m6u1

com∙edy / ˈkɔmədi; NAmE ˈkɑ:m- /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [C, U] a play or film / movie that is intended to be funny, usually with a happy ending; plays and films / movies of this type
• 喜剧；喜剧片:
»a romantic comedy
  浪漫喜剧
--› compare tragedy (2)
»slapstick comedy
  打闹剧
--› see also black adj. (9), situation comedy
2. [U] an amusing aspect of sth
• 滑稽；幽默；诙谐
【SYN】 humour :
»He didn't appreciate the comedy of the situation.
  他未领略到这种局面的滑稽可笑之处。

week∙ly / ˈwi:kli /
◙ adj.
• happening, done or published once a week or every week
• 每周的:
»weekly meetings
  周会
»a weekly magazine
  周刊
♦ week∙ly adv.:
»Employees are paid weekly.
  雇员按周领工资。
»The newspaper is published twice weekly.
  这份报纸每周出版两次。

◙ noun (pl. -ies)
• a newspaper or magazine that is published every week
• 周报；周刊

cross∙talk / ˈkrɔstɔ:k; NAmE ˈkrɔ:s- /
◙ noun [U]
• (technical 术语) a situation in which a communications system is picking up the wrong signals
• (通讯系统的)串话,串扰

'stand-up
◙ adj. [only before noun]
1. stand-up comedy consists of one person standing in front of an audience and telling jokes
• (喜剧节目)单人表演的,单口的
2. (especially BrE) a stand-up argument, fight, etc. is one in which people shout loudly at each other or are violent towards each other
• 激烈的(争论、打斗等)
3. worn, used, etc. in a vertical position
• 直立的；挺立的:
»a stand-up collar
立领

◙ noun
1. [U] stand-up comedy
• 独角喜剧；单口相声:
»When did you start doing stand-up?
你什么时候开始表演独白喜剧的？
2. [C] a person who performs stand-up comedy
• 独白喜剧演员；单口相声演员:
»She started out as a stand-up.
她出道时是个独角喜剧演员。

stage / steidʒ /
◙ noun
›› PERIOD / STATE 时期；状态
1. [C] a period or state that sth / sb passes through while developing or making progress
• (发展或进展的)时期,阶段,状态:
»This technology is still in its early stages.
  这项技术还处于其早期开发状态。
»The children are at different stages of development.
  这些孩子处于不同的成长阶段。
»The product is at the design stage.
  产品处于设计阶段。
»People tend to work hard at this stage of life.
  人在这个人生阶段往往发奋努力。
»At six stage it looked as though they would win.
  有一段时间,他们好像大有获胜的希望。
»Don't worry about the baby not wanting to leave you—it's a stage they go through.
  宝宝不肯离开你别担心,他们总要经过这个阶段。
›› PART OF PROCESS 程序
2. [C] a separate part that a process, etc. is divided into
• 段；步；步骤
【SYN】 phase :
»We did the first stage of the trip by train.
  旅行的第一段我们乘的是火车。
»The police are building up a picture of the incident stage by stage.
  警方正逐步摸清那次事件的经过。
»The pay increase will be introduced in stages (= not all at once).
  工资的提高将分步进行。
»We can take the argument six stage further.
  我们可以把辩论更深入一步。
›› THEATRE 剧场
3. [C] a raised area, usually in a theatre, etc. where actors, dancers, etc. perform
• (多指剧场中的)舞台:
»The audience threw flowers onto the stage.
  观众把鲜花抛向舞台。
»There were more than 50 people on stage in six scene.
  有一场戏中舞台上的人有 50 多个。
»They marched off stage to the sound of trumpets.
  在号角声中,他们阔步退下舞台。
--› see also backstage , offstage , onstage
4. (often the stage) [sing.] the theatre and the world of acting as a form of entertainment
• 戏剧；戏剧表演；戏剧界:
»His parents didn't want him to go on the stage (= to be an actor).
  他父母不想让他当演员。
»She was a popular star of stage and screen (= theatre and cinema / movies).
  她是观众喜爱的舞台银幕两栖明星。
›› IN POLITICS 政界
5. [sing.] an area of activity where important things happen, especially in politics
• (政治等活动的)领域；(政治)舞台:
»She was forced to the centre of the political stage.
  她被推到了政治舞台的中心。
»Germany is playing a leading role on the international stage.
  德国在国际政治舞台上起着主导作用。
--› see also centre stage
›› CARRIAGE 马车
6. [C] (old-fashioned, informal) = stagecoach
--› see also landing stage

【IDIOMS】

◘ set the 'stage for sth
• to make it possible for sth to happen; to make sth likely to happen
• 使某事成为可能；为某事铺平了道路

◙ verb [VN]
1. to organize and present a play or an event for people to see
• 上演；举办；举行:
»to stage a ceremony / an event / an exhibition
  举行仪式/活动/展览
»The local theatre group is staging a production of 'Hamlet'.
  当地剧团在上演《哈姆雷特》。
»Birmingham has bid to stage the next national athletics championships.
  伯明翰申办下届全国田径锦标赛。
2. to organize and take part in action that needs careful planning, especially as a public protest
• 组织；筹划:
»to stage a strike / demonstration / march / protest
  组织罢工/示威/游行/抗议活动
3. to make sth happen
• 使发生；使出现:
»The dollar staged a recovery earlier today.
  今天早些时候,美元出现回升。
»After nine years in retirement, he staged a comeback to international tennis.
  退役五年之后,他又复出国际网坛。

com∙edian / kəˈmi:diən /
◙ noun
• an entertainer who makes people laugh by telling jokes or funny stories
• 滑稽演员；喜剧演员

tease / ti:z /
◙ verb
1. to laugh at sb and make jokes about them, either in a friendly way or in order to annoy or embarrass them
• 取笑；戏弄；揶揄；寻开心:
▪ [V]
»Don't get upset—I was only teasing.
  别不高兴,我只是在逗你玩。
▪ [VN]
»I used to get teased about my name.
  过去别人总拿我的名字开玩笑。
▪ [also V speech also VN speech]
2. [VN] to annoy an animal, especially by touching it, pulling its tail, etc.
• 招惹,逗弄(动物)
3. [V VN] (disapproving) to make sb sexually excited, especially when you do not intend to have sex with them
• 挑逗,撩拨(异性)
4. [VN] to pull sth gently apart into separate pieces
• 梳理:
»to tease wool into strands
  把羊毛梳成缕
5. [VN] (NAmE) = backcomb

【PHR V】

◘ ˌtease sth∽'out
1. to remove knots from hair, wool, etc. by gently pulling or brushing it
• 梳理,梳通(毛发等)
2. to spend time trying to find out information or the meaning of sth, especially when this is complicated or difficult
• 探讨；深入研究；梳理清楚:
»The teacher helped them tease out the meaning of the poem.
老师帮助他们弄清楚那首诗的含义。

◙ noun [usually sing.]
1. a person who likes to play tricks and jokes on other people, especially by telling them sth that is not true or by not telling them sth that they want to know
• 爱戏弄人的人；逗弄者；取笑者
2. an act that is intended as a trick or joke
• 戏弄；捉弄；取笑
3. (disapproving) a person who pretends to be attracted to sb, makes them sexually excited and then refuses to have sex with them
• 卖弄风骚的人；勾引人者

tea∙sel (also tea∙zle) / ˈti:zl /
◙ noun
• a plant which has large flowers with spikes , used in the past for brushing cloth to give it a smooth surface
• 川续断,起绒草(旧时用以使织物表面起绒)

pre∙vi∙ous / ˈpri:viəs /
◙ adj. [only before noun]
1. happening or existing before the event or object that you are talking about
• 先前的；以往的
【SYN】 prior :
»No previous experience is necessary for this job.
  这一工作无需相关的经验。
»The car has only had one previous owner.
  这辆汽车以前没换过车主。
»She is his daughter from a previous marriage.
  她是他与前妻生的女儿。
»I was unable to attend because of a previous engagement.
  我因有约在先,无法出席。
»The judge will take into consideration any previous convictions.
  任何前科法官都将予以考虑。
2. immediately before the time you are talking about
• (时间上)稍前的
【SYN】 preceding :
»I couldn't believe it when I heard the news. I'd only seen him the previous day.
  听到这消息时,我不敢相信；我就在前一天还见到过他。
♦ pre∙vi∙ous∙ly adv.:
»The building had previously been used as a hotel.
  这座楼房早先曾用作旅馆。
»I had visited them three days previously.
  我之前曾探访过他们三天。
♦ pre∙vi∙ous to prep.:
»Previous to this, she'd always been well.
  这以前,她身体一向很好。

var∙iety / vəˈraiəti /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [sing.] ~ (of sth) several different sorts of the same thing
• (同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样:
»There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.
  有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
»He resigned for a variety of reasons.
  他由于种种原因辞职了。
»This tool can be used in a variety of ways.
  这一工具有多种用途。
»I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer.
  所供应的菜肴之丰盛让我心动。
2. [U] the quality of not being the same or not doing the same thing all the time
• 变化；多样化；多变性
【SYN】 diversity :
»We all need variety in our diet.
  我们都需要饮食多样化。
»We want more variety in our work.
  我们希望我们的工作多变点儿花样。
3. [C] ~ (of sth) a type of a thing, for example a plant or language, that is different from the others in the same general group
• (植物、语言等的)变种,变体；异体；品种:
»Apples come in a great many varieties.
  苹果的品种繁多。
»a rare variety of orchid
  兰花的稀有品种
»different varieties of English
  各类英语
»My cooking is of the 'quick and simple' variety.
  我做饭菜属于既快捷又简单的那一类。
4. (NAmE also vaude∙ville) [U] a form of theatre or television entertainment that consists of a series of short performances, such as singing, dancing and funny acts
• 综艺节目(包括歌舞、杂耍等的舞台演出或电视节目):
»a variety show / theatre
  综艺节目/剧场

