m5u3clone / kləun; NAmE kloun / ◙ noun 1. (biology 生) a plant or an animal that is produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another plant or animal and is therefore exactly the same as it • 克隆动物(或植物)；无性繁殖动物(或植物)；复制动物(或植物) 2. (sometimes disapproving) a person or thing that seems to be an exact copy of another • 好像一模一样的人；复制品；仿造品；翻版 3. (computing 计) a computer designed to work in exactly the same way as another, usually six made by a different company and more expensive • 复制器；仿制机；兼容机◙ verb [VN] 1. to produce an exact copy of an animal or a plant from its cells • 以无性繁殖技术复制；克隆: »A team from the UK were the first to successfully clone an animal. 英国的一个小组率先克隆动物成功。 »Dolly, the cloned sheep 复制羊多利 2. to illegally make an electronic copy of stored information from a person's credit card or mobile phone / cellphone so that you can make payments or phone calls but the owner of the card or phone receives the bill • 非法复制,克隆(他人信用卡或手机的贮存信息,从而使卡主或机主付费)
em∙bryo / ˈembriəu; NAmE -briou / ◙ noun (pl. -os) • a young animal or plant in the very early stages of development before birth, or before coming out of its egg or seed, especially a human egg in the first three weeks afterfertilization • 胚；胚胎；(尤指受孕后八周内的)人类胚胎: »human embryos 人的胚胎 »(figurative) the embryo of an idea 一种想法的雏形 »an embryo politician (= six who is not yet very experienced) 尚未成熟的政治家
【IDIOMS】
◘ in embryo • existing but not yet fully developed • 在胚胎阶段；在萌芽时期；尚未成熟: »The idea already existed in embryo in his earlier novels. 这个想法在他早期的小说中已初见端倪。
tis∙sue / ˈtiʃu:; BrE also ˈtisju: / ◙ noun 1. [U] (also tis∙sues [pl.]) a collection of cells that form the different parts of humans, animals and plants • (人、动植物细胞的)组织: »muscle / brain / nerve, etc. tissue 肌肉、大脑、神经等组织 »scar tissue 瘢痕组织 2. [C] a piece of soft paper that absorbs liquids, used especially as ahandkerchief • (尤指用作手帕的)纸巾,手巾纸: »a box of tissues 一盒纸巾 3. (also 'tissue paper) [U] very thin paper used for wrapping and packing things that break easily • (用于包装易碎物品的)薄纸,绵纸
【IDIOMS】
◘ a ˌtissue of 'lies •(literary) a story, an excuse, etc. that is full of lies • 一派谎言toy / tɔi / ◙ noun 1. an object for children to play with • 玩具: »cuddly / soft toys 令人想搂抱的/软玩具 »The children were playing happily with their toys. 孩子们正高兴地玩着玩具。 2. an object that you have for enjoyment or pleasure rather than for a serious purpose • 玩物；玩意儿 【SYN】plaything: »executive toys 行政人员的玩意儿 »His latest toy is the electric drill he bought last week. 他的新玩意儿是他上星期买的电钻。 ◙ adj. [only before noun] 1. made as a copy of a particular thing and used for playing with • 玩具的；作玩具的: »a toy car 玩具汽车 »toy soldiers 玩具士兵 2. (of a dog 狗) of a very small breed • 个头很小的；小体型品种的: »a toy poodle 小鬈毛狗 ◙ verb 【PHR V】 ◘ 'toy with sth 1. to consider an idea or a plan, but not very seriously and not for a long time • 不太认真地考虑；把…当儿戏 【SYN】flirt with: »I did briefly toy with the idea of living in France. 我确实稍稍有过定居法国的念头。 2. to play with sth and move it around carelessly or without thinking • 玩耍；戏弄；摆弄: »He kept toying nervously with his pen. 他一直精神紧张地摆弄着钢笔。 »She hardly ate a thing, just toyed with a piece of cheese on her plate. 她几乎没吃一点东西,只是拨弄着碟子里的一块奶酪。
ˌreal-'life ◙ adj. [only before noun] • actually happening or existing in life, not in books, stories or films / movies • 真实的；实际发生的；现实生活中的: »a novel based on real-life events 以真实事件为素材的小说 »a real-life Romeo and Juliet 现实生活中的罗密欧与朱丽叶 【OPP】fictionalmon∙ster / ˈmɔnstə(r); NAme ˈmɑ:n- / ◙ noun 1. (in stories) an imaginary creature that is very large, ugly and frightening • (传说中的)怪物,怪兽: »a monster with three heads 三头怪兽 »prehistoric monsters 史前怪物 2. an animal or a thing that is very large or ugly • 庞然大物；庞大的丑怪物；丑恶的东西: »Their dog's an absolute monster! 他们那条狗好大哟！ 3. a person who is very cruel and evil • 恶棍；恶魔 4. (humorous) a child who behaves badly • 小恶魔；小坏蛋◙ adj. [only before noun] • (informal) unusually large • 巨大的；庞大的 【SYN】giant: »monster mushrooms 巨大的蘑菇
exact / iɡˈzækt / ◙ adj. 1. correct in every detail • 精确的；准确的 【SYN】precise: »She gave an exact description of the attacker. 她对袭击者的特征作了精确的描述。 »an exact copy / replica of the painting 那幅画的精确复制品 »We need to know the exact time the incident occurred. 我们需要了解事情发生的确切时间。 »What were his exact words? 他的原话是什么？ »She's in her mid-thirties—thirty-six to be exact. 她三十五岁左右——确切地说是三十六岁。 »The colours were an exact match. 颜色极为协调。 »He started to phone me at the exact moment I started to phone him (= at the same time). 他开始给我打电话时,我也正好开始给他打电话。 »Her second husband was the exact opposite of her first (= completely different). 她的第二任丈夫与第一任截然不同。 --› note attrue 2. (of people 人) very accurate and careful about details • 严谨的；严格的；一丝不苟的 【SYN】meticulous,precise 3. (of a science 科学) using accurate measurements and following set rules • 精密的；严密的 【SYN】precise: »Assessing insurance risk can never be an exact science. 估定承保的风险永远不会成为一门精确的科学。 ♦ exact∙ness noun [U] ◙ verb [VN] ~ sth (from sb) (formal) 1. to demand and get sth from sb • 要求；索取: »She was determined to exact a promise from him. 她决意要他作出许诺。 2. to make sth bad happen to sb • 迫使；强迫；强求: »Stress can exact a high price from workers (= can affect them badly). 压力可能迫使工人付出昂贵的代价。 »He exacted (= took) a terrible revenge for their treatment of him. 他因受他们的虐待而痛加报复。 ♦ exac∙tion / iɡˈzækʃn / noun [C, U] (formal)
cell / sel / ◙ noun 1. a room for six or more prisoners in a prison or police station • 单间牢房；牢房 --› see alsopadded cell 2. a small room without much furniture in which amonkornunlives • (修道士或修女住的)小房间 3. the smallest unit of living matter that can exist on its own. All plants and animals are made up of cells. • 细胞: »blood cells 血细胞 »the nucleus of a cell 细胞核 --› see alsostem cell 4. each of the small sections that together form a larger structure, for example ahoneycomb • (大结构中的)小隔室(如蜂房巢室) 5. a device for producing an electric current, for example by the action of chemicals or light • 电池: »a photoelectric cell 光电池 6. a small group of people who work as part of a larger political organization, especially secretly • (尤指秘密的)政治小组,基层组织: »a terrorist cell 恐怖分子小组 7. one of the small squares in aspreadsheetcomputer program in which you enter a single piece of data • (计算机电子表格的)单元格 8. (informal, especially NAmE) =cellphonemam∙mal / ˈmæml / ◙ noun • any animal that gives birth to live babies, not eggs, and feeds its young on milk. Cows, humans andwhalesare all mammals. • 哺乳动物 ♦ mam∙ma∙lian / mæˈmeiliən / adj.Scot∙tish / ˈskɔtiʃ; NAme ˈskɑ:tiʃ / ◙ adj. • of or connected with Scotland or its people • 苏格兰的；苏格兰人的: »the Scottish Highlands 苏格兰高地 »Scottish dancing 苏格兰舞蹈
in∙ten∙tion / inˈtenʃn / ◙ noun [C, U] • ~ (of doing sth) | ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that...) what you intend or plan to do; your aim • 打算；计划；意图；目的: »I have no intention of going to the wedding. 我无意去参加婚礼。 »He has announced his intention to retire. 他已经宣布他打算退休。 »It was not my intention that she should suffer. 我没有要她吃苦头的意思。 »He left England with the intention of travelling in Africa. 他离开英国,打算去非洲旅行。 »I have every intention of paying her back what I owe her. 我一心想把我欠她的还给她。 »The original intention was to devote three months to the project. 最初的计划是在这个项目上投入三个月的时间。 »She's full of good intentions but they rarely work out. 她虽然处处出于善意,却很少成功。 »I did it with the best (of) intentions (= meaning to help), but I only succeeded in annoying them. 我的原意是要帮忙,却惹得他们生气了。 --› see alsowell intentioned --› note atpurpose
【IDIOMS】
