m6u2sur∙round / səˈraund / ◙ verb [VN] 1. ~ sth / sb (with sth) to be all around sth / sb • 围绕；环绕: »Tall trees surround the lake. 环湖都是大树。 »The lake is surrounded with / by trees. 湖边树木环绕。 »the membranes surrounding the brain 脑膜 »As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness. 幼年时我备受关爱。 2. ~ sb / sth (with sb / sth) to move into position all around sb / sth, especially so as to prevent them from escaping; to move sb / sth into position in this way • (使)包围,围住: »Police surrounded the building. 警方包围了那栋房子。 »They've surrounded the building with police. 他们派警察包围了那栋房子。 3. to be closely connected with sth / sb • 与…紧密相关；围绕: »publicity surrounding the divorce 媒体围绕这桩离婚事件的报道 4. ~ yourself with sb / sth to choose to have particular people or things near you all the time • 喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西): »I like to surround myself with beautiful things. 我喜欢身边老有漂亮的东西。 ◙ noun • a border or an area around the edge of sth, especially one that is decorated • (物品的)边,饰边；周围
suf∙fer∙ing / ˈsʌfəriŋ / ◙ noun 1. [U] physical or mental pain • 疼痛；痛苦；折磨；苦难: »Death finally brought an end to her suffering. 死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。 »This war has caused widespread human suffering. 这场战争给许许多多的人带来了苦难。 2. sufferings [pl.] feelings of pain and unhappiness • 痛苦；苦恼: »The hospice aims to ease the sufferings of the dying. 临终关怀医院旨在减轻临终者的痛苦。
gym∙nast / ˈdʒimnæst / ◙ noun • a person who performsgymnastics, especially in a competition • 体操运动员
view∙er / ˈvju:ə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a person watching television • 电视观众: »The programme attracted millions of viewers. 这个节目吸引了数百万电视观众。 2. a person who looks at or considers sth • 观看者；观察者: »Some of her art is intended to shock the viewer. 她的一些艺术旨在震动观赏者。 »viewers of the current political scene 当前政治局面的观察家 --› note atwitness 3. a device for looking atslides(= photographs on special film), for example a small box with a light in it • (幻灯片)观看器；幻灯机
good∙will / ˌɡudˈwil / ◙ noun [U] 1. friendly or helpful feelings towards other people or countries • 友善；友好；善意；亲善: »a spirit of goodwill in international relations 国际关系中的亲善精神 »a goodwill gesture / a gesture of goodwill 友好的表示 2. the good relationship between a business and its customers that is calculated as part of its value when it is sold • 信誉；商誉
jun∙ior / ˈdʒu:niə(r) / ◙ adj. ›› OF LOW RANK 低层 1. [usually before noun] ~ (to sb) having a low rank in an organization or a profession • 地位(或职位、级别)低下的: »junior employees 低层雇员 »She is junior to me. 她职位比我低。 ›› IN SPORT 体育运动 2. [only before noun] connected with young people below a particular age, rather than with adults, especially in sports • 青少年的: »the world junior tennis championships 世界青少年网球锦标赛 ›› SON 儿子 3. Junior (abbr. Jnr, Jr.) (especially in US) used after the name of a man who has the same name as his father, to avoid confusion • (尤用于美国,置于同名父子中儿子的姓名之后)小 --› compareyoungerat youngadj. (6) ›› SCHOOL / COLLEGE 学校；学院 4. [only before noun] (BrE) (of a school or part of a school 学校或学校的一部份) for children under the age of 11 or 13 • 为 11 或 13 岁以下儿童设立的 5. [only before noun] (NAmE) connected with the year before the last year in ahigh schoolor college • (四年制中学或大学中)三年级生的,三年级的: »I spent my junior year in France. 我三年级是在法国念的。 --› comparesenior◙ noun ›› LOW LEVEL JOB 职位低的工作 1. [C] (especially BrE) a person who has a job at a low level within an organization • 职位较低者；低层次工作人员: »office juniors 办公室的一般职员 ›› IN SPORT 体育运动 2. [C] a young person below a particular age, rather than an adult • 青少年；青少年运动员: »She has coached many of our leading juniors. 她训练过我们许多名列前茅的青少年运动员。 ›› IN SCHOOL / COLLEGE 学校；学院 3. [C] (BrE) a child who goes tojunior school • 小学生 4. [C] (NAmE) a student in the year before the last year athigh schoolor college • (中学或大学的)三年级学生 --› comparesophomore ›› SON 儿子 5. [sing.] (NAmE, informal) a person's young son • 男孩子；年幼的儿子: »I leave junior with Mom when I'm at work. 我工作时就把儿子留给母亲照看。
【IDIOMS】
◘ be...years sb's 'junior | ◘ be sb's junior (by...) • to be younger than sb, by the number of years mentioned • 小某人…岁；比某人小…岁: »She's five years his junior. 她比他小四岁。 »She's his junior by five years. 她比他小四岁。
vault / vɔ:lt / ◙ noun 1. a room with thick walls and a strong door, especially in a bank, used for keeping valuable things safe • (尤指银行的)金库,保险库 2. a room under a church or in acemetery, used for burying people • (教堂的)地下墓室；(坟地的)墓穴 3. a roof or ceiling in the form of anarchor a series ofarches • 拱顶；穹隆 4. a jump made byvaulting • 撑物跳高；撑杆跳 --› see alsopole vault◙ verb • ~ (over) sth to jump over an object in a single movement, using your hands or a pole to push you • (用手支撑或撑杆)跳跃,腾跃: ▪ [V] »She vaulted over the gate and ran up the path. 她用手一撑跃过栅栏门沿着小路跑了。 ▪ [VN] »to vault a fence 跃过篱笆墙 --› see alsopole vaultapart / əˈpɑ:t; NAmE əˈpɑ:rt / ◙ adv. 1. separated by a distance, of space or time • (指空间或时间)相隔,相距: »The ten houses stood 500 metres apart. 两座房子相距 500 米。 »Their birthdays are only seven days apart. 他们的生日仅隔三日。 »(figurative) The ten sides in the talks are still a long way apart (= are far from reaching an agreement). 谈判双方的意见仍相去甚远。 2. not together; separate or separately • 不在一起；分离；分开: »We're living apart now. 我们现在不住在一起。 »Over the years, Rosie and I had drifted apart. 多年以来,我和罗西早已疏远。 »She keeps herself apart from other people. 她与其他人保持距离。 »I can't tell the twins apart (= see the difference between them). 我分不出这一对双胞胎中谁是谁。 3. into pieces • 成碎片: »The whole thing just came apart in my hands. 这整件东西偏偏在我手里破裂了。 »We had to take the engine apart. 我们不得不拆卸了引擎。 »When his wife died, his world fell apart. 他在妻子去世后万念俱灰。 4. used to say that sb / sth is not included in what you are talking about • (指所说的不包括在内)除外: »Colin apart, not six of them seems suitable for the job. 除了科林,看来他们中谁也不适合这个工作。
【IDIOMS】