【IDIOMS】

◘ variety is the spice of 'life
•(saying) new and exciting experiences make life more interesting
• 经历丰富多彩才令生活充满乐趣

style / stail /
◙ noun
›› WAY STH IS DONE 做事方式
1. [C, U] ~ (of sth) the particular way in which sth is done
• 方式；作风:
»a style of management
  管理方式
»a management style
  管理方式
»furniture to suit your style of living
  适合你的生活方式的家具
»a study of different teaching styles
  对不同教学方式的研究
»I like your style (= I like the way you do things).
  我喜欢你做事的方式。
»Caution was not her style (= not the way she usually behaved).
  她不是那种谨小慎微的人。
»I'm surprised he rides a motorbike—I'd have thought big cars were more his style (= what suited him).
  没想到他骑的是摩托车。我还以为他喜欢大轿车呢。
--› see also lifestyle
›› DESIGN OF CLOTHES / HAIR 服式；发型
2. [C] a particular design of sth, especially clothes
• 样式；款式:
»We stock a wide variety of styles and sizes.
  我们有各种款式各种尺码的货品。
»Have you thought about having your hair in a shorter style?
  你有没有想过剪个短发型？
--› see also hairstyle
3. [U] the quality of being fashionable in the clothes that you wear
• (指服装)时新,时髦,流行式样:
»style-conscious teenagers
  讲究时髦的青少年
»Short skirts are back in style (= fashionable).
  短裙子又流行起来了。
›› BEING ELEGANT 格调优雅
4. [U] the quality of being elegant and made to a high standard
• 优雅格调；精致性；品位；风度；气派:
»The hotel has been redecorated but it's lost a lot of its style.
  旅馆已重新装修,但昔日优雅格调所剩不多。
»She does everything with style and grace.
  她凡事都做得优雅得体。
›› OF BOOK / PAINTING / BUILDING 书；画；建筑物
5. [C, U] the features of a book, painting, building, etc. that make it typical of a particular author, artist, historical period, etc.
• 风格；体:
»a style of architecture
  建筑风格
»a fine example of Gothic style
  哥特风格的佳例
»a parody written in the style of Molière
  一部模仿莫里哀风格的滑稽喜剧
›› USE OF LANGUAGE 语言运用
6. [U, C] the correct use of language
• 语言规范；好的文风:
»It's not considered good style to start a sentence with 'but'.
  人们认为,一句话用 but 开头不是好的文风。
»Please follow house style (= the rules of spelling, etc. used by a particular publishing company).
  请遵循本社的行文格式。
›› -STYLE 样式
7. (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the type of style mentioned
• …式的；…风格的:
»Italian-style gardens
  意大利风格的花园
»a buffet-style breakfast
  自助式早餐
--› see also old-style
›› IN A PLANT 植物
8. (biology 生) the long thin part of a flower that carries the stigma
• 花柱

【IDIOMS】

◘ in (great, grand, etc.) style
• in an impressive way
• 气派；隆重；气势非凡:
»She always celebrates her birthday in style.
她的生日总是过得很排场。
»He won the championship in great style.
他赢得了冠军,尽显大将风度。
--› more at cramp v.

◙ verb
›› CLOTHES / HAIR, ETC. 服装、头发等
1. [VN] to design, make or shape sth in a particular way
• 把…设计(或缝制、做)成某种式样:
»an elegantly styled jacket
  式样高雅的上衣
»He'd had his hair styled at an expensive salon.
  他去一家豪华美容厅做了头发。
›› GIVE NAME / TITLE 称呼
2. [VN-N] (formal) to give sb / sth / yourself a particular name or title
• 称呼；命名；称:
»He styled himself Major Carter.
  他自称卡特少校。

【PHR V】

◘ 'style sth / yourself on sth / sb
• to copy the style, manner or appearance of sb / sth
• 模仿…的风格(或举止、外观)
【SYN】 model :
»a coffee bar styled on a Parisian cafe
仿照巴黎咖啡馆而设计的一家咖啡馆
»He styled himself on Elvis Presley.
他模仿埃尔维斯 · 普雷斯利唱歌。

be∙have / biˈheiv /
◙ verb
1. [V +adv. / prep.] to do things in a particular way
• 表现
【SYN】 act :
»The doctor behaved very unprofessionally.
  那位医生的做法违反专业道德。
»They behaved very badly towards their guests.
  他们对客人们很不礼貌。
»He behaved like a true gentleman.
  他的行为像个真正的绅士。
»She behaved with great dignity.
  她显得很尊贵。
»He behaved as if / though nothing had happened.
  他显得像是什么都没发生过。
»They behave differently when you're not around.
  你不在时他们就是另一副面孔。

【HELP】In spoken English people often use like instead of as if or as though, especially in NAmE : He behaved like nothing had happened. This is not considered correct in written BrE.
• 英语口语中,尤其是北美英语,常用 like 代替 as if 或 as though: He behaved like nothing had happened. 书面英国英语中,此用法被视为不正确。

2. ~ (yourself) to do things in a way that people think is correct or polite
• 表现得体；有礼貌:
▪ [V]
»Will you kids just behave!
  孩子们,规矩点！
»She doesn't know how to behave in public.
  她在公共场合举止无措。
▪ [VN]
»I want you to behave yourselves while I'm away.
  我不在家时你要乖乖的。
【OPP】 misbehave
3. -behaved (in adjectives 构成形容词) behaving in the way mentioned
• 表现得…的:
»well- / badly-behaved children
  表现好/差的孩子
4. [V +adv. / prep.] (technical 术语) to naturally react, move, etc. in a particular way
• 作某种自然反应(或变化等):
»a study of how metals behave under pressure
  对于金属受压反应的研究

【IDIOMS】

--› see own v.

vis∙ual / ˈviʒuəl /
◙ adj.
• of or connected with seeing or sight
• 视力的；视觉的:
»I have a very good visual memory.
  我过目不忘。
»the visual arts
  视觉艺术
»The building makes a tremendous visual impact.
  这栋建筑物给人以极其深刻的视觉印象。
♦ visu∙al∙ly adv.:
»visually handicapped / impaired
  有视力障碍的；视力受损的
»visually exciting
  看上去令人兴奋

◙ noun
• a picture, map, piece of film, etc. used to make an article or a talk easier to understand or more interesting
• 视觉资料(指说明性的图片、影片等):
»He used striking visuals to get his point across.
他用醒目的视觉资料解释他的观点。

ham∙mer / ˈhæmə(r) /
◙ noun
›› TOOL 工具
1. [C] a tool with a handle and a heavy metal head, used for breaking things or hitting nails
• 锤子；榔头: (figurative)
»The decision is a hammer blow for the steel industry.
这一决定对于钢铁业是一个沉重的打击。
--› see also sledgehammer
2. [C] a tool with a handle and a wooden head, used by a person in charge of an auction (= a sale at which things are sold to the person who offers the most money) in order to get people's attention when sth is just being sold
• (拍卖用的)木槌:
»to come / go under the hammer (= to be sold at auction )
被拍卖
›› IN PIANO 钢琴
3. [C] a small wooden part inside a piano, that hits the strings to produce a sound
• 音槌
›› IN GUN 枪炮
4. [C] a part inside a gun that makes the gun fire
• 击铁
›› SPORT 体育运动
5. [C] a metal ball attached to a wire, thrown as a sport
• 链球
6. the hammer [sing.] the event or sport of throwing the hammer
• 掷链球(运动)

【IDIOMS】

◘ ˌhammer and 'tongs
• if two people are at it hammer and tongs or go at it hammer and tongs, they argue or fight with a lot of energy and noise
• 激烈争吵(或打斗)

◙ verb
›› HIT WITH TOOL 用工具锤打
1. ~ sth (in / into / onto sth) to hit sth with a hammer
• (用锤子)敲,锤打
▪ [V]
»I could hear somebody hammering next door.
  我能听到隔壁有人在锤打东西。
▪ [VN]
»She hammered the nail into the wall.
  她把钉子钉到墙上。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
»He was hammering the sheet of copper flat.
  他正把铜片锤平。
›› HIT MANY TIMES 连续敲打
2. to hit sth hard many times, especially so that it makes a loud noise
• 反复敲打,连续击打(尤指发出大声)
【SYN】 pound :
▪ [V]
»Someone was hammering at the door.
  有人在砰砰地打门。
»Hail was hammering down onto the roof.
  冰雹砸得屋顶咚咚响。
»(figurative) I was so scared my heart was hammering (= beating very fast) in my chest.
  我吓得心里怦怦直跳。
▪ [VN]
»He hammered the door with his fists.
  他不断地用拳头擂门。
--› note at beat
›› KICK / HIT BALL 踢/击球
3. [VN , usually +adv. / prep.] (informal) to kick or hit a ball very hard
• 猛踢；猛击:
»He hammered the ball into the net.
  他一记猛射,将球踢进网。
›› DEFEAT EASILY 轻易打败
4. [VN] (informal) to defeat sb very easily
• 轻易打败(对方):
»Our team was hammered 5-1.
  我队以 1:5 的悬殊比分败北。

【PHR V】

◘ ˌhammer a'way at sth
• to work hard in order to finish or achieve sth; to keep repeating sth in order to get the result that you want
• 努力干；孜孜以求
◘ ˌhammer sth∽'home
1. to emphasize a point, an idea, etc. so that people fully understand it
• 反复讲透,重点讲清(要点、想法等)
2. to kick a ball hard and score a goal
• 用力踢球得分；把球猛踢进球门
◘ ˌhammer sth 'into sb
• to make sb learn or remember sth by repeating it many times
• 反复灌输
◘ ˌhammer 'out sth
1. to discuss a plan, an idea, etc. until everyone agrees or a decision is made
• 反复讨论出(一致意见)；充分研讨出(决定):
»to hammer out a compromise
反复讨论达成妥协
2. to play a tune, especially on a piano, loudly and not very well
• (在钢琴等上)敲打出

trip / trip /
◙ noun
1. a journey to a place and back again, especially a short six for pleasure or a particular purpose
• (尤指短程往返的)旅行,旅游,出行:
»Did you have a good trip?
  你旅行顺利吗？
»We went on a trip to the mountains.
  我们到山里去旅游了。
»a day trip (= lasting a day)
  一日游
»a boat / coach trip
  乘船/长途汽车旅行
»a business / school / shopping trip
  出差；学校旅行；去商场购物
»They took a trip down the river.
  他们沿河往下游旅行。
»We had to make several trips to bring all the equipment over.
  我们往返了几次才把全部设备运过来。
--› see also ego trip , field trip , round trip
2. (slang) the experience that sb has if they take a powerful drug that affects the mind and makes them imagine things
• (服用毒品后所产生的)幻觉,迷幻感受:
»an acid (= LSD) trip
  迷幻药产生的幻觉
3. an act of falling or nearly falling down, because you hit your foot against sth
• 绊；绊倒

【IDIOMS】

--› see guilt

◙ verb (-pp-)
1. [V , often +adv. / prep.] ~ (over / up) | ~ (over / on sth) to catch your foot on sth and fall or almost fall
• 绊；绊倒:
»She tripped and fell.
  她绊了一下摔倒了。
»Someone will trip over that cable.
  有人会让那条电缆绊倒的。
»Be careful you don't trip up on the step.
  你小心别在台阶上绊倒了。
2. [VN] (BrE also trip sb up) to catch sb's foot and make them fall or almost fall
• 将…绊倒；使跌倒:
»As I passed, he stuck out a leg and tried to trip me up.
  我经过时,他伸出腿来想把我绊倒。
3. [V +adv. / prep.] (literary) to walk, run or dance with quick light steps
• 脚步轻快地走(或跑、跳舞):
»She said goodbye and tripped off along the road.
  她说了声再见就连蹦带跳地沿路走了。
4. [VN] to release a switch, etc. or to operate sth by doing so
• 触发(开关)；(松开开关)开动:
»to trip a switch
  打开开关
»Any intruders will trip the alarm.
  任何非法入室者都会触响报警器。
5. [V] (informal) to be under the influence of a drug that makes you hallucinate
• (服用毒品后)产生幻觉see memory lane , tongue n.

