谅:
 »The evidence suggests, pace Professor Jones, that... (= Professor Jones has a different opinion).
  请琼斯教授原谅,证据表明…
--› see also pace ¹
man∙ner / ˈmænə(r) /
◙ noun
1. [sing.] (formal) the way that sth is done or happens
• 方式；方法:
 »She answered in a businesslike manner.
  她回答时显出一副公事公办的样子。
 »The manner in which the decision was announced was extremely regrettable.
  宣布决定的方式非常令人遗憾。
2. [sing.] the way that sb behaves and speaks towards other people
• 举止；态度:
 »to have an aggressive / a friendly / a relaxed manner
  带着一副咄咄逼人的/友好的/悠闲的样子
 »His manner was polite but cool.
• 他举止彬彬有礼而又冷漠。
—see also bedside manner
3. manners [pl.] behaviour that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture
• 礼貌；礼仪:
 »to have good / bad manners
  有/没有礼貌
 »It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.
  嘴里塞满了东西跟人说话是不礼貌的。
 »He has no manners (= behaves very badly).
  他毫无礼貌。
--› see also table manners
4. manners [pl.] (formal) the habits and customs of a particular group of people
• 规矩；习俗:
 »the social morals and manners of the seventeenth century
  十七世纪的社会道德和习俗
【IDIOMS】
◘ all 'manner of sb / sth
• many different types of people or things
• 各种各样的人(或事)；形形色色的人(或事):
 »The problem can be solved in all manner of ways.
  这个问题可以用各种方法加以解决。
◘ in a manner of 'speaking
• if you think about it in a particular way; true in some but not all ways
• 可以说；不妨说；从某种意义上说:
 »All these points of view are related, in a manner of speaking.
  所有这些观点都在某方面相互关联。
◘ in the manner of sb / sth
•(formal) in a style that is typical of sb / sth
• 以某人(或某物)的典型风格:
 »a painting in the manner of Raphael
  拉斐尔风格的绘画
◘ (as / as if) to the manner 'born
•(formal) as if sth is natural for you and you have done it many times in the past
• 彷佛天生的；生来就习惯的
◘ what manner of...
•(formal or literary) what kind of...
• 什么样的…:
 »What manner of man could do such a terrible thing?
  究竟什么人能做出这样可怕的事呢？
hor∙rible / ˈhɔrəbl; NAme ˈhɔ:r-; ˈhɑ:r- /
◙ adj.
1. (informal) very bad or unpleasant; used to describe sth that you do not like
• 极坏的；十分讨厌的；可恶的:
 »horrible weather / children / shoes
  糟透了的天气/孩子/鞋
 »The coffee tasted horrible.
  这种咖啡难喝极了。
 »I've got a horrible feeling she lied to us.
  我感觉到很不愉快,她对我们说了谎。
--› note at terrible
2. making you feel very shocked and frightened
• 令人震惊的；恐怖的
【SYN】 terrible :
 »a horrible crime / nightmare
  骇人听闻的罪行；可怕的噩梦
3. (informal) (of people or their behaviour 人或行为) unfriendly, unpleasant or unkind
• 不友善的；讨厌的；不厚道的
【SYN】 nasty , obnoxious :
 »a horrible man
  讨厌的人
 »My sister was being horrible to me all day.
  我姐姐一整天都对我很凶。
 »What a horrible thing to say!
  讲这话太不近人情啦！
♦ hor∙ribly / -əbli / adv.:
 »It was horribly painful.
  疼极了。
 »The experiment went horribly wrong.
  实验弄得一塌糊涂。
guilty / ˈɡilti /
◙ adj.
(guilt∙ier, guilti∙est)
【HELP】More guilty and most guilty are more common.
• * more guilty 和 most guilty 更常见。
1. ~ (about sth) feeling ashamed because you have done sth that you know is wrong or have not done sth that you should have done
• 感到内疚的；感到惭愧的:
 »I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.
  我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
 »John had a guilty look on his face.
  约翰脸上显出惭愧的表情。
 »I had a guilty conscience and could not sleep.
  我问心有愧,睡不着觉。
2. ~ (of sth) having done sth illegal; being responsible for sth bad that has happened
• 犯了罪；有过失的；有罪责的:
 »The jury found the defendant not guilty of the offence.
  陪审团裁决被告无罪。
 »He pleaded guilty to murder.
  他承认犯有谋杀罪。
 »the guilty party (= the person responsible for sth bad happening)
  有罪的一方当事人
 »We've all been guilty of selfishness at some time in our lives.
  我们每个人一生中都有过自私自利的过失。
【OPP】 innocent
♦ guilt∙ily / -ili / adv.
【IDIOMS】
◘ a guilty 'secret
• a secret that sb feels ashamed about
• 见不得人的秘密
cruel / kru:əl /
◙ adj. (cruel∙ler, cruel∙lest)
1. ~ (to sb / sth) having a desire to cause pain and suffering
• 残酷的；冷酷的；残忍的；残暴的:
 »a cruel dictator
  残暴的独裁者
 »I can't stand people who are cruel to animals.
  我无法容忍虐待动物的人。
 »Her eyes were cruel and hard.
  她目光冷酷。
 »Sometimes you have to be cruel to be kind (= make sb suffer because it will be good for them later).
  有时候为了某人好你就得对他狠。
【OPP】 kind
2. causing pain or suffering
• 引起痛苦的:
 »a cruel punishment / joke
  残酷的惩罚；挖苦人的笑话
 »Her father's death was a cruel blow.
  父亲去世对她是一大打击。
♦ cruel∙ly / ˈkru:əli / adv.:
 »The dog had been cruelly treated.
  那条狗一直受虐待。
 »I was cruelly deceived.
  我被骗得惨透了。
re∙mark / riˈmɑ:k; NAme -ˈmɑ:rk /
◙ noun
1. [C] something that you say or write which expresses an opinion, a thought, etc. about sb / sth
• 谈论；言论；评述
【SYN】 comment :
 »to make a remark
  发表评论
 »He made a number of rude remarks about the food.
  关于这里的食物他说了许多无礼的评论。
 »What exactly did you mean by that last remark?
  你最后那句话究竟是什么意思？
--› note at statement
2. [U] (old-fashioned or formal) the quality of being important or interesting enough to be noticed
• 引人注目；显耀
【SYN】 note :
 »The exhibition contains nothing that is worthy of remark.
