m6u3
greet / ɡri:t /
◙ verb [VN]
1. ~ sb (with sth) to say hello to sb or to welcome them
• 和(某人)打招呼(或问好)；欢迎；迎接:
 »He greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived.
  客人到达时他都热情接待。
 »She greeted us with a smile.
  她微笑着向我们打招呼。
--› see also meet-and-greet
2. [usually passive] ~ sb / sth (with / as sth) to react to sb / sth in a particular way
• (以某种方式)对…作出反应:
 »The changes were greeted with suspicion.
  这些变革受到人们的怀疑。
 »The team's win was greeted as a major triumph.
  这个队获胜被看成是一个重大的胜利。
 »Loud cheers greeted the news.
  这消息受到热烈欢呼。
3. [usually passive] (of sights, sounds or smells 景象、声音或气味) to be the first thing that you see, hear or smell at a particular time
• 映入…的眼帘；传入…的耳中(或鼻中):
 »When she opened the door she was greeted by a scene of utter confusion.
  她开开门,一片混乱不堪的景象呈现在她的眼前。
hug / hʌɡ /
◙ verb (-gg-)
1. to put your arms around sb and hold them tightly, especially to show that you like or love them
• 拥抱；搂抱
【SYN】 embrace :
▪ [VN]
 »They hugged each other.
  他们相互拥抱。
 »She hugged him tightly.
  她紧紧地搂住他。
▪ [V]
 »They put their arms around each other and hugged.
  他们伸出双臂彼此拥抱。
2. [VN] to put your arms around sth and hold it close to your body
• 抱紧:
 »She sat in the chair, hugging her knees.
  她双臂抱膝坐在椅子上。
 »He hugged the hot-water bottle to his chest.
  他把热水袋紧捂在胸口。
3. [VN] (of a path, vehicle, etc. 小路、车辆等) to keep close to sth for a distance
• 有一段距离地挨着(某物):
 »The track hugs the coast for a mile.
  那条小径有一英里紧靠海岸。
4. [VN] to fit tightly around sth, especially a person's body
• 缠紧,缚紧(某物,尤指人体):
 »figure-hugging jeans
  紧身牛仔裤
◙ noun
• an act of putting your arms around sb and holding them tightly, especially to show that you like or love them
• 拥抱；搂抱:
 »She gave her mother a big hug.
  她热烈地拥抱了她的母亲。
 »He stopped to receive hugs and kisses from the fans.
  他停下来接受追随者的拥抱亲吻。
--› see also bear hug
◙ adj.
• of or connected with Arabia or Arabs
• 阿拉伯的；阿拉伯人的:
 »Arab countries
  阿拉伯诸国
wed∙ding / ˈwediŋ /
◙ noun
• a marriage ceremony, and the meal or party that usually follows it
• 婚礼；结婚庆典:
 »a wedding present
  结婚礼物
 »a wedding ceremony / reception
  结婚典礼；婚宴
 »Have you been invited to their wedding?
  他们有没有邀请你参加婚礼？
 »She looked beautiful on her wedding day.
  她在自己的婚礼上看来很漂亮。
 »All her friends could hear wedding bells (= they thought she would soon get married).
  所有的朋友彷佛已听到了她婚礼的钟声。
--› see also diamond wedding , golden wedding , shotgun wedding , silver wedding , white wedding
roost∙er / ˈru:stə(r) /
◙ noun
(especially NAmE) = cock n. (1)
en∙sure (also in∙sure especially in NAmE) / inˈʃuə(r); -ˈʃɔ:(r); NAmE inˈʃur /
◙ verb
• to make sure that sth happens or is definite
• 保证；担保；确保:
▪ [VN]
 »The book ensured his success.
  这本书保证了他的成功。
▪ [V (that)]
 »Please ensure (that) all lights are switched off.
  请务必将所有灯都关掉。
▪ [also VNN]
con∙gratu∙late / kənˈɡrætʃuleit /
◙ verb [VN]
1. ~ sb (on sth) to tell sb that you are pleased about their success or achievements
• 向(某人)道贺；祝贺:
 »I congratulated them all on their results.
  我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺。
 »The authors are to be congratulated on producing such a clear and authoritative work.
  向创作出这样一部具有权威性又清晰易懂的作品的作者们祝贺。
2. ~ yourself (on sth) to feel pleased and proud because you have achieved sth or been successful at sth
• (为成就或成功)感到高兴,感到自豪:
 »You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.
  你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。
re∙cep∙tion / riˈsepʃn /
◙ noun
1. [U] (especially BrE) the area inside the entrance of a hotel, an office building, etc. where guests or visitors go first when they arrive
• 接待处；接待区:
 »the reception area
  接待区
 »We arranged to meet in reception at 6.30.
  我们约定 6:30 在接待处会面。
 »You can leave a message with reception.
  你可以在接待处留个口信。 (NAmE, BrE)
 »the reception desk
  服务枱
--› compare front desk
2. [C] a formal social occasion to welcome sb or celebrate sth
• 接待仪式；欢迎会；招待会:
 »a wedding reception
  结婚喜筵
3. [sing.] the type of welcome that is given to sb / sth
• 欢迎；接受:
 »Her latest album has met with a mixed reception from fans.
  她的最新唱片在歌迷之间反响不一。
 »Delegates gave him a warm reception as he called for more spending on education.
  由于他呼吁增加教育经费,代表们向他报以热烈的欢迎。
4. [U] the quality of radio and television signals that are broadcast
• (无线电和电视信号的)接收效果:
 »good / bad reception
  良好的/差的接收效果
 »There was very poor reception on my phone.
  我的电话接收效果很差。
5. [U] the act of receiving or welcoming sb
• 接纳；接待；迎接:
 »the reception of refugees from the war zone
  接纳交战地区来的难民
bride∙groom / ˈbraidɡru:m / (also groom)
◙ noun
• a man on his wedding day, or just before or just after it
• 新郎；即将(或刚刚)结婚的男子
bride / braid /
◙ noun
• a woman on her wedding day, or just before or just after it
• 新娘；即将(或刚刚)结婚的女子:
 »a toast to the bride and groom
  向新娘新郎祝酒
 »He introduced his new bride.
  他介绍了他的新娘。
per∙mit
◙ verb / pəˈmit; NAme pərˈm- / (-tt-) (formal)
1. to allow sb to do sth or to allow sth to happen
• 允许；准许:
▪ [VN]
 »Radios are not permitted in the library.
  图书馆内不许使用收音机。
 »There are fines for exceeding permitted levels of noise pollution.
  噪音超标会处以罚款。
▪ [VNN]
 »We were not permitted any contact with each other.
  我们不许彼此有任何接触。
 »Jim permitted himself a wry smile.
  吉姆勉强苦笑了一下。
▪ [VN to inf]
 »Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.
  参观者请勿拍照。
 »She would not permit herself to look at them.
  她避免看他们。
 »(formal) Permit me to offer you some advice.