【PHR V】

◘ ˌtrip 'up ◘ | ˌtrip sb∽'up
• to make a mistake; to deliberately make sb do this
• (故意使)犯错误:
»Read the questions carefully, because the examiners sometimes try to trip you up.
要仔细把问题看清楚,因为出卷人有时故意让你出错。

per∙form∙ance / pəˈfɔ:məns; NAme pərˈfɔ:rm- /
◙ noun
1. [C] the act of performing a play, concert or some other form of entertainment
• 表演；演出:
»The performance starts at seven.
  演出七点开始。
»an evening performance
  晚场演出
»a performance of Ravel's String Quartet
  拉威尔弦乐四重奏的演出
»a series of performances by the Kirov Ballet
  基洛夫芭蕾舞团的系列演出
»one of the band's rare live performances
  那个乐队少见的一次现场演出
2. [C] the way a person performs in a play, concert, etc.
• 艺术上的表现；演技:
»She gave the greatest performance of her career.
  她做了演艺生涯中最精彩的表演。
»an Oscar-winning performance from Al Pacino
  阿尔 · 帕西诺荣获奥斯卡奖的演出
3. [U, C] how well or badly you do sth; how well or badly sth works
• 表现；性能；业绩；工作情况:
»the country's economic performance
  国家的经济状况
»It was an impressive performance by the French team.
  那是法国队一次令人叹服的表现。
»The new management techniques aim to improve performance.
  新的管理技术旨在提高效率。
»He criticized the recent poor performance of the company.
  他批评公司近期业绩不佳。
»high-performance (= very powerful) cars
  高性能汽车
»performance indicators (= things that show how well or badly sth is working)
  性能指标
»performance-related pay (= the money that you earn that depends on how well you do your job)
  绩效工资
4. [U, sing.] (formal) the act or process of performing a task, an action, etc.
• 做；执行；履行:
»She has shown enthusiasm in the performance of her duties.
  她在工作中表现出对工作的热忱。
»He did not want a repeat performance of the humiliating defeat he had suffered.
  他不想让失败的耻辱重演。
5. [sing.] (informal, especially BrE) an act that involves a lot of effort or trouble, sometimes when it is not necessary
• (不必要的)麻烦,忙乱
【SYN】 carry-on :
»It's such a performance getting the children off to school in the morning.
  早上打发孩子上学可要忙乱一阵子呢。

af∙fec∙tion / əˈfekʃn /
◙ noun
1. [U, sing.] ~ (for sb / sth) the feeling of liking or loving sb / sth very much and caring about them
• 喜爱；钟爱:
»Mr Darcy's affection for his sister
  达西先生对他妹妹的关爱之情
»Children need lots of love and affection.
  孩子需要多多疼爱和关怀。
»He didn't show his wife any affection.
  他没有向妻子表示一点爱。
»She was held in deep affection by all her students.
  她的学生都十分爱戴她。
»I have a great affection for New York.
  我很喜欢纽约。
2. affections [pl.] (formal) a person's feelings of love
• 爱情:
»Anne had two men trying to win her affections.
  安妮有两个男人追求。

per∙form∙er / pəˈfɔ:mə(r); NAme pərˈfɔ:rm- /
◙ noun
1. a person who performs for an audience in a show, concert, etc.
• 表演者；演出者；演员:
»a brilliant / polished / seasoned performer
  卓越的/优雅的/嫺熟的表演者
2. a person or thing that behaves or works in the way mentioned
• 表现得…者；表现了…者:
»He was a poor performer at school and left with no qualifications.
  他在校学习成绩不好,没有毕业就离开学校。
»VW is the star performer of the motor industry this year.
  大众汽车在本年度汽车行业中出类拔萃。

acad∙emy / əˈkædəmi /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. a school or college for special training
• 专科院校:
»the Royal Academy of Music
  皇家音乐学院
»a police / military academy
  警官/军官学校
2. (usually Academy) a type of official organization which aims to encourage and develop art, literature, science, etc.
• (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院,学会:
»the Royal Academy of Arts
  皇家艺术学会
3. a secondary school in Scotland or a private school in the US
• (苏格兰)中等学校；(美国)私立学校

per∙form / pəˈfɔ:m; NAme pərˈfɔ:rm /
◙ verb
1. [VN] to do sth, such as a piece of work, task or duty
• 做；履行；执行
【SYN】 carry out :
»to perform an experiment / a miracle / a ceremony
  做实验；创奇迹；举行仪式
»She performs an important role in our organization.
  她在我们的组织中发挥着重要的作用。
»This operation has never been performed in this country.
  这个国家从未做过这种手术。
»A computer can perform many tasks at once.
  电脑能同时做多项工作。
2. to entertain an audience by playing a piece of music, acting in a play, etc.
• 演出；表演:
▪ [VN]
»to perform somersaults / magic tricks
  表演空翻/魔术
»The play was first performed in 1987.
  这个剧于 1987 年首次上演。
»I'd like to hear it performed live.
  我希望听现场演出。
▪ [V]
»to perform on the flute
  吹奏长笛
»I'm looking forward to seeing you perform.
  我期待着看你演出。
3. [V] ~ (well / badly / poorly) to work or function well or badly
• 工作,运转(好/不好):
»The engine seems to be performing well.
  发动机似乎运转正常。
»The company has been performing poorly over the past year.
  这家公司过去一年业绩欠佳。

【IDIOMS】

--› see miracle

tech∙nical / ˈteknikl /
◙ adj.
1. [usually before noun] connected with the practical use of machinery, methods, etc. in science and industry
• 技术的；技能的；工艺的:
»We offer free technical support for those buying our software.
  我们向购买我们软件的顾客免费提供技术支持。
»a technical education
  技术教育
»technical drawing (= especially taught as a school subject)
  技术制图(尤指学校教学科目)
2. [usually before noun] connected with the skills needed for a particular job, sport, art, etc.
• 专门技术的；技巧的；技艺的:
»Skaters score extra points for technical complexity.
  滑冰运动员技巧难度大者获得额外加分。
3. connected with a particular subject and therefore difficult to understand if you do not know about that subject
• 专科的；专业的:
»The article is full of technical terms.
  这篇文章满篇皆是专业术语。
»The guide is too technical for a non-specialist.
  这份手册对非专业人员来说太专业化了。
4. [only before noun] connected with the details of a law or set of rules
• 诉讼程序性的；技术性的:
»Their lawyers spent days arguing over technical details.
  他们的律师花了好几天时间辩论诉讼程序细则。

lip / lip /
◙ noun
1. [C] either of the ten soft edges at the opening to the mouth
• 嘴唇:
»The assistant pursed her lips.
  那女助手噘起了嘴。
»your upper / lower / top / bottom lip
  你的上/下嘴唇
»She kissed him on the lips.
  她吻了他的嘴唇。
»Not a drop of alcohol passed my lips (= I didn't drink any).
  我滴酒未沾。
2. -lipped (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the type of lips mentioned
• 嘴唇…的:
»thin-lipped
  嘴唇薄的
»thick-lipped
  嘴唇厚的
--› see also tight-lipped
3. [C] ~ (of sth) the edge of a container or a hollow place in the ground
• (容器或凹陷地方的)边,缘
【SYN】 rim :
»He ran his finger around the lip of the cup.
  他用手指沿杯口抹了一下。
»Lava bubbled a few feet below the lip of the crater.
  熔岩在火山口下几英尺处沸腾。
4. [U] (informal) words spoken to sb that are rude and show a lack of respect for that person
• 粗鲁无礼的话
【SYN】 cheek :
»Don't let him give you any lip !
  不要让他对你说粗鲁无礼的话！

【IDIOMS】

◘ lick / smack your 'lips
1. to move your tongue over your lips, especially before eating sth good
• (尤指在吃好东西前)舔嘴唇
2. (informal) to show that you are excited about sth and want it to happen soon
• 迫不及待；渴望:
»They were licking their lips at the thought of clinching the deal.
他们一想到马上要做成这笔交易就显得急不可待了。
◘ my lips are 'sealed
• used to say that you will not repeat sb's secret to other people
• (表示不会说出某人的秘密)我把嘴封住,我绝口不提
◘ on everyone's 'lips
• if sth is on everyone's lips, they are all talking about it
• 大家都在谈论
--› more at bite v., pass v., read v., slip n., stiff adj.

howl / haul /
◙ verb
1. [V] (of a dog, wolf , etc. 狗、狼等) to make a long, loud cry
• 长嚎；嗥叫
2. [V] ~ (in / with sth) to make a loud cry when you are in pain, angry, amused, etc.
• (因疼痛、愤怒、开心等)大声叫喊:
»to howl in pain
  疼得直叫喊
»We howled with laughter.
  我们放声大笑。
»The baby was howling (= crying loudly) all the time I was there.
  我在那里时孩子一直哭得很厉害。
3. [V] (of the wind 风) to blow hard and make a long loud noise
• 怒号；呼啸:
»The wind was howling around the house.
  狂风在房子四周呼啸。
4. to say sth loudly and angrily
• 怒吼:
▪ [VN]
»The crowd howled its displeasure.
  群众不满地怒吼着。
▪ [also V speech]

【PHR V】

◘ ˌhowl sb∽'down
• to prevent a speaker from being heard by shouting angrily
• 以怒吼声压倒讲演者的声音
【SYN】 shout sb down

◙ noun
1. a long loud cry made by a dog, wolf , etc.
• (狗、狼等的)嗥叫,长嚎
2. a loud cry showing that you are in pain, angry, amused, etc.
• (因疼痛、愤怒、高兴等发出的)喊叫声:
»to let out a howl of anguish
  发出痛苦的喊叫声
»The suggestion was greeted with howls of laughter.
  这个建议引起了阵阵大笑。
3. a long loud sound made when the wind is blowing strongly
• (狂风的)啸鸣,怒号:
»They listened to the howl of the wind through the trees.
  他们听着风在林间呼啸的声音。

amuse / əˈmju:z /
◙ verb
1. to make sb laugh or smile
• 逗笑；逗乐:
▪ [VN]
»My funny drawings amused the kids.
  我的滑稽图画把孩子们逗乐了。
»This will amuse you.
  这个会逗你笑的。
▪ [VN to inf]
»It amused him to think that they were probably talking about him at that very moment.
  想到就在这会儿他们大概正在谈论他,他不禁笑了起来。
2. [VN] to make time pass pleasantly for sb / yourself
• (提供)消遣；(使)娱乐
【SYN】 entertain :
»She suggested several ideas to help Laura amuse the twins.
  她给劳拉出了一些主意,好逗这对双胞胎开心。
»I'm sure I'll be able to amuse myself for a few hours.
  我相信我能自娱自乐几个小时。

say∙ing / ˈseiiŋ /
◙ noun
• a well-known phrase or statement that expresses sth about life that most people believe is wise and true
• 谚语；格言；警句:
»'Accidents will happen', as the saying goes.
常言道:"意外事,总难免。"

cigar / siˈɡɑ:(r) /
◙ noun
• a roll of dried tobacco leaves that people smoke, like a cigarette but bigger and without paper around it
• 雪茄烟:
»cigar smoke
雪茄烟雾

【IDIOMS】

--› see close ² adj.