  这次展览没有任何值得看的东西。
◙ verb
• ~ (on / upon sth / sb) | ~ (how...) to say or write a comment about sth / sb
• 说起；谈论；评论
【SYN】 comment :
▪ [V]
 »The judges remarked on the high standard of entries for the competition.
  评委们说明了参赛的高标准。
 »She remarked how tired I was looking.
  她说我看上去显得特别累。
▪ [V speech]
 »'It's much colder than yesterday,' he remarked casually.
  "今天比昨天冷多了。"他漫不经心地说。
▪ [V that]
 »Critics remarked that the play was not original.
  评论家们指出这部戏剧缺乏创意。
▪ [VN]
 »The similarities between the two have often been remarked on.
  人们经常谈到两者的相似之处。
【HELP】This pattern is only used in the passive and on must be included.
• 此句型仅用于被动语态,而且 on 不可省略。

--› note at comment
dis∙like / disˈlaik /
◙ verb
• (rather formal) to not like sb / sth
• 不喜爱；厌恶:
▪ [VN]
 »Why do you dislike him so much?
  你为什么那么讨厌他呢？
 »He disliked it when she behaved badly in front of his mother.
  他讨厌她在他母亲面前举止失当。
▪ [V -ing]
 »I dislike being away from my family.
  我不喜欢同家人分开。
 »Much as she disliked going to funerals (= although she did not like it at all), she knew she had to be there.
  尽管她很不喜欢参加葬礼,但她知道她必须去。
▪ [VN -ing]
 »He disliked her staying away from home.
  他不愿意让她住在外面。
--› note at hate
【OPP】 like
◙ noun
1. [U, sing.] ~ (of / for sb / sth) a feeling of not liking sb / sth
• 不喜爱；厌恶；反感:
 »He did not try to hide his dislike of his boss.
  他没有掩饰自己对上司的反感。
 »She took an instant dislike to the house and the neighbourhood.
  她一下子就对房子以及邻近地区产生了反感。
2. [C, usually pl.] a thing that you do not like
• 不喜欢的事物；讨厌的事物:
 »I've told you all my likes and dislikes.
  我喜欢什么,不喜欢什么,都对你说了。
argue / ˈɑ:ɡju:; NAmE ˈɑ:rɡ- /
◙ verb
1. [V] ~ (with sb) (about / over sth) to speak angrily to sb because you disagree with them
• 争论；争吵；争辩:
 »My brothers are always arguing.
  我的兄弟们总是争论不休。
 »We're always arguing with each other about money.
  我们总是为钱吵嘴。
 »I don't want to argue with you—just do it!
  我不想和你争辩——请干吧！
2. ~ (for / against sth) | ~ (for / against doing sth) to give reasons why you think that sth is right / wrong, true / not true, etc., especially to persuade people that you are right
• 论证；说理；争辩:
▪ [V]
 »They argued for the right to strike.
  他们据理力争罢工权利。
▪ [VN]
 »She argued the case for bringing back the death penalty.
  她为恢复死刑的主张提供论据。
 »He was too tired to argue the point (= discuss the matter).
  他太倦了,不想讨论这个问题。
 »a well-argued article
  凿凿有据的文章
▪ [V that]
 »He argued that they needed more time to finish the project.
  他提出理由说明他们需要更多的时间来完成该项目。
▪ [VN that]
 »It could be argued that laws are made by and for men.
  法律由人并为人制订的这一点颇有道理。
▪ [also V wh-]
3. [VN] (formal) to show clearly that sth exists or is true
• 证明；表明:
 »These latest developments argue a change in government policy.
  最近的事态发展表明政府改变了政策。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌargue the 'toss
(BrE, informal)
• to continue to disagree about a decision, especially when it is too late to change it or it is not very important
• (对决定)徒然反对,作无谓的争执
【PHR V】
◘ ˌargue sb 'into / 'out of doing sth
• to persuade sb to do / not do sth by giving them reasons
• 说服(某人)做/不做(某事):
 »They argued him into withdrawing his complaint.
  他们说服他撤回了投诉。
◘ 'argue with sth (usually used in negative sentences 通常用于否定句) (informal)
• to disagree with a statement
• 不同意(说法)；不承认(表述):
 »He's a really successful man—you can't argue with that.
  他是一个真正成功的人——你不得不承认这个事实。
awk∙ward / ˈɔ:kwəd; NAmE -wərd /
◙ adj.
1. making you feel embarrassed
• 令人尴尬的；使人难堪的:
 »There was an awkward silence.
  一阵令人尴尬的沉默。
2. difficult to deal with
• 难对付的；难处理的
【SYN】 difficult :
 »Don't ask awkward questions.
  不要问棘手的问题。
 »You've put me in an awkward position.
  你使得我狼狈不堪。
 »an awkward customer (= a person who is difficult to deal with)
  难对付的家伙
 »Please don't be awkward about letting him come.
  关于让他来这事请你不要作梗。
3. not convenient
• 不方便的
【SYN】 inconvenient :
 »Have I come at an awkward time?
  我来得不是时候吧？
4. difficult or dangerous because of its shape or design
• (因形状、设计而)产生困难的,危险的:
 »This box is very awkward for six person to carry.
  这只箱子一个人很不好搬。
5. not moving in an easy way; not comfortable
• (动作)笨拙的；不舒适的:
 »He tried to dance, but he was too clumsy and awkward.
  他试着跳舞,但是太笨拙,太别扭。
 »I must have slept in an awkward position—I'm aching all over.
  我肯定睡的姿势不舒适——我全身疼痛。
♦ awk∙ward∙ly adv.:
 »'I'm sorry,' he said awkwardly.
  "对不起。"他局促不安地说。
 »She fell awkwardly and broke her ankle.
  她笨重地摔了一跤,摔断了踝关节。
 »an awkwardly shaped room
  形状别扭的房间
♦ awk∙ward∙ness noun [U] :
 »She laughed to cover up her feeling of awkwardness.
  她用笑声掩饰她的难堪。
apolo∙gize (BrE also -ise) / əˈpɔlədʒaiz; NAmE əˈpɑ:l- /
◙ verb [V]
• ~ (to sb) (for sth) to say that you are sorry for doing sth wrong or causing a problem
• 道歉；谢罪:
 »Why should I apologize?