--› seeroadanx∙iety / æŋˈzaiəti / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) 1. [U] ~ (about / over sth) the state of feeling nervous or worried that sth bad is going to happen • 焦虑；忧虑: »acute / intense / deep anxiety 非常/极度/深深的忧虑 »Some hospital patients experience high levels of anxiety. 有些住院病人十分焦虑不安。 2. [C] a worry or fear about sth • 担心；忧虑；害怕: »If you're worried about your health, share your anxieties with your doctor. 你要是担心自己的健康,就把你的忧虑告诉医生吧。 3. [U] ~ to do sth | ~ for sth a strong feeling of wanting to do sth or of wanting sth to happen • 渴望: »the candidate's anxiety to win the vote 候选人对选举胜利的渴望 »the people's anxiety for the war to end 人民对结束战争的渴望
--› seesalesmanadopt / əˈdɔpt; NAmE əˈdɑ:pt / ◙ verb ›› CHILD 小孩 1. to take sb else's child into your family and become its legal parent(s) • 收养；领养: ▪ [V] »a campaign to encourage childless couples to adopt 鼓励无子女夫妇领养孩子的运动 ▪ [VN] »to adopt a child 领养孩子 »She was forced to have her baby adopted. 她被迫把婴儿给人收养。 --› comparefoster ›› METHOD 方法 2. [VN] to start to use a particular method or to show a particular attitude towards sb / sth • 采用(某方法)；采取(某态度): »All seven teams adopted different approaches to the problem. 三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。 ›› SUGGESTION 建议 3. [VN] to formally accept a suggestion or policy by voting • 正式通过,表决采纳(建议、政策等): »to adopt a resolution 通过一项决议 »The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting. 委员会有望在下次会议上正式通过这项新政策。 ›› NEW NAME / COUNTRY 新名字/国家 4. [VN] to choose a new name, a country, a custom, etc. and begin to use it as your own • 选用(名字等)；移居(某国)；承袭(风俗): »to adopt a name / title / language 取名；袭用头衔；采用某语言 »Early Christians in Europe adopted many of the practices of the older, pagan religions. 欧洲早期的基督教徒承袭了更古老的一些异教的许多习俗。 ›› WAY OF BEHAVING 行为方式 5. [VN] (formal) to use a particular manner, way of speaking, expression, etc. • 采用(某种举止、说话方式等): »He adopted an air of indifference. 他摆出一副满不在乎的样子。 ›› CANDIDATE 候选人 6. [VN] ~ sb (as sth) (BrE) (politics 政) to choose sb as a candidate in an election or as a representative • 选定,选举(某人为候选人或代表): »She was adopted as parliamentary candidate for Wood Green. 她被推举为伍德格林选区的议员候选人。
legal / ˈli:ɡl / ◙ adj. 1. [only before noun] connected with the law • 与法律有关的；法律的: »the legal profession / system 法律专业/体系 »to take / seek legal advice 听取/寻求法律咨询 »a legal adviser 法律顾问 »legal costs 律师费用 2. allowed or required by law • 法律允许的；合法的；法律要求的: »The driver was more than seven times over the legal limit (= the amount of alcohol you are allowed to have in your body when you are driving). 那名司机体内的酒精含量超过了法律允许限度的三倍。 »Should euthanasia be made legal? 安乐死是否应定为合法？ 【OPP】illegal ♦ le∙gal∙ly / ˈli:ɡəli / adv.: »a legally binding agreement 具有法律约束力的协议 »to be legally responsible for sb / sth 对某人/某事负有法律责任
phys∙ician / fiˈziʃn / ◙ noun • (formal, especially NAmE)a doctor, especially one who is a specialist in general medicine and notsurgery • 医师；(尤指)内科医生 --› comparesurgeon
【HELP】This word is now old-fashioned in BrE. Doctor or GP is used instead. • 在英国英语中,本词现已过时,而代之以 doctor 或 GP。
goat / ɡəut; NAmE ɡout / ◙ noun 1. an animal with horns and a coat of hair, that lives wild in mountain areas or is kept on farms for its milk or meat • 山羊: »a mountain goat 山羊 »goat's milk / cheese 羊奶；羊奶酪 --› see alsobilly goat,kid n. (2),nanny goat 2. old ~ (informal) an unpleasant old man who is annoying in a sexual way • 老色鬼；色狼；好色之徒
【IDIOMS】
◘ get sb's 'goat •(informal) to annoy sb very much • 使某人恼怒 --› more atsheepcon∙se∙quence / ˈkɔnsikwəns; NAmE ˈkɑ:nsəkwens / ◙ noun 1. [C] ~ (for sb / sth) a result of sth that has happened • 结果；后果: »This decision could have serious consequences for the industry. 这项决定可能对该行业造成严重后果。 »Two hundred people lost their jobs as a direct consequence of the merger. 合并一事直接导致二百人失去了工作。 »He drove too fast with tragic consequences. 他开车太快,结果酿成惨剧。 »to suffer / face / take the consequences of your actions 自食其果；面对/承担自己行动的后果 --› note ateffect 2. [U] (formal) importance • 重要性: »Don't worry. It's of no consequence. 别担心,这无关紧要。
【IDIOMS】
◘ in consequence (of sth) •(formal) as a result of sth • 由于；作为…的结果: »The child was born deformed in consequence of an injury to its mother. 由于母亲受过伤,这小孩生下来是畸形。
har∙vest / ˈhɑ:vist; NAme ˈhɑ:rv- / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] the time of year when the crops are gathered in on a farm, etc.; the act of cutting and gathering crops • 收获季节；收割；收获: »harvest time 收获季节 »Farmers are extremely busy during the harvest. 农民在收获季节里十分忙碌。 2. [C] the crops, or the amount of crops, cut and gathered • 收成；收获量: »the grain harvest 谷物的收成 »a good / bad harvest (= a lot of crops or few crops) 丰收；歉收 »(figurative) The appeal produced a rich harvest of blankets, medicines and clothing. 呼吁的成果颇丰,收到了大批毛毯、药物和衣服。
【IDIOMS】
--› seereap◙ verb 1. [V VN] to cut and gather a crop; to catch a number of animals or fish to eat • 收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼) 2. [VN] (medical 医) to collect cells ortissuefrom sb's body for use in medical experiments or operations • 采集(人体的细胞或组织,以供医学实验等): »She had her eggs harvested and frozen for her own future use. 她的卵子已经采集下来,冷冻后以备她将来使用。
sale / seil / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] an act or the process of selling sth • 出售；销售: »regulations governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 含酒精饮料的销售管理条例 »I haven't made a sale all week. 整整一个星期我什么也没卖出去。 »She gets 10% commission on each sale. 每笔生意她得 10% 的佣金。 2. sales [pl.] the number of items sold • 销售量: »Retail sales fell in November by 10%. 十一月份零售额下降 10%。 »Export sales were up by 32% last year. 去年出口销售额增长了 32%。 »the sales figures for May 五月份的销售数字 »a sales drive / campaign (= a special effort to sell more) 推销/促销活动 3. sales [U] (also 'sales department [C]) the part of a company that deals with selling its products • 销售部: »a sales and marketing director 市场销售部经理 »She works in sales / in the sales department. 她在销售部工作。 »The Weldon Group has a 6 000 strong sales force. 威尔登集团有 6 000 人的销售队伍。 4. [C] an occasion when a shop / store sells its goods at a lower price than usual • 特价销售；廉价出售；大减价: »The sale starts next week. 特价促销从下星期开始。 »the January sales 元月大减价 »I bought a coat in the sales. 我在大减价时买了一件外套。 »sale prices 特价 5. [C] an occasion when goods are sold, especially anauction • 销售活动；(尤指)拍卖: »a contemporary art sale 当代艺术品拍卖会 --› see alsocar boot sale,garage sale,jumble sale
【IDIOMS】
◘ for 'sale • available to be bought, especially from the owner • 待售；供出售(尤指从主人手里): »I'm sorry, it's not for sale. 抱歉,这个不卖。 »They've put their house up for sale. 他们的房子现在出售。 »an increase in the number of stolen vehicles being offered for sale 用于售卖的被盗车辆在数量上的增加 »a 'for sale' sign "待售"标志 ◘ on 'sale 1. available to be bought, especially in a shop / store • (常用于商店)出售,上市: »Tickets are on sale from the booking office. 售票处正在售票。 »The new model goes on sale next month. 新款下月上市。 2. (especially NAmE, SAfrE) being offered at a reduced price • 折价销售；减价出售: »All video equipment is on sale today and tomorrow. 所有录像设备今明两天降价出售。 ◘ (on) ˌsale or re'turn (BrE) (of goods 商品) • supplied with the agreement that any item that is not sold can be sent back without having to be paid for • 剩货包退(任何售不出去的商品均可退给供货商)trans∙form / trænsˈfɔ:m; NAme -ˈfɔ:rm / ◙ verb [VN] ~ sth / sb (from sth) (into sth) 1. to change the form of sth • 使改变形态 【SYN】convert: »The photochemical reactions transform the light into electrical impulses. 光化学反应使光变为电脉冲。 2. to completely change the appearance or character of sth, especially so that it is better • 使改变外观(或性质)；使改观: »A new colour scheme will transform your bedroom. 新的色彩调配将使你的卧室焕然一新。 »It was an event that would transform my life. 那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。