bath∙tub / ˈbɑ:θtʌb; NAmE bæθ- /
◙ noun
(especially NAmE) = bath n. (1)

mourn / mɔ:n; NAme mɔ:rn /
◙ verb
• ~ (for sb / sth) to feel and show sadness because sb has died; to feel sad because sth no longer exists or is no longer the same
• (因失去…而)哀悼,忧伤
【SYN】 grieve for :
▪ [VN]
»He was still mourning his brother's death.
  他仍然在哀悼他哥哥。
»They mourn the passing of a simpler way of life.
  他们对逝去的较为淳朴的生活感到惋惜。
▪ [V]
»Today we mourn for all those who died in ten world wars.
  今天,我们向所有在两次世界大战中死难的人表示哀悼。
»She mourned for her lost childhood.
  她为失去的童年而伤感。

fit∙ness / ˈfitnəs /
◙ noun [U]
1. the state of being physically healthy and strong
• 健壮；健康:
»a magazine on health and fitness
  衞生与健康杂志
»a fitness instructor / class / test
  健美教练/班；健康合格检查
»a high level of physical fitness
  高水平体质
2. ~ for sth / to do sth the state of being suitable or good enough for sth
• 适合(某事物或做某事):
»He convinced us of his fitness for the task.
  他使我们相信他适合做这项工作。
»There were doubts about her fitness to hold office.
  她是否称职还有疑虑。

strength∙en / ˈstreŋθn /
◙ verb
• to become stronger; to make sb / sth stronger
• 加强；增强；巩固:
▪ [V]
»Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.
  最近几个星期以来,她在党内的地位有所增强。
»Yesterday the pound strengthened against the dollar.
  昨天,英镑对美元的汇率上升了。
»The wind had strengthened overnight.
  夜里,风更大了。
▪ [VN]
»Repairs are necessary to strengthen the bridge.
  这座桥需要加固。
»The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles.
  这些活动目的在于增强你的腹部肌肉。
»The move is clearly intended to strengthen the President's position as head of state.
  这一举措显然意在加强总统作为国家元首的地位。
»The new manager has strengthened the side by bringing in several younger players.
  新经理通过引进几名年轻队员使队伍的实力得到加强。
»Their attitude only strengthened his resolve to fight on.
  他们采取的态度反而使他坚定了继续战斗的决心。
»The new evidence will strengthen their case.
  新的证据将使他们的论据更为充分。
【OPP】 weaken

yoga / ˈjəuɡə; NAmE ˈjouɡə /
◙ noun [U]
1. a Hindu philosophy that teaches you how to control your body and mind in the belief that you can become united with the spirit of the universe in this way
• 瑜伽派(印度哲学派别)
2. a system of exercises for your body and for controlling your breathing, used by people who want to become fitter or to relax
• 瑜伽术(健体和控制呼吸的锻炼)
♦ yogic / ˈjəuɡik; NAmE ˈjou- / adj.:
»yogic techniques
瑜伽技巧

muscle / ˈmʌsl /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] a piece of body tissue that you contract and relax in order to move a particular part of the body; the tissue that forms the muscles of the body
• 肌肉；肌:
»a calf / neck / thigh muscle
  小腿/脖颈/大腿肌肉
»to pull / tear / strain a muscle
  拉伤/撕裂/扭伤肌肉
»This exercise will work the muscles of the lower back.
  这样的运动可以锻炼腰部的肌肉。
»He didn't move a muscle (= stood completely still).
  他一动不动地站着。
2. [U] physical strength
• 体力:
»He's an intelligent player but lacks the muscle of older competitors.
  他是个聪明的选手,但却缺乏老对手的体力。
3. [U] the power and influence to make others do what you want
• 权力；威信；影响力:
»to exercise political / industrial / financial muscle
  运用在政治/产业/金融界的影响力
♦ muscled adj.:
»heavily muscled shoulders
  非常强壮的肩膀

【IDIOMS】

--› see flex v.

◙ verb
【PHR V】
◘ ˌmuscle 'in (on sb / sth) (informal, disapproving)
• to involve yourself in a situation when you have no right to do so, in order to get sth for yourself
• 强行干涉；粗暴干涉

par∙tici∙pate / pɑ:ˈtisipeit; NAme pɑ:rˈt- /
◙ verb [V]
• ~ (in sth) (rather formal) to take part in or become involved in an activity
• 参加；参与:
»She didn't participate in the discussion.
  她没有参加讨论。
»We encourage students to participate fully in the running of the college.
  我们鼓励学生全面参与学院的运作。
»Details of the competition are available at all participating stores.
  比赛的详情可在各参赛商店取阅。

posi∙tive / ˈpɔzətiv; NAme ˈpɑ:z- /
◙ adj.
›› CONFIDENT 有信心
1. ~ (about sth) thinking about what is good in a situation; feeling confident and sure that sth good will happen
• 积极乐观的；自信的:
»a positive attitude / outlook
  乐观的态度/前景
»the power of positive thought
  乐观思想的力量
»She tried to be more positive about her new job.
  她力求对新工作更有信心。
»On the positive side, profits have increased.
  从好的方面看,利润增加了。
»The report ended on a positive note.
  报告的结尾显得很乐观。
【OPP】 negative
›› EFFECTIVE / USEFUL 有效；有用
2. directed at dealing with sth or producing a successful result
• 积极的；建设性的；朝着成功的:
»We must take positive steps to deal with the problem.
  我们必须采取积极步骤处理这个问题。
»It will require positive action by all in the industry.
  这将需要业内全体同仁和衷共济。
【OPP】 negative
3. expressing agreement or support
• 表示赞同的；拥护的:
»We've had a very positive response to the idea.
  我们对这个想法反应很好。
【OPP】 negative
4. good or useful
• 良好的；有助益的；正面的:
»to make a positive contribution to a discussion
  在讨论中献计献策
»His family have been a very positive influence on him.
  他的家庭对他有十分良好的影响。
»Overseas investment has had a positive effect on exports.
  海外投资对出口有积极影响。
【OPP】 negative
›› SURE / DEFINITE 确信；肯定
5. [not before noun] ~ (about sth) | ~ (that...) (of a person 人) completely sure that sth is correct or true
• 有绝对把握；确信；肯定:
»I can't be positive about what time it happened.
  我说不准这事是什么时间发生的。
»She was positive that he had been there.
  她确信他曾在场。
»'Are you sure?' 'Positive.'
  "你敢肯定吗？" "绝对肯定。"
--› note at sure
6. [only before noun] (informal) complete and definite
• 完全的；绝对的
【SYN】 absolute :
»He has a positive genius for upsetting people.
  他气人的本事可大呢。
»It was a positive miracle that we survived.
  我们能够生还,完全是个奇迹。
7. giving clear and definite proof or information
• 证据确凿的；明确的
【SYN】 conclusive :
»We have no positive evidence that she was involved.
  我们没有确凿证据证明她参与其事。
»(formal) This is proof positive that he stole the money.
  这就是他偷钱的肯定证据。
›› SCIENTIFIC TEST 科学试验
8. showing clear evidence that a particular substance or medical condition is present
• 阳性的；证明…存在的:
»a positive pregnancy test
  呈阳性反应的怀孕检测
»The athlete tested positive for steroids.
  这个运动员类固醇检测呈阳性。
»to be HIV positive
  艾滋病病毒化验呈阳性
【OPP】 negative
›› NUMBER / QUANTITY 数目；数量
9. greater than zero
• 正数的
【OPP】 negative
›› ELECTRICITY 电
10. (technical 术语) containing or producing the type of electricity that is carried by a proton
• 正电的；正极的:
»a positive charge
  正电荷
»the positive terminal of a battery
  电池的正极
【OPP】 negative

◙ noun
›› GOOD QUALITY 优点
1. [C, U] a good or useful quality or aspect
• 优势；优点:
»Take your weaknesses and translate them into positives.
把你自己的弱点变成优点。
›› IN PHOTOGRAPHY 摄影
2. [C] (technical 术语) a developed film showing light and dark areas and colours as they actually were, especially six printed from a negative
• 正片
›› RESULT OF TEST 化验结果
3. [C] the result of a test or an experiment that shows that a substance or condition is present
• 阳性结果(或反应)
【OPP】 negative

nega∙tive / ˈneɡətiv /
◙ adj.
›› BAD 坏
1. bad or harmful
• 坏的；有害的:
»The crisis had a negative effect on trade.
  这次危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。
»The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative.
  整个经历当然是利多于弊。
【OPP】 positive
›› NOT HOPEFUL 不乐观
2. considering only the bad side of sth / sb; lacking enthusiasm or hope
• 消极的；负面的；缺乏热情的:
»Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory.
  科学家对这个理论的态度是相当消极的。
»'He probably won't show up.' 'Don't be so negative.'
  "他很可能不会露面。" "别那么泄气嘛。"
【OPP】 positive
›› NO 不
3. expressing the answer 'no'
• 否定的:
»His response was negative.
  他的回答是否定的。
»They received a negative reply.
  他们得到一个否定的答覆。
【OPP】 affirmative
›› GRAMMAR 语法
4. containing a word such as 'no', 'not', 'never', etc.
• 含有否定词的；否定的:
»a negative form / sentence
  否定形式/句
›› SCIENTIFIC TEST 化验
5. (abbr. neg.) not showing any evidence of a particular substance or medical condition
• 结果为阴性的(或否定的):
»Her pregnancy test was negative.
  她的孕检呈阴性。
【OPP】 positive
›› ELECTRICITY 电
6. (technical 术语) containing or producing the type of electricity that is carried by an electron
• 负极的；阴极的:
»a negative charge / current
  负电荷/电流
»the negative terminal of a battery
  电池的阴极
【OPP】 positive
›› NUMBER / QUANTITY 数量
7. less than zero
• 负的；小于零的:
»a negative trade balance
  贸易逆差
【OPP】 positive
♦ nega∙tive∙ly adv.:
»to react negatively to stress
  对压力反应消极
»to respond negatively
  作出否定的回应
»negatively charged electrons
  带负电荷的电子

◙ noun
›› NO 不
1. a word or statement that means 'no'; a refusal or denial
• 否定词；否定；拒绝: (formal)
»She answered in the negative (= said 'no').
她作了否定的回答。
【OPP】 affirmative
›› IN PHOTOGRAPHY 摄影
2. a developed film showing the dark areas of an actual scene as light and the light areas as dark
• 底片；负片
--› compare positive n. (2)
›› IN SCIENTIFIC TEST 化验
3. the result of a test or an experiment that shows that a substance or condition is not present
• 属阴性(或否定)的结果:
»The percentage of false negatives generated by the cancer test is of great concern.
癌症检查的结果中,假阴性占一定比例的现象受到极大关注。
【OPP】 positive

◙ verb [VN] (formal)
1. to refuse to agree to a proposal or a request
• 拒绝；否定
2. to prove that sth is not true
• 否定…的真实性；证伪

guar∙an∙tee / ˌɡærənˈti: /
◙ noun
1. a firm promise that you will do sth or that sth will happen
• 保证；担保
【SYN】 assurance :
»to give a guarantee of good behaviour
  保证行为端正
»He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.
  他向我保证这种事情决不会再发生。
»They are demanding certain guarantees before they sign the treaty.
  他们要求得到某些保证后才签署条约。
2. a written promise given by a company that sth you buy will be replaced or repaired without payment if it goes wrong within a particular period
• 保修单；保用证书
【SYN】 warranty :
»We provide a 5-year guarantee against rust.
  我们保证 5 年不生锈。
»The watch is still under guarantee.
  这只手表仍在保修期内。
»The television comes with a year's guarantee.
  这电视机有一年的保修期。
»a money-back guarantee
  退货保证
3. ~ (of sth) | ~ (that...) something that makes sth else certain to happen
• 起保证作用的事物:
»Career success is no guarantee of happiness.
  事业成功决不是幸福的保证。
»There's no guarantee that she'll come (= she may not come).
  不能保证她一定会来。
4. money or sth valuable that you give or promise to a bank, for example, to make sure that you will do what you have promised
• 保证金；抵押品:
»We had to offer our house as a guarantee when getting the loan.
  我们在贷款时不得不拿房子作抵押。