  我为什么要道歉？
 »Go and apologize to her.
  去给她赔不是。
 »We apologize for the late departure of this flight.
  本航班延误离境,谨致歉意。
quar∙rel / ˈkwɔrəl; NAme ˈkwɔ:r-; ˈkwɑ:r- /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (with sb / between A and B) (about / over sth) an angry argument or disagreement between people, often about a personal matter
• 口角；争吵；拌嘴:
 »a family quarrel
  家庭纷争
 »He did not mention the quarrel with his wife.
  他没有提起和妻子的争吵。
 »They had a quarrel about money.
  他们为钱吵了一架。
 »Were you at any time aware of a quarrel between the two of them?
  你什么时候注意到他俩拌过嘴吗？
2. [U] ~ (with sb / sth) (especially in negative sentences 尤用于否定句) a reason for complaining about sb / sth or for disagreeing with sb / sth
• 抱怨(或不赞成)的理由:
 »We have no quarrel with his methods.
  我们没有理由不赞成他的方法。
【IDIOMS】
--› see pick v.
◙ verb
(-ll-, US -l-)
• [V] ~ (with sb) (about / over sth) to have an angry argument or disagreement
• 争吵；吵嘴；吵架:
 »My sister and I used to quarrel all the time.
  我和妹妹过去老是吵架。
 »She quarrelled with her brother over their father's will.
  她和弟弟因父亲遗嘱的事起了争执。
【PHR V】
◘ 'quarrel with sb / sth
• to disagree with sb / sth
• 不赞同；反对:
 »Nobody could quarrel with your conclusions.
  你的结论无可辩驳。
sen∙si∙tive / ˈsensətiv /
◙ adj.
›› TO PEOPLE'S FEELINGS 对他人的感情
1. ~ (to sth) aware of and able to understand other people and their feelings
• 体贴的；体恤的；善解人意的:
 »a sensitive and caring man
  体贴的男人
 »She is very sensitive to other people's feelings.
  她很能体谅他人的感情。
【OPP】 insensitive
›› TO ART / MUSIC / LITERATURE 对艺术/音乐/文学
2. able to understand art, music and literature and to express yourself through them
• 感觉敏锐的；艺术感觉好的；有悟性的:
 »an actor's sensitive reading of the poem
  演员对那首诗富有表现力的朗诵
 »a sensitive portrait
  栩栩如生的画像
›› EASILY UPSET 容易生气
3. ~ (about / to sth) easily offended or upset
• 易生气的；易被惹恼的；神经过敏的:
 »You're far too sensitive.
  你也太敏感了。
 »He's very sensitive about his weight.
  他很忌讳别人说他胖。
 »She's very sensitive to criticism.
  她一听批评就急。
【OPP】 insensitive
›› INFORMATION / SUBJECT 信息；话题
4. that you have to treat with great care because it may offend people or make them angry
• 须谨慎对待的；敏感的:
 »Health care is a politically sensitive issue.
  医疗衞生是政界的一个敏感问题。
›› TO COLD / LIGHT / FOOD, ETC. 对低温、光、食物等
5. ~ (to sth) reacting quickly or more than usual to sth
• 敏感的；过敏的:
 »sensitive areas of the body
  身体的敏感区
 »My teeth are very sensitive to cold food.
  我的牙齿对冷食过敏。
【OPP】 insensitive
›› TO SMALL CHANGES 对细微变化
6. ~ (to sth) able to measure very small changes
• 灵敏的:
 »a sensitive instrument
  灵敏的仪器
 »(figurative) The Stock Exchange is very sensitive to political change.
  证券市场对政局变化非常敏感。
【OPP】 insensitive
♦ sen∙si∙tive∙ly adv.:
 »She handled the matter sensitively.
  她谨慎细致地处理了那件事情。
 »He writes sensitively.
  他文笔细腻。
【IDIOMS】
--› see nerve n.
ath∙let∙ic / æθˈletik /
◙ adj.
1. physically strong, fit and active
• 健壮的:
 »an athletic figure / build
  健壮的体形/体格
 »a tall, slim athletic girl
  修长健美的姑娘
2. [only before noun] (BrE) connected with sports such as running, jumping and throwing (= athletics )
• 体育运动的；田径运动的:
 »an athletic club / coach
  运动员俱乐部/教练
♦ ath∙let∙ical∙ly / -ikli / adv.
♦ ath∙leti∙cism / æθˈletisizəm / noun [U] :
 »She moved with great athleticism about the court.
  她在球场上矫健地奔跑活动。
envy / ˈenvi /
◙ noun [U]
• ~ (of sb) | ~ (at / of sth) the feeling of wanting to be in the same situation as sb else; the feeling of wanting sth that sb else has
• 羡慕；忌妒:
 »He couldn't conceal his envy of me.
  他掩饰不住对我的忌妒。
 »She felt a pang of envy at the thought of his success.
  她想到他的成功便感到一阵忌妒的痛苦。
 »They looked with envy at her latest purchase.
  他们羡慕她最近买到的东西。
 »Her colleagues were green with envy (= they had very strong feelings of envy ).
  她的同事都非常眼红。
【IDIOMS】
◘ be the envy of sb / sth
• to be a person or thing that other people admire and that causes feelings of envy
• 成为羡慕(或忌妒)的对象；成为羡慕(或忌妒)的东西:
 »British television is the envy of the world.
  英国电视节目令世人羡慕。
--› see also enviable , envious
◙ verb (en∙vies, envy∙ing, en∙vied, en∙vied)
1. to wish you had the same qualities, possessions, opportunities, etc. as sb else
• 羡慕；忌妒:
▪ [VN]
 »He envied her—she seemed to have everything she could possibly want.
  他羡慕她——她似乎要什么有什么。
 »She has always envied my success.
  她一直忌妒我的成功。
▪ [VNN]
 »I envied him his good looks.
  我羡慕他的英俊。
▪ [VN -ing]
 »I envy you having such a close family.
  我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。
2. not ~ sb (sth) to be glad that you do not have to do what sb else has to do
• 庆幸不必做别人非做不可的事:
▪ [VN]
 »It's a difficult situation you're in. I don't envy you.
  你的处境很困难。我不会羡慕你。
▪ [VNN]
 »I don't envy her that job.