--› seejokev.,polen.,ripv.,worlda'part from (also a'side from especially in NAmE) ◙ prep. 1. except for • 除了…外(都)；要不是: »I've finished apart from the last question. 除了最后一道题,我全做完了。 2. in addition to; as well as • 除了…外(还)；此外；加之: »Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain. 他们在伦敦有一座房子,此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。 »It was a difficult time. Apart from everything else, we had financial problems. 当时是困难时期。别的一切都不说,我们财政上也有问题。 »You've got to help. Apart from anything else you're my brother. 你得帮忙。别的不说,你总归是我兄弟。 --› note atbesidesmat / mæt / ◙ noun 1. a small piece of thick carpet or strong material that is used to cover part of a floor • 小地毯；垫子: »Wipe your feet on the mat before you come in, please. 请在垫子上擦擦脚再进来。 --› see alsobath mat,doormat(1),mouse mat 2. a piece of thick material such as rubber or plastic used especially in some sports for people to lie on or fall onto • (体育运动用的)厚垫子: »a judo / an exercise mat 柔道垫；健身垫 3. a small piece of plastic, wood or cloth used on a table for decoration or to protect the surface from heat or damage • (装饰或保护桌面的)衬垫,小垫: »a beer mat 啤酒杯垫 --› see alsotable mat 4. a thick mass of sth that is stuck together • 团；簇；丛: »a mat of hair 一团毛发 --› see alsomatted
【IDIOMS】
◘ go to the 'mat (with sb) (for sb / sth) (NAmE, informal) • to support or defend sb / sth in an argument with sb • (为支持或维护…)(与某人)争辩 ◘ take sb / sth to the 'mat (US, informal) • to get involved in an argument with sb / sth • 与…进行辩论◙ adj. (US) =mattspe∙cial∙ist / ˈspeʃəlist / ◙ noun 1. a person who is an expert in a particular area of work or study • 专家: »a specialist in Japanese history 日本史专家 2. a doctor who hasspecializedin a particular area of medicine • 专科医生: »a cancer specialist 癌症专科医生 --› comparegeneralist ♦ spe∙cial∙ist adj. [only before noun] : »specialist magazines 专业杂志 »You need some specialist advice. 你需要咨询专业人士。
se∙vere / siˈviə(r); NAme -ˈvir / ◙ adj. (se∙verer, se∙ver∙est) ›› VERY BAD 非常不好 1. extremely bad or serious • 极为恶劣的；十分严重的: »a severe handicap 严重残疾 »His injuries are severe. 他的伤很重。 »severe weather conditions 恶劣的天气情况 »a severe winter (= one during which the weather conditions are extremely bad) 严冬 »The party suffered severe losses during the last election. 该党在上次选举中遭到惨败。 »a severe shortage of qualified staff 合格员工的严重短缺 ›› PUNISHMENT 惩罚 2. ~ (on / with sb) punishing sb in an extreme way when they break a particular set of rules • 严厉的；重的 【SYN】harsh: »The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders. 法庭对青少年犯罪者的处罚趋于严厉。 »a severe punishment / sentence 重罚；重判 ›› NOT KIND 不和善 3. not kind or sympathetic and showing disapproval of sb / sth • 严厉的；苛刻的 【SYN】stern: »a severe expression 冷厉的表情 »She was a severe woman who seldom smiled. 她是个严肃的女人,脸上很少出现笑容。 ›› VERY DIFFICULT 非常困难 4. extremely difficult and requiring a lot of skill or ability • 艰难的；艰巨的；难度很大的 【SYN】stiff: »The marathon is a severe test of stamina. 马拉松赛跑是对耐力的严峻考验。 ›› STYLE / APPEARANCE / CLOTHING 风格；外貌；衣着 5. (disapproving) extremely plain and lacking any decoration • 过于简朴的: »Modern furniture is a little too severe for my taste. 现代家具有点过于简朴,我不大喜欢。 »Her hair was short and severe. 她的头发不长,也没有花样。 ♦ se∙vere∙ly adv.: »severely disabled 严重残疾的 »areas severely affected by unemployment 深受失业影响的地区 »Anyone breaking the law will be severely punished. 违法者将受到严惩。 »a severely critical report 一篇措辞严厉的批评报道 »Her hair was tied severely in a bun. 她的头发简单地盘成了一个发髻。 ♦ se∙ver∙ity / siˈverəti / noun [U] : »A prison sentence should match the severity of the crime. 刑期长短要和罪行轻重一致。 »The chances of a full recovery will depend on the severity of her injuries. 能否彻底康复取决于她受伤的严重程度。 »the severity of the problem 问题的严重性 »He frowned with mock severity. 他沉下脸来,装出一副严厉的样子。 »The elaborate facade contrasts strongly with the severity of the interior. 精致的门面同室内的简朴形成强烈反差。
spirit / ˈspirit / ◙ noun ›› MIND / FEELINGS / CHARACTER 思想；感情；性格 1. [U, C] the part of a person that includes their mind, feelings and character rather than their body • 精神；心灵: »the power of the human spirit to overcome difficulties 人类克服困难的精神力量 2. spirits [pl.] a person's feelings or state of mind • 情绪；心境: »to be in high / low spirits 情绪高/低 »You must try and keep your spirits up (= stay cheerful). 你必须设法保持高昂的情绪。 »My spirits sank at the prospect of starting all over again. 想到一切都得从头再来,我的情绪一下子低落了。 3. [C] (always with an adjective 总是与形容词连用) a person of the type mentioned • (某种类型的)人: »a brave spirit 勇敢的人 »kindred spirits (= people who like the same things as you) 志趣相投的人 --› see alsofree spirit ›› COURAGE / DETERMINATION 勇气；决心 4. [U] courage, determination or energy • 勇气；志气；意志；活力: »Show a little fighting spirit. 要表现出一点斗志。 »Although the team lost, they played with tremendous spirit. 尽管输了,但队员表现得极为勇猛。 »They took away his freedom and broke his spirit. 他们夺去了他的自由,摧垮了他的意志。 ›› LOYAL FEELINGS 忠心 5. [U, sing.] loyal feelings towards a group, team or society • (对团体、队伍、社会的)忠心: »There's not much community spirit around here. 这里集体精神比较薄弱。 --› see alsoteam spirit ›› ATTITUDE 态度 6. [sing.] a state of mind or mood; an attitude • 心态；态度: »We approached the situation in the wrong spirit. 我们以前对待局势的心态不对。 »'OK, I'll try.' ' That's the spirit (= the right attitude).' "好吧,我来试试。" "这就对了。" »The party went well because everyone entered into the spirit of things. 晚会很成功,因为每个人都很投入。 --› see alsoparty spirit ›› TYPICAL QUALITY 根本属性 7. [sing.] the typical or most important quality or mood of sth • 本质；精髓；基本精神: »The exhibition captures the spirit of the age / times. 这个展览会抓住了时代精神。 ›› REAL MEANING 真实意义 8. [U] the real or intended meaning or purpose of sth • 真实意义；实质: »Obey the spirit, not the letter (= the narrow meaning of the words) of the law. 要依照法律的精神实质,而不是字面意思。 ›› SOUL 灵魂 9. [C] the soul thought of as separate from the body and believed to live on after death; aghost • 灵魂；鬼魂；幽灵: »He is dead, but his spirit lives on. 他死了,但他的灵魂将永存。 »It was believed that people could be possessed by evil spirits. 以前,人们相信人有可能被恶魔缠身。 --› see alsoHoly Spirit ›› IMAGINARY CREATURE 想像中的生灵 10. [C] (old-fashioned) an imaginary creature with magic powers, for example, afairyor anelf • 仙子；小精灵；小妖精 ›› ALCOHOL 酒精 11. [C, usually pl.] (especially BrE) a strong alcoholic drink • 烈酒: »I don't drink whisky or brandy or any other spirits. 我不喝威士忌和白兰地,也不喝其他烈性酒。 12. [U] a special type of alcohol used in industry or medicine • 工业酒精；医用酒精 --› see alsomethylated spirit,surgical spirit,white spirit
【IDIOMS】