con∙cept / ˈkɔnsept; NAmE ˈkɑ:n- / ◙ noun • ~ (of sth) | ~ (that...) an idea or a principle that is connected with sthabstract • 概念；观念: »the concept of social class 社会等级的概念 »concepts such as 'civilization' and 'government' 诸如"文明"和"政府"的概念 »He can't grasp the basic concepts of mathematics. 他无法掌握数学的基本概念。 »the concept that everyone should have equality of opportunity 人人应当机会均等的观念
crime / kraim / ◙ noun 1. [U] activities that involve breaking the law • 犯罪活动；不法行为: »an increase in violent crime 暴力犯罪活动的增加 »the fight against crime 与犯罪活动的斗争 »Stores spend more and more on crime prevention every year. 商店每年在防止犯罪方面的花费越来越多。 »petty / serious crime 轻微的/严重的犯罪 »the connection between drugs and organized crime 毒品与有组织犯罪之间的联系 »He turned to crime when he dropped out of school. 他辍学后沦为罪犯。 »The crime rate is rising. 犯罪率正在上升。 »crime fiction / novels (= stories about crime) 描写犯罪活动的小说 »crime figures / statistics 犯罪数字/统计数字 »She's a crime writer (= she writes stories about crime). 她是罪案小说作家。 2. [C] ~ (against sb) an illegal act or activity that can be punished by law • 罪；罪行: »to commit a crime (= do sth illegal) 犯罪 »The massacre was a crime against humanity. 这场大屠杀是一桩反人类的罪行。 --› see alsowar crime 3. a crime [sing.] an act that you think is immoral or is a big mistake • 不道德的行为；罪过: »It's a crime to waste so much money. 挥霍这么多钱是一种罪过。
fel∙low / ˈfeləu; NAmE ˈfelou / ◙ noun 1. (informal, becoming old-fashioned) • a way of referring to a man or boy • 男人；男孩；小伙子；家伙；哥儿们: »He's a nice old fellow. 他这位老兄人不错。 --› see alsofella 2. [usually pl.] a person that you work with or that is like you; a thing that is similar to the six mentioned • 同事；同辈；同类；配对物: »She has a very good reputation among her fellows. 她在同事中的口碑甚佳。 »Many caged birds live longer than their fellows in the wild. 许多笼中鸟比野外同类鸟的寿命长。 3. (BrE) a senior member of some colleges or universities • (某些学院或大学的)董事: »a fellow of New College, Oxford 牛津大学新学院董事 4. a member of an academic or professional organization • (学术或专业团体的)会员: »a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons 皇家外科医生学会会员 5. (especially NAmE) agraduatestudent who holds afellowship • (接受奖学金的)研究生: »a graduate fellow 接受奖学金的研究生 »a teaching fellow 兼任教学的研究生 ◙ adj. [only before noun] • used to describe sb who is the same as you in some way, or in the same situation • 同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的: »fellow members / citizens / workers 同一组织的成员；同胞；同事 »my fellow passengers on the train 和我同火车的旅伴
pro∙fes∙sion / prəˈfeʃn / ◙ noun 1. [C] a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education • (需要专门技能,尤指需要较高教育水平的某一)行业,职业: »the medical / legal / teaching, etc. profession 医疗、法律、教学等专业 »to enter / go into / join a profession 从事/加入/参加一个行业 »(BrE) the caring professions (= that involve looking after people) 护理行业 »He was an electrician by profession. 他的职业是电工。 »She was at the very top of her profession. 她是她那个行业中的佼佼者。 --› note atwork 2. the profession [sing. + sing. / pl. v.] all the people who work in a particular type of profession • (某)职业界；业内人士；同业；同行；同人: »The legal profession has / have always resisted change. 法律界向来抵制变革。 3. the professions [pl.] the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or a lawyer • (统称,指需要较高教育水平的)职业: »employment in industry and the professions 实业界与专业界的工作 4. [C] ~ of sth a statement about what you believe, feel or think about sth, that is sometimes made publicly • 声明；宣称；表白 【SYN】declaration: »a profession of faith 信仰的表白
ra∙di∙ation / ˌreidiˈeiʃn / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] powerful and very dangerousraysthat are sent out fromradioactivesubstances • 辐射；放射线: »high levels / doses of radiation that damage cells 损害细胞的高强度辐射 »the link between exposure to radiation and childhood cancer 接触辐射与儿童恶性肿瘤之间的联系 »a radiation leak from a nuclear power station 核电站的辐射泄漏 »radiation sickness 辐射病 »the radiations emitted by radium 镭释放出的放射线 2. [U] heat, energy, etc. that is sent out in the form ofrays • 辐射的热(或能量等): »ultraviolet radiation 紫外线辐射 »electromagnetic radiation from power lines 电线上的电磁辐射 3. (also ˌradi'ation therapy) əu] the treatment of cancer and other diseases using radiation • 放射疗法 --› comparechemotherapy,radiotherapybreak∙through / ˈbreikθru: / ◙ noun • an important development that may lead to an agreement or achievement • 重大进展；突破: »to make / achieve a breakthrough 作出/取得突破性进展 »a significant breakthrough in negotiations 谈判中的重大突破 »a major breakthrough in cancer research 癌症研究中的重要突破
ori∙gin∙al / əˈridʒənl / ◙ adj. 1. [only before noun] existing at the beginning of a particular period, process or activity • 原来的；起初的；最早的: »The room still has many of its original features. 房间还保留着当初的许多特点。 »I think you should go back to your original plan. 我认为你应该回头执行你原来的计划。 2. new and interesting in a way that is different from anything that has existed before; able to produce new and interesting ideas • 首创的；独创的；有独创性的: »an original idea 独到的见解 »That's not a very original suggestion. 那个建议没什么新意。 »an original thinker 有创意的人 3. [usually before noun] painted, written, etc. by the artist rather than copied • 原作的；真迹的；非复制的: »an original painting by local artist Graham Tovey 一幅本土艺术家格雷厄姆 · 托维的绘画创作 »The original manuscript has been lost. 原稿已经遗失。 »Only original documents (= not photocopies) will be accepted as proof of status. 只有文件正本才能用作身分证明。 ◙ noun 1. a document, work of art, etc. produced for the first time, from which copies are later made • 原件；正本；原稿；原作: »This painting is a copy; the original is in Madrid. 这幅画是复制品,原画在马德里。 »Send out the photocopies and keep the original. 寄复印本,保留原件。 2. (formal) a person who thinks, behaves, dresses, etc. in an unusual way • (思想、行为、衣着等)不同寻常的人,独特的人,怪人
【IDIOMS】
◘ in the o'riginal • in the language in which a book, etc. was first written, before being translated • 用原着的语言；未经翻译: »I studied Italian so that I would be able to read Dante in the original. 我学习意大利语以便能读但丁的原着。
judge∙ment (also judg∙ment especially in NAmE) / ˈdʒʌdʒmənt / ◙ noun 1. [U] the ability to make sensible decisions after carefully considering the best thing to do • 判断力；识别力: »good / poor / sound judgement 判断力强/弱；正确的判断力 »She showed a lack of judgement when she gave Mark the job. 她把这工作交给马克表明她缺乏判断力。 »It's not something I can give you rules for; you'll have to use your judgement. 不是我把规则给你就行了,你得运用自己的判断力。 »He achieved his aim more by luck than judgement. 他达到目的主要是靠运气而不是靠判断力。 »The accident was caused by an error of judgement on the part of the pilot. 此次事故是飞行员判断失误所致。 2. [C, U] ~ (of / about / on sth) an opinion that you form about sth after thinking about it carefully; the act of making this opinion known to others • 看法；意见；评价: »He refused to make a judgement about the situation. 他拒绝对形势作出评价。 »Who am I to pass judgement on her behaviour? (= to criticize it) 我有什么资格对她的行为说三道四呢？ »I'd like to reserve judgement until I see the report. 我还是想看到报告后再发表意见。 »It was, in her judgement, the wrong thing to do. 在她看来,那样做是错误的。 »I did it against my better judgement (= although I thought it was perhaps the wrong thing to do). 我这样做是违心的。 3. (usually judgment) [C, U] the decision of a court or a judge • 判决；裁决: »a judgment from the European Court of Justice 欧洲法院的判决 »The judgment will be given tomorrow. 此案将于明日宣判。 »The court has yet to pass judgment (= say what its decision is) in this case. 此案还有待于法庭判决。 4. [C, usually sing.] ~ (on sth) (formal) something bad that happens to sb that is thought to be a punishment from God • 报应；天谴；(上帝对人的)审判