  我不羡慕她有那份工作。
blame / bleim /
◙ verb [VN]
• ~ sb / sth (for sth) | ~ sth on sb / sth to think or say that sb / sth is responsible for sth bad
• 把…归于；责怪；指责:
 »She doesn't blame anyone for her father's death.
  她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。
 »A dropped cigarette is being blamed for the fire.
  一根乱扔的烟被指为引起这场火灾的罪魁祸首。
 »Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.
  ?警方把事故原因归于危险驾驶。
【IDIOMS】
◘ be to blame (for sth)
• to be responsible for sth bad
• 对(坏事)负有责任:
 »If anyone's to blame, it's me.
  如果有人该承担责任,那就是我。
 »Which driver was to blame for the accident?
  哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？
◘ don't blame 'me
• (informal) used to advise sb not to do sth, when you think they will do it despite your advice
• (劝阻别人时说)别怪我:
 »Call her if you like, but don't blame me if she's angry.
  你想给她打电话就打吧,不过要是她生气就别怪我。
◘ I don't 'blame you / her, etc. (for doing sth)
• (informal) used to say that you think that what sb did was reasonable and the right thing to do
• 我不怪你(或她等)；你(或她等)的做法是可以理解的:
 »'I just slammed the phone down when he said that.' 'I don't blame you!'
  "他一说那话我就啪地一下挂了电话。" "你做得对！"
◘ only have yourself to 'blame
• used to say that you think sth is sb's own fault
• 只能怪你自己；是你自己的错:
 »If you lose your job, you'll only have yourself to blame.
  如果你丢掉了工作,你只能责怪你自己。
◙ noun [U]
• ~ (for sth) responsibility for doing sth badly or wrongly; saying that sb is responsible for sth
• (坏事或错事的)责任；责备；指责:
 »to lay / put the blame for sth on sb
  把某事归于某人 The government will have to take the blame for the riots.
• 政府将不得不对骚乱承担责任。
 »Why do I always get the blame for everything that goes wrong?
  为什么出了事总是让我背黑锅？
--› compare credit n. (7)
gift∙ed / ˈɡiftid /
◙ adj.
1. having a lot of natural ability or intelligence
• 有天才的；有天赋的；天资聪慧的:
 »a gifted musician / player, etc.
  天才的音乐家、运动员等
 »gifted children
  天资聪慧的孩子
2. ~ with sth having sth pleasant
• 具有(令人愉快的东西):
 »He was gifted with a charming smile.
  他有一副迷人的微笑。
dis∙agree∙ment / ˌdisəˈɡri:mənt /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] ~ (about / on / over / as to sth) | ~ (among...) | ~ between A and B a situation where people have different opinions about sth and often argue
• 意见不一；分歧；争论:
 »Disagreement arose about exactly how to plan the show.
  在如何拟定具体演出计划的问题上出现了分歧。
 »disagreement on the method to be used
  在要采用的方法上的争论
 »There is considerable disagreement over the safety of the treatment.
  这种疗法是否安全争论很大。
 »It was a source of disagreement between the ten states.
  这就是两国纷争的一个原因。
 »There is disagreement among archaeologists as to the age of the sculpture.
  考古学家在这尊雕塑的年代问题上意见不一。
 »They have had several disagreements with their neighbours.
  他们与邻居发生过好几次争吵。
【OPP】 agreement
2. [U, C] ~ between A and B a difference between ten things that should be the same
• 不符；不一致:
 »The comparison shows considerable disagreement between theory and practice.
  这一对比表明理论和实践之间有相当大的分歧。
mail∙box / ˈmeilbɔks; NAme -bɑ:ks /
◙ noun
1. (NAmE) = letter box (2)
2. (NAmE) = postbox
3. the area of a computer's memory where email messages are stored
• 电子邮箱,信箱区(计算机的电邮存贮区)
al∙ge∙bra / ˈældʒibrə /
◙ noun [U]
• a type of mathematics in which letters and symbols are used to represent quantities
• 代数
♦ al∙ge∙bra∙ic / ˌældʒiˈbreiik / adj.
arith∙met∙ic / əˈriθmətik /
◙ noun [U]
1. the type of mathematics that deals with the adding, multiplying, etc. of numbers
• 算术:
 »He's not very good at arithmetic.
  他不太擅长算术。
2. sums involving the adding, multiplying, etc. of numbers
• 算术运算；四则运算:
 »a quick bit of mental arithmetic
  快速心算
 »I think there's something wrong with your arithmetic.
  我认为你的计算有错。
Easter / ˈi:stə(r) /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] (also ˌəaster 'Day, ˌəaster 'Sunday) (in the ɔhristian religion) a Sunday in March or æpril when ɔhristians remember the death of ɔhrist and his return to life
• 复活节(纪念耶稣复活,在三月或四月的一个星期日)
2. (also East∙er∙time) the period that includes Easter Day and the days close to it
• 复活节期间:
 »the Easter holidays / vacation
  复活节假期
amuse∙ment / əˈmju:zmənt /
◙ noun
1. [U] the feeling that you have when sth is funny or amusing, or it entertains you
• 可笑；愉悦；娱乐:
 »She could not hide her amusement at the way he was dancing.
  她见他跳舞的姿势,不禁笑出声来。
 »To my amusement he couldn't get the door open.
  使我感到好笑的是,他竟然打不开门。
 »Her eyes twinkled with amusement.
  她的眼睛闪耀着愉悦的光芒。
2. [C, usually pl.] a game, an activity, etc. that provides entertainment and pleasure
• 娱乐活动；游戏；消遣活动:
 »traditional seaside amusements including boats, go-karts and a funfair
  包括乘船、微型单座赛车和露天游乐场的传统海滨娱乐活动
a'musement park
◙ noun
• a large park which has a lot of things that you can ride and play on and many different activities to enjoy
• 游乐场；娱乐园
cir∙cus / ˈsə:kəs; NAmE ˈsə:rkəs /
◙ noun
1. [C] a group of entertainers, sometimes with trained animals, who perform skilful or amusing acts in a show that travels around to different places
• 马戏团
2. the circus [sing.] a show performed by circus entertainers, usually in a large tent called a big top
• 马戏表演(常在大帐篷里进行):
 »We took the children to the circus.
  我们带孩子去看了马戏表演。
3. [sing.] (informal, disapproving) a group of people or an event that attracts a lot of attention
• 引人注意的人(或事)；热闹场面:
 »A media circus surrounded the royal couple wherever they went.