◙ verb
1. to promise to do sth; to promise sth will happen
• 保证；担保；保障:
▪ [VN]
»Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed.
  现在,包括言论自由在内的基本人权已有了保障。
▪ [V (that)]
»We cannot guarantee (that) our flights will never be delayed.
  我们不能保证我们的所有航班均不误点。
▪ [VNN]
»The ticket will guarantee you free entry.
  这张票可保证你免费入场。
▪ [V to inf]
»We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.
  我们保证一周内交货。
2. [VN] ~ sth (against sth) to give a written promise to replace or repair a product free if it goes wrong
• 出具保单(免费掉换或修理有问题的产品):
»This iron is guaranteed for a year against faulty workmanship.
  这种熨斗如有工艺缺陷可保修一年。
3. to make sth certain to happen
• 使必然发生；确保:
▪ [VN]
»Tonight's victory guarantees the team's place in the final.
  今晚的胜利确保这个队能进入决赛。
▪ [VNN]
»These days getting a degree doesn't guarantee you a job.
  如今获得学位并不能保证你就有工作。
4. [V (that)] to be certain that sth will happen
• 肯定…必然发生:
»You can guarantee (that) the children will start being naughty as soon as they have to go to bed.
  孩子一到上牀睡觉时就不听话了。
5. to agree to be legally responsible for sth or for doing sth
• 承诺对…负法律责任；为…作保:
▪ [VN]
»to guarantee a bank loan
  为银行贷款作保
▪ [V to inf]
»to guarantee to pay sb's debts
  为某人的债务作保
▪ [V that]
»I guarantee that he will appear in court.
  我保证他会出庭。

【IDIOMS】

◘ be guaran'teed to do sth
• to be certain to have a particular result
• 肯定会；必定会:
»If we try to keep it a secret, she's guaranteed to find out.
如果我们试图保密,她肯定会发现。
»That kind of behaviour is guaranteed to make him angry.
那样的行为肯定会让他生气。

for∙eign∙er / ˈfɔrənə(r); NAmE ˈfɔ:r-; ˈfɑ:r- /
◙ noun (sometimes offensive)
1. a person who comes from a different country
• 外国人:
»The fact that I was a foreigner was a big disadvantage.
我是外国人这事实对我十分不利。
2. a person who does not belong in a particular place
• 外来人；外地人:
»I have always been regarded as a foreigner by the local folk.
当地人总把我视为外地人。

in∙struct / inˈstrʌkt /
◙ verb
1. (formal) to tell sb to do sth, especially in a formal or official way
• 指示；命令；吩咐
【SYN】 direct , order :
▪ [VN to inf]
»The letter instructed him to report to headquarters immediately.
  那封信指示他立即向总部汇报。
▪ [VN wh-]
»You will be instructed where to go as soon as the plane is ready.
  飞机一准备好就会通知你去何处。
▪ [VN]
»She arrived at 10 o'clock as instructed.
  她依照指示于 10 点钟到达。
▪ [V that]
»He instructed that a wall be built around the city.
  他下令在城的周围筑一道城墙。 (BrE also)
»He instructed that a wall should be built around the city.
  他下令在城的周围筑一道城墙。
--› note at order
▪ [also V speech , VN speech]
2. [VN] ~ sb (in sth) (formal) to teach sb sth, especially a practical skill
• 教授,传授(技能等):
»All our staff have been instructed in sign language.
  我们的员工都接受过手语训练。
3. [VN that] [usually passive] (formal) to give sb information about sth
• 告知；通知:
»We have been instructed that a decision will not be made before the end of the week.
  我们已获悉周末前不会作出决定。
4. [VN , VN to inf] (law 律) to employ sb to represent you in a legal situation, especially as a lawyer
• 委托(律师)；托办

ini∙tial / iˈniʃl /
◙ adj. [only before noun]
• happening at the beginning; first
• 最初的；开始的；第一的:
»an initial payment of £60 and two instalments of £25
  * 60 英镑的首期付款加十次 25 英镑的分期付款
»in the initial stages (= at the beginning) of the campaign
  运动的最初阶段
»My initial reaction was to decline the offer.
  我最初的反应是婉言谢绝这个提议。

◙ noun
1. [C] the first letter of a person's first name
• (名字的)首字母:
»'What initial is it, Mrs Owen?' 'It's J, J for Jane.'
  "首字母是什么,欧文太太？" "是 J,Jane 的 J。"
2. initials [pl.] the first letters of all of a person's names
• (全名的)首字母:
»John Fitzgerald Kennedy was often known by his initials JFK.
  人们常以姓名的首字母 JFK 称约翰 · 菲茨杰拉德 · 肯尼迪。
»Just write your initials.
  写下你的姓名首字母即可。

◙ verb
(-ll-, NAmE usually -l-)
• [VN] to mark or sign sth with your initials
• 用姓名的首字母作标记(或签名)于:
»Please initial each page and sign in the space provided.
请在每一页上用姓名的首字母签置并在规定的空白处签字。

at∙tain / əˈtein /
◙ verb [VN]
1. to succeed in getting sth, usually after a lot of effort
• (通常经过努力)获得,得到:
»Most of our students attained five 'A' grades in their exams.
我们多数学生的考试成绩是五个优。
2. (formal) to reach a particular age, level or condition
• 达到(某年龄、水平、状况):
»The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph.
猎豹的奔跑速度每小时可达 97 公里。

pol∙ish / ˈpɔliʃ; NAme ˈpɑ:l- /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] a substance used when rubbing a surface to make it smooth and shiny
• 擦光剂；上光剂；亮光剂:
»furniture / floor / shoe / silver polish
  家具上光漆；地板蜡；鞋油；银光剂
»wax polish
  亮光蜡
--› see also French polish , nail polish
2. [sing.] an act of polishing sth
• 抛光；上光；擦亮:
»I give it a polish now and again.
  我不时把它擦亮。
3. [sing.] the shiny appearance of sth after it has been polished
• 擦光的面；打磨光亮的面
【SYN】 lustre , sheen
4. [U] a high quality of performance achieved with great skill
• (表演的)完美,嫺熟,精湛
【SYN】 brilliance :
»She played the cello with the polish of a much older musician.
  她所演奏的大提琴颇有资深音乐家的风格。
5. [U] high standards of behaviour; being polite
• 文雅；优雅；品味；礼貌
【SYN】 refinement

【IDIOMS】

--› see spit n.

◙ verb
1. ~ sth (up) (with sth) to make sth smooth and shiny by rubbing it with a cloth, often with polish on it
• 擦光；磨光:
▪ [VN]
»Polish shoes regularly to protect the leather.
  要经常擦鞋,以保护皮革。
»He polished his glasses with a handkerchief.
  他用手绢揩拭眼镜。
▪ [also V]
--› see also French polish
2. [VN] ~ sth (up) to make changes to sth in order to improve it
• 修改；润饰；润色:
»The statement was carefully polished and checked before release.
  这项声明是经仔细润色检查后才发表的。
»The hotel has polished up its act (= improved its service) since last year.
  这家酒店自去年以来已经改善了服务水平。

【PHR V】

◘ ˌpolish sb∽'off (informal, especially NAmE)
• to kill sb
• 干掉；杀死
◘ ˌpolish sth∽'off (informal)
• to finish sth, especially food, quickly
• 很快做完；(尤指)迅速吃光:
»He polished off the remains of the apple pie.
他把剩下的苹果派赶快吃完。

in∙vis∙ible / inˈvizəbl /
◙ adj.
1. ~ (to sb / sth) that cannot be seen
• 看不见的；隐形的:
»stars invisible to the naked eye
  肉眼看不见的星球
»a wizard who could make himself invisible
  能隐身的术士
»She felt invisible in the crowd.
  她觉得自己淹没在人群中。
【OPP】 visible
2. (economics 经) connected with a service that a country provides, such as banks or tourism , rather than goods
• 无形的(与服务而非商品有关):
»invisible earnings
  无形收益
♦ in∙visi∙bil∙ity / inˌvizəˈbiləti / noun [U] :
»The ink had faded to invisibility.
  墨水已褪色看不见了。
♦ in∙vis∙ibly / inˈvizəbli / adv.:
»He looked at me and nodded, almost invisibly.
  他看着我点了点头,几乎让人看不出来。

bench / bentʃ /
◙ noun
1. [C] a long seat for ten or more people, usually made of wood
• (木制)长凳,长椅:
»a park bench
  公园长椅
2. the bench [sing.] (law 律) a judge in court or the seat where he / she sits; the position of being a judge or magistrate
• 法官；法官席位；法官(或裁判官)的职位:
»His lawyer turned to address the bench.
  他的律师转身对法官讲话。
»She has recently been appointed to the bench.
  她最近当上了法官。
3. [C, usually pl.] (in the British Parliament) a seat where a particular group of politicians sit
• (英国议会的)议员席:
»There was cheering from the Opposition benches.
  反对党议员席那边响起了欢呼声。
--› see also back bench , the front bench
4. the bench [sing.] (sport 体) the seats where players sit when they are not playing in the game
• 场边的运动员休息区:
»the substitutes' bench
  替补队员席
5. [C] = workbench :
»a carpenter's bench
  木工的工作枱

set∙ting / ˈsetiŋ /
◙ noun
1. a set of surroundings; the place at which sth happens
• 环境；背景:
»a rural / an ideal / a beautiful / an idyllic, etc. setting
  乡村、理想、优美、田园等的环境
»It was the perfect setting for a wonderful Christmas.
  环境气氛无可挑剔,正是一个美好的圣诞节所需要的。
--› note at environment
2. the place and time at which the action of a play, novel, etc. takes place
• (戏剧、小说等的)情节背景:
»short stories with a contemporary setting
  以当代生活为背景的短篇小说
3. a position at which the controls on a machine can be set, to set the speed, height, temperature, etc.
• (机器上调节速度、高度、温度等的)挡,级,点:
»The performance of the engine was tested at different settings.
  对引擎的性能在不同的挡上做了试验。
4. (music 音) music written to go with a poem, etc.
• (为诗等谱的)曲:
»Schubert's setting of a poem by Goethe
  舒伯特为歌德的一首诗谱的曲
5. a piece of metal in which a precious stone is fixed to form a piece of jewellery
• (镶嵌宝石的)底座,底板,托板
6. a complete set of equipment for eating with (knife, fork, spoon, glass, etc.) for six person, arranged on a table
• (摆在桌上供一人用的)一套餐具:
»a place setting
  一个座位的整套餐具

text∙book / ˈtekstbuk /
◙ noun
• (NAmE also text) a book that teaches a particular subject and that is used especially in schools and colleges
• 教科书；课本；教材:
»a school / medical / history, etc. textbook
学校、医学、历史等教科书