  请允许我向你提些建议。
▪ [also V -ing]
2. to make sth possible
• 允许；使有可能:
▪ [V]
 »We hope to visit the cathedral, if time permits.
  如果时间允许,我们希望能参观一下主教座堂。
 »I'll come tomorrow, weather permitting (= if the weather is fine).
  天气许可的话,我明天过来。
▪ [VN]
 »The password permits access to all files on the hard disk.
  这个密码可调出硬盘上的所有文档。
▪ [VN to inf]
 »Cash machines permit you to withdraw money at any time.
  取款机可让你随时取款。
▪ [also V -ing]
◙ noun
• / ˈpə:mit; NAme ˈpə:rmit / an official document that gives sb the right to do sth, especially for a limited period of time
• 许可证,特许证(尤指限期的):
 »a fishing / residence / parking, etc. permit
  钓鱼、居住、停车等许可证
 »to apply for a permit
  申请许可证
 »to issue a permit
  签发许可证
--› see also work permit
pro∙hibit / prəˈhibit; NAmE also prouˈh- /
◙ verb ~ sth | ~ sb from doing sth (formal)
1. [often passive] to stop sth from being done or used especially by law
• (尤指以法令)禁止
【SYN】 forbid :
▪ [VN]
 »a law prohibiting the sale of alcohol
  禁止售酒的法令
 »Soviet citizens were prohibited from travelling abroad.
  苏联时代的公民被禁止出国旅游。
▪ [also V -ing , VN -ing]
2. to make sth impossible to do
• 阻止；使不可能
【SYN】 prevent :
 »The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport.
  昂贵的装备令许多人对这项运动望而却步。
through∙out / θru:ˈaut /
◙ prep.
1. in or into every part of sth
• 各处；遍及:
 »They export their products to markets throughout the world.
  他们把产品出口到世界各地的市场。
2. during the whole period of time of sth
• 自始至终；贯穿整个时期:
 »The museum is open daily throughout the year.
  这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。
♦ through∙out adv.:
 »The house was painted white throughout.
  这所房子全都粉刷成了白色。
 »The ceremony lasted ten hours and we had to stand throughout.
  仪式进行了两个小时,我们自始至终都得站着。
of∙fence (BrE) (NAmE of∙fense) / əˈfens /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (against sb / sth) an illegal act
  违法行为；犯罪；罪行
【SYN】 crime :
 »a criminal / serious / minor / sexual, etc. offence
  刑事罪、重罪、轻罪、性犯罪等
 »a first offence (= the first time that sb has been found guilty of a crime)
  初犯
 »a capital offence (= one for which sb may be punished by death)
  死罪
 »He was not aware that he had committed an offence.
  他没有意识到自己犯罪了。
 »an offence against society / humanity / the state
  妨害社会/人类/国家的罪行
 »New legislation makes it an offence to carry guns.
  新法律规定持枪为犯罪行为。
2. [U] the act of upsetting or insulting sb
• 冒犯；搅扰；侮辱:
 »I'm sure he meant no offence when he said that.
  我相信他那么说并无冒犯的意思。
 »The photo may cause offence to some people.
  这张照片可能会引起一些人的反感。
 »No one will take offence (= feel upset or insulted) if you leave early.
  你若早退谁也不会介意的。
 »Don't be so quick to take offence.
  别动不动就生气。
【IDIOMS】
◘ no of'fence
• (informal) used to say that you do not mean to upset or insult sb by sth you say or do
• 无冒犯之意:
 »No offence, but I'd really like to be on my own.
  我无意冒犯,但我确实想自己一个人。
thumb / θʌm /
◙ noun
1. the short thick finger at the side of the hand, slightly apart from the other four
• 拇指:
 »She still sucks her thumb when she's worried.
  她在忧虑时仍然会吸吮大拇指。
--› see also green thumb
2. the part of a glove that covers the thumb
• (手套的)拇指部份:
 »There's a hole in the thumb.
  手套的拇指上有个窟窿。
【IDIOMS】
◘ be all (ˌfingers and) 'thumbs
• to be awkward with your hands so that you drop things or are unable to do sth
• 笨手笨脚；笨拙；手指不灵活
◘ hold 'thumbs
(SAfrE)
• to hope that your plans will be successful or that sth will take place in the way that you want it to
• 希望(计划)成功；期望如愿以偿:
 »Let's hold thumbs that you get the job.
  我们期望你如愿得到这份工作啊。
◘ thumbs 'up / 'down
• used to show that sth has been accepted / rejected or that it is / is not a success
• 翘拇指(表示接受或成功)；拇指向下(表示拒绝或不成功):
 »Their proposals were given the thumbs down.
  他们的建议遭到拒绝。
 »It looks like it's thumbs up for their latest album.
  看样子他们的最新歌曲专集成功了。
【ORIGIN】In contests in ancient Rome the public put their thumbs up if they wanted a gladiator to live, and down if they wanted him to be killed.
• 在古罗马的角斗中,公众若希望角斗士活就竖起拇指朝上,若希望他被杀死就伸出拇指朝下。

◘ under sb's 'thumb
(of a person 人)
• completely controlled by sb
• 完全受人支配；受制于人
--› more at rule n., sore adj., twiddle v.
◙ verb
1. to make a signal with your thumb to passing drivers to ask them to stop and take you somewhere
• 翘起拇指请求搭乘(过路汽车)；示意请求搭便车
▪ [V +adv. / prep.]
 »He had thumbed all across Europe.
  他搭乘便车游遍了欧洲。
▪ [VN]
 »We managed to thumb a lift / ride with a truck driver.
  我们设法使得过路的卡车司机允许我们搭便车。
2. [VN , often +adv. / prep.] to touch or move sth with your thumb
• 用拇指摸；用拇指捋:
 »She thumbed off the safety catch of her pistol.
  她用拇指打开了手枪的保险栓。
--› see also well thumbed
◘ thumb your 'nose at sb / sth
• to make a rude sign with your thumb on your nose; to show that you have no respect for sb / sth
• 嗤之以鼻；蔑视:
 »The company just thumbs its nose at the legislation on pollution.
  这家公司完全不把污染立法放在眼里。
【PHR V】
◘ 'thumb through sth
• to turn the pages of a book quickly in order to get a general idea of what is in it
• 快速翻阅
ad∙just / əˈdʒʌst /
◙ verb
1. [VN] ~ sth (to sth) to change sth slightly to make it more suitable for a new set of conditions or to make it work better
• 调整；调节:
 »Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.
  当心急转弯并相应调整车速。
 »This button is for adjusting the volume.
  这个按钮是调节音量的。
 »Adjust your language to the age of your audience.
  要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。
2. ~ (to sth / to doing sth) | ~ (yourself to sth) to get used to a new situation by changing the way you behave and / or think
• 适应；习惯
【SYN】 adapt :
▪ [V]
 »It took her a while to adjust to living alone.
  她过了一段时间才适应独自生活。
 »After a while his eyes adjusted to the dark.