  无论王室夫妇走到何处,他们的身后都会跟着一大群媒体记者。
 »the American electoral circus
  美国选举的热闹场面
4. [C] (BrE) (used in some place names) a round open area in a town where several streets meet
• (用于某些地名)圆形广场,环形交叉路口:
 »Piccadilly Circus
  皮卡迪利广场
5. [C] (in ancient Rome 古罗马) a place like a big round outdoor theatre for public games, races, etc.
• 露天圆形竞技场
on∙line / ˌɔnˈlain; NAme ˌɑ:n-; ˌɔ:n- /
◙ adj.
• controlled by or connected to a computer or to the Internet
• 在线的；联网的；联机的:
 »Online shopping is both cheap and convenient.
  网上购物既便宜又方便。
 »an online database
  在线数据库
♦ on∙line adv.:
 »The majority of small businesses now do their banking online.
  大多数小企业现在都在网上办理银行业务。
--› see also be, come, etc. on line at line n.
iden∙tity / aiˈdentəti /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [C, U] (abbr. ID) who or what sb / sth is
• 身分；本身；本体:
 »The police are trying to discover the identity of the killer.
  警方正努力调查杀人凶手的身分。
 »Their identities were kept secret.
  他们的身分保密。
 »She is innocent; it was a case of mistaken identity.
  她是无辜的；那是身分判断错误。
 »Do you have any proof of identity?
  你有身分证明吗？
 »The thief used a false identity.
  窃贼使用的是假身分。
 »She went through an identity crisis in her teens (= was not sure of who she was or of her place in society).
  她在十多岁时经历了一次自我认同的危机。
2. [C, U] the characteristics, feelings or beliefs that distinguish people from others
• 特征；特有的感觉(或信仰):
 »a sense of national / cultural / personal / group identity
  民族/文化/个人/群体特性的认同感
 »a plan to strengthen the corporate identity of the company
  加强公司的企业形象的计划
3. [U] ~ (with sb / sth) | ~ (between A and B) the state or feeling of being very similar to and able to understand sb / sth
• 同一性；相同；一致:
 »an identity of interests
  利益一致
 »There's a close identity between fans and their team.
  球迷和他们的球队之间有密切的同一性。
ab∙surd / əbˈsə:d; NAmE əbˈsə:rd /
◙ adj.
1. completely ridiculous; not logical and sensible
• 荒谬的；荒唐的；怪诞不经的
【SYN】 ridiculous :
 »That uniform makes the guards look absurd.
  警衞们穿着那种制服看起来怪模怪样的。
 »Of course it's not true, what an absurd idea.
  那当然不合乎事实,这个想法太荒唐了！
2. the absurd noun [sing.] things that are or that seem to be absurd
• 荒诞的事物；悖理的东西:
 »He has a good sense of the absurd.
  他对荒诞事物有较强的识别能力。
♦ ab∙surd∙ity noun [U, C] (pl. -ties) :
 »It was only later that she could see the absurdity of the situation.
  要到后来她才看出了那种局面的荒唐。
♦ ab∙surd∙ly adv.
【SYN】 ridiculously :
 »The paintings were sold for absurdly high prices.
  那些画以高得出奇的价格售出。
hope∙less / ˈhəupləs; NAme ˈhoup- /
◙ adj.
1. if sth is hopeless, there is no hope that it will get better or succeed
• 没有好转(或成功)希望的；无望的:
 »a hopeless situation
  无可挽救的局势
 »It's hopeless trying to convince her.
  想说服她简直是徒劳。
 »Most of the students are making good progress, but Michael is a hopeless case.
  大多数学生都很有进步,唯有迈克尔不可救药。
 »He felt that his life was a hopeless mess.
  他觉得他生活得狼狈不堪。
2. (BrE, informal) extremely bad
• 极差的；糟糕透顶的
【SYN】 terrible :
 »The buses are absolutely hopeless these days!
  如今的公共汽车简直糟透了。
3. ~ (at sth) (especially BrE) (of people 人) very bad (at sth); with no ability or skill
• 不能胜任的；无能的；缺乏技能的
【SYN】 terrible :
 »a hopeless driver
  无用的司机
 »I'm hopeless at science.
  我对理科一窍不通。
4. feeling or showing no hope
• 感到(或显得)无望的:
 »She felt lonely and hopeless.
  她感到孤独绝望。
♦ hope∙less∙ly adv.:
 »hopelessly outnumbered
  数量上被远远超过
 »They were hopelessly lost.
  他们彻底失败了。
 »to be hopelessly in love
  爱得不能自拔
 »'I'll never manage it,' he said hopelessly.
  "我永远也搞不定。"他绝望地说。
♦ hope∙less∙ness noun [U] :
 »a sense / feeling of hopelessness
  绝望感
over∙come / ˌəuvəˈkʌm; NAme ˌouvərˈkʌm /
◙ verb
(over∙came / -ˈkeim / over∙come)
▪ [VN]
1. to succeed in dealing with or controlling a problem that has been preventing you from achieving sth
• 克服；解决:
 »She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
  她战胜了伤痛,赢得了奥运会金牌。
 »The ten parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue.
  两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。
2. to defeat sb
• 战胜:
 »In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.
  在决赛中,瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
3. [usually passive] to be extremely strongly affected by sth
• 受到…的极大影响
【SYN】 overwhelm :
 »Her parents were overcome with grief at the funeral.
  在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。
 »The dead woman had been overcome by smoke.
  这个女人是被烟呛死的。
ac∙quaint∙ance / əˈkweintəns /
◙ noun
1. [C] a person that you know but who is not a close friend
• 认识的人；泛泛之交；熟人:
 »Claire has a wide circle of friends and acquaintances.
  克莱尔交游很广。
 »He's just a business acquaintance.
  他只是业务上认识的人。
2. [U, C] ~ (with sb) (formal) slight friendship
• (与某人)认识,略有交情:
 »He hoped their acquaintance would develop further.
  他希望他们的交情会进一步发展。
3. [U, C] ~ with sth (formal) knowledge of sth
• (对某事物的)了解:
 »I had little acquaintance with modern poetry.