◙ adj.
[only before noun]
• used to describe sth that is done exactly as it should be done, in the best possible way
• 规范的；标准的:
»a textbook example of how the game should be played
这项比赛的标准示范

cosy (BrE) (NAmE cozy) / ˈkəuzi; NAmE ˈkouzi /
◙ adj. (cosi∙er, cosi∙est, cozi∙er, cozi∙est)
1. warm, comfortable and safe, especially because of being small or confined
• 温暖舒适的(尤指细小的室内地方)
【SYN】 snug :
»a cosy little room
  温暖舒适的小房间
»a cosy feeling
  惬意的感觉
»I felt warm and cosy sitting by the fire.
  坐在炉火旁,我感到暖和舒服极了。
2. friendly and private
• 亲密无间的；密切的:
»a cosy chat with a friend
  与朋友亲切的闲聊
3. (often disapproving) easy and convenient, but not always honest or right
• 轻易得到的,轻松的(但不一定是诚实或恰当的):
»The firm has a cosy relationship with the Ministry of Defence.
  这家公司与国防部关系默契。
»The danger is that things get too cosy.
  危险在于一切都来得太容易。
♦ cosi∙ly (BrE) (NAmE cozi∙ly) adv.:
»sitting cosily by the fire
  暖融融地坐在炉火旁
♦ cosi∙ness (BrE) (NAmE cozi∙ness) noun [U] :
»the warmth and cosiness of the kitchen
  厨房的温暖与舒适

◙ verb
(cosies, cosy∙ing, cosied, cosied)

【PHR V】

◘ ˌcosy 'up to sb (BrE) (NAmE ˌcozy 'up to sb) (informal)
• to act in a friendly way towards sb, especially sb who will be useful to you
• 献殷勤；取悦

in∙vi∙ta∙tion / ˌinviˈteiʃn /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (to sth / to do sth) a spoken or written request to sb to do sth or to go somewhere
• (口头或书面的)邀请:
»to issue / extend an invitation
  发出/致送邀请
»to accept / turn down / decline an invitation
  接受/拒绝/婉拒邀请
»an invitation to the party
  参加晚会的请柬
»I have an open invitation (= not restricted to a particular date) to visit my friend in Japan.
  我在日本的朋友邀请我随时去看他。
2. [U] the act of inviting sb or of being invited
• 邀请；获得邀请:
»A concert was held at the invitation of the mayor.
  在市长的邀请下举办了一场音乐会。
»Admission is by invitation only.
  凭请柬入场。
3. [C] a card or piece of paper that you use to invite sb to sth
• 请柬；请帖:
»Have you ordered the wedding invitations yet?
  你订制婚礼请帖了吗？
4. [sing.] ~ to sb (to do sth) | ~ to sth something that encourages sb to do sth, usually sth bad
• 鼓励；(尤指)怂恿,招致:
»Leaving the doors unlocked is an open invitation to burglars.
  出门不上锁无异于开门揖盗。

along∙side / əˌlɔŋˈsaid; NAmE əˌlɔ:ŋ- /
◙ prep.
1. next to or at the side of sth
• 在…旁边；沿着…的边:
»A police car pulled up alongside us.
  一辆警车在我们旁边停了下来。
2. together with or at the same time as sth / sb
• 与…一起；与…同时:
»Traditional beliefs still flourish alongside a modern urban lifestyle.
  现代城市生活方式盛行的同时,传统信念仍然大行其道。
♦ along∙side adv.:
»Nick caught up with me and rode alongside.
  尼克赶上了我,并排驾车前进。

crowd∙ed / ˈkraudid /
◙ adj. ~ (with sth)
1. having a lot of people or too many people
• 人(太)多的；拥挤的:
»crowded streets
  拥挤的街道
»a crowded bar
  挤满人的酒吧
»In the spring the place is crowded with skiers.
  春季这地方满是滑雪的人。
»London was very crowded.
  伦敦拥挤不堪。
--› compare uncrowded
2. full of sth
• 充满的；挤满的:
»a room crowded with books
  堆满书籍的房间
»We have a very crowded schedule.
  我们的日程排得满满的。

cas∙tle / ˈkɑ:sl; NAmE ˈkæsl /
◙ noun
1. a large strong building with thick high walls and towers, built in the past by kings or queens, or other important people, to defend themselves against attack
• 城堡；堡垒
--› see also sandcastle
2. (also rook) (in chess 国际象棋) any of the four pieces placed in the corner squares of the board at the start of the game, usually made to look like a castle
• 车；城堡

【IDIOMS】

◘ (build) castles in the 'air
(BrE)
• (to have) plans or dreams that are not likely to happen or come true
• (建)空中楼阁；幻想；空想
--› more at Englishman

◙ adj.
• / ˈɑ:mtʃeə(r); NAmE ˈɑ:rmtʃer / əonly before noun] knowing about a subject through books and television, rather than by doing it for yourself
• 书本知识的；只说而没有行动的:
»an armchair critic / traveller
不切实际的批评家；端坐家中的神游旅行者

yell / jel /
◙ verb
• ~ (out) (sth) | ~ (sth) (at sb / sth) to shout loudly, for example because you are angry, excited, frightened or in pain
• 叫喊；大喊；吼叫:
▪ [V]
»He yelled at the other driver.
  他冲着另一位司机大叫。
»They yelled with excitement.
  他们兴奋得喊叫起来。
»She yelled out in pain.
  她疼得大声喊叫。
»She yelled at the child to get down from the wall.
  她喊着让小孩从墙上下来。
▪ [V speech]
»'Be careful!' he yelled.
  他大叫道:"当心！"
▪ [VN]
»The crowd yelled encouragement at the players.
  人群大声叫喊着给运动员加油。

◙ noun
1. a loud cry of pain, excitement, etc.
• 喊叫；叫嚷；大喊:
»to let out / give a yell
大喊一声
»a yell of delight
高兴的喊叫；欢呼
--› note at shout
2. (NAmE) an organized shout of support for a team at a sports event
• (为运动队加油的)呐喊,欢呼

pile / pail /
◙ noun --› see also piles
1. [C] a number of things that have been placed on top of each other
• 摞；垛；沓:
»a pile of books / clothes / bricks
  一摞书籍/衣物/砖块
»He arranged the documents in neat piles.
  他把文件一摞摞地码得整整齐齐。
»She looked in horror at the mounting pile of letters on her desk.
  她惶恐地望着桌子上堆积如山的信函。
2. [C] a mass of sth that is high in the middle and wider at the bottom than at the top
• 堆；成堆的东西
【SYN】 heap :
»a pile of sand
  一堆沙
»piles of dirty washing
  成堆待洗的脏衣物
3. [C, usually pl.] ~ of sth (informal) a lot of sth
• 大量；许多:
»I have got piles of work to do.
  我有大量工作要做。
»He walked out leaving a pile of debts behind him.
  他出走了,留下累累债务。
4. [U, sing.] the short threads, pieces of wool, etc. that form the soft surface of carpets and some types of cloth such as velvet
• 绒头；绒毛:
»a deep-pile carpet
  一块厚绒地毯
5. [C] a large wooden, metal or stone post that is fixed into the ground and used to support a building, bridge, etc.
• 桩；桩柱
6. [C] (formal) or
• (humorous)
• a large impressive building
• 宏伟建筑物

【IDIOMS】

◘ (at the) bottom / top of the 'pile
• in the least / most important position in a group of people or things
• 处于无足轻重的/举足轻重的地位
◘ make a / your 'pile
•(informal) to make a lot of money
• 赚很多钱

◙ verb
1. [VN] ~ sth (up) to put things one on top of another; to form a pile
• 堆放；摞起；叠放:
»She piled the boxes one on top of the other.
  她把盒子一个个地摞起来。
»The clothes were piled high on the chair.
  衣服在椅子上堆得高高的。
»Snow was piled up against the door.
  积雪封门。
2. [VN +adv. / prep.] ~ A in(to) / on(to) B | ~ B with A to put sth on / into sth; to load sth with sth
• 放置；装入:
»The sofa was piled high with cushions.
  沙发上高高地堆着一些垫子。
»She piled everything into her suitcase.
  她把一应物品装进衣箱。
»He piled as much food as he could onto his plate.
  他把食物猛往自己盘子里堆。
»He piled his plate with as much food as he could.
  他把食物猛往自己盘子里堆。
--› see also stockpile
3. [V +adv. / prep.] (informal) (of a number of people 许多人) to go somewhere quickly without order or control
• 蜂拥；拥挤:
»The coach finally arrived and we all piled on.
  长途汽车终于开来了,我们一拥而上。
◘ pile on the 'agony / 'gloom
•(informal, especially BrE) to make an unpleasant situation worse
• 使雪上加霜；伤口上撒盐:
»Bosses piled on the agony with threats of more job losses.
  老板威胁要削减更多的员工,令情况趋于恶化。

【PHR V】

◘ ˌpile 'on (especially of a person's weight 尤指体重)
• to increase quickly
• 剧增；猛增:
»The weight just piled on while I was abroad.
  我出国期间体重一个劲地增加。
◘ ˌpile sth∽'on
1. to make sth increase rapidly
• 使迅速增加；猛增:
»The team piled on the points in the first half of the game.
  球队在上半场连连得分。
»I've been piling on the pounds (= I have put on weight) recently.
  我最近体重猛增。
2. to express a feeling in a much stronger way than is necessary
• 夸张；夸大其词:
»Don't pile on the drama!
  别再添油加醋了！
»Things aren't really that bad—she does tend to pile it on.
  事情并没有那么糟糕,她的确有意夸张。
3. to give sb more or too much of sth
• 过度施加；猛增某物:
»The German team piled on the pressure in the last 15 minutes.
  在最后 15 分钟,德国队施加了强大的压力。
◘ ˌpile sth 'on(to) sb
• to give sb a lot of sth to do, carry, etc.
• 给…增加工作；使负担加重:
»He felt his boss was piling too much work on him.
  他觉得上司派给他的工作太多。
◘ ˌpile 'up
• to become larger in quantity or amount
• 堆积；积压
【SYN】 accumulate :
»Work always piles up at the end of the year.
  年底总是积压一大堆工作。

anger / ˈæŋɡə(r) /
◙ noun [U]
• ~ (at sb / sth) the strong feeling that you have when sth has happened that you think is bad and unfair
• 怒；怒火；怒气:
»He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.
  他因遭受如此待遇而怒火满腔。
»Jan slammed her fist on the desk in anger.
  简气愤地捶打桌子。
»the growing anger and frustration of young unemployed people
  年轻失业者日益增长的愤怒和沮丧

◙ verb [VN]
• [often passive] to make sb angry
• 使发怒；激怒:
»The question clearly angered him.
这个问题显然激怒了他。

bow¹ / bau /
--› see also bow ²
◙ verb
1. [V] ~ (down) (to / before sb / sth) to move your head or the top half of your body forwards and downwards as a sign of respect or to say hello or goodbye
• 鞠躬；点头:
»He bowed low to the assembled crowd.
  他向集结的人群深深地鞠了一躬。
»The people all bowed down before the Emperor.
  全体给皇帝鞠躬。
2. [VN] to move your head forwards and downwards
• 低头；垂首:
»She bowed her head in shame.
  她羞愧地低下了头。
»They stood in silence with their heads bowed.
  他们默默地垂头而立。
3. to bend or make sth bend
• (使)弯曲:
▪ [V]
»The pines bowed in the wind.
  松树被风吹弯了。
▪ [VN]
»Their backs were bowed under the weight of their packs.
  沉重的背包压弯了他们的脊背。

【IDIOMS】

◘ ˌbow and 'scrape
•(disapproving) to be too polite to an important person in order to gain their approval
• 卑躬屈膝；点头哈腰

【PHR V】

◘ ˌbow 'down to sb / sth (disapproving)
• to allow sb to tell you what to do
• 屈从于人；听任摆布
◘ ˌbow 'out (of sth)
• to stop taking part in an activity, especially six in which you have been successful in the past
• 退出,告别(尤指一度成功的事业):
»She has finally decided it's time to bow out of international tennis.
  她最终认定是退出世界网坛的时候了。
◘ 'bow to sth
• to agree unwillingly to do sth because other people want you to
• 勉强同意做(某事)；屈从于:
»They finally bowed to pressure from the public.
  他们终于在公众的压力下让步了。
»She bowed to the inevitable (= accepted a situation in which she had no choice) and resigned.
  她迫于无奈,只得辞职。

◙ noun
1. the act of bending your head or the upper part of your body forward in order to say hello or goodbye to sb or to show respect
• 鞠躬；弯腰行礼
2. (also bows [pl.]) the front part of a boat or ship
• 船头；艏
--› compare stern n.
◘ take a / your 'bow
(of a performer 演员)
• to bow to the audience as they are applauding you
• 谢幕；鞠躬答谢
--› more at shot n.