  过了一会儿他的眼睛习惯了黑暗。
▪ [VN]
 »You'll quickly adjust yourself to student life.
  你将很快适应学生生活。
3. [VN] to move sth slightly so that it looks neater or feels more comfortable
• 整理:
 »He smoothed his hair and adjusted his tie.
  他捋平头发,整了整领带。
--› see also well adjusted
ac∙cus∙tomed / əˈkʌstəmd /
◙ adj.
1. ~ to sth / to doing sth familiar with sth and accepting it as normal or usual
• 习惯于
【SYN】 used to :
 »to become / get accustomed to sth
  习惯于某事物
 »My eyes slowly grew accustomed to the dark.
  我的眼睛慢慢适应了黑暗。
 »She was a person accustomed to having three hours' sleep a night.
  她是那种习惯每晚睡八个小时的人。
2. [usually before noun] (formal) usual
• 通常的；惯常的
【SYN】 habitual :
 »He took his accustomed seat by the fire.
  他在炉火边惯常坐的座位上坐了下来。
【OPP】 unaccustomed
Brit / brit /
◙ noun
• (informal)a person from Britain
• 英国人
--› note at British
alike / əˈlaik /
◙ adj. [not before noun]
• very similar
• 相像；十分相似:
 »My sister and I do not look alike.
  我和我妹妹外貌不相像。
--› compare unlike
◙ adv.
1. in a very similar way
• 十分相像地；很相似地:
 »They tried to treat all their children alike.
  他们尽量对自己的孩子一视同仁。
2. used after you have referred to two people or groups, to mean 'both' or 'equally'
• 两者都；同样地:
 »Good management benefits employers and employees alike.
  良好的管理对雇主和雇员同样有利。
【IDIOMS】
--› see great adj., share v.
bon∙fire / ˈbɔnfaiə(r); NAmE ˈbɑ:n- /
◙ noun
• a large outdoor fire for burning waste or as part of a celebration
• (在室外为焚烧垃圾或为庆祝而燃起的)大火堆,篝火
fa∙mil∙iar / fəˈmiliə(r) /
◙ adj.
1. ~ (to sb) well known to you; often seen or heard and therefore easy to recognize
• 熟悉的；常见到的；常听说的:
 »to look / sound / taste familiar
  看/听 / 尝起来熟悉
 »He's a familiar figure in the neighbourhood.
  他在这个地区是大家熟悉的人物。
 »The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery.
  住在麪包店附近的人都很熟悉这种气味。
 »Something about her voice was vaguely familiar.
  她的声音有点耳熟。
 »Violent attacks are becoming all too familiar (= sadly familiar).
  暴力攻击变成了司空见惯的现象。
【OPP】 unfamiliar
2. ~ with sth knowing sth very well
• 通晓；熟悉:
 »an area with which I had been familiar since childhood
  我自幼就了若指掌的一个地区
 »Are you familiar with the computer software they use?
  你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？
【OPP】 unfamiliar
3. ~ (with sb) (of a person's behaviour 人的行为) very informal, sometimes in a way that is unpleasant
• 随便的:
 »You seem to be on very familiar terms with your tutor.
  你似乎和你的导师之间很随便。
 »After a few drinks her boss started getting too familiar for her liking.
  老板几杯酒下肚以后就开始令她觉得过分亲昵。
cele∙bra∙tion / ˌseliˈbreiʃn /
◙ noun
1. [C] a special event that people organize in order to celebrate sth
• 庆典；庆祝活动:
 »birthday / wedding celebrations
  过生日；结婚庆典
2. [U, C] the act of celebrating sth
• 庆祝；颂扬:
 »Her triumph was a cause for celebration.
  她的胜利是庆祝的理由。
 »a party in celebration of their fiftieth wedding anniversary
  庆祝他们金婚纪念的聚会
 »The service was a celebration of his life (= praised what he had done in his life).
  举行的宗教礼仪颂扬了他的一生。
fire∙work / ˈfaiəwə:k; NAmE ˈfaiərwə:rk /
◙ noun
1. [C] a small device containing powder that burns or explodes and produces bright coloured lights and loud noises, used especially at celebrations
• 烟火；烟花:
 »(BrE) to let off a few fireworks
  放几个烟火
 »(NAmE) to set off a few fireworks
  放几个烟火
 »a firework(s) display
  放烟火
2. fireworks [pl.] a display of fireworks
• 烟火表演；烟花表演；放烟火:
 »When do the fireworks start?
  什么时候开始放烟火？
3. fireworks [pl.] (informal) strong or angry words; exciting actions
• 激烈的言辞；愤怒的话语；令人激动的行动:
 »There'll be fireworks when he finds out!
  他要是发觉了就会大发雷霆！
'hot dog (BrE also ˌhot 'dog)
◙ noun
1. a hot sausage served in a long bread roll
• 热狗(香肠麪包)
2. (NAmE) a person who performs clever or dangerous tricks while skiing , snowboarding or surfing
• (滑雪、滑雪板运动或冲浪的)动作灵巧表演者,高难动作表演者:
 »He's a real hot dog.
  他是个十足的惊险动作运动员。
mus∙tard / ˈmʌstəd; NAme -tərd /
◙ noun [U]
1. a thick cold yellow or brown sauce that tastes hot and spicy and is usually eaten with meat
• 芥末酱:
 »a jar of mustard
  一罐芥末酱
 »mustard powder
  芥末粉
 »French / English mustard
  法国/英国芥末
2. a small plant with yellow flowers, grown for its seeds that are crushed to make mustard
• 芥；芥菜
3. a brownish-yellow colour
• 芥末黄；褐黄色
♦ mus∙tard adj.:
 »a mustard sweater
  芥末黄毛线衣
【IDIOMS】
◘ (not) cut the 'mustard
• to (not) be as good as expected or required
• (不)如所期待的那么好；(不)符合要求:
 »I didn't cut the mustard as a hockey player.
  我不是一个合格的曲棍球手。
--› more at keen adj.
bar∙be∙cue / ˈbɑ:bikju:; NAmE ˈbɑ:rb- /
◙ noun (abbr. BBQ) (also informal bar∙bie BrE, AustralE)
1. a metal frame for cooking food on over an open fire outdoors
• (烧烤野餐用的)烤架:
 »I put another steak on the barbecue.
  我在烤架上又放了一块肉排。
 »a barbecue sausage (= cooked in this way)
  烤香肠
2. an outdoor meal or party when food is cooked in this way
• 烧烤野餐:
 »Let's have a barbecue!
  我们来一次户外烤肉餐吧！
--› compare cookout
◙ verb [V VN]
• to cook food on a barbecue
• 烧烤野餐
--› compare broil
ex∙pect∙ation / ˌekspekˈteiʃn /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] ~ (of sth) | ~ (that...) a belief that sth will happen because it is likely
• 预料；预期；期待:
 »We are confident in our expectation of a full recovery.
  我们满怀信心地期待着完全康复。
 »There was a general expectation that he would win.
  普遍认为他会获胜。
 »I applied for the post more in hope than expectation.