  我对现代诗所知甚少。
【IDIOMS】
◘ make sb's acquaintance | ◘ make the acquaintance of sb
•(formal) to meet sb for the first time
• 与某人初次相见；结识某人:
 »I am delighted to make your acquaintance, Mrs Baker.
  贝克太太,我很高兴与您相识。
 »I made the acquaintance of several musicians around that time.
  大约在那段时间,我结识了几位音乐家。
◘ of your ac'quaintance
•(formal) that you know
• 所认识的；所了解的:
 »No six else of my acquaintance was as rich or successful.
  我所认识的人当中,没有其他人如此富有或者成功。
◘ on first ac'quaintance
•(formal) when you first meet sb
• 初次相见时:
 »Even on first acquaintance it was clear that he was not 'the right type'.
  初次见面就看出他显然不是"对路子的人"。
--› more at nod v.
◙ verb (-nn-) [VN] ~ sth (with sth)
1. [usually passive] to make a close relationship between ten towns or areas
• 使结成姊妹城市；使结成友好地区:
 »Oxford is twinned with Bonn in Germany.
  牛津和德国的波恩结成了友好城市。
2. to join ten people or things closely together
• 使(两人或两事物)紧密结合；使偶合；使相连:
 »The opera twins the themes of love and death.
  这出歌剧把爱与死的主题紧密结合在一起。
◙ adj. [only before noun]
1. used to describe six of a pair of children who are twins
• 孪生之一的；双胞胎之一的:
 »twin boys / girls
  孪生男孩/女孩
 »a twin brother / sister
  孪生兄弟/姐妹中的一个
2. used to describe ten things that are used as a pair
• 成对的；成双的:
 »a ship with twin propellers
  有双螺旋桨的船
3. used to describe ten things that are connected, or present or happening at the same time
• 双重的；双联的；两个同时发生的:
 »The prison service has the twin goals of punishment and rehabilitation.
  监狱有惩罚和改造双重目的。
apart∙ment / əˈpɑ:tmənt; NAmE əˈpɑ:rt- /
◙ noun
1. (especially NAmE) a set of rooms for living in, usually on six floor of a building
• (通常指在同一楼层的)公寓套房
--› compare condominium , flat n. (1)
2. a set of rooms used for a holiday / vacation
• (度假用的)公寓套房:
 »self-catering holiday apartments
  自己开伙的度假租房
3. [usually pl.] (BrE) a room in a house, especially a large or famous house
• (尤指巨屋、名宅的)房间:
 »You can visit the whole palace except for the private apartments.
  整座宫殿除内殿外均可参观。
topic / ˈtɔpik; NAme ˈtɑ:p- /
◙ noun
• a subject that you talk, write or learn about
• 话题；题目；标题:
 »The main topic of conversation was Tom's new girlfriend.
  交谈的主要话题是汤姆的新女友。
 »The article covered a wide range of topics.
  这篇文章讨论了一系列广泛的论题。
at∙ti∙tude / ˈætitju:d; NAmE ˈætitu:d /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (to / towards sb / sth) the way that you think and feel about sb / sth; the way that you behave towards sb / sth that shows how you think and feel
• 态度；看法:
 »changes in public attitudes to marriage
  公众对婚姻的看法的转变
 »the government's attitude towards single parents
  政府对单亲的看法
 »to have a good / bad / positive / negative attitude towards sb / sth
  对某人(或事物)持好的/坏的/肯定的/否定的态度
 »Youth is simply an attitude of mind.
  青春仅仅是心态问题。
 »If you want to pass your exams you'd better change your attitude!
  你若想通过考试就最好改变你的态度！
 »You're taking a pretty selfish attitude over this, aren't you?
  你对这个问题的看法相当自私,对不对？
 »A lot of drivers have a serious attitude problem (= they do not behave in a way that is acceptable to other people).
  许多驾车者有一种严重的动辄发火倾向。
2. [U] confident, sometimes aggressive behaviour that shows you do not care about other people's opinions and that you want to do things in an individual way
• 我行我素的作派:
 »a band with attitude
  一味只顾自我陶醉的乐队
 »You'd better get rid of that attitude and shape up, young man.
  年轻人,你最好改掉那种态度,学学好。
3. [C] (formal) a position of the body
• 姿势:
 »Her hands were folded in an attitude of prayer.
  她双手合拢成祈祷姿势。
【IDIOMS】
--› see strike v.
an∙chor / ˈæŋkə(r) /
◙ noun
1. a heavy metal object that is attached to a rope or chain and dropped over the side of a ship or boat to keep it in one place
• 锚:
 »to drop anchor
  抛锚
 »The ship lay at anchor two miles off the rocky coast.
  船在离岩岸两英里处抛锚停泊。
 »We weighed anchor (= pulled it out of the water).
  我们起锚启航。
2. a person or thing that gives sb a feeling of safety
• 给以安全感的人(或物)；精神支柱；顶梁柱:
 »the anchor of the family
  全家的顶梁柱
3. (especially NAmE) = anchorman , anchorwoman
◙ verb
1. to let an anchor down from a boat or ship in order to prevent it from moving away
• 抛锚；下锚:
▪ [V]
 »We anchored off the coast of Spain.
  我们在西班牙沿海抛锚停泊。
▪ [also VN]
2. [VN] to fix sth firmly in position so that it cannot move
• 使固定；扣牢；系牢:
 »Make sure the table is securely anchored.
  务必要把桌子固定好。
3. [VN] [usually passive] ~ sb / sth (in / to sth) to firmly base sth on sth else
• 使扎根；使基于:
 »Her novels are anchored in everyday experience.
  她的小说取材自日常生活经验。
4. (NAmE) to be the person who introduces reports or reads the news on television or radio
• 主持(电视、广播节目):
▪ [VN]
 »She anchored the evening news for seven years.
  她主持了七年晚间新闻报道。
▪ [also V]
cau∙tious / ˈkɔ:ʃəs /
◙ adj.
• ~ (about sb / sth) | ~ (about doing sth) being careful about what you say or do, especially to avoid danger or mistakes; not taking any risks
• 小心的；谨慎的:
 »He was very cautious about committing himself to anything.
  他谨小慎微,从不轻易作出承诺。
 »The government has been cautious in its response to the report.
  政府对此报道反应谨慎。
 »They've taken a very cautious approach.
  他们采取了十分谨慎的态度。
 »They expressed cautious optimism about a solution to the crisis.