【IDIOMS】
--› seesitˌburnt-'out ◙ adj. 1. destroyed or badly damaged by fire • 烧毁的；烧坏的: »a burnt-out car 烧毁的汽车 2. feeling as if you have done sth for too long and need to have a rest • 精疲力竭的；疲乏的: »I'm feeling burnt-out at work—I need a holiday. 我觉得工作得太累了——我需要休假。
re∙la∙tion / riˈleiʃn / ◙ noun 1. relations [pl.] ~ (between A and B) | ~ (with sb / sth) the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other • (人、团体、国家之间的)关系,联系,交往: »diplomatic / international / foreign relations 外交/国际/对外关系 »US-Chinese relations 美中关系 »Relations with neighbouring countries are under strain at present. 目前,与邻国的关系正处于紧张状态。 »We seek to improve relations between our two countries. 我们寻求改进我们两国间的关系。 »teacher-pupil relations 师生关系 »(formal) to have sexual relations (= to have sex) 发生性关系 --› see alsoindustrial relations,public relations,race relations 2. [U, C] ~ (between A and B) | ~ (to sth) the way in which two or more things are connected • (事物之间的)关系,关联,联系: »the relation between rainfall and crop yields 降雨量和农作物产量之间的关系 »the relation of the farmer to the land 农民和土地的关系 »The fee they are offering bears no relation to the amount of work involved. 他们支付的酬金和所需的工作量无关。 »(formal) I have some comments to make in relation to (= concerning) this matter. 关于这件事我有几点看法。 »Its brain is small in relation to (= compared with) its body. 和它的身体相比,它的大脑很小。 3. [C] a person who is in the same family as sb else 亲戚；亲属 【SYN】relative : »a close / near / distant relation of mine 我的一位近亲/远亲 »a relation by marriage 姻亲 »a party for friends and relations 亲戚朋友的聚会 »He's called Brady too, but we're no relation (= not related). 他也叫布雷迪,但我们不是亲戚。 »Is he any relation to you? 他是你的什么亲戚吗？ --› see alsoblood relation,poor relationcon∙duct ◙ verb / kənˈdʌkt / 1. əʒŋ] to organize and / or do a particular activity • 组织；安排；实施；执行: »to conduct an experiment / an inquiry / a survey 进行实验/询问/调查 »The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner. 已积极进行过谈判。 2. to direct a group of people who are singing or playing music • 指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏): ▪ [VN] »a concert by the Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Sir Colin Davis 由科林 · 戴维斯爵士指挥、爱乐交响乐团演出的音乐会 ▪ [also V] 3. [VN +adv. / prep.] to lead or guide sb through or around a place • 带领；引导；为(某人)导游: »a conducted tour of Athens (= six with a guide, giving information about it) 有导游陪同的雅典之行 »The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. 导游引导我们游览了古城废墟。 4. [VN +adv. / prep.] ~ yourself... (formal) to behave in a particular way • 举止；表现: »He conducted himself far better than expected. 他表现得比预料的要好得多。 5. [VN] (technical 术语) (of a substance 物质) to allow heat or electricity to pass along or through it • 传导(热或电等能量): »Copper conducts electricity well. 铜的导电性能好。 ◙ noun / ˈkɔndʌkt; NAmE ˈkɑ:n- / əu] (formal) 1. a person's behaviour in a particular place or in a particular situation • (人在某地或某种情况下的)行为,举止: »The sport has a strict code of conduct. 体育运动有严格的行为规范。 2. ~ of sth the way in which a business or an activity is organized and managed • 经营方式；管理方法；实施办法: »There was growing criticism of the government's conduct of the war. 政府对战争的指挥方式受到越来越多的指责。 --› see alsosafe conductma∙jor∙ity / məˈdʒɔrəti; NAme -ˈdʒɔ:r-; -ˈdʒɑ:r- / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) 1. [sing. + sing. / pl. v.] ~ (of sb / sth) the largest part of a group of people or things • 大部份；大多数: »The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio. 大多数接受采访的人都喜欢看电视多于听收音机。 »The majority was / were in favour of banning smoking. 大多数人支持禁烟。 »This treatment is not available in the vast majority of hospitals. 绝大部份医院都不提供这种治疗。 »a majority decision (= six that is decided by what most people want) 根据大多数人的意见作出的决定 »In the nursing profession, women are in a / the majority. 女性在护理行业中占大多数。 【OPP】minority --› see alsomoral majority,silent majority 2. [C] ~ (over sb) (BrE) the number of votes by which six political party wins an election; the number of votes by which six side in a discussion, etc. wins • (获胜的)票数；多数票: »She was elected by / with a majority of 749. 她以 749 票的多数票当选。 »They had a large majority over their nearest rivals. 他们所得的票数远远超出名次仅次于他们的对手。 »a clear (= large) majority 明显多数票 »The government does not have an overall majority (= more members than all the other parties added together). 政府没有获得绝对多数票。 »The resolution was carried by a huge majority. 这项决议以非常大的多数票赞成而获得通过。 --› see alsoabsolute majority 3. [C] (NAmE) the difference between the number of votes given to the candidate who wins the election and the total number of votes of all the other candidates • 超出其余各方票数总和的票数 --› see alsoplurality(2) 4. [U] (law 律) the age at which you are legally considered to be an adult • 成年的法定年龄
sum∙mary / ˈsʌməri / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) • a short statement that gives only the main points of sth, not the details • 总结；概括；概要: »The following is a summary of our conclusions. 现将我们的几点结论综述如下。 »a news summary 新闻综述 »a two-page summary of a government report 一份两页的政府报告摘要 »In summary, this was a disappointing performance. 总的来说,这场演出令人失望。 ◙ adj. [only before noun] 1. (formal) giving only the main points of sth, not the details • 总结性的；概括的；概要的: »a summary financial statement 财务汇总报表 »I made a summary report for the records. 我对记录内容做了扼要报告。 2. (sometimes disapproving) done immediately, without paying attention to the normal process that should be followed • 从速从简的；即决的；草草的: »summary justice / execution 即决裁判；草草处决 »a summary judgement 草草判决 ♦ sum∙mar∙ily / ˈsʌmərəli; NAme səˈmerəli / adv.: »to be summarily dismissed / executed 被草草开除/处决
con∙sid∙er∙ation / kənˌsidəˈreiʃn / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] (formal) the act of thinking carefully about sth • 仔细考虑；深思；斟酌: »Careful consideration should be given to issues of health and safety. 健康与安全的问题应该认真予以考虑。 »The proposals are currently under consideration (= being discussed). 那些提案目前正在审议中。 »After a few moments' consideration, he began to speak. 他想了片刻后开始讲话。 »a consideration of the legal issues involved 对有关法律问题的考虑 2. [C] something that must be thought about when you are planning or deciding sth • (作计划或决定时)必须考虑的事(或因素、原因): »economic / commercial / environmental / practical considerations 需要考虑的经济/商业/环境/实际因素 »Time is another important consideration. 时间是另一个需要考虑的重要因素。 3. [U] ~ (for sb / sth) the quality of being sensitive towards others and thinking about their wishes and feelings • (对他人的)考虑周到,体谅,顾及: »They showed no consideration whatsoever for my feelings. 他们根本不体谅我的感情。 »Journalists stayed away from the funeral out of consideration for the bereaved family. 出于对丧失亲人家属的考虑,新闻记者没有到葬礼现场。 4. [C] (formal) a reward or payment for a service • 报酬；酬金；支付款
【IDIOMS】
◘ in consideration of sth •(formal) as payment for sth • 作为…的报酬(或酬劳): »a small sum in consideration of your services 酬谢你服务的小费 ◘ take sth into consideration • to think about and include a particular thing or fact when you are forming an opinion or making a decision • 考虑到；顾及: »The candidates' experience and qualifications will be taken into consideration when the decision is made. 作决定时要考虑候选人的经历和资格。 »Taking everything into consideration, the event was a great success. 总的说来,这项活动取得了极大的成功。 --› more atmatureadj.