◘ in 'spirit • in your thoughts • 在心里；在精神上: »I shall be with you in spirit (= thinking about you though not with you physically). 我的心将和你在一起。 ◘ the ˌspirit is 'willing (but the ˌflesh is 'weak) •(humorous, saying) you intend to do good things but you are too lazy, weak or busy to actually do them • 心灵固然愿意,肉体却软弱；心有余而力不足；力不从心 ◘ as / when / if the ˌspirit 'moves you • as / when / if you feel like it • 要是愿意的话: »I'll go for a run this evening, if the spirit moves me. 晚上要是有兴致的话,我要去跑步。 --› more atfightv.,raisev. ◙ verb [VN +adv. / prep.] • to take sb / sth away in a quick, secret or mysterious way • 偷偷带走；让人不可思议地弄走: »After the concert, the band was spirited away before their fans could get near them. 音乐会结束后,乐队没等歌迷靠近就神秘地消失了。
ap∙pre∙ci∙ation / əˌpri:ʃiˈeiʃn / ◙ noun 1. [U] pleasure that you have when you recognize and enjoy the good qualities of sb / sth • 欣赏: »She shows little appreciation of good music. 她感受不到美好音乐的妙处。 »The crowd murmured in appreciation. 人群低声赞叹着。 2. [U, sing.] ~ of sth a full or sympathetic understanding of sth, such as a situation or a problem, and of what it involves • 理解；体谅；同情: »I had no appreciation of the problems they faced. 我没有体谅到他们所面临的困难。 3. [U] ~ (of / for sth) the feeling of being grateful for sth • 感激；感谢: »Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you've done for us. 承蒙鼎力相助,不胜感激,谨备薄礼,敬请笑纳。 4. [U, sing.] ~ (in sth) increase in value over a period of time • 增值；升值 【OPP】depreciation 5. [C] ~ (of sth) (formal) a piece of writing or a speech in which the strengths and weaknesses of sb / sth, especially an artist or a work of art, are discussed and judged • (尤指艺术方面的)鉴定,评价,评估
sor∙row / ˈsɔrəu; NAme ˈsɑ:rou; ˈsɔ:- / ◙ noun 1. [U] ~ (at / for / over sth) a feeling of great sadness because sth very bad has happened • 悲伤；悲痛；悲哀 【SYN】grief: »He expressed his sorrow at the news of her death. 听到她的死讯,他表示哀伤。 »They said that the decision was made more in sorrow than in anger. 他们说作出这个决定,与其说是出于气愤,不如说是出于悲伤。 2. [C] a very sad event or situation • 伤心事；悲伤事；不幸: »the joys and sorrows of childhood 童年的欢乐和悲伤 ◙ verb [V] • (literary) to feel or express great sadness • 感到(或表示)悲伤: »the sorrowing relatives 悲伤的亲属
ac∙com∙plish / əˈkʌmpliʃ; NAmE əˈkɑ:m- / ◙ verb [VN] • to succeed in doing or completing sth • 完成 【SYN】achieve: »The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished. 计划的第一部份已顺利完成。 »I don't feel I've accomplished very much today. 我觉得我今天没干成多少事。 »That's it. Mission accomplished (= we have done what we aimed to do). 就这样。大功告成。
thank∙ful / ˈθæŋkfl / ◙ adj. [not usually before noun] • ~ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that ...) pleased about sth good that has happened, or sth bad that has not happened • 感谢；感激；欣慰: »I was thankful to see they'd all arrived safely. 看到他们都平安到达,我感到欣慰。 »He wasn't badly hurt—that's something to be thankful for. 他的伤不重,这倒是值得庆幸。 »I was thankful that he hadn't been hurt. 他没有受伤,我感到很欣慰。
【IDIOMS】
--› seesmalladj.
adapt / əˈdæpt / ◙ verb 1. [VN] ~ sth (for sth) to change sth in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation • 使适应,使适合(新用途、新情况) 【SYN】modify: »Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. 这些工具多数已经过特别改装,供残疾人使用。 »These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes. 这些式样可以修改,以适应个人不同爱好。 2. ~ (yourself) (to sth) to change your behaviour in order to deal more successfully with a new situation • 适应(新情况) 【SYN】adjust: ▪ [V] »We have had to adapt quickly to the new system. 我们不得不迅速适应了新制度。 »A large organization can be slow to adapt to change. 大机构可能应变迟缓。 »The organisms were forced to adapt in order to survive. 生物被迫适应,以求生存。 »It's amazing how soon you adapt. 你这么快就适应了,真是令人惊奇。 ▪ [VN] »It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings. 他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。 3. [VN] ~ sth (for sth) (from sth) to change a book or play so that it can be made into a play, film / movie, television programme, etc. • 改编；改写: »Three of her novels have been adapted for television. 她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
broad∙cast∙ing / ˈbrɔ:dkɑ:stiŋ; NAmE -kæst- / ◙ noun [U] • the business of making and sending out radio and television programmes • (无线电和电视的)节目制作和播放；广播: »to work in broadcasting 从事广播工作 »the British Broadcasting Corporation (= the BBC) 英国广播公司(BBC)
ad∙vo∙cate ◙ verb • / ˈædvəkeit / (formal) to support sth publicly • 拥护；支持；提倡: ▪ [VN] »The group does not advocate the use of violence. 该团体不支持使用暴力。 ▪ [V -ing] »Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour. 很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。 ▪ [V that] »The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors. 报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。 (BrE also) »The report advocated that all buildings should be fitted with smoke detectors. 报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。 --› note atrecommend ▪ [also VN -ing] ◙ noun / ˈædvəkət / 1. ~ (of / for sth / sb) a person who supports or speaks in favour of sb or of a public plan or action • 拥护者；支持者；提倡者: »an advocate for hospital workers 医院工作人员的支持者 »a staunch advocate of free speech 言论自由的坚定拥护者 --› see also's advocate">devil's advocate 2. a person who defends sb in court • 辩护律师；出庭辩护人 --› note atlawyerad∙mir∙able / ˈædmərəbl / ◙ adj. • (formal)having qualities that you admire and respect • 可钦佩的；值得赞赏的；令人羡慕的 【SYN】commendable: »Her dedication to her work was admirable. 她对工作的奉献精神可钦可佩。 »He made his points with admirable clarity. 他阐述观点明确,值得赞赏。 ♦ ad∙mir∙ably / -əbli / adv.: »Joe coped admirably with a difficult situation. 乔面对困境应付裕如。
re∙build / ˌri:ˈbild / ◙ verb (re∙built, re∙built / ˌri:ˈbilt / ) ▪ əʒŋ] 1. to build or put sth together again • 重建；重组；重新装配: »After the earthquake, the people set about rebuilding their homes. 地震过后,人们开始重建家园。 »He rebuilt the engine using parts from cars that had been scrapped. 他用废弃的汽车零件重新装配了发动机。 2. to make sth / sb complete and strong again • 使复原；使恢复: »When she lost her job, she had to rebuild her life completely. 她丢了工作以后,不得不彻底重新安排自己的生活。 »attempts to rebuild the shattered post-war economy 为恢复支离破碎的战后经济所作的尝试