  我申请这个职位是希望多于期待。
 »The expectation is that property prices will rise.
  预计地产价格会上涨。
 »Contrary to expectations, interest rates did not rise.
  出乎意料的是利率并未上升。
 »Against all expectations, she was enjoying herself.
  完全没想到她过得非常快活。
2. [C, usually pl., U] a hope that sth good will happen
• 希望；盼望:
 »She went to college with great expectations.
  她满怀希望地进入大学。
 »There was an air of expectation and great curiosity.
  有着一种期待和神秘的气氛。
 »The results exceeded our expectations.
  结果比我们希望的还好。
 »The numbers attending fell short of expectations.
  出席的人数比预期的要少。
 »The event did not live up to expectations.
  这项比赛有负众望。
3. [C, usually pl.] a strong belief about the way sth should happen or how sb should behave
• 期望；指望:
 »Some parents have unrealistic expectations of their children.
  有的父母对孩子的指望不切实际。
 »Unfortunately the new software has failed to meet expectations.
  遗憾的是新软件并不理想。
em∙peror / ˈempərə(r) /
◙ noun
• the ruler of an empire
• 皇帝:
 »the Roman emperors
  古罗马皇帝
 »the Emperor Napoleon
  拿破仑皇帝
--› see also empress
taboo / təˈbu: /
◙ noun (pl. ta∙boos) ~ (against / on sth)
1. a cultural or religious custom that does not allow people to do, use or talk about a particular thing as people find it offensive or embarrassing
• (文化或宗教习俗方面的)禁忌,忌讳,戒律:
 »an incest taboo
  乱伦禁忌
 »a taboo on working on a Sunday
  禁止星期日工作的习俗
 »to break / violate a taboo
  触犯禁忌
 »Death is six of the great taboos in our culture.
  在我们的文化中,"死亡"是一大忌。
2. a general agreement not to do sth or talk about sth
• 禁止；避讳:
 »The subject is still a taboo in our family.
  这个话题在我们家里仍然讳莫如深。
♦ taboo adj.:
 »in the days when sex was a taboo subject
  在谈性色变的时代
re∙li∙gion / riˈlidʒən /
◙ noun
1. [U] the belief in the existence of a god or gods, and the activities that are connected with the worship of them
• 宗教；宗教信仰:
 »Is there always a conflict between science and religion?
  科学和宗教信仰之间是否永远存在着冲突？
2. [C] one of the systems of faith that are based on the belief in the existence of a particular god or gods
• 宗教；教派:
 »the Jewish religion
  犹太教
 »Christianity, Islam and other world religions
  基督教、伊斯兰教和世界上其他各大宗教
 »The law states that everyone has the right to practise their own religion.
  法律规定每个人都有信仰宗教的权利。
3. [sing.] a particular interest or influence that is very important in your life
• 特别的兴趣；重大的影响:
 »For him, football is an absolute religion.
  对于他来说,足球就是他至高无上的追求。
【IDIOMS】
◘ get re'ligion
•(informal, disapproving) to suddenly become interested in religion
• 突然有了信仰；突然对宗教感兴趣
ges∙ture / ˈdʒestʃə(r) /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] a movement that you make with your hands, your head or your face to show a particular meaning
• 手势；姿势；示意动作:
 »He made a rude gesture at the driver of the other car.
  他向另外那辆汽车的司机做了个粗野的手势。
 »She finished what she had to say with a gesture of despair.
  她用绝望的姿势结束了她不得不讲的话。
 »They communicated entirely by gesture.
  他们完全用手势交流。
2. [C] something that you do or say to show a particular feeling or intention
• (表明感情或意图的)姿态,表示:
 »They sent some flowers as a gesture of sympathy to the parents of the child.
  他们送了一些花表示对孩子父母的同情。
 »It was a nice gesture (= it was kind) to invite his wife too.
  把他的妻子也请来是友好的表示。
 »We do not accept responsibility but we will refund the money as a gesture of goodwill.
  我们不承担责任,不过我们愿意退款以表示我们的善意。
 »The government has made a gesture towards public opinion (= has tried to do sth that the public will like).
  政府已做出顺应民意的姿态。
--› note at action
◙ verb
• ~ (for / to sb) (to do sth) to move your hands, head, face, etc. as a way of expressing what you mean or want
• 做手势；用手势表示；用动作示意
▪ [V , usually +adv. / prep.]
 »'I see you read a lot,' he said, gesturing at the wall of books.
  "看来你读了很多书。"他指着那一墙的书说道。
 »She gestured for them to come in.
  她示意让他们进来。
▪ [V that]
 »He gestured (to me) that it was time to go.
  他示意(我)该走了。
 »They gestured that I should follow.
  他们示意让我跟在后面。
▪ [also VN]
greet∙ing / ˈɡri:tiŋ /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] something that you say or do to greet sb
• 问候；招呼；迎接；致意:
 »She waved a friendly greeting.
  她友好地挥手致意。
 »They exchanged greetings and sat down to lunch.
  他们相互致意后便坐下吃午饭。
 »He raised his hand in greeting.
  他举手致意。
2. greetings [pl.] a message of good wishes for sb's health, happiness, etc.
• 问候的话；祝辞；贺辞:
 »Christmas / birthday, etc. greetings
  圣诞、生日等祝辞
 »My mother sends her greetings to you all.
  我母亲向你们大家问好。
【IDIOMS】
--› see season n.
slight / slait /
◙ adj. (slight∙er, slight∙est)
1. very small in degree
• 轻微的；略微的:
 »a slight increase / change / delay / difference
  略微的增长/变化/拖延/差异
 »I woke up with a slight headache.
  我醒来时有点头痛。
 »The damage was slight.
  损失很小。
 »She takes offence at the slightest thing (= is very easily offended).
  她动辄生气。
 »There was not the slightest hint of trouble.
  当时看不出丝毫会出现麻烦的迹象。
2. small and thin in size
• 细小的；纤细的；瘦小的:
 »a slight woman
  瘦小的女子
3. (formal) not deserving serious attention
• 无须重视的；不足道的:
 »This is a very slight novel.
  这是一部颇不足道的小说。
【IDIOMS】
◘ not in the 'slightest
• not at all
• 一点也不；毫不；根本没有:
 »He didn't seem to mind in the slightest.
  他好像一点都不在乎。
◙ noun
• ~ (on sb / sth) an act or a remark that criticizes sth or offends sb
• 侮慢；冷落；轻视
【SYN】 insult :
 »Nick took her comment as a slight on his abilities as a manager.
  尼克觉得,她的话是藐视他当经理的能力。
◙ verb [VN]
• [usually passive] to treat sb rudely or without respect
• 侮慢；冷落；轻视
【SYN】 insult :
 »She felt slighted because she hadn't been invited.