hun∙ger / ˈhʌŋɡə(r) / ◙ noun 1. [U] the state of not having enough food to eat, especially when this causes illness or death • 饥饿；饥荒 【SYN】starvation: »Around fifty people die of hunger every day in the camp. 集中营里每天大约有五十人饿死。 »The organization works to alleviate world hunger and disease. 这个机构致力于减少世界上的饥饿和疾病。 2. [U] the feeling caused by a need to eat • 饥饿感；食欲；胃口: »hunger pangs 饥饿引起的胃痛 »I felt faint with hunger. 我当时饿得发昏。 3. [sing.] ~ (for sth) (formal) a strong desire for sth • (对某事物的)渴望,渴求: »a hunger for knowledge 对知识的渴求 »Nothing seemed to satisfy their hunger for truth. 似乎没有什么能满足他们对真理的渴求。 ◙ verb 【PHR V】 ◘ 'hunger for / after sth / sb (literary) • to have a strong desire or need for sth / sb • 渴望得到；渴求
tasty / ˈteisti / ◙ adj. (tasti∙er, tasti∙est) 1. (approving) having a strong and pleasant flavour • 美味的；可口的；好吃的: »a tasty meal 美餐 »something tasty to eat 好吃的东西 2. (BrE, informal, sometimes offensive) a word that some men use about women that they think are sexually attractive • 风骚的,有味道的,性感的(男子用以形容性感女子) ♦ tasti∙ness noun [U] nu∙tri∙tion / njuˈtriʃn; NAme nu- / ◙ noun [U] • the process by which living things receive the food necessary for them to grow and be healthy • 营养；滋养；营养的补给: »advice on diet and nutrition 有关饮食和增加营养的建议 »to study food science and nutrition 研究食物科学和营养 --› comparemalnutrition ♦ nu∙tri∙tion∙al / -ʃənl / (also less frequent nu∙tri∙tive) adj.: »the nutritional value of milk 牛奶的营养价值 ♦ nu∙tri∙tion∙al∙ly / -ʃənəli / adv.: »a nutritionally balanced menu 营养均衡的菜谱
or∙din∙ary / ˈɔ:dnri; NAme ˈɔ:rdneri / ◙ adj. 1. [usually before noun] not unusual or different in any way • 普通的；平常的；一般的；平凡的: »an ordinary sort of day 平平常常的一天 »in the ordinary course of events 在一般情况下 »ordinary people like you and me 像你我这等普通人 »This was no ordinary meeting. 这次会议非同小可。 2. (disapproving) having no unusual or interesting features • 平庸的；平淡无奇的: »The meal was very ordinary. 这顿饭平常得很。 --› compareextraordinary(2) ♦ or∙din∙ari∙ness noun [U]
【IDIOMS】
◘ in the ordinary way (BrE) • used to say what normally happens in a particular situation • 一般地；通常地: »In the ordinary way, she's not a nervous person. 一般而言,她是个不爱紧张的人。 ◘ out of the 'ordinary • unusual or different • 不寻常；特殊；超凡脱俗: »I'm looking for something a little more out of the ordinary. 我正在找些稍不寻常的东西。
re∙li∙able / riˈlaiəbl / ◙ adj. 1. that can be trusted to do sth well; that you can rely on • 可信赖的；可依靠的 【SYN】dependable: »We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working. 我们在物色可靠而又勤奋的人。 »a reliable friend 可信赖的朋友 »My car's not as reliable as it used to be. 我的车不像过去那样靠得住了。 2. that is likely to be correct or true • 真实可信的；可靠的: »Our information comes from a reliable source. 我们的消息来源可靠。 »a reliable witness 可信的目击证人 【OPP】unreliable ♦ re∙li∙abil∙ity / riˌlaiəˈbiləti / noun [U] : »The incident cast doubt on her motives and reliability. 这件事使人怀疑她有何动机,以及她是否可靠。 »The reliability of these results has been questioned. 这些结果的可信程度已受到质疑。 ♦ re∙li∙ably / -əbli / adv.: »I am reliably informed (= told by sb who knows the facts) that the company is being sold. 有知情人告诉我公司要被卖掉。
ac∙cur∙ate / ˈækjərət / ◙ adj. 1. correct and true in every detail • 正确无误的: »an accurate description / account / calculation 准确的描述/敍述/计算 »accurate information / data 正确无误的情报/资料 »Accurate records must be kept. 必须保存准确的记录。 --› note attrue 2. able to give completely correct information or to do sth in an exact way • 精确的；准确的: »a highly accurate electronic compass 高度精确的电子罗盘仪 »accurate to within 3mm 精确得误差不超过 3 毫米 »My watch is not very accurate. 我的表走得不很准。 3. an accurate throw, shot, weapon, etc. hits or reaches the thing that it was aimed at • 准确的(掷、射、击等) 【OPP】inaccurate ♦ ac∙cur∙ate∙ly adv.: »The article accurately reflects public opinion. 文章如实反映了公众的意见。 »You need to hit the ball accurately. 你必须准确击球。
brief / bri:f / ◙ adj. (brief∙er, brief∙est) 1. lasting only a short time; short • 短时间的；短暂的: »a brief visit / meeting / conversation 短时间的访问/会议/交谈 »a brief pause / silence 暂时停顿/沉默 »Mozart's life was brief. 莫扎特的一生很短暂。 2. using few words • 简洁的；简单的: »a brief description / summary / account 简明扼要的描述/总结/敍述 »Please be brief (= say what you want to say quickly). 请简明扼要。 3. (of clothes 衣服) short and not covering much of the body • 过短的；暴露身体的: »a brief skirt 超短裙 --› see alsobrevity,briefly
【IDIOMS】
◘ in brief • in a few words, without details • 简言之；一言以蔽之: »In brief, the meeting was a disaster. 总之,那会议糟透了。 »Now the rest of the news in brief. 现在简要报道其他新闻。 ◙ noun --› see alsobriefs 1. (BrE) the instructions that a person is given explaining what their job is and what their duties are • 任务简介；指示: »It wasn't part of his brief to speak to the press. 交付他的任务不包括向新闻界发言。 »I was given the brief of reorganizing the department. 我被分派去改组这个部门。 »to stick to your brief (= to only do what you are asked to do) 仅做分内的事 »to prepare / produce a brief for sb 给某人准备/制订指示 2. (BrE) (law 律) a legal case that is given to a lawyer to argue in court; a piece of work for abarrister • (向辩护律师提供的)案情摘要；委托辩护 3. (NAmE) (law 律) a written summary of the facts that support six side of a legal case, that will be presented to a court • 辩护状 4. (BrE, informal) asolicitoror a defence lawyer • 事务律师；辩护律师: »I want to see my brief. 我想见我的律师。 ◘ hold no brief for sb / sth (BrE, formal) • to not support or be in favour of sb / sth • 不支持,不赞成(某人或某事)；不为…辩护: »I hold no brief for either side in this war. 这次战争的双方我都不支持。 ◙ verb 1. ~ sb (on / about sth) to give sb information about sth so that they are prepared to deal with it • 给(某人)指示；向(某人)介绍情况: ▪ [VN] »The officer briefed her on what to expect. 军官简要向她说了一下可能遇到的情况。 »I expect to be kept fully briefed at all times. 我希望随时向我报告全面情况。 ▪ [also VN to inf] --› comparedebrief 2. [VN VN to inf] (BrE) (law 律) to give a lawyer, especially abarrister, the main facts of a legal case so that it can be argued in court • 向(辩护律师)提供案情摘要
ac∙tual / ˈæktʃuəl / ◙ adj. [only before noun] 1. used to emphasize sth that is real or exists in fact • 真实的；实际的: »What were his actual words? 他确实是怎么说的？ »The actual cost was higher than we expected. 实际成本比我们预计的要高。 »James looks younger than his wife but in actual fact (= really) he is nine years older. 詹姆斯看起来比他妻子年轻,但实际上他还大了五岁。 2. used to emphasize the most important part of sth • (强调事情最重要的部份)真正的,…本身: »The wedding preparations take weeks but the actual ceremony takes less than an hour. 准备婚礼要几周,而婚礼仪式本身还不到一小时。