un∙bear∙able / ʌnˈbeərəbl; NAme -ˈber- / ◙ adj. • too painful, annoying or unpleasant to deal with or accept • 难耐的；无法接受的；难以处理的 【SYN】intolerable: »The heat was becoming unbearable. 炎热开始变得难以忍受。 »unbearable pain 无法忍受的疼痛 »He's been unbearable since he won that prize. 他得奖以后变得很难相与。 【OPP】bearable ♦ un∙bear∙ably / -əbli / adv.: »unbearably hot 酷热难当
al∙co∙hol / ˈælkəhɔl; NAmE -hɔ:l; -hɑ:l / ◙ noun [U] 1. drinks such as beer, wine, etc. that can make people drunk • 含酒精饮料；酒: »He never drinks alcohol. 他从来不喝酒。 »alcohol abuse 酗酒 2. the clear liquid that is found in drinks such as beer, wine, etc. and is used in medicines, cleaning products, etc. • 酒精；乙醇: »Wine contains about 10% alcohol. 葡萄酒含有约 10% 的酒精。 »levels of alcohol in the blood 血液中酒精含量 »He pleaded guilty to driving with excess alcohol. 他对过量饮酒后驾车一事表示服罪。 »low-alcohol beer 酒精度低的啤酒 »alcohol-free beer 不含酒精的啤酒 --› see alsoabsolute alcoholtem∙por∙ary / ˈtemprəri; NAme -pəreri / ◙ adj. • lasting or intended to last or be used only for a short time; not permanent • 短暂的；暂时的；临时的: »temporary relief from pain 短暂的解痛 »I'm looking for some temporary work. 我在找个临时工作。 »They had to move into temporary accommodation. 他们不得不搬进临时住所。 »a temporary measure / solution / arrangement 临时措施/解决办法/安排 »More than half the staff are temporary. 半数以上的职员是临时雇员。 【OPP】permanent ♦ tem∙por∙ar∙ily / ˈtemprərəli; NAme ˌtempəˈrerəli / adv.: »We regret this service is temporarily unavailable. 我们很抱歉暂时不能提供这一服务。 ♦ tem∙por∙ari∙ness noun [U] depth / depθ / ◙ noun ›› MEASUREMENT 量度 1. [C, U] the distance from the top or surface to the bottom of sth • 向下的距离；深(度)；纵深: »What's the depth of the water here? 这儿的水有多深？ »Water was found at a depth of 30 metres. 在 30 米深处找到了水。 »They dug down to a depth of two metres. 他们挖到两米深。 »Many dolphins can dive to depths of 200 metres. 许多海豚可潜到 200 米深。 »The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in depth. 油井向下延伸了数百英尺。 »the depth of a cut / wound / crack 刀口/伤口/裂口深度 2. [C, U] the distance from the front to the back of sth • 向里的距离；深(度)；宽(度): »The depth of the shelves is 30 centimetres. 书架的深度为 30 厘米。 ›› OF FEELINGS 感觉 3. [U] the strength and power of feelings • 深厚；诚挚；强烈: »the depth of her love 她那爱情之深 ›› OF KNOWLEDGE 知识 4. [U] (approving) the quality of knowing or understanding a lot of details about sth; the ability to provide and explain these details • 渊博；深刻；洞察力: »a writer of great wisdom and depth 有卓越智慧和洞察力的作家 »a job that doesn't require any great depth of knowledge 不需要多么高深知识的工作 »His ideas lack depth. 他的想法缺乏深度。 ›› DEEPEST PART 最深处 5. [C, usually pl.] the deepest, most extreme or serious part of sth • 最深处；深渊；极限: »the depths of the ocean 海洋深处 »to live in the depths of the country (= a long way from a town) 住在偏远地区 »in the depths of winter (= when it is coldest) 在隆冬季节 »She was in the depths of despair 她处于绝望的深渊。 »He gazed into the depths of her eyes. 他深深凝视着她的眼睛。 »Her paintings reveal hidden depths (= unknown and interesting things about her character). 她的画揭示出她隐藏的性格特征。 ›› OF COLOUR 颜色 6. [U] the strength of a colour • 浓度；强度: »Strong light will affect the depth of colour of your carpets and curtains. 强烈的阳光会使你的地毯和窗帘褪色。 ›› PICTURE / PHOTOGRAPH 画；照片 7. [U] (technical 术语) the quality in a work of art or a photograph which makes it appear not to be flat • 立体感 --› see alsodeep
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌin 'depth • in a detailed and thorough way • 全面；深入；详细: »I haven't looked at the report in depth yet. 我还没有细看这份报告。 »an in-depth study 深入研究 ◘ be out of your 'depth 1. (BrE) to be in water that is too deep to stand in with your head above water • 在水深没顶(或够不着底)的地方 2. to be unable to understand sth because it is too difficult; to be in a situation that you cannot control • 非某人所能理解；为某人力所不及: »He felt totally out of his depth in his new job. 他感到根本不能胜任这新工作。 --› more atplumbv.
soul / səul; NAme soul / ◙ noun ›› SPIRIT OF PERSON 人的灵魂 1. [C] the spiritual part of a person, believed to exist after death • 灵魂: »He believed his immortal soul was in peril. 他认为他不死的灵魂有堕入地狱的危险。 »The howling wind sounded like the wailing of lost souls (= the spirits of dead people who are not in heaven). 怒吼的风如同堕入地狱的灵魂在哀声恸哭。 ›› INNER CHARACTER 内在个性 2. [C] a person's inner character, containing their true thoughts and feelings • 心性；内心；心灵: »There was a feeling of restlessness deep in her soul. 她内心深处感到焦躁不安。 ›› SPIRITUAL / MORAL / ARTISTIC QUALITIES 精神/道德/艺术品质 3. [sing.] the spiritual and moral qualities of humans in general • (人类整体的)精神状况,道德品质 【SYN】psyche: »the dark side of the human soul 人类精神世界中阴暗的一面 4. [U, C] strong and good human feeling, especially that gives a work of art its quality or enables sb to recognize and enjoy that quality • 真挚情感；高尚情操；气魄: »It was a very polished performance, but it lacked soul. 这场演出技艺很精湛,但缺少真挚的情感。 5. [sing.] the ~ of sth a perfect example of a good quality • 典范；化身: »He is the soul of discretion. 他是谨慎的典范。 ›› PERSON 人 6. [C] (becoming old-fashioned) a person of a particular type • 某种人: »She's lost all her money, poor soul. 可怜的人,她的钱全没了。 »You're a brave soul. 你真勇敢。 7. [C] (especially in negative sentences 尤用于否定句) a person • 人: »There wasn't a soul in sight (= nobody was in sight). 连个人影都不见。 »Don't tell a soul (= do not tell anyone). 谁也别告诉。 »(literary) a village of 300 souls (= with 300 people living there) 一个 300 人的村子 ›› MUSIC 音乐 8. (also 'soul music) [U] a type of music that expresses strong emotions, made popular by African American musicians • 灵乐,灵歌, 灵魂音乐 (感情强烈,源于非洲裔美国人的音乐): »a soul singer 灵乐歌手
【IDIOMS】
◘ good for the 'soul •(humorous) good for you, even if it seems unpleasant • 其实有好处: »'Want a ride?' 'No thanks. Walking is good for the soul.' "搭车吗？" "不,谢谢。步行有步行的好处。" --› more atbarev.,body,god,heart,life,sellv.
ski / ski: / ◙ noun (pl. skis) 1. one of a pair of long narrow pieces of wood, metal or plastic that you attach to boots so that you can move smoothly over snow • 滑雪板: »a pair of skis 一副滑雪板 2. =waterski n. ◙ adj. [only before noun] • connected with the sport of skiing • 滑雪的: »ski boots 滑雪靴 »the ski slopes 滑雪坡 ◙ verb (ski∙ing, skied, skied) ▪ [V] 1. [usually +adv. / prep.] to move over snow onskis, especially as a sport • 滑雪(运动) 2. go skiing to spend timeskiingfor pleasure • 滑雪(作为娱乐): »We went skiing in France in March. 三月份我们去法国滑雪了。 --› see alsoskiing,waterski v.