  他们对解决危机持谨慎的乐观态度。
♦ cau∙tious∙ly adv.:
 »She looked cautiously around and then walked away from the house.
  她先小心地环顾了一下四周,然后才离开了房子。
 »I'm cautiously optimistic.
  我持谨慎的乐观态度。
♦ cau∙tious∙ness noun [U]
eager / ˈi:ɡə(r) /
◙ adj.
• ~ (for sth / to do sth) very interested and excited by sth that is going to happen or about sth that you want to do
• 热切的；渴望的；渴求的
【SYN】 keen :
 »eager crowds outside the stadium
  体育场外急不可耐的观众
 »She is eager for (= wants very much to get) her parents' approval.
  她渴望得到父母的赞许。
 »Everyone in the class seemed eager to learn.
  班上每个人似乎都热爱学习。
 »They're eager to please (= wanting to be helpful).
  他们竭力讨好卖乖。
♦ eager∙ly adv.:
 »the band's eagerly awaited new CD
  人们热切等待着的乐队的新唱片
♦ eager∙ness noun [U, sing.] :
 »I couldn't hide my eagerness to get back home.
  我无法掩饰想回家的渴望。
world∙wide / ˈwə:ldwaid; NAme ˈwə:rld- /
◙ adj. [usually before noun]
• affecting all parts of the world
• 影响全世界的；世界各地的:
 »an increase in worldwide sales
  全球销售额的增长
 »The story has attracted worldwide attention.
  这件事已经引起了全世界的关注。
♦ ˌworld∙'wide adv.:
 »We have 2 000 members worldwide.
  我们在全世界有 2 000 名成员。
ado∙les∙cent / ˌædəˈlesnt /
◙ noun
• a young person who is developing from a child into an adult
• 青少年:
 »adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 and the problems they face
  * 13 至 18 岁的青少年以及他们面临的问题
♦ ado∙les∙cent adj.:
 »adolescent boys / girls / experiences
  青春期的男孩/女孩/经历
re∙spond / riˈspɔnd; NAme riˈspɑ:nd /
◙ verb
1. ~ (to sb / sth) (with sth) (rather formal) to give a spoken or written answer to sb / sth
• (口头或书面)回答,回应
【SYN】 reply :
▪ [V]
 »I asked him his name, but he didn't respond.
  我问他叫什么名字,可他没回答。
 »She never responded to my letter.
  她从来没给我回过信。
▪ [V speech]
 »'I'm not sure,' she responded.
  "我不肯定。"她答道。
▪ [V that]
 »When asked about the company's future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.
  问到公司的未来的时候,经理回答说他依然乐观。
--› note at answer
2. [V] ~ (to sth) (with sth / by doing sth) to do sth as a reaction to sth that sb has said or done
• 作出反应；响应
【SYN】 react :
 »How did they respond to the news?
  他们对这则消息有什么反应？
 »The government responded by banning all future demonstrations.
  政府的反应是今后禁止一切示威活动。
3. [V] ~ (to sth / sb) to react quickly or in the correct way to sth / sb
• 反应灵敏；作出正确反应:
 »The car responds very well to the controls.
  这辆汽车操纵自如。
 »You can rely on him to respond to a challenge.
  你可以信赖他,他懂得应付挑战。
4. [V] ~ (to sth) to improve as a result of a particular kind of treatment
• 有改进；见起色；显出效果:
 »The infection did not respond to the drugs.
  这些药物对感染没有起作用。
pause / pɔ:z /
◙ verb
1. [V] to stop talking or doing sth for a short time before continuing
• 暂停；停顿:
 »Anita paused for a moment, then said: 'All right'.
  阿妮塔略停了一会儿,然后说:"好吧。"
 »The woman spoke almost without pausing for breath (= very quickly).
  那女人说话像放连珠炮似的。
 »I paused at the door and looked back.
  我停在门口,回头看了看。
 »Pausing only to pull on a sweater, he ran out of the house.
  他只停下来穿了件毛衣就冲出了屋外。
2. [VN] to stop a tape, CD, etc. for a short time using the pause button
• (按暂停键)暂停放音,暂停放像:
 »She paused the video and went to answer the phone.
  她停下录像机去接电话。
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (in sth) a period of time during which sb stops talking or stops what they are doing
• 停顿；停顿的时间:
 »There was a long pause before she answered.
  她停了好一会儿才回答。
 »David waited for a pause in the conversation so he could ask his question.
  戴维等着谈话停下来,好问个问题。
 »After a brief pause, they continued climbing.
  他们略停了一下就继续爬山。
 »The rain fell without pause.
  雨不停地下着。
2. [C] (especially BrE) (also fer∙mata especially in NAmE) (music 音) a sign () over a note or a rest to show that it should be longer than usual
• 延长记号
3. [U] (also 'pause button) a control that allows you to stop a tape recorder , CD player, etc. for a short time
• 暂停键:
 »Press pause to stop the tape.
  按暂停键停下磁带。
【IDIOMS】
◘ give (sb) 'pause
(BrE also give (sb) pause for 'thought) (formal)
• to make sb think seriously about sth or hesitate before doing sth
• 使认真考虑；使犹豫
--› more at pregnant
re∙gard∙less / riˈɡɑ:dləs; NAme -ˈɡɑ:rd- /
◙ adv.
• paying no attention, even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties
• 不顾；不加理会:
 »The weather was terrible but we carried on regardless.
  天气非常恶劣,但我们并不理会,照常进行。
re'gardless of
◙ prep.
• paying no attention to sth / sb; treating sth / sb as not being important
• 不管；不顾；不理会:
 »The club welcomes all new members regardless of age.
  俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。
 »He went ahead and did it, regardless of the consequences.
  他说干就干了,没有考虑后果。
 »The amount will be paid to everyone regardless of whether they have children or not.
  不管有没有孩子,每个人都会得到相同的金额。
se∙cur∙ity / siˈkjuərəti; NAme səˈkjur- /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
›› PROTECTION 保护
1. [U] the activities involved in protecting a country, building or person against attack, danger, etc.
• 保护措施；安全工作:
 »national security (= the defence of a country)
  国家安全
 »airport security
  机场的安全措施
 »They carried out security checks at the airport.
  他们在机场实行了安全检查。
 »The visit took place amidst tight security (= the use of many police officers).