con∙firm / kənˈfə:m; NAmE -ˈfə:rm / ◙ verb 1. to state or show that sth is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence • (尤指提供证据来)证实,证明,确认: ▪ [VN] »Rumours of job losses were later confirmed. 裁员的传言后来得到了证实。 »His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions. 他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。 »Please write to confirm your reservation (= say that it is definite). 预订后请来函确认。 ▪ [V (that)] »Has everyone confirmed (that) they're coming? 他们是不是每个人都肯定过一定会来？ ▪ [V wh-] »Can you confirm what happened? 你能证实一下发生了什么事吗？ ▪ [VN that] »It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 已经确定会议将于下个星期举行。 2. [VN] ~ sth | ~ sb (in sth) to make sb feel or believe sth even more strongly • 使感觉更强烈；使确信: »The walk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights. 在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。 3. [VN] to make a position, an agreement, etc. more definite or official; to establish sb / sth firmly • 批准(职位、协议等)；确认；认可: »After a six-month probationary period, her position was confirmed. 经过六个月的试用期后,她获准正式担任该职。 »He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season. 他被正式任命在这个赛季剩下的一段时间内担任队长。 4. [VN] [usually passive] to make sb a full member of the Christian Church • (给某人)施放坚振,施坚信礼: »She was baptized when she was a month old and confirmed when she was thirteen. 她出生一个月时受洗礼,十三岁时受坚信礼。
agri∙cul∙ture / ˈæɡrikʌltʃə(r) / ◙ noun [U] • the science or practice of farming • 农业；农学；农艺: »The number of people employed in agriculture has fallen in the last decade. 过去十年,农业从业人数已经下降。 ♦ agri∙cul∙tural / ˌæɡriˈkʌltʃərəl / adj.: »agricultural policy / land / production / development 农业政策/土地/生产/发展
chan∙nel / ˈtʃænl / ◙ noun ›› ON TELEVISION / RADIO 电视；无线电 1. [C] a television station • 电视台: »What's on Channel 4 tonight? 电视四台今晚有什么节目？ »a movie / sports channel 电影/体育台 »to change / switch channels 换频道 2. [C] a band of radio waves used for broadcasting television or radio programmes • 频道；波段: »terrestrial / satellite channels 地面/衞星频道 ›› FOR COMMUNICATING 交流 3. [C] (also chan∙nels [pl.]) a method or system that people use to get information, to communicate, or to send sth somewhere • 途径；渠道；系统: »Complaints must be made through the proper channels. 投诉必须通过正当途径进行。 »The newsletter is a useful channel of communication between teacher and students. 发简讯是沟通师生的有益渠道。 »The company has worldwide distribution channels. 这家公司拥有遍布全世界的销售网络。 ›› FOR IDEAS / FEELINGS 思想感情 4. [C] a way of expressing ideas and feelings • (表达的)方式,方法,手段: »The campaign provided a channel for protest against the war. 这场运动是反对战争的一种方式。 »Music is a great channel for releasing your emotions. 欣赏音乐是宣泄情感的好方法。 ›› WATER 水 5. [C] a passage that water can flow along, especially in the ground, on the bottom of a river, etc. • 水渠；沟渠；河槽: »drainage channels in the rice fields 稻田的排水沟 6. [C] a deep passage of water in a river or near the coast that can be used as route for ships • 水道；航道 7. [C] a passage of water that connects two areas of water, especially two seas • 海峡: »the Bristol Channel 布里斯托尔海峡 8. the Channel [sing.] the area of sea between England and France, also known as the English Channel • 英吉利海峡: »the Channel Tunnel 英吉利海峡隧道 »cross-Channel ferries 横渡英吉利海峡的渡船 »news from across the Channel (= from France) 来自英吉利海峡对岸(指法国)的消息 ◙ verb (-ll-,NAmE usually -l-) ▪ [VN] ›› IDEAS / FEELINGS 思想感情 1. ~ sth (into sth) to direct money, feelings, ideas, etc. towards a particular thing or purpose • 为…引资；引导；贯注: »He channels his aggression into sport. 他把他的好斗劲倾注于体育比赛之中。 ›› MONEY / HELP 金钱；帮助 2. ~ sth (through sth) to send money, help, etc. using a particular route • (利用某途径)输送资金,提供帮助: »Money for the project will be channelled through local government. 这个项目的资金将由地方政府提供。 ›› WATER / LIGHT 水；光 3. to carry or send water, light, etc. through a passage • (经过通道)输送,传送: »A sensor channels the light signal along an optical fibre. 传感器沿光导纤维输送光信号。
fa∙vour (BrE) (NAmEfavor) / ˈfeivə(r) / ◙ noun ›› HELP 帮助 1. [C] a thing that you do to help sb • 帮助；好事；恩惠: »Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today? 今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？ »Can I ask a favour ? 请帮个忙行吗？ »I would never ask for any favours from her. 我再也不会请她帮任何忙了。 »I'm going as a favour to Ann, not because I want to. 我去是给安一个面子,而不是我想去。 »I'll ask Steve to take it. He owes me a favour. 我要请史蒂夫接受。他欠我一个情。 »Thanks for helping me out. I'll return the favour (= help you because you have helped me) some time. 多谢你帮了我个大忙。总有一天我会报答你的。 »Do yourself a favour (= help yourself) and wear a helmet on the bike. 要照顾自己,骑车戴上头盔。 ›› APPROVAL 赞同 2. [U] approval or support for sb / sth • 赞同；支持: »The suggestion to close the road has found favour with (= been supported by) local people. 关闭这条路的建议已得到当地人的支持。 »The programme has lost favour with viewers recently. 近来这个节目已不受观众欢迎。 »an athlete who fell from favour after a drugs scandal 在毒品丑闻以后不再受人喜爱的运动员 »(formal) The government looks with favour upon (= approves of) the report's recommendations. 政府赞同报告所提出的建议。 »She's not in favour with (= supported or liked by) the media just now. 目前她没有媒体的捧场。 »It seems Tim is back in favour with the boss (= the boss likes him again). 看来蒂姆又赢得了老板的好感。 ›› BETTER TREATMENT 优惠 3. [U] treatment that is generous to one person or group in a way that seems unfair to others • 特别照顾；偏袒；偏爱 【SYN】bias: »As an examiner, she showed no favour to any candidate. 作为主考人她没有偏袒任何应试者。 ›› PARTY GIFT 聚会小礼物 4. favors [pl.] (NAmE) =party favors ›› SEX 性 5. favours [pl.] (old-fashioned) agreement to have sex with sb • 同意性交: »demands for sexual favours 对性交的要求
【IDIOMS】