skill / skil / ◙ noun 1. [U] ~ (in / at sth) | ~ (in / at doing sth) the ability to do sth well • 技巧；技艺: »The job requires skill and an eye for detail. 这项工作需要技巧和敏锐的眼光。 »What made him remarkable as a photographer was his skill in capturing the moment. 他捕捉瞬间画面的能力使他成为一名不同凡响的摄影师。 2. [C] a particular ability or type of ability • 技术；技能: »We need people with practical skills like carpentry. 我们需要有木工等实用技术的人。 »management skills 管理能力
ac∙com∙pany / əˈkʌmpəni / ◙ verb (ac∙com∙pan∙ies, ac∙com∙pany∙ing, ac∙com∙pan∙ied, ac∙com∙pan∙ied) ▪ [VN] 1. (formal) to travel or go somewhere with sb • 陪同；陪伴: »His wife accompanied him on the trip. 那次旅行他由妻子陪同。 2. to happen or appear with sth else • 伴随；与…同时发生: »strong winds accompanied by heavy rain 狂风夹着暴雨 »Each pack contains a book and accompanying CD. 每包内装书一本,并附光盘一张。 3. ~ sb (at / on sth) to play a musical instrument, especially a piano, while sb else sings or plays the main tune • (尤指用钢琴)为…伴奏: »The singer was accompanied on the piano by her sister. 女歌手由她姐姐钢琴伴奏。
in∙struct∙or / inˈstrʌktə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a person whose job is to teach sb a practical skill or sport • 教练；导师: »a driving instructor 驾驶教练 2. (NAmE) a teacher below the rank ofassistant professorat a college or university • (大学)讲师
down∙hill ◙ adv. • / ˌdaunˈhil / towards the bottom of a hill; in a direction that goes down • 向山下；向下: »to run / walk / cycle downhill 跑/走 / 骑车下山 【OPP】uphill
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌgo down'hill • to get worse in quality, health, etc. • (质量、健康等)每况愈下,走下坡路,恶化 【SYN】deteriorate: »Their marriage went downhill after the first child was born. 自第一个孩子出生后他们的婚姻便开始走下坡路了。 ◙ adj. • / ˌdaunˈhil / going or sloping towards the bottom of a hill • 下山的；下坡的；下斜的: »a downhill path 下山的路 【OPP】uphill ◘ be (all) downhill | ◘ be ˌdownhill all the 'way (informal) 1. to be easy compared to what came before • (与前面的相比较)容易: »It's all downhill from here. We'll soon be finished. 从这以后就容易了。我们很快就会结束。 2. to become worse or less successful • 每况愈下；走下坡路；不断恶化: »It's been all downhill for his career since then, with four defeats in five games. 从那时起他的战绩便江河日下,五场比赛输掉了四场。 »I started work as a journalist and it was downhill all the way for my health. 我开始当记者后,身体每况愈下。 ◙ noun / ˈdaunhil / əu] • the type ofskiingin which you go directly down a mountain; a race in which people ski down a mountain • (滑雪)速降,速降比赛 --› comparecross-country n. (2)
pro∙ced∙ure / prəˈsi:dʒə(r) / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] ~ (for sth) a way of doing sth, especially the usual or correct way • (正常)程序,手续,步骤: »maintenance procedures 维修程序 »emergency / safety / disciplinary procedures 紧急状况/安全事务/纪律问题的处理程序 »to follow normal / standard / accepted procedure 遵循正常的/标准的/惯用的步骤 »Making a complaint is quite a simple procedure. 申诉的手续相当简单。 2. [U] the official or formal order or way of doing sth, especially in business, law or politics • (商业、法律或政治上的)程序: »court / legal / parliamentary procedure 法庭/司法/议会程序 3. [C] (medical 医) a medical operation • 手术: »to perform a routine surgical procedure 做常规的外科手术 ♦ pro∙ced∙ural / prəˈsi:dʒərəl / adj. (formal): »procedural rules 程序性规则
dir∙ect∙ly / dəˈrektli; di-; dai- / ◙ adv. 1. in a direct line or manner • 直接地；迳直地；坦率地: »He drove her directly to her hotel. 他驾车直接把她送到了她下榻的旅馆。 »She looked directly at us. 她正视着我们。 »He's directly responsible to the boss. 他直接对上司负责。 »We have not been directly affected by the cuts. 我们并未直接受到裁减的影响。 【OPP】indirectly 2. exactly in a particular position • 正；正好地；恰好: »directly opposite / below / ahead 正好相反；正下方/前方 »They remain directly opposed to these new plans. 他们仍旧截然反对这些新方案。 3. immediately • 立即；立刻: »She left directly after the show. 演出一结束,她马上就走了。 4. (old-fashioned, BrE) soon • 过一会儿；很快 【SYN】shortly: »Tell them I'll be there directly. 告诉他们我一会儿就到。 ◙ conj. • (BrE) as soon as • 一…就…: »I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。
obey / əˈbei / ◙ verb • to do what you are told or expected to do • 服从；遵守；顺从: ▪ [VN] »to obey a command / an order / rules / the law 服从指挥/命令；遵守规章/法律 »He had always obeyed his parents without question. 他对父母一向绝对服从。 ▪ [V] »'Sit down!' Meekly, she obeyed. "坐下！"她乖乖地顺从了。 【OPP】disobeyout∙stand∙ing / autˈstændiŋ / ◙ adj. 1. extremely good; excellent • 优秀的；杰出的；出色的: »an outstanding player / achievement / success 杰出的运动员/成绩/成就 »an area of outstanding natural beauty 自然风景极美的地区 --› note atexcellent 2. [usually before noun] very obvious or important • 突出的；明显的；重要的 【SYN】prominent: »the outstanding features of the landscape 这一风景的突出特征 3. (of payment, work, problems, etc. 款项、工作、困难等) not yet paid, done, solved, etc. • 未支付的；未完成的；未解决的: »She has outstanding debts of over £500. 她未清偿的债务超过 500 英镑。 »A lot of work is still outstanding. 许多工作尚未完成。
tal∙ent / ˈtælənt / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] ~ (for sth) a natural ability to do sth well • 天才；天资；天赋: »to have great artistic talent 很有艺术天赋 »a man of many talents 多才多艺的男子 »She showed considerable talent for getting what she wanted. 她很有天资,能够心想事成。 »a talent competition / contest / show (= in which people perform, to show how well they can sing, dance, etc.) 新秀选拔赛/大奖赛/演出 2. [U, C] people or a person with a natural ability to do sth well • 有才能的人；人才；天才: »There is a wealth of young talent in British theatre. 英国戏剧界年青一代人才辈出。 »He is a great talent. 他是个了不起的人才。 3. [U] (BrE, slang) people who are sexually attractive • (统称)性感的人: »He likes to spend his time chatting up the local talent. 他喜欢把时间花在和当地的妞儿搭讪上。
al∙lo∙cate / ˈæləkeit / ◙ verb • ~ sth (for sth) | ~ sth (to sb / sth) | ~ (sb / sth) sth to give sth officially to sb / sth for a particular purpose • 拨…(给)；划…(归)；分配…(给): ▪ [VN] »They intend to allocate more places to mature students this year. 今年他们打算给成人学生提供更多的学额。 »A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library. 已划拨了一大笔款子给图书馆购买新书。 ▪ [VN , VNN] »More resources are being allocated to the project. 正在调拨更多的资源给这个项目。 »The project is being allocated more resources. 这个项目正获得更多的资源。
ad∙equate / ˈædikwət / ◙ adj. • ~ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need • 足够的；合格的；合乎需要的: »an adequate supply of hot water 热水供应充足 »The room was small but adequate. 房间虽小但够用。 »The space available is not adequate for our needs. 现有的空间不能满足我们的需要。 »There is a lack of adequate provision for disabled students. 为残疾学生提供的服务不够。 »He didn't give an adequate answer to the question. 他没有对这个问题作出满意的答覆。 »training that is adequate to meet the future needs of industry 足以满足未来工业需要的培训 【OPP】inadequate ♦ ad∙equacy / ˈædikwəsi / noun [U] : »The adequacy of the security arrangements has been questioned. 有人质疑安全措施是否足够。 【OPP】inadequacy ♦ ad∙equate∙ly adv.: »Are you adequately insured? 你保够了险吗？ 【OPP】inadequatelyquit / kwit / ◙ verb (quit∙ting, quit, quit) (, BrE also quit∙ting, quit∙ted, quit∙ted) 1. ~ (as sth) (informal) to leave your job, school, etc. • 离开(工作职位、学校等)；离任；离校: ▪ [V] »If I don't get more money I'll quit. 不给我加薪我就辞职。 »He has decided to quit as manager of the team. 他已决定辞掉球队经理的职务。 ▪ [VN] »He quit the show last year because of bad health. 去年他因身体欠佳而退出了表演。 2. (informal, especially NAmE) to stop doing sth • 停止；戒掉: ▪ [VN -ing] »I've quit smoking. 我戒了烟。 ▪ [VN] »Just quit it! 你就罢手吧！ ▪ [V] »We only just started. We're not going to quit now. 我们才刚刚开始,现在决不放弃。 3. to leave the place where you live • 离开,迁出,搬离(住处): ▪ [VN] »We decided it was time to quit the city. 当时我们决定,该离开城市生活了。 ▪ [V] »The landlord gave them all notice to quit. 房东通知他们都搬出去。 4. [V , VN] to close a computer program or application • 关闭,退出(计算机程序等)
un∙cer∙tain / ʌnˈsə:tn; NAme ʌnˈsə:rtn / ◙ adj. 1. [after noun] ~ (about / of sth) feeling doubt about sth; not sure • 无把握；犹豫；拿不准: »They're both uncertain about what to do. 他们两人都拿不定主意该怎么办。 »I'm still uncertain of my feelings for him. 我仍不能肯定我对他的感情。 【OPP】certain 2. likely to change, especially in a negative or unpleasant way • 多变的；难预料的: »Our future looks uncertain. 我们似乎前途渺茫。 »a man of uncertain temper 脾气令人捉摸不透的男人 3. not definite or decided • 不确定的；未决定的 【SYN】unclear: »It is uncertain what his role in the company will be. 他在公司担当什么职务尚未决定。 4. not confident • 信心不足的；迟疑的 【SYN】hesitant: »The baby took its first uncertain steps. 宝宝迈出了最初的蹒跚的脚步。
【IDIOMS】
◘ in ˌno unˌcertain 'terms • clearly and strongly • 明确有力地；毫不含糊地: »I told him what I thought of him in no uncertain terms. 我直言不讳地说出了我对他的看法。 gold∙en / ˈɡəuldən; NAmE ˈɡouldən / ◙ adj. 1. (especially literary) made of gold • 金质的；金的: »a golden crown 金冕 2. bright yellow in colour like gold • 金色的；金黄色的: »golden hair 金发 »miles of golden beaches 数英里的金色海滩 3. special; wonderful • 特别的；美好的: »golden memories 美好的记忆 »Businesses have a golden opportunity to expand into new markets. 商界有开拓新市场的良机。 »Hollywood's golden boy 好莱坞的金牌男星
【IDIOMS】
--› seekillv.,meann.,silencen.