  她没有受到邀请,觉得受了冷落。
♦ slight∙ing adj. [only before noun] :
 »slighting remarks
  不敬的话语
'business card (also card)
◙ noun
• a small card printed with sb's name and details of their job and company
• (业务)名片
--› compare visiting card
mi∙nor∙ity / maiˈnɔrəti; NAme -ˈnɔ:r-; -ˈnɑ:r- /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [sing. + sing. / pl. v.] the smaller part of a group; less than half of the people or things in a large group
• 少数；少数派；少数人:
 »Only a small minority of students is / are interested in politics these days.
  目前,只有极少数同学对政治感兴趣。
 »minority shareholders in the bank
  银行的少数股东
【OPP】 majority
2. [C] a small group within a community or country that is different because of race, religion, language, etc.
• 少数派；少数民族；少数群体:
 »the rights of ethnic / racial minorities
  少数民族/族裔的权利
 »minority languages
  少数民族语言
 »a large German-speaking minority in the east of the country
  在国家东部一个人口众多的讲德语的少数民族
 »(NAmE) The school is 95 per cent minority (= 95 per cent of children are not white Americans but from different groups).
  这所学校里 95% 的学生来自少数族裔。
 »(NAmE) minority neighborhoods (= where no or few white people live)
  有色种族聚居区
3. [U] (law 律) the state of being under the age at which you are legally an adult
• 未成年
【IDIOMS】
◘ be in a / the mi'nority
• to form much less than half of a large group
• 占少数；成为少数派
◘ be in a minority of 'one
•(often humorous) to be the only person to have a particular opinion or to vote a particular way
• 是唯一持不同意见者；是唯一投此票者
Inuit / ˈinjuit; ˈinuit /
◙ noun [pl.]
• (sing. Inuk / ˈinuk / ) a race of people from northern ɔanada and parts of Greenland and ælaska. ðhe name is sometimes also wrongly used to refer to people from Siberia and S and θ ælaska.
• 因纽特人(加拿大北部以及格陵兰和阿拉斯加部份地区的一个种族的人,有时误指西伯利亚及阿拉斯加南部和西部的人)
--› compare Eskimo
sled / sled /
◙ noun , verb (-dd-) (especially NAmE) = sledge
♦ sled∙ding / ˈslediŋ / noun [U]
seal / si:l /
◙ verb [VN]
›› CLOSE ENVELOPE 封上信封
1. ~ sth (up / down) to close an envelope, etc. by sticking the edges of the opening together
• 封上(信封):
 »Make sure you've signed the cheque before sealing the envelope.
  一定要在支票上签了名再封信封。
 »a sealed bid (= one that is kept in a sealed envelope and therefore remains secret until all other bids have been received)
  密封(投)标
›› CLOSE CONTAINER 密封容器
2. [often passive] ~ sth (up) (with sth) to close a container tightly or fill a crack, etc., especially so that air, liquid, etc. cannot get in or out
• 密封(容器):
 »The organs are kept in sealed plastic bags.
  这些器官保存在密封塑料袋里。
›› COVER SURFACE 覆盖表面
3. [often passive] ~ sth (with sth) to cover the surface of sth with a substance in order to protect it
• 封盖…的表面:
 »The floors had been stripped and sealed with varnish.
  地板上东西挪空,涂上了清漆。
›› MAKE STH DEFINITE 确定
4. to make sth definite, so that it cannot be changed or argued about
• 确定；明确定下来；使成定局:
 »to seal a contract
  订立合同
 »They drank a glass of wine to seal their new friendship.
  他们干了一杯,交成朋友。
 »The discovery of new evidence sealed his fate (= nothing could prevent what was going to happen to him).
  新发现的证据决定了他的命运。
›› CLOSE BORDERS / EXITS 关闭边界/出口
5. (of the police, army, etc. 警察、军队等) to prevent people from passing through a place
• 关闭；封闭；封锁:
 »Troops have sealed the borders between the countries.
  军队已关闭了两国边界。
【IDIOMS】

—more at lip , sign v.
【PHR V】
◘ ˌseal sth∽'in
• to prevent sth that is contained in sth else from escaping
• 把…封闭在里边
◘ 'seal sth in sth
• to put sth in an envelope, container, etc. and seal it
• 把…封闭在…里:
 »The body was sealed in a lead coffin.
  尸体安放在密闭的铅棺中。
◘ ˌseal sth∽'off (of the police, army 警察、军队)
• to prevent people from entering a particular area
• 封锁；封闭
◙ noun
›› OFFICIAL MARK 印章
1. [C] an official design or mark, stamped on a document to show that it is genuine and carries the authority of a particular person or organization
• 印章；图章；玺；印记:
 »The letter bore the president's seal.
  信上盖有总统的印章。
›› MAKING STH DEFINITE 确认
2. [sing.] a thing that makes sth definite
• 表示确认的事物；保证；信物:
 »The project has been given the government's seal of approval (= official approval).
  项目已由政府正式批准。
 »I looked upon the gift as a seal on our friendship.
  我把你的礼物看作我们之间友谊的见证。
›› ON CONTAINERS 容器
3. [C] a substance, strip of material, etc. used to fill a crack so that air, liquid, etc. cannot get in or out
• 密封垫(或带等):
 »a jar with a rubber seal in the lid
  盖子上有密封垫的广口瓶
 »Only drink bottled water and check the seal isn't broken.
  只喝瓶装水,并且要看封口开了没有。
›› ON LETTERS / BOXES 信件；盒子
4. [C] a piece of wax (= a soft substance produced by bees ), soft metal or paper that is placed across the opening of sth such as a letter or box and which has to be broken before the letter or box can be opened
• 封蜡；封铅；封条；火漆:
 »He broke the wax seal and unrolled the paper.
  他揭去封蜡,把纸卷展开。
5. a piece of metal, a ring, etc. with a design on it, used for stamping a wax or metal seal
• 封蜡模(印)；封铅模(印)
›› SEA ANIMAL 海洋动物
6. [C] a sea animal that eats fish and lives around coasts. There are many types of seal, some of which are hunted for their fur.
• 海豹:
 »a colony of seals
  一群海豹
 »grey seals basking on the rocks
  在岩石上晒太阳的灰海豹
◘ set the 'seal on sth
•(formal) to make sth definite or complete
• 使某事万无一失；使某事圆满:
 »Her election to the premiership set the seal on a remarkable political career.
  当选总理使她的政治生涯灿烂辉煌。
◘ under 'seal
•(formal) (of a document 文件) in a sealed envelope that cannot be opened before a particular time
• 密封；加盖印信
deer / diə(r); NAmE dir /
◙ noun (pl. deer)
• an animal with long legs, that eats grass, leaves, etc. and can run fast. Most male deer have antlers (= horns shaped like branches). There are many types of deer.
• 鹿:
 »a herd of deer
  一群鹿
 »a deer park
  鹿苑
--› see also doe , fallow deer , fawn , red deer , reindeer , roe deer , stag
Arc∙tic / ˈɑ:ktik; NAmE ˈɑ:rk- /
◙ adj.