◘ do sb no 'favours • to do sth that is not helpful to sb or that gives a bad impression of them • 无助于某人；给某人留下坏印象: »You're not doing yourself any favours, working for nothing. 你干活不取报酬,对自己没有任何好处。 »The orchestra did Beethoven no favours. 这个交响乐团没有把贝多芬的乐曲演奏好。 ◘ do me a 'favour! • (informal) used in reply to a question that you think is silly • (回答认为是愚蠢的问题)得了吧: »'Do you think they'll win?' 'Do me a favour! They haven't got a single decent player.' "你认为他们会赢吗？" "得了吧！他们连一个像样的运动员都没有。" ◘ in favour (of sb / sth) 1. if you are in favour of sb / sth, you support and agree with them / it • 赞同；支持: »He argued in favour of a strike. 他据理力争主张罢工。 »There were 247 votes in favour (of the motion) and 152 against. 有 247 票赞成(动议),152 票反对。 »I'm all in favour of (= completely support) equal pay for equal work. 我完全支持同工同酬。 »Most of the 'don't knows' in the opinion polls came down in favour of (= eventually chose to support) the Democrats. 在民意测验中多数未作决定的选民最终决定支持民主党人。 2. in exchange for another thing (because the other thing is better or you want it more) • 为获得(更好或更需要的事物): »He abandoned teaching in favour of a career as a musician. 他弃教从事音乐。 ◘ in sb's favour 1. if sth is in sb's favour, it gives them an advantage or helps them • 有利于某人；有助于某人: »The exchange rate is in our favour at the moment. 目前汇率对我们有利。 »She was willing to bend the rules in Mary's favour. 她愿意放宽规定以有利于玛丽。 2. a decision or judgement that is in sb's favour benefits that person or says that they were right • 对某人有利的决定；判某人正确的判决 --› more atcurryv.,fearn.,stacked◙ verb ›› PREFER 较喜欢 1. to prefer one system, plan, way of doing sth, etc. to another • 较喜欢；选择: ▪ [VN] »Many countries favour a presidential system of government. 很多国家选择总统制政府。 ▪ [also V -ing VN -ing] ›› TREAT BETTER 优惠 2. [VN] to treat sb better than you treat other people, especially in an unfair way • 优惠；特别照顾；偏袒: »The treaty seems to favour the US. 这个条约似乎偏向美国。 ›› HELP 帮助 3. [VN] to provide suitable conditions for a particular person, group, etc. • 有助于；有利于: »The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants. 温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。 ›› LOOK LIKE PARENT 外貌像父母 4. [VN] (old-fashioned) or • (NAmE) • to look like one of your parents or older relations • 外貌像,长得像(父母或长辈): »She definitely favours her father. 她酷似她父亲。
ˌpoint of 'view ◙ noun (pl. points of view) 1. the particular attitude or opinion that sb has about sth • 观点；态度；意见；看法: »Why can't you ever see my point of view? 你怎么老不明白我的观点呢？ »There are a number of different points of view on this issue. 在这个问题上意见纷纭。 »From my point of view (= as far as I was concerned), the party was a complete success. 依我看这次聚会非常圆满。 2. a particular way of considering or judging a situation • 考虑角度；判断方法 【SYN】angle: »These statistics are important from an ecological point of view. 就生态学而言,这些统计数字很重要。 »The book is written from the father's point of view. 这本书是从父亲的角度写的。
ca∙tas∙trophe / kəˈtæstrəfi / ◙ noun 1. a sudden event that causes many people to suffer • 灾难；灾祸；横祸 【SYN】disaster: »Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major catastrophe. 提前发出的洪水水位上涨警报防止了又一次的重大灾害。 2. an event that causes six person or a group of people personal suffering, or that makes difficulties • 不幸事件；困难: »The attempt to expand the business was a catastrophe for the firm. 扩展业务的尝试使这家公司陷入困境。 »We've had a few catastrophes with the food for the party. 我们为聚会准备食物时遇到了一些困难。 ♦ cata∙stroph∙ic / ˌkætəˈstrɔfik; NAmE -ˈstrɑ:- / 【SYŋ】disastrousadj.: »catastrophic effects / losses / results 灾难性的影响/损失/结果 »(US) a catastrophic illness (= six that costs a very large amount to treat) 要花费巨资治疗的疾病 ♦ cata∙stroph∙ic∙al∙ly / -kli / adv.re∙source / riˈsɔ:s; -ˈzɔ:s; NAme ˈri:sɔ:rs; riˈsɔ:rs / ◙ noun 1. [C, usually pl.] a supply of sth that a country, an organization or a person has and can use, especially to increase their wealth • 资源；财力: »the exploitation of minerals and other natural resources 矿产和其他自然资源的开发 »We do not have the resources (= money) to update our computer software. 我们没有钱来更新我们的电脑软件。 »We must make the most efficient use of the available financial resources. 我们必须最有效地利用现有财力。 »We agreed to pool our resources (= so that everyone gives sth). 我们同意把我们的资财集中起来。 --› see alsohuman resources 2. [C] something that can be used to help achieve an aim, especially a book, equipment, etc. that provides information for teachers and students • 有助于实现目标的东西；资料: »The database could be used as a teaching resource in colleges. 数据库可以用作大学里的一种教学辅助手段。 »Time is your most valuable resource, especially in examinations. 时间是你最有价值的帮手,尤其是在考试中。 »resource books for teachers 教师参考书 3. resources [pl.] personal qualities such as courage and imagination that help you deal with difficult situations • 勇气；才智；谋略: »He has no inner resources and hates being alone. 他没有什么内在精神寄托,因而害怕孤独。 ◙ verb [VN] • to provide sth with the money or equipment that is needed • 向…提供资金(或设备): »Schools in the area are still inadequately resourced. 本地区的学校仍然没有足够的资金。
acre / ˈeikə(r) / ◙ noun • a unit for measuring an area of land; 4 840 square yards or about 4 050 square metres • 英亩(4 840 平方码,约为 4 050 平方米): »3 000 acres of parkland * 3 000 英亩开阔绿地 »a three-acre wood 一片三英亩的林地 »(informal) Each house has acres of space around it (= a lot of space). 每座房屋四周都有大量空地。
rain∙for∙est / ˈreinfɔrist; NAme -fɔ:r-; -fɑ:r- / ◙ noun [C, U] • a thick forest in tropical parts of the world that have a lot of rain • (热带)雨林: »the Amazon rainforest 亚马孙雨林
in∙come / ˈinkʌm; -kəm / ◙ noun [C, U] • the money that a person, a region, a country, etc. earns from work, from investing money, from business, etc. • 收入；收益；所得: »people on high / low incomes 高/低收入的人 »a weekly disposable income (= the money that you have left to spend after tax, etc.) of £200 * 200 英镑的税后实得周薪 »a rise in national income 国民收入的增长 »They receive a proportion of their income from the sale of goods and services. 他们一部份的收入来自出售货品和各种服务所得。 »Tourism is a major source of income for the area. 旅游业是这个地区的主要收入来源。 »higher / middle / lower income groups 较高/中等/较低收入阶层 --› compareexpendituregen∙et∙ics / dʒəˈnetiks / ◙ noun [U] • the scientific study of the ways in which different characteristics are passed from each generation of living things to the next • 遗传学
fright∙en / ˈfraitn / ◙ verb • to make sb suddenly feel afraid • 使惊吓；使惊恐: ▪ [VN] »Sorry, I didn't mean to frighten you. 对不起,我没有吓唬你的意思。 »She's not easily frightened. 她不是轻易吓倒的。 ▪ [V] »She doesn't frighten easily (= it is not easy to make her afraid). 她不是轻易吓倒的。 ▪ [also VN to inf]
◘ ˌfrighten sb / sth∽a'way / 'off ◘ | ˌfrighten sb / sth a'way from sth 1. to make a person or an animal go away by making them feel afraid • 把…吓走(或吓跑): »He threatened the intruders with a gun and frightened them off. 他用枪威胁闯入者,把他们吓跑了。 2. to make sb afraid or nervous so that they no longer want to do sth • 把…吓得不敢(做某事): »The high prices have frightened off many customers. 高价使许多顾客却步。 ◘ 'frighten sb into sth / into doing sth • to make sb do sth by making them afraid • 把…吓得做某事