rush / rʌʃ / ◙ verb ›› MOVE FAST 快速移动 1. to move or to do sth with great speed, often too fast • 迅速移动；急促 ▪ [V , usually +adv. / prep.] »We've got plenty of time; there's no need to rush. 我们的时间很多；用不着太急促。 »the sound of rushing water 湍急的水声 »Don't rush off, I haven't finished. 别急着走哇,我还没说完呢。 »I've been rushing around all day trying to get everything done. 我一整天都四下忙活,想把所有的事都做完。 »People rushed to buy shares in the company. 人们争着抢购公司的股票。 ▪ [VN] »We had to rush our meal. 我们只能匆匆忙忙地吃饭。 ›› TAKE / SEND QUICKLY 迅速带走/送出 2. to transport or send sb / sth somewhere with great speed • 快速运输；速送 ▪ [VN +adv. / prep.] »Ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital. 救护车迅速将伤员送往医院。 »Relief supplies were rushed in. 救援物资很快就运来了。 ▪ [also VNN] ›› DO STH TOO QUICKLY 仓促行事 3. ~ (sb) (into sth / into doing sth) to do sth or to make sb do sth without thinking about it carefully • (使)仓促行事,匆忙行事,做事草率: ▪ [V] »We don't want to rush into having a baby. 我们不急着要孩子。 ▪ [VN] »Don't rush me. I need time to think about it. 别催我。我需要时间考虑一下。 »I'm not going to be rushed into anything. 我不会受人催促草率地做任何事情。 ›› ATTACK 攻击 4. [VN] to try to attack or capture sb / sth suddenly • 突袭；突击抓捕: »A group of prisoners rushed an officer and managed to break out. 一伙囚犯突然袭击狱警,越狱了。 »Fans rushed the stage after the concert. 音乐会结束后乐迷一下子涌向舞台。 ›› IN AMERICAN FOOTBALL 美式足球 5. [VN] (NAmE) to run into sb who has the ball • 突袭,冲向(持球人) 6. [V] (NAmE) to move forward and gain ground by carrying the ball and not passing it • 带(球)奔跑；跑动带(球) ›› IN AMERICAN COLLEGES 美国大学 7. [VN] (NAmE) to give a lot of attention to sb, especially to a student because you want them to join yourfraternityorsorority • (为物色、招募目的)特别关注,非常关心: »He is being rushed by Sigma Nu. * Σ NU 联谊会正在拉拢他。
◘ ˌrush sth∽'out • to produce sth very quickly • 仓促生产；赶制: »The editors rushed out an item on the crash for the late news. 编辑们赶着将坠机事件编入最新新闻报道。 ◘ ˌrush sth∽'through ◘ | ˌrush sth 'through sth • to deal with official business very quickly by making the usual process shorter than usual • 使快速通过；仓促处理: »to rush a bill through Parliament 使议案在议会匆匆通过 ◙ noun ›› FAST MOVEMENT 迅速移动 1. [sing.] a sudden strong movement • 猛烈移动；冲: »Shoppers made a rush for the exits. 购物者冲向出口。 »She was trampled in the rush to get out. 她在大伙儿往外冲的时候被人踩了。 »They listened to the rush of the sea below. 他们听着下面汹涌澎湃的海浪声。 »The door blew open, letting in a rush of cold air. 门被风刮开了,一股冷风吹了进来。 »He had a rush of blood to the head and punched the man. 他一时冲动,挥拳打了那个男人。 ›› HURRY 匆忙 2. [sing., U] a situation in which you are in a hurry and need to do things quickly • 匆忙；仓促: »I can't stop—I'm in a rush. 我不能停下来——我忙着呢。 »What's the rush? 干吗这么急匆匆的？ »'I'll let you have the book back tomorrow.' ' There's no rush.' "我明天就把书还给你。" "不用着急。" »The words came out in a rush. 那些话一股脑儿都出来了。 »a rush job (= six that has been done quickly) 仓促做完的活儿 ›› BUSY SITUATION 忙碌 3. [sing.] a situation in which people are very busy and there is a lot of activity • 忙碌；繁忙: »The evening rush was just starting. 繁忙的夜晚才刚开始。 »the Christmas rush 圣诞节前的忙碌 ›› OF FEELING 感觉 4. [sing.] ~ (of sth) a sudden strong emotion or sign of strong emotion • 迸发的情绪；情绪迸发: »a sudden rush of excitement / fear / anger 突然感到的兴奋/恐惧/愤怒 ys[sing.] • a sudden feeling of extreme pleasure or excitement • 突如其来的极度愉悦(兴奋): »Parachuting will give you the rush of a lifetime. 跳伞给你一生难求的刺激感觉。 »Users of the drug report experiencing a rush that lasts several minutes. 据报用这种药的人有持续几分钟的亢奋感觉。 ›› SUDDEN DEMAND 急需 6. [sing.] ~ (on / for sth) a sudden large demand for goods, etc. • 大量急需；争购: »There's been a rush on umbrellas this week. 本周出现了抢购雨伞的现象。 --› see alsogold rush ›› PLANT 植物 7. [C, usually pl.] a tall plant like grass that grows near water. Its long thinstemscan be dried and used for makingbaskets, the seats of chairs, etc. • 灯芯草(干燥后可用于编制篮子、坐垫等): »rush matting 灯芯草编的蓆子 ›› OF FILM / MOVIE 电影 8. rushes [pl.] (technical 术语) the first prints of a film / movie before they have beenedited • 样片；毛片 ›› IN AMERICAN FOOTBALL 美式足球 ys[C] • an occasion when a player or players run towards a player on the other team who has the ball • (向对方持球队员的)突袭: »There was a rush on the quarterback. 对方球员冲向四分衞。 ys[C] • an occasion when a player runs forward with the ball • 跑动带球: »Johnson carried the ball an average of 6 yards per rush. 约翰逊跑动带球平均每次行进 6 码。 ›› IN AMERICAN COLLEGES 美国大学 11. [sing.] (NAmE) the time when parties are held for students who want to join afraternityorsorority • 学生联谊会纳新活动(时间): »rush week 学生联谊会纳新活动周 »a rush party 学生纳新联谊会 seebumn.