1. [only before noun] related to or happening in the regions around the North Pole
• 北极的；北极地区的:
 »Arctic explorers
  北极探险者
--› compare Antarctic
2. arctic extremely cold
• 极冷的；严寒的:
 »TV pictures showed the arctic conditions.
  电视画面显示了严寒的环境。
◙ noun [sing.]
• the Arctic the regions of the world around the North Pole
• 北极；北极地区
feast / fi:st /
◙ noun (formal)
1. a large or special meal, especially for a lot of people and to celebrate sth
• 盛宴；宴会:
 »a wedding feast
  婚筵
2. a day or period of time when there is a religious festival
• (宗教的)节日,节期:
 »the feast of Christmas
  圣诞佳节
 »a feast day
  一个宗教节日
3. [usually sing.] a thing or an event that brings great pleasure
• 使人欢快的事物(或活动):
 »a feast of colours
  五彩缤纷
 »The evening was a real feast for music lovers.
  这个晚会真是让音乐爱好者大饱耳福。
◙ verb [V]
• ~ (on sth) to eat a large amount of food, with great enjoyment
• 尽情享用(美味佳肴)
【IDIOMS】
◘ feast your 'eyes (on sb / sth)
• to look at sb / sth and get great pleasure
• 尽情欣赏；大饱眼福；赏心悦目
ac∙count / əˈkaunt /
◙ noun
›› AT BANK 银行
1. (abbr. a/c) an arrangement that sb has with a bank, etc. to keep money there, take some out, etc.
• 账户:
 »I don't have a bank account.
  我没有银行账户。
 »to have an account at / with a bank
  在银行有账户
 »to open / close an account
  开立/结清账户
 »What's your account number please?
  请问你的账户号码？
 »I paid the cheque into my savings account.
  我把支票存入我的储蓄账户。
 »a joint account (= one in the name of more than one person)
  联合账户
--› see also budget account , checking account , current account , deposit account
›› BUSINESS RECORDS 商业记录
2. [usually pl.] a written record of money that is owed to a business and of money that has been paid by it
• 账目:
 »to do the accounts
  记账
 »the accounts department
  会计部门
--› see also expense account , profit and loss account
›› WITH SHOP / STORE 商店
3. (BrE also 'credit account) (NAmE also 'charge account) an arrangement with a shop / store or business to pay bills for goods or services at a later time, for example in regular amounts every month
• 赊销账；赊欠账；赊购:
 »Put it on my account please.
  请记在我的赊购账上。
 »We have accounts with most of our suppliers.
  我们与大多数供应商都是实行赊购制。
--› note at bill
›› REGULAR CUSTOMER 老主顾
4. (business 商) a regular customer
• 老主顾:
 »The agency has lost several of its most important accounts.
  这家代理机构失去了几家最重要的老客户。
›› COMPUTING 计算机技术
5. an arrangement that sb has with a company that allows them to use the Internet, send and receive messages by email, etc.
• (互联网、电子邮件等的)账户,账号:
 »an Internet / email account
  互联网/电子邮件账户
›› DESCRIPTION 描述
6. a written or spoken description of sth that has happened
• 描述；敍述；报告:
 »She gave the police a full account of the incident.
  她向警方详尽地敍述了所发生的事情。
--› note at report
7. an explanation or a description of an idea, a theory or a process
• (思想、理论、过程的)解释,说明,敍述:
 »the Biblical account of the creation of the world
  《圣经》对创世的解释
【IDIOMS】
◘ by / from all accounts
• according to what other people say
• 据说；根据报道:
 »I've never been there, but it's a lovely place, by all accounts.
  我从未去过那里,但据说是个美丽的地方。
◘ by your own account
• according to what you say yourself
• 根据某人自己所说:
 »By his own account he had an unhappy childhood.
  据他自己说,他有一个不幸的童年。
◘ give a good / poor ac'count of yourself
(BrE)
• to do sth or perform well or badly, especially in a contest
• (尤指比赛中)表现好/不好,干得出色/差劲:
 »The team gave a good account of themselves in the match.
  这个队在比赛中表现出色。
◘ of no / little ac'count
•(formal) not important
• 不重要；无足轻重
◘ on account
• if you buy sth or pay on account, you pay nothing or only a small amount immediately and the rest later
• 挂账；(先付小部份款额的)赊账
◘ on sb's account
• because of what you think sb wants
• 为了某人的缘故:
 »Please don't change your plans on my account.
  请别因为我而改变你的计划。
◘ on account of sb / sth
• because of sb / sth
• 由于；因为:
 »She retired early on account of ill health.
  她体弱多病,所以提前退休。
◘ on no account | ◘ not on any account
(used to emphasize sth 用于强调)
• not for any reason
• 决不；绝对不:
 »On no account should the house be left unlocked.
  离开住宅时千万要锁门。
◘ on your own ac'count
1. for yourself
• 为自己:
 »In 1992 Smith set up in business on his own account.
  * 1992 年史密斯自己开始经商。
2. because you want to and you have decided, not sb else
• 自愿地:
 »No one sent me, I am here on my own account.
  没有人派我,我自己来的。
◘ on this / that account
•(formal) because of the particular thing that has been mentioned
• 由于这个/那个缘故:
 »Weather conditions were poor, but he did not delay his departure on that account.
  天气不好,但他并没有因此延期启程。
◘ put / turn sth to good ac'count
•(formal) to use sth in a good or helpful way
• 善用；利用
◘ take account of sth | ◘ take sth into account
• to consider particular facts, circumstances, etc. when making a decision about sth
• 考虑到；顾及:
 »The company takes account of environmental issues wherever possible.
  只要有可能,这家公司总是尽量考虑到环境问题。
 »Coursework is taken into account as well as exam results.
  除考试结果外,课程作业也要计入成绩。
 »The defendant asked for a number of other offences to be taken into account.
  被告要求考虑其他一些罪行。
--› more at blow n., call v., settle v.
◙ verb [usually passive]
• (formal) to have the opinion that sb / sth is a particular thing
• 认为是；视为:
▪ [VN-ADJ]
 »In English law a person is accounted innocent until they are proved guilty.
  按英国法津,一个人未经证实有罪之前被视为无罪。
▪ [VN-N]
 »The event was accounted a success.
  人们认为这次活动是成功的。
◘ there's no accounting for 'taste
• (saying) used to say how difficult it is to understand why sb likes sb / sth that you do not like at all
• 人的爱憎好恶是无法解释的；人各有所好:
 »She thinks he's wonderful—oh well, there's no accounting for taste.
  她认为他了不起——嗯,算了,人各有所好嘛。
【PHR V】
◘ ac'count for sth
1. to be the explanation or cause of sth
• 是…的说明(或原因)
【SYN】 explain :
 »The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
  天气不好可能是人来得少的原因。
 »Oh well, that accounts for it (= I understand now why it happened).
  哎呀,原来是这么一回事。
2. to give an explanation of sth
• 解释；说明
【SYN】 explain :
 »How do you account for the show's success?