mod∙ify / ˈmɔdifai; NAme ˈmɑ:d- / ◙ verb (modi∙fies, modi∙fy∙ing, modi∙fied, modi∙fied) ▪ [VN] 1. to change sth slightly, especially in order to make it more suitable for a particular purpose • 调整；稍作修改；使更适合 【SYN】adapt: »The software we use has been modified for us. 我们使用的软件已按我们的需要作过修改。 »Patients are taught how to modify their diet. 病人获得有关如何调节自己饮食的指导。 2. to make sth less extreme • 缓和；使温和 【SYN】adjust: »to modify your behaviour / language / views 使你的行为/语言/观点更容易让人接受 3. (grammar 语法) a word, such as an adjective or adverb, that modifies another word or group of words describes it or restricts its meaning in some way • 修饰: »In 'walk slowly', the adverb 'slowly' modifies the verb 'walk'. 在 walk slowly 中,副词 slowly 修饰动词 walk。
in∙sert ◙ verb / inˈsə:t; NAme inˈsə:rt / ▪ əʒŋ] 1. ~ sth (in / into / between sth) to put sth into sth else or between two things • 插入；嵌入: »Insert coins into the slot and press for a ticket. 把硬币放进投币口,按钮取票。 »They inserted a tube in his mouth to help him breathe. 他们在他嘴里插了根导管帮助他呼吸。 2. ~ sth (into sth) to add sth to a piece of writing • (在文章中)添加,加插: »Position the cursor where you want to insert a word. 把光标移到你想插入字词的地方。 »Later, he inserted another paragraph into his will. 后来他在他的遗嘱中又加了一段。 ◙ noun / ˈinsə:t; NAme ˈinsə:rt / ~ (in sth) 1. an extra section added to a book, newspaper or magazine, especially to advertise sth • (书报的)插页,广告附加页: »an 8-page insert on the new car models 附加的 8 页新型汽车广告 2. something that is put inside sth else, or added to sth else • 插入物；添加物: »These inserts fit inside any style of shoe. 这些鞋垫适合任何式样的鞋。
DNA / ˌdi: en ˈei / ◙ noun [U] • (chemistry 化) deoxyribonucleic acid (the chemical in the cells of animals and plants that carriesgeneticinformation and is a type ofnucleic acid) • 脱氧核糖核酸(动植物的细胞中带有基因信息的化学物质): »a DNA test * DNA 测试
pest / pest / ◙ noun 1. an insect or animal that destroys plants, food, etc. • 害虫；害兽；害鸟: »pest control 害虫防治 »insect / plant / garden pests 害虫；作物/花园害虫 2. (informal) an annoying person or thing • 讨厌的人(或物): »That child is being a real pest. 那个孩子真讨厌。
profit / ˈprɔfit; NAme ˈprɑ:fit / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] ~ on sth | ~ from sth the money that you make in business or by selling things, especially after paying the costs involved • 利润；收益；赢利: »a rise / an increase / a drop / a fall in profits 收益的上升/增长/跌落/下降 »The company made a healthy profit on the deal. 公司在这笔生意中获利颇丰。 »Profit from exports rose 7.3%. 出口利润增长了 7.3%。 »Net profit (= after you have paid costs and tax) was up 16.1%. 纯利润上升了 16.1%。 »The sale generated record profits. 这笔生意带来了创纪录的收益。 »We should be able to sell the house at a profit. 我们卖掉这座房子应该可以获利。 »The agency is voluntary and not run for profit. 这个机构是义务性的,不是为了赢利。 【OPP】loss 2. [U] (formal) the advantage that you get from doing sth • 好处；利益；裨益: »Future lawyers could study this text with profit. 未来的律师研读这一文本也许会有裨益。 ◙ verb • ~ (by / from sth) (formal) to get sth useful from a situation; to be useful to sb or give them an advantage • 获益；得到好处；对…有用(或有益): ▪ [V] »Farmers are profiting from the new legislation. 新法规使农民受益。 »We tried to profit by our mistakes (= learn from them). 我们努力从错误中吸取教训。 ▪ [VN] »Many local people believe the development will profit them. 当地的许多人认为,这项开发将对他们有利。
chain / tʃein / ◙ noun ›› METAL RINGS 金属链 1. [C, U] a series of connected metal rings, used for pulling or fastening things; a length of chain used for a particular purpose • 链子；链条；锁链: »a short length of chain 一截短链条 »She wore a heavy gold chain around her neck. 她戴着一条粗实的金项链。 »The mayor wore his chain of office. 市长佩戴着标志他职务的链徽。 »a bicycle chain 自行车链条 »The prisoners were kept in chains (= with chains around their arms and legs, to prevent them from escaping). 囚犯带着镣铐。 ›› CONNECTED THINGS 相关连的事 2. [C] a series of connected things or people • 一系列,一连串(人或事): »to set in motion a chain of events 触发一连串的事件 »a chain of command (= a system in an organization by which instructions are passed from six person to another) 指挥系统 »mountain / island chains 山脉；岛群 »Volunteers formed a human chain to rescue precious items from the burning house. 志愿者排成一条长龙,从着火的房子里手传手把贵重物品抢救出来。 --› see alsofood chain ›› OF SHOPS / HOTELS 商店；旅馆 3. [C] a group of shops / stores or hotels owned by the same company • 连锁商店: »a chain of supermarkets / a supermarket chain 连锁超市 ›› RESTRICTION 限制 4. [C, usually pl.] (formal or literary) a thing that restricts sb's freedom or ability to do sth • 约束；束缚: »the chains of fear / misery 恐惧的桎梏；苦难的枷锁 ›› IN HOUSE BUYING 购房 5. [C, usually sing.] (BrE) a situation in which a number of people selling and buying houses must each complete the sale of their house before buying from the next person • 连环式(指一群房主先售后购的置屋方式)
【IDIOMS】
--› seeballn.,linkn.,weak◙ verb [VN] • [often passive] ~ sb / sth (to sb / sth) | ~ sb / sth (up) to fasten sth with a chain; to fasten sb / sth to another person or thing with a chain, so that they do not escape or get stolen • 用锁链拴住(或束缚、固定): »The doors were always locked and chained. 那些门总是上着锁链。 »She chained her bicycle to the gate. 她用链子把自行车锁在大门上。 »The dog was chained up for the night. 夜间那条狗用链子拴起来。 »(figurative) I've been chained to my desk all week (= because there was so much work). 我整个星期都在伏案工作,脱不开身。
'food chain ◙ noun (usually the food chain) • a series of living creatures in which each type of creature feeds on the one below it in the series • 食物链: »Insects are fairly low down (on) the food chain. 在食物链中,昆虫是相当低的一级生物。
per∙mis∙sion / pəˈmiʃn; NAme pərˈm- / ◙ noun 1. [U] ~ (for sth) | ~ (for sb / sth) (to do sth) the act of allowing sb to do sth, especially when this is done by sb in a position of authority • 准许；许可；批准: »You must ask permission for all major expenditure. 一切重大开支均须报请批准。 »The school has been refused permission to expand. 学校扩充未得到许可。 »No official permission has been given for the event to take place. 这项活动未得到正式批准,不能进行。 »She took the car without permission. 她未经许可擅自使用了汽车。 »poems reprinted by kind permission of the author 经作者慨然许可后重印的诗歌 »(formal) With your permission, I'd like to say a few words. 如蒙允许,我想讲几句话。 2. [C, usually pl.] an official written statement allowing sb to do sth • 许可证；书面许可: »The publisher is responsible for obtaining the necessary permissions to reproduce illustrations. 出版者负责申办准予使用他人插图的必要许可文件。 --› see alsoplanning permission