en∙ter∙tain∙ment / ˌentəˈteinmənt; NAmE -tərˈt- / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] films / movies, music, etc. used to entertain people; an example of this • 娱乐片；文娱节目；表演会；娱乐活动: »radio, television and other forms of entertainment 广播、电视和其他形式的娱乐活动 »There will be live entertainment at the party. 联欢会上将有现场表演节目。 »It was typical family entertainment. 这是典型的家庭娱乐活动。 »The entertainment was provided by a folk band. 这个文娱节目由民歌乐队演出。 »Local entertainments are listed in the newspaper. 本地的娱乐活动刊登在报上。 »The show was good entertainment value. 这场演出有很大的娱乐价值。 2. [U] the act of entertaining sb • 招待；款待；娱乐: »a budget for the entertainment of clients 用于招待客户的专项开支
hard∙ship / ˈhɑ:dʃip; NAme ˈhɑ:rd- / ◙ noun [U, C] • a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because you do not have enough money, food, clothes, etc. • 艰难；困苦；拮据: »economic / financial, etc. hardship 经济、财政等困难 »People suffered many hardships during that long winter. 在那个漫长的冬季,人们吃了很多苦头。 »It was no hardship to walk home on such a lovely evening. 在这么一个宜人的傍晚步行回家一点也不辛苦。
ache / eik / ◙ verb 1. [V] to feel a continuous dull pain • 疼痛；隐痛 【SYN】hurt: »I'm aching all over. 我周身疼痛。 »Her eyes ached from lack of sleep. 她的眼睛因睡眠不足而隐隐作痛。 »(figurative) It makes my heart ache (= it makes me sad) to see her suffer. 看到她在受苦,我心里真难过。 --› note athurt 2. ~ for sb / sth (formal) to have a strong desire for sb / sth or to do sth • 渴望 【SYN】long: ▪ [V] »I was aching for home. 我很想回家。 ▪ [V to inf] »He ached to see her. 他渴望见到她。 ◙ noun • (often in compounds 常构成复合词) a continuous feeling of pain in a part of the body • (身体某部位的)疼痛: »Mummy, I've got a tummy ache. 妈妈,我肚子疼。 »Muscular aches and pains can be soothed by a relaxing massage. 做放松按摩可以减轻肌肉疼痛。 »(figurative) an ache in my heart (= a continuous sad feeling) 我心中的隐痛 --› see alsoachy,bellyache,heartachevivid / ˈvivid / ◙ adj. 1. (of memories, a description, etc. 记忆、描述等) producing very clear pictures in your mind • 清晰的；生动的；逼真的 【SYN】graphic: »vivid memories 清晰的记忆 »He gave a vivid account of his life as a fighter pilot. 他生动地描述了他那战斗机飞行员的生活。 2. (of light, colours, etc. 光、颜色等) very bright • 鲜明的；耀眼的；鲜艳的；强烈的: »vivid blue eyes 碧蓝的眼睛 --› note atbright 3. (of sb's imagination 人的想像) able to form pictures of ideas, situations, etc. easily in the mind • 丰富的 ♦ viv∙id∙ly adv.: »I vividly remember the day we first met. 我对我们第一次相见的那天记忆犹新。 ♦ viv∙id∙ness noun [U] : »the vividness of my dream 我的梦境的清晰逼真
pre∙dict / priˈdikt / ◙ verb • to say that sth will happen in the future • 预言；预告；预报 【SYN】forecast: ▪ [VN] »a reliable method of predicting earthquakes 预报地震的可靠方法 »Nobody could predict the outcome. 谁也无法预料结果如何。 ▪ [V wh-] »It is impossible to predict what will happen. 预知未来的事是不可能的。 ▪ [V (that)] »She predicted (that) the election result would be close. 她预言选举结果将很接近。 ▪ [VN that] »It was predicted that inflation would continue to fall. 据预报,通货膨胀率将继续下降。 ▪ [VN to inf] »The trial is predicted to last for months. 预料审讯将持续数月之久。
【HELP】This pattern is only used in the passive. • 此句型仅用于被动语态。
work∙day / ˈwə:kdei; NAme ˈwə:rk- / ◙ noun 1. (NAmE) =working day(1): »an 8-hour workday * 8 小时工作日 2. =working day(2): »workday traffic 平日的交通
ˌpart-'time ◙ adj. • (abbr. PT) for part of the day or week in which people work • 部份时间的；兼职的: »She's looking for a part-time job. 她在寻找兼职工作。 »to study on a part-time basis 部份时间学习 »part-time workers 兼职工作者 »I'm only part-time at the moment. 我现在只是兼职。 ♦ ˌpart-'time adv.: »Liz works part-time from 10 till 2. 利兹的兼职时间是 10 点到 2 点。 --› comparefull-timehandy / ˈhændi / ◙ adj. (hand∙ier, handi∙est) (informal) 1. easy to use or to do • 易使用的；容易做的；便利的 【SYN】useful: »a handy little tool 好用的小工具 »handy hints / tips for removing stains 清除污渍的妙招/窍门儿 2. [not before noun] ~ (for sth / for doing sth) located near to sb / sth; located or stored in a convenient place • 近便的；便利的: »Always keep a first-aid kit handy. 要有常备急救箱。 »Have you got a pen handy? 你手头有钢笔吗？ »(BrE) Our house is very handy for the station. 我们家离车站很近。 3. [usually before noun] skilful in using your hands or tools to make or repair things • 手巧；有手艺: »to be handy around the house 对家里敲打修理的杂事很在行 --› see alsohandily ♦ handi∙ness noun [U]
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌcome in 'handy •(informal) to be useful • 有用处: »The extra money came in very handy. 这笔额外的钱正好派上了用场。 »Don't throw that away—it might come in handy. 别把它扔了——它或许有用。 as∙sist / əˈsist / ◙ verb 1. ~ (sb) (in / with sth) | ~ (sb) (in doing sth) to help sb to do sth • 帮助；协助；援助: ▪ [VN] »We'll do all we can to assist you. 我们要尽量帮助你。 »We will assist you in finding somewhere to live. 我们将帮你找个住的地方。 »The play was directed by Mike Johnson, assisted by Sharon Gale. 该剧由迈克 · 约翰逊导演,沙伦 · 盖尔为助理导演。 »Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries (= are being questioned by the police). 有两个人正配合警方的询问。 ▪ [VN to inf] »a course to assist adults to return to the labour market 成人重返劳工市场的辅导班 ▪ [V] »Anyone willing to assist can contact this number. 凡愿协助者可拨此号码联系。 »We are looking for people who would be willing to assist in the group's work. 我们正寻找愿意协助该团体工作的人。 2. [VN] to help sth to happen more easily • 促进: »activities that will assist the decision-making process 促进决策进程的活动 ◙ noun • an action inhockey,baseball, etc. in which a player helps another player on the same team to score a goal or point • (曲棍球等)助攻；(棒球等)助杀
auto∙mat∙ic / ˌɔ:təˈmætik / ◙ adj. 1. (of a machine, device, etc. 机器、装置等) having controls that work without needing a person to operate them • 自动的: »automatic doors 自动门 »a fully automatic driverless train 全自动无人驾驶火车 »automatic transmission (= in a car, etc.) (汽车等内的)自动变速器 »an automatic rifle (= six that continues to fire as long as thetriggeris pressed) 自动步枪 2. done or happening without thinking • 无意识的；不假思索的 【SYN】instinctive: »Breathing is an automatic function of the body. 呼吸是一种无意识的功能。 »My reaction was automatic. 我的反应是不由自主的。 3. always happening as a result of a particular action or situation • 必然的；当然的: »A fine for this offence is automatic. 这种违法行为当然要罚款。 ♦ auto∙mat∙ic∙al∙ly / -kli / adv.: »The heating switches off automatically. 该供暖系统可自动关闭。 »I turned left automatically without thinking. 我不假思索地向左转弯。 »You will automatically get free dental treatment if you are under 18. * 18 岁以下的人一律免费得到牙科治疗。 ◙ noun 1. a gun that can fire bullets continuously as long as thetriggeris pressed • 自动手枪(或步枪) 2. (BrE) a car with a system of gears that operates without direct action from the driver • 自动变速汽车；自动换挡汽车 --› comparestick shift(2)
in∙stant / ˈinstənt / ◙ adj. 1. [usually before noun] happening immediately • 立即的；立刻的 【SYN】immediate: »She took an instant dislike to me. 她立刻就讨厌我。 »This account gives you instant access to your money. 这个账户让你随时调动款项。 »The show was an instant success. 演出一炮打响。 2. [only before noun] (of food 食物) that can be made quickly and easily, usually by adding hot water • 速食的；即食的；速溶的；方便的: »instant coffee 速溶咖啡 ◙ noun [usually sing.] 1. a very short period of time • 瞬间；片刻 【SYN】moment: »I'll be back in an instant. 我马上就回来。 »Just for an instant I thought he was going to refuse. 刹那间我以为他会拒绝。 2. a particular point in time • 某一时刻: »At that (very) instant, the door opened. 就在那时,门开了。 »I recognized her the instant (that) (= as soon as) I saw her. 我一眼就认出她了。 »Come here this instant (= immediately) ! 马上过来！
max∙imum / ˈmæksiməm / ◙ adj. [only before noun] • (abbr. max) as large, fast, etc. as is possible, or the most that is possible or allowed • 最高的；最多的；最大极限的: »the maximum speed / temperature / volume 最快速度；最高气温；最大体积 »For maximum effect do the exercises every day. 每天锻炼以取得最佳效果。 »a maximum security prison 最高戒备等级的监狱 --› compareminimum adj. ◙ noun [usually sing.] • (pl. max∙ima / ˈmæksimə / ) (abbr. max) the greatest amount, size, speed, etc. that is possible, recorded or allowed • 最大量；最大限度；最高限度: »a maximum of 30 children in a class 每班至多 30 名学生 »The job will require you to use all your skills to the maximum. 这项工作将要求你最大限度地发挥你的技能。 »The July maximum (= the highest temperature recorded in July) was 30°C. 七月的最高气温是 30 摄氏度。 »What is the absolute maximum you can afford to pay? 你最多能出多少钱？ --› compareminimum n.