  你认为这次演出为何成功？
3. to be a particular amount or part of sth
• (数量上、比例上)占:
 »The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the company's revenue.
  日本市场占该公司收入的 35%。
◘ ac'count for sb / sth
1. to know where sb / sth is or what has happened to them, especially after an accident
• (尤指在事故之后)了解,查明:
 »All passengers have now been accounted for.
  现在所有乘客的情况均已查明。
2. (informal) to defeat or destroy sb / sth
• 打败；破坏；摧毁；消灭:
 »Our anti-aircraft guns accounted for five enemy bombers.
  我们的高射炮击落了五架敌人的轰炸机。
◘ ac'count for sth (to sb)
• to give a record of how the money in your care has been spent
• 报账；出示经手款项的单据:
 »We have to account for every penny we spend on business trips.
  我们出公差所用的每一分钱都得报清楚。
mask / mɑ:sk; NAme mæsk /
◙ noun
1. a covering for part or all of the face, worn to hide or protect it
• 面具；面罩:
 »a gas / surgical mask
  防毒面具；医用口罩
 »The robbers were wearing stocking masks.
  强盗戴着长筒袜面罩。
--› see also oxygen mask
2. something that covers your face and has another face painted on it
• 假面具:
 »The kids were all wearing animal masks.
  孩子们都戴着动物面具。
--› see also death mask
3. a thick cream made of various substances that you put on your face and neck in order to improve the quality of your skin
• 护肤膜；面膜:
 »a face mask
  面膜
4. [usually sing.] a manner or an expression that hides your true character or feelings
• 伪装；掩饰:
 »He longed to throw off the mask of respectability.
  他渴望丢掉那副道貌岸然的伪装。
 »Her face was a cold blank mask.
  她装出一副冷冰冰毫无表情的样子。
◙ verb [VN]
• to hide a feeling, smell, fact, etc. so that it cannot be easily seen or noticed
• 掩饰；掩藏
【SYN】 disguise , veil :
 »She masked her anger with a smile.
  她用微笑来掩饰她的愤怒。
--› note at hide
carve / kɑ:v; NAmE kɑ:rv /
◙ verb
1. to make objects, patterns, etc. by cutting away material from wood or stone
• 雕刻:
▪ [VN]
 »a carved doorway
  雕花的门道
 »The statue was carved out of a single piece of stone.
  这座雕像是用整块石料雕成的。
 »The wood had been carved into the shape of a flower.
  木头雕成了花朵状。
▪ [V]
 »She carves in both stone and wood.
  她既做石雕也做木雕。
2. [VN] to write sth on a surface by cutting into it
• 刻:
 »They carved their initials on the desk.
  他们把自己姓名的首字母刻在书桌上。
3. to cut a large piece of cooked meat into smaller pieces for eating
• 把(熟肉)切成块:
▪ [VN]
 »Who's going to carve the turkey?
  谁来把火鸡切成小块？
▪ [also V , VNN]
4. [VN] [no passive] ~ sth (out) (for yourself) to work hard in order to have a successful career, reputation, etc.
• 艰苦创业；奋斗取得(事业、名声等):
 »She has carved a place for herself in the fashion world.
  她已在时装界谋得一席之地。
 »He succeeded in carving out a career in the media.
  他已在传媒界闯出了一片天地。
【IDIOMS】
◘ carved in 'stone
(of a decision, plan, etc. 决定、计划等)
• unable to be changed
• 不能改变的；铁定；铁板钉钉:
 »People should remember that our proposals aren't carved in stone.
  人们应记住我们的建议并非板上钉钉。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌcarve sth∽'up (disapproving)
• to divide a company, an area of land, etc. into smaller parts in order to share it between people
• 瓜分
claw / klɔ: /
◙ noun
1. one of the sharp curved nails on the end of an animal's or a bird's foot
• (动物或禽类的)爪,脚爪
2. a long, sharp curved part of the body of some types of shellfish , used for catching and holding things
• (水生有壳动物的)螯,钳:
 »the claws of a crab
  螃蟹的螯
3. part of a tool or machine, like a claw, used for holding, pulling or lifting things
• 爪形夹具；(机械的)爪:
 »a claw hammer (= used for pulling out nails)
  拔钉锤
【IDIOMS】
◘ get your claws into sb
1. (disapproving) if a woman gets her claws into a man, she tries hard to make him marry her or to have a relationship with her
• (女子)死死缠住(男人)
2. to criticize sb severely
• 严厉批评:
 »Wait until the media gets its claws into her.
  等着媒体来严厉批驳她吧。
--› more at red adj.
◙ verb
• ~ (at) sb / sth to scratch or tear sb / sth with claws or with your nails
• (用爪子或手指甲)抓,撕,挠:
▪ [V]
 »The cat was clawing at the leg of the chair.
  那只猫在抓挠椅子腿。
▪ [VN]
 »She had clawed Stephen across the face.
  她抓过斯蒂芬的脸。
 »(figurative) His hands clawed the air.
  他的双手在空中乱抓。
◘ claw your way back, into sth, out of sth, to sth, etc.
• to gradually achieve sth or move somewhere by using a lot of determination and effort
• 努力逐步获得；艰难地移动:
 »She clawed her way to the top of her profession.
  她拚死拚活地爬到了她职业的顶峰。
 »Slowly, he clawed his way out from under the collapsed building.
  他艰难地从倒塌的大楼废墟底下慢慢爬了出来。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌclaw sth∽'back
1. to get sth back that you have lost, usually by using a lot of effort
• 设法捞回；费力地挽回
2. (of a government 政府) to get back money that has been paid to people, usually by taxing them
• (常通过税收手段)收回(已支付给民众的钱款)
--› related noun clawback
wolf / wulf /
◙ noun (pl. wolves / wulvz / )
• a large wild animal of the dog family, that lives and hunts in groups
• 狼:
 »a pack of wolves
  一群狼
【IDIOMS】
◘ keep the 'wolf from the door
•(informal) to have enough money to avoid going hungry; to stop sb feeling hungry
• 勉强度日；餬口
◘ throw sb to the 'wolves
• to leave sb to be roughly treated or criticized without trying to help or defend them
• 弃…于险境而不顾；见死不救
◘ a wolf in sheep's 'clothing
• a person who seems to be friendly or harmless but is really an enemy
• 披着羊皮的狼
--› more at cry v., lone
◙ verb [VN]
• ~ sth (down) (informal) to eat food very quickly, especially by putting a lot of it in your mouth at once
• 大口地快吃；狼吞虎咽
【SYN】 gobble
abo∙ri∙gine / ˌæbəˈridʒəni /
◙ noun
1. a member of a race of people who were the original people living in a country
• 原住居民；土着；土人
2. Aborigine a member of the race of people who were the original people of Australia
• 澳大利亚土着
--› see also Koori
gov∙ern / ˈɡʌvn; NAmE ˈɡʌvərn /
◙ verb
1. to legally control a country or its people and be responsible for introducing new laws, organizing public services, etc.