◙ bow² / bəu; NAmE bou / noun
--› see also bow ¹
1. a weapon used for shooting arrows, consisting of a long curved piece of wood with a tight string joining its ends
• 弓:
»He was armed with a bow and arrow.
  他佩带着弓箭。
2. a knot with two loops and ten loose ends which is used for decoration on clothes, in hair, etc. or for tying shoes
• 蝴蝶结:
»to tie your shoelaces in a bow
  把鞋带打成蝴蝶结
»Her hair was tied back in a neat bow.
  她的头发扎在脑后打了个整齐的蝴蝶结。
3. a long thin piece of wood with thin string stretched along it, used for playing musical instruments such as the violin
• 琴弓

【IDIOMS】

--› see string n.

◙ bow² / bəu; NAmE bou / verb
--› see also bow ¹
• [V, VN] to use a bow to play a musical instrument that has strings
• 用琴弓拉奏弦乐器

bowl / bəul; NAmE boul /
◙ noun
›› CONTAINER 容器
1. [C] (especially in compounds 尤用于构成复合词) a deep round dish with a wide open top, used especially for holding food or liquid
• 碗；鉢；盆:
»a salad / fruit / sugar, etc. bowl
  色拉碗、水果盆、糖鉢等
»a washing-up bowl
  洗碗碟盆
›› AMOUNT 量
2. [C] (also bowl∙ful / -ful / ) the amount contained in a bowl
• 一碗,一鉢,一盆(的量):
»a bowl of soup
  一碗汤
›› SHAPE 形状
3. [C] the part of some objects that is shaped like a bowl
• 物体的碗状部份:
»the bowl of a spoon
  勺子头
»a toilet / lavatory bowl
  马桶
›› THEATRE 剧场
4. [C] (especially NAmE) (in names 构成名称) a large round theatre without a roof, used for concerts, etc. outdoors
• 露天圆形剧场:
»the Hollywood Bowl
  好莱坞露天剧场
›› BALL 球
5. [C] a heavy wooden ball that is used in the games of bowls and bowling
• (草地滚球戏和保龄球戏中用的)木球
›› GAME 游戏
6. bowls [U] (NAmE also 'lawn bowling) a game played on an area of very smooth grass, in which players take turns to roll bowls as near as possible to a small ball
• 草地滚球游戏
›› FOOTBALL GAME 橄榄球比赛
7. [C] (NAmE) (in names 构成名称) a game of American football played after the main season between the best teams
• (美式足球主要赛季后强队之间的)季后赛:
»the Super Bowl
  超级杯季后赛

◙ verb
›› ROLL BALL 滚球
1. [V VN] to roll a ball in the games of bowls and
• (草地滚球戏或保龄球戏中)滚球,投球 bowling
›› IN CRICKET 板球
2. [V VN] to throw a ball to the batsman (= the person who hits the ball)
• 把(球)投给击球员
--› note at throw
3. [VN] ~ sb (out) to make the batsman have to leave the field by throwing a ball that hits the wicket
• 击中三柱门把(击球员)杀出局
›› MOVE QUICKLY 迅速移动
4. [V +adv. / prep.] (BrE) to move quickly in a particular direction, especially in a vehicle
• (向某处)迅速移动；(尤指)快速行驶:
»Soon we were bowling along the country roads.
我们不久便在乡村的公路上疾驰了。

【PHR V】

◘ ˌbowl sb 'over
1. to run into sb and knock them down
• 把某人撞倒
2. to surprise or impress sb a lot
• 使某人惊叹；让某人印象深刻

dash / dæʃ /
◙ noun
›› STH DONE QUICKLY 匆忙做完的事
1. [sing.] a ~ (for sth) an act of going somewhere suddenly and / or quickly
• 猛冲；突进；急奔:
»When the doors opened, there was a mad dash for seats.
  门一开,人们便疯狂地朝座位奔去。
»a 60-mile dash to safety
  急奔 60 英里到达安全的地方
»He jumped off the bus and made a dash for the nearest bar.
  他跳下公共汽车直奔近处的酒吧。
»We waited for the police to leave then made a dash for it (= left quickly in order to escape).
  我们等警察离开后便迅速逃走。
2. [sing.] an act of doing sth quickly because you do not have enough time
• 匆忙；匆促；仓促:
»a last-minute dash to buy presents
  最后一点时间仓促购买礼品
›› SMALL AMOUNT 少量
3. [C, usually sing.] ~ (of sth) a small amount of sth that is added to sth else
• 少量,少许(添加物):
»Add a dash of lemon juice.
  加少量柠檬汁。
»The rug adds a dash of colour to the room.
  小地毯为房间增添了点色彩。
--› compare splash n. (3)
›› SYMBOL 符号
4. [C] the mark (—) used to separate parts of a sentence, often instead of a colon or in pairs instead of brackets / parentheses
• 破折号
--› compare hyphen
›› RACE 赛跑
5. [C, usually sing.] (especially NAmE) a race in which the people taking part run very fast over a short distance
• 短跑
【SYN】 sprint :
»the 100-meter dash
  百米赛跑
›› WAY OF BEHAVING 行为举止
6. [U] (old-fashioned, approving) a way of behaving that combines style, enthusiasm and confidence
• 气魄；活力；冲劲；锐气
›› PART OF CAR 汽车部件
7. [C] (informal) = dashboard
--› see also pebble-dash

【IDIOMS】

◘ cut a 'dash
(BrE)
• to look attractive in a particular set of clothes, especially in a way that makes other people notice you
• (穿上某套衣服后)风度翩翩,引人注目:
»He cut quite a dash in his uniform.
他穿着这身制服显得特帅。

◙ verb
›› GO QUICKLY 急冲
1. [V , usually +adv. / prep.] to go somewhere very quickly
• 急奔；急驰；猛冲
【SYN】 rush :
»I must dash (= leave quickly), I'm late.
  我得赶紧走,来不及了。
»She dashed off to keep an appointment.
  她急匆匆地赶去赴约。
»He dashed along the platform and jumped on the train.
  他沿站台猛跑,纵身跳上火车。
›› THROW / BEAT 投掷；击打
2. [+adv. / prep.] to throw sth or make sth fall violently onto a hard surface; to beat against a surface
• 猛掷；猛击；猛撞:
▪ [VN]
»The boat was dashed repeatedly against the rocks.
  小船一次又一次撞在岩石上。
▪ [V]
»The waves were dashing against the harbour wall.
  海浪撞击着港湾的坝堤。
◘ dash sb's 'hopes
• to destroy sb's hopes by making what they were hoping for impossible
• 使某人的希望化为泡影(或破灭)
◘ dash (it)! | ◘ dash it all!
• (old-fashioned, BrE) used to show that you are annoyed about sth
• (表示厌烦)真见鬼,真糟糕,真混账

【PHR V】

◘ ˌdash sth∽'off
• to write or draw sth very quickly
• 仓促写出；草草画成:
»I dashed off a note to my brother.
我急急忙忙给我弟弟写了个字条。

tear¹ / teə(r); NAme ter /
--› see also tear ²
◙ verb
(tore / tɔ:(r) / torn / tɔ:n; NAme tɔ:rn / )
›› DæMæGə 损坏
1. to damage sth by pulling it apart or into pieces or by cutting it on sth sharp; to become damaged in this way
• 撕裂；撕碎；扯破；戳破
【SYN】 rip :
▪ [VN]
»I tore my jeans on the fence.
  我的牛仔裤被篱笆挂破了。
»I tore a hole in my jeans.
  我的牛仔裤挂了个窟窿。
»He tore the letter in two.
  他把信撕成两半。
»a torn handkerchief
  撕破的手帕
▪ [VN-ADJ]
»I tore the package open.
  我把包裹撕开。
▪ [V]
»Careful—the fabric tears very easily.
  小心,这种织物一撕就破。
2. [VN] ~ sth in sth to make a hole in sth by force
• 撕开,划成,刺出,扯开(裂口或洞)
【SYN】 rip :
»The blast tore a hole in the wall.
  墙被炸开了个洞。
›› REMOVE FROM STH / SB 移开
3. [VN +adv. / prep.] to remove sth from sth else by pulling it roughly or violently
• 拉掉；撕掉；拔掉；扯掉
【SYN】 rip :
»The storm nearly tore the roof off.
  暴风雨差一点儿把屋顶掀掉。
»I tore another sheet from the pad.
  我从本子上又撕下一张纸。
»He tore his clothes off (= took them off quickly and carelessly) and dived into the lake.
  他把衣服从身上扯下,一头跳入湖中。
4. ~ yourself / sb (from sb / sth) to pull yourself / sb away by force from sb / sth that is holding you or them
• 挣开；拽开；夺去；揪走:
▪ [VN]
»She tore herself from his grasp.
  她挣脱了他紧紧抓着她的手。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
»He tore himself free.
  他挣脱了。
›› INJURE MUSCLE 损伤肌肉
5. [VN] to injure a muscle, etc. by stretching it too much
• 拉伤；拽伤:
»a torn ligament
  拉伤的韧带
›› MOVE QUICKLY 快速移动
6. [V +adv. / prep.] to move somewhere very quickly or in an excited way
• 飞跑；狂奔；疾驰:
»He tore off down the street.
  他沿大街飞奔。
»A truck tore past the gates.
  卡车从大门前疾驰而过。
›› -TORN 受…伤害
7. (in adjectives 构成形容词) very badly affected or damaged by sth
• 深受…之苦的；饱经…摧残的:
»to bring peace to a strife-torn country
  给一个饱经变乱创伤的国家带来和平
»a strike-torn industry
  深受罢工困扰的行业
--› see also war-torn

【IDIOMS】

◘ tear sb / sth a'part, to 'shreds, to 'bits, etc.
• to destroy or defeat sb / sth completely or criticize them or it severely
• 彻底毁灭；彻底打败；严厉批评:
»We tore the other team apart in the second half.
  我们在下半场把对方球队打得落花流水。
»The critics tore his last movie to shreds.
  影评家把他最近的一部影片说得一无是处。
◘ ˌtear at your 'heart | ◘ ˌtear your 'heart out
•(formal) to strongly affect you in an emotional way
• 使伤心；使心如刀绞；使愁肠寸断
◘ tear your 'hair (out)
•(informal) to show that you are very angry or anxious about sth
• (因发怒、焦急而)撕扯自己的头发:
»She's keeping very calm—anyone else would be tearing their hair out.
  她依旧泰然自若,要是换个人早急坏了。
◘ (be in) a tearing 'hurry / 'rush
(especially BrE)
• (to be) in a very great hurry
• 匆忙；急匆匆；风风火火
◘ be torn (between A and B)
• to be unable to decide or choose between ten people, things or feelings
• (在两者间)难以选择,左右为难:
»I was torn between my parents and my friend.
  我在父母和朋友之间左右为难。
◘ tear sb 'off a strip | ◘ tear a 'strip off sb
(BrE, informal)
• to speak angrily to sb who has done sth wrong
• 怒斥；把…骂得狗血喷头
◘ ˌthat's 'torn it
• (BrE, informal) used to say that sth has happened to spoil your plans
• (表示计划受挫)这可糟了
--› more at heart , limb , loose adj.