min∙imum / ˈminiməm / ◙ adj. [usually before noun] • (abbr. min.) the smallest that is possible or allowed; extremely small • 最低的；最小的；最低限度的: »a minimum charge / price 最低收费/价格 »the minimum age for retirement 退休的最低年龄 »The work was done with the minimum amount of effort. 做这项工作没费什么劲。 【OPP】maximum ♦ min∙imum adv.: »You'll need £200 minimum for your holiday expenses. 你需要 200 英镑作为你假日的最低开销。 ◙ noun (pl. min∙ima / -mə / ) əɔ, usually sing.] 1. (abbr. min.) the smallest or lowest amount that is possible, required or recorded • 最小值；最少量；最低限度: »costs should be kept to a minimum. 成本应保持在最低限度。 »The class needs a minimum of one students to continue. 这个班最少需要六名学生才可以继续办下去。 »As an absolute minimum, you should spend ten hours in the evening studying. 你每天晚上应花两个小时学习,这绝对是最低要求。 »Temperatures will fall to a minimum of 10 degrees. 气温会降到最低点 10 度。 2. [sing.] an extremely small amount • 极小量: »He passed the exams with the minimum of effort. 他没费什么劲就通过了考试。 【OPP】maximumma∙ture / məˈtʃuə(r); -ˈtjuə(r); NAme -ˈtʃur; -ˈtur / ◙ adj.
【HELP】Maturer is occasionally used instead of more mature. • 有时不用 more mature,而用 maturer。
›› SENSIBLE 明智 1. (of a child or young person 儿童或年轻人) behaving in a sensible way, like an adult • 明白事理的；成熟的；像成人似的: »Jane is very mature for her age. 简年龄不大,却很成熟。 »a mature and sensible attitude 一副深谙世事的态度 【OPP】immature ›› FULLY GROWN 成熟 2. (of a person, a tree, a bird or an animal 人、树木、鸟或动物) fully grown and developed • 成熟的；发育完全的: »sexually mature 性成熟的 »a mature oak / eagle / elephant 成熟的橡树/鹰 / 象 【OPP】immature --› note atold ›› WINE / CHEESE 葡萄酒；干酪 3. developed over a period of time to produce a strong, rich flavour • 发酵成熟的；酿成的 ›› NO LONGER YOUNG 不再年轻 4. used as a polite or humorous way of saying that sb is no longer young • (礼貌或幽默的说法)成年的,不再年轻的: »clothes for the mature woman 成年妇女的服装 »a man of mature years 中年人 ›› WORK OF ART 艺术作品 5. created late in an artist's life and showing great understanding and skill • 成熟的；技艺精湛的；创作于晚年的 ›› INSURANCE POLICY 保险单 6. (business 商) ready to be paid • 到期(应该支付)的 ♦ ma∙ture∙ly adv.
【IDIOMS】
◘ on mature re'flection / conside'ration •(formal) after thinking about sth carefully and for a long time • 经过深思熟虑；经过审慎考虑◙ verb ›› BECOME FULLY GROWN 成熟 1. [V] to become fully grown or developed • 成熟；长成: »This particular breed of cattle matures early. 这一品种的牛发育成熟快。 »Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade. 这一领域的技术经过过去十年的发展已经相当完善。 ›› BECOME SENSIBLE 变得明智 2. [V] to develop emotionally and start to behave like a sensible adult • (情感和认识)成熟；有判断力: »He has matured a great deal over the past year. 经过过去这一年,他成熟了许多。 ›› DEVELOP SKILL 提高技能 3. [V] ~ (into sth) to fully develop a particular skill or quality • 使(技能或素质)成熟；充分发展: »She has matured into six of the country's finest actresses. 她已经成长为这个国家一位最优秀的演员。 ›› WINE / CHEESE 葡萄酒；干酪 4. [V VN] if wine, cheese, etc. matures or is matured, it develops over a period of time to produce a strong, rich flavour • 酿成；制成；发酵成熟 ›› INSURANCE POLICY 保险单 5. [V] (business 商) to reach the date when it must be paid • 到期(应付款)
mo∙tiv∙ate / ˈməutiveit; NAme ˈmou- / ◙ verb 1. [VN] [often passive] to be the reason why sb does sth or behaves in a particular way • 成为…的动机；是…的原因: »He is motivated entirely by self-interest. 他做事完全出于私利。 2. to make sb want to do sth, especially sth that involves hard work and effort • 推动…甘愿苦干；激励；激发: ▪ [VN] »She's very good at motivating her students. 她非常擅长激励她的学生。 ▪ [VN to inf] »The plan is designed to motivate employees to work more efficiently. 这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地工作。 3. [VN] (SAfrE, formal) to give reasons for sth that you have stated • (就所说的话)给出理由；说明…的原因: »Please motivate your answer to question 5. 请解释你对第 5 题所作的回答。 ♦ mo∙tiv∙ated adj.: »a racially motivated attack 种族问题引发的攻击 »a highly motivated student (= one who is very interested and works hard) 学习积极性很高的学生 ♦ mo∙tiv∙ation / ˌməutiˈveiʃn; NAme ˌmou- / noun [C, U] : »What is the motivation behind this sudden change? 这种突然转变背后的动机是什么？ »Most people said that pay was their main motivation for working. 大多数人说赚取报酬是他们工作的主要动机。 »He's intelligent enough but he lacks motivation. 他很聪明,但缺乏积极性。 »(SAfrE) All research proposals must be accompanied by a full motivation. 所有研究计划书均须详述研究动机。 ♦ mo∙tiv∙ation∙al / -ʃənl / adj. (formal): »an important motivational factor 重要的促进因素 ♦ mo∙tiv∙ator / ˈməutiveitə(r); NAme ˈmou- / noun: »Desire for status can be a powerful motivator. 追逐地位的欲望可以成为强大的动力。