  访问是在戒备森严的情况下进行的。
 »the security forces / services (= the police, army, etc.)
  安全部队/机构
 »a high / maximum security prison (= for dangerous criminals)
  高度/最高级戒备的监狱
--› see also high-security
2. [U + sing. / pl. v.] the department of a large company or organization that deals with the protection of its buildings, equipment and staff
• 保衞部门；保安部门:
 »Security was / were called to the incident.
  保安人员被叫到事发现场。
3. [U] protection against sth bad that might happen in the future
• 担保；保证:
 »financial security
  财务担保
 »Job security (= the guarantee that you will keep your job) is a thing of the past.
  稳定的工作是过去的事了。
›› FEELING HAPPY / SAFE 感觉愉快/安全
4. [U] the state of feeling happy and safe from danger or worry
• 安全；平安:
 »the security of a loving family life
  安享天伦之乐
 »She'd allowed herself to be lulled into a false sense of security (= a feeling that she was safe when in fact she was in danger).
  她不自觉地陷入了一种虚假的安全感之中。
›› FOR A LOAN 贷款
5. [U, C] a valuable item, such as a house, that you agree to give to sb if you are unable to pay back the money that you have borrowed from them
• 抵押品:
 »His home and business are being held as security for the loan.
  他是以房子和店铺为抵押得到这笔贷款的。
›› SHARES IN COMPANY 公司股份
6. securities [pl.] (finance 财) documents proving that sb is the owner of shares, etc. in a particular company
• 证券
--› see also social security
'waiting room
◙ noun
• a room where people can sit while they are waiting, for example for a bus or train, or to see a doctor or dentist
• 等候室；候车室；候诊室
rely / riˈlai /
◙ verb
(re∙lies, rely∙ing, re∙lied, re∙lied)
【PHR V】
◘ re'ly on / upon sb / sth
1. to need or depend on sb / sth
• 依赖；依靠:
 »As babies, we rely entirely on others for food.
  在婴儿时期,我们完全依赖别人喂食。
▪ [+ to inf ]
 »These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
  现在,我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排我们的工作。
▪ [+ -ing ]
 »The industry relies on the price of raw materials remaining low.
  这一产业靠的是原料便宜,不涨价。
2. to trust or have faith in sb / sth
• 信任；信赖:
 »You should rely on your own judgement.
  你应该相信你自己的判断。
▪ [+ to inf ]
 »You can rely on me to keep your secret.
  你可以相信我一定会为你保守秘密。
 »He can't be relied on to tell the truth.
  不能指望他说真话。
--› note at trust
【word family】
rely v.
reliable adj. ( ≠ unreliable )
reliability n. ( ≠ unreliability )
reliance n.
trol∙ley∙bus / ˈtrɔlibʌs; NAme ˈtrɑ:l- / (BrE) (US 'trackless trolley)
◙ noun
• a bus driven by electricity from a cable above the street
• 无轨电车
re∙vi∙sion / riˈviʒn /
◙ noun
1. [C] a change or set of changes to sth
• (一项、一轮等)修订,修改:
 »He made some minor revisions to the report before printing it out.
  在将报告打印出来之前,他作了一些小小的修改。
2. [U, C] the act of changing sth, or of examining sth with the intention of changing it
• 修订,修改(的进行):
 »a system in need of revision
  需要更新的系统
 »a revision of trading standards
  贸易标准的修改
3. [U] (BrE) the process of learning work for an exam
• 复习；温习:
 »Have you started your revision yet?
  你开始复习了吗？
com∙mit∙ted / kəˈmitid /
◙ adj.
• (approving)willing to work hard and give your time and energy to sth; believing strongly in sth
• 尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的:
 »a committed member of the team
  忠于职守的队员
 »They are committed socialists.
  他们是坚定的社会主义者。
【OPP】 uncommitted
mercy / ˈmə:si; NAme ˈmə:rsi /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [U] a kind or forgiving attitude towards sb that you have the power to harm or right to punish
• 仁慈；宽恕
【SYN】 humanity :
 »to ask / beg / plead for mercy
  请求/乞求/祈求宽恕
 »They showed no mercy to their hostages.
  他们对人质丝毫不讲仁慈。
 »God have mercy on us.
  上帝怜悯我们吧。
 »The troops are on a mercy mission (= a journey to help people) in the war zone.
  部队出发救助战地民众。
2. [C, usually sing.] (informal) an event or a situation to be grateful for, usually because it stops sth unpleasant
• 幸运；恩惠:
 »It's a mercy she wasn't seriously hurt.
  幸运的是她伤势不重。
--› see also merciful , merciless
【IDIOMS】
◘ at the mercy of sb / sth
• not able to stop sb / sth harming you because they have power or control over you
• 任…处置；对…无能为力；任由…摆布:
 »I'm not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank.
  我不想任由银行摆布。
 »We were at the mercy of the weather.
  我们受制于天气。
◘ leave sb / sth to the mercy / mercies of sb / sth
• to leave sb / sth in a situation that may cause them to suffer or to be treated badly
• 听任某人可能受到虐待(而无能为力)
◘ throw yourself on sb's mercy
•(formal) to put yourself in a situation where you must rely on sb to be kind to you and not harm or punish you
• 指望某人能够善待(或宽恕)你
--› more at small adj.
apol∙ogy / əˈpɔlədʒi; NAmE əˈpɑ:l- /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [C, U] ~ (to sb) (for sth) a word or statement saying sorry for sth that has been done wrong or that causes a problem
• 道歉；谢罪:
 »to offer / make / demand / accept an apology
  主动道歉；致歉；要求/接受道歉
 »You owe him an apology for what you said.
  你要为你所说的话向他道歉。
 »We should like to offer our apologies for the delay to your flight today.
  今天航班误点,敬请原谅。
 »We received a letter of apology.
  我们收到了一封道歉信。
2. [C, usually pl.] information that you cannot go to a meeting or must leave early
• (因不能赴会或提前离会的)致歉:
 »The meeting started with apologies (= the names of people who said they could not go to the meeting).
  会议一开始就宣布了请假缺席者的名单。
 »(formal) She made her apologies and left early.
  她致歉后就提前离开了。
【IDIOMS】
◘ make no a'pology / a'pologies for sth
• if you say that you make no apology / apologies for sth, you mean that you do not feel that you have said or done sth wrong
• (对某事)无可道歉,无错可认