【PHR V】

◘ ˌtear sb∽a'part
• to make sb feel very unhappy or worried
• 使不快；使担心
【SYN】 rip sb apart :
»It tears me apart to think I might have hurt her feelings.
  一想到我可能伤害了她的感情,我就感到痛心。
◘ ˌtear sth∽a'part
1. to destroy sth violently, especially by pulling it to pieces
• 撕毁；撕碎:
»The dogs tore the fox apart.
  几条狗把那只狐狸撕成了碎片。
2. to make people in a country, an organization or other place fight or argue with each other
• 使四分五裂；使分崩离析:
»Racial strife is tearing our country apart.
  种族冲突把我们国家搞得四分五裂。
3. to search a place, making it look untidy and causing damage
• 把(某处)搜索得凌乱不堪:
»They tore the room apart, looking for money.
  他们为了找钱,把房间翻得乱七八糟。
【SYN】 rip sth apart
◘ 'tear at sth
• to pull or cut sth violently so that it tears
• 撕裂；扯开；撕破:
»He tore at the meat with his bare hands.
  他只凭两只手就把肉撕碎了。
◘ ˌtear yourself a'way (from sth) ◘ | ˌtear sth a'way (from sth)
• to leave somewhere even though you would prefer to stay there; to take sth away from somewhere
• 依依不舍地离开；忍痛离去；把…拿走:
»Dinner's ready, if you can tear yourself away from the TV.
  开饭了,别舍不得离开电视了。
»She was unable to tear her eyes away from him (= could not stop looking at him).
  她恋恋不舍地望着他。
◘ ˌtear sth∽'down
• to pull or knock down a building, wall, etc.
• 拆毁,拆除(建筑物、墙等)
【SYN】 demolish
◘ ˌtear 'into sb / sth
1. to attack sb / sth physically or with words
• 攻击；袭击；痛斥；抨击
2. to start doing sth with a lot of energy
• 积极投入:
»They tore into their food as if they were starving.
  他们狼吞虎咽地吃起饭来,好像饿坏了似的。
◘ ˌtear sth∽'up
• to destroy a document, etc. by tearing it into pieces
• 撕毁,撕碎(文件等)
【SYN】 rip sth up :
»She tore up all the letters he had sent her.
  她把他寄给她的信都撕了。
»(figurative) He accused the leader of tearing up the party's manifesto (= of ignoring it).
  他谴责领导人无视党的宣言。

◙ noun
• a hole that has been made in sth by tearing
• 破洞；裂口；裂缝:
»This sheet has a tear in it.
这条牀单上有个破洞。
--› more at wear n.

◙ tear² / tiə (r); NAme tir / noun [usually pl.]
--› see also tear ¹
• a drop of liquid that comes out of your eye when you cry
• 眼泪；泪珠；泪水:
»A tear rolled down his face.
  一滴眼泪沿他的面颊流下来。
»She left the room in tears (= crying).
  她哭着离开了房间。
»He suddenly burst into tears (= began to cry).
  他突然放声大哭起来。
»As he listened to the music, his eyes filled with tears.
  他听着音乐,眼睛里噙着泪水。
»Their story will move you to tears (= make you cry).
  他们的故事会使你感动得落泪。
»They reduced her to tears (= made her cry, especially by being cruel or unkind).
  他们弄得她哭起来了。
»Ann wiped a tear from her eye.
  安擦去眼里的泪水。
»The memory brought a tear to her eye (= made her cry).
  她想起这事便热泪盈眶。
»Most of the audience was on the verge of tears.
  大多数观众都快流泪了。
»I was close to tears as I told them the news.
  我告诉他们这一消息时都快要哭了出来。
»Desperately she fought back the tears (= tried not to cry).
  她竭力忍住没让眼泪流出来。
»to shed tears of happiness
  喜极而泣
»tears of pain, joy, etc.
  痛苦、喜悦等的泪水
»The tears welled up in his eyes.
  他热泪盈眶。

【IDIOMS】

--› see blood n., bored , crocodile , end v.

burst / bə:st; NAmE bə:rst /
◙ verb (burst, burst)
1. to break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside; to make sth break in this way
• (使)爆裂,胀开:
▪ [V]
»That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more.
  你再给气球充气,它就要爆了。
»The dam burst under the weight of water.
  大坝在水的巨大压力下溃决了。
»Shells were bursting (= exploding) all around us.
  炮弹在我们四周爆炸。
»(figurative) He felt he would burst with anger and shame.
  他恼羞成怒,都要气炸了。
»a burst pipe
  爆裂的管子
▪ [VN]
»Don't burst that balloon!
  别把气球弄炸了！
»The river burst its banks and flooded nearby towns.
  那条河决堤淹没了附近的城镇。
--› note at explode
2. [V +adv. / prep.] to go or move somewhere suddenly with great force; to come from somewhere suddenly
• 猛冲；突然出现:
»He burst into the room without knocking.
  他没敲门就闯进了屋子。
»The sun burst through the clouds.
  太阳破云而出。
»The words burst from her in an angry rush.
  她破口说出了那一大堆气话。
3. [V] be bursting (with sth) to be very full of sth; to be very full and almost breaking open
• 爆满；涨满:
»The roads are bursting with cars.
  车辆把那些道路挤满了。
»to be bursting with ideas / enthusiasm / pride
  满怀想法/热情/骄傲
»The hall was filled to bursting point.
  大厅里挤满了人。
»The hall was full to bursting.
  大厅里挤满了人。
»(informal) I'm bursting (for a pee) (= I need to use the toilet right now) !
  我得马上去洗手间。

【IDIOMS】

◘ be bursting to do sth
• to want to do sth so much that you can hardly stop yourself
• 急于(或迫切想)做某事:
»She was bursting to tell him the good news.
  她急不可待要把好消息告诉他。
◘ ˌburst sb's 'bubble
• to bring an end to sb's hopes, happiness, etc.
• 使某人希望破灭；毁掉某人的幸福
◘ ˌburst 'open | ◘ ˌburst (sth) 'open
• to open suddenly or violently; to make sth open in this way
• (使)猛然打开:
»The door burst open.
  门突然开了。
»Firefighters burst the door open and rescued them.
  消防队员撞开门,把他们救了出来。
--› more at bubble n., seam

【PHR V】

◘ ˌburst 'in ◘ | ˌburst into a 'room, 'building, etc.
• to enter a room or building suddenly and noisily
• 闯进；突然破门而入
◘ ˌburst 'in on sb / sth
• to interrupt sb / sth by entering a place suddenly and noisily
• (突然闯进而)打断,扰乱:
»He burst in on the meeting.
  他闯进来打断了会议。
◘ 'burst into sth
• to start producing sth suddenly and with great force
• 突然爆发:
»The aircraft crashed and burst into flames (= suddenly began to burn).
  飞机坠毁后猛烈燃烧起来。
»She burst into tears (= suddenly began to cry).
  她突然大哭起来。
◘ 'burst on / onto sth
• to appear somewhere suddenly in a way that is very noticeable
• 突然在…出现；突然显现:
»A major new talent has burst onto the literary scene.
  文坛突然冒出一位重要的新秀。
◘ ˌburst 'out
1. to speak suddenly, loudly and with strong feeling
• 突然激动地喊叫
▪ [+ speech ]
»'For heavens' sake!' he burst out.
  "天哪！"他大叫一声。
--› related noun outburst (1)
--› note at call
2. to begin doing sth suddenly
• 突然开始(做某事)
▪ [+ -ing ]
»Karen burst out laughing.
  卡伦突然大笑起来。

◙ noun
1. a short period of a particular activity or strong emotion that often starts suddenly
• 突发；猝发；迸发；爆破:
»a sudden burst of activity / energy / anger / enthusiasm
  活动/能量/怒火/热情的迸发
»Her breath was coming in short bursts.
  她的呼吸急迫短促。
»I tend to work in bursts.
  我的工作劲头往往是一阵一阵的。
»spontaneous bursts of applause
  自发的阵阵掌声
2. an occasion when sth bursts; the hole left where sth has burst
• 爆裂；裂口:
»a burst in a water pipe
  水管上的裂缝
3. a short series of shots from a gun
• 一阵短促的射击:
»frequent bursts of machine-gun fire
  机枪的频频扫射

ˌempty-'handed
◙ adj. [not usually before noun]
• without getting what you wanted; without taking sth to sb
• 一无所获；空手:
»The robbers fled empty-handed.
抢劫犯一无所获地逃走了。
»She visited every Sunday and never arrived empty-handed.
她每个星期天都来拜访,没有哪一次不带礼物。

glare / ɡleə(r); NAmE ɡler /
◙ verb [V]
1. ~ (at sb / sth) to look at sb / sth in an angry way
• 怒目而视
【SYN】 glower :
»He didn't shout, he just glared at me silently.
他没有喊叫,只是默默地怒视着我。
2. to shine with a very bright unpleasant light
• 发出刺眼的光

◙ noun
1. [U, sing.] a very bright, unpleasant light
• 刺眼的光:
»the glare of the sun
  炫目的阳光
»The rabbit was caught in the glare of the car's headlights.
  兔子在耀眼的汽车前灯照射下动弹不得。
»These sunglasses are designed to reduce glare.
  这些太阳镜是为减少刺眼的强光而设计的。
»(figurative) The divorce was conducted in the full glare of publicity (= with continuous attention from newspapers and television).
  这桩离婚案是在舆论的密切关注下进行的。
2. [C] a long, angry look
• (长久的)怒视,瞪眼:
»to give sb a hostile glare
  含敌意地瞪着某人
--› note at stare
--› note at look

'toilet paper (also 'toilet tissue)
◙ noun [U]
• thin soft paper used for cleaning yourself after you have used the toilet
• 衞生纸；手纸:
»a roll of toilet paper
一卷衞生纸