• 统治；控制；管理；治理:
▪ [VN]
 »The country is governed by elected representatives of the people.
  这个国家由民选代表统治。
▪ [V]
 »He accused the opposition party of being unfit to govern.
  他指责反对党无力治理国事。
2. [VN] [often passive] to control or influence sb / sth or how sth happens, functions, etc.
• 控制；影响；支配:
 »Prices are governed by market demand.
  价格的高低取决于市场的需求。
 »All his decisions have been entirely governed by self-interest.
  他的所有决定都受利己之心的支配。
 »We need changes in the law governing school attendance.
  我们需要对影响就学率的法规做些改动。
3. [VN] (grammar 语法) if a word governs another word or phrase, it affects how that word or phrase is formed or used
• 支配(词或短语的形式或用法)
mu∙sic∙al / ˈmju:zikl /
◙ adj.
1. [only before noun] connected with music; containing music
• 音乐的；有音乐的:
 »the musical director of the show
  这场演出的音乐指导
 »musical talent / ability / skill
  音乐天赋/才能/技巧
 »musical styles / tastes
  音乐风格/品味
 »a musical production / entertainment
  音乐作品/娱乐项目
2. (of a person 人) with a natural skill or interest in music
• 有音乐天赋的；喜爱音乐的:
 »She's very musical.
  她极具音乐天赋。
【OPP】 unmusical
3. (of a sound 声音) pleasant to listen to, like music
• 悦耳的；音乐般的:
 »a musical voice
  悦耳的声音
【OPP】 unmusical
◙ noun
• (also old-fashioned ˌmusical 'comedy) a play or a film / movie in which part or all of the story is told using songs and often dancing
• 音乐剧
ˌmusical 'instrument (also in∙stru∙ment)
◙ noun
• an object used for producing musical sounds, for example a piano or a drum
• 乐器:
 »Most pupils learn (to play) a musical instrument.
  多数小学生都学习演奏乐器。
 »the instruments of the orchestra
  管弦乐队的乐器
◙ verb [V]
• if a plan boomerangs on sb, it hurts them instead of the person it was intended to hurt
• 害人反害己；自食其果
【SYN】 backfire
mys∙teri∙ous / miˈstiəriəs; NAme -ˈstir- /
◙ adj.
1. difficult to understand or explain; strange
• 神秘的；奇怪的；不易解释的:
 »He died in mysterious circumstances.
  他的死因是个谜。
 »A mysterious illness is affecting all the animals.
  一种奇怪的疾病正在侵袭所有的动物。
2. (especially of people 尤指人) strange and interesting because you do not know much about them
• 神秘的；陌生的
【SYN】 enigmatic :
 »A mysterious young woman is living next door.
  一位神秘的年轻女子住在隔壁。
3. (of people 人) not saying much about sth, especially when other people want to know more
• 诡秘的；故弄玄虚的:
 »He was being very mysterious about where he was going.
  他十分诡秘,闭口不谈他要去的地方。
♦ mys∙teri∙ous∙ly adv.:
 »My watch had mysteriously disappeared.
  我的手表不知怎么就不见了。
 »Mysteriously, the streets were deserted.
  不知怎的,街上空无一人。
 »She was silent, smiling mysteriously.
  她沉默不语,神秘地笑着。
♦ mys∙teri∙ous∙ness noun [U]
Maori / ˈmauri /
◙ noun
1. [C] a member of a race of people who were the original people living in New Zealand
• (新西兰)毛利人
2. [U] the language of the Maori people
• 毛利语
♦ Maori adj.
steam / sti:m /
◙ noun [U]
1. the hot gas that water changes into when it boils
• 水蒸气；蒸汽:
 »Steam rose from the boiling kettle.
  壶里的水开了,冒着蒸汽。
2. the power that is produced from steam under pressure, used to operate engines, machines, etc.
• 蒸汽动力:
 »the introduction of steam in the 18th century
  * 18 世纪蒸汽动力的采用
 »steam power
  蒸汽动力
 »the steam age
  蒸汽时代
 »a steam train / engine
  蒸汽火车/机
3. very small drops of water that form in the air or on cold surfaces when warm air suddenly cools
• 水汽
【SYN】 condensation :
 »She wiped the steam from her glasses.
  她擦去眼镜上的水汽。
【IDIOMS】
◘ full speed / steam a'head
• with as much speed or energy as possible
• 全速前进；全力
◘ ˌget up / ˌpick up 'steam
1. (informal) to become gradually more powerful, active, etc.
• 声势逐渐强大；渐成气候；慢慢活跃起来:
 »His election campaign is beginning to get up steam.
  他的竞选活动逐渐形成声势。
2. (of a vehicle 车辆) to increase speed gradually
• 逐渐提速
◘ ˌlet off 'steam
•(informal) to get rid of your energy, anger or strong emotions by doing sth active or noisy
• 释放精力；发泄怒气；宣泄感情
◘ ˌrun out of 'steam
•(informal) to lose energy and enthusiasm and stop doing sth, or do it less well
• 筋疲力尽；丧失热情
◘ get, etc. somewhere under your own 'steam
•(informal) to go somewhere without help from other people
• 靠自己的力量去某处
◙ verb
1. [V] to send out steam
• 蒸发；散发蒸汽；冒水汽:
 »a mug of steaming hot coffee
  一大杯热气腾腾的咖啡
2. to place food over boiling water so that it cooks in the steam; to be cooked in this way
• 蒸(食物):
▪ [VN]
 »steamed fish
  蒸鱼
▪ [also V]
3. [V +adv. / prep.] (of a boat, ship, etc. 船舶等) to move using the power produced by steam
• 依靠蒸汽动力行驶:
 »The boat steamed across the lake.
  汽船从湖上驶过。
4. [V +adv. / prep.] (especially of a person 尤指人) to go somewhere very quickly
• 快速行走；疾行:
 »He spotted her steaming down the corridor towards him.
  他看见她沿着走廊向他疾步走来。
 »(figurative) The company is steaming ahead with its investment programme.
  公司正抓紧实施自己的投资方案。
◘ be / get (all) steamed 'up (about / over sth)
(BrE) (NAmE be 'steamed (about sth)) (informal)
• to be / become very angry or excited about sth
• (变得)非常气愤,非常激动
【PHR V】
◘ ˌsteam sth∽'off ◘ | ˌsteam sth 'off sth
• to remove one piece of paper from another using steam to make the glue that is holding them together softer
• 用蒸汽使(纸张等)脱离(或分开)
◘ ˌsteam sth∽'open
• to open an envelope using steam to make the glue softer
• 用蒸汽脱胶开启(信封)
◘ ˌsteam 'up ◘ | ˌsteam sth∽'up
• to become, or to make sth become, covered with steam
• (使)蒙上水汽:
 »As he walked in, his glasses steamed up.
  他进去的时候,眼镜上起了一层雾。
stove / stəuv; NAme stouv /
◙ noun
1. a piece of equipment that can burn various fuels and is used for heating rooms
• (用于取暖的)炉子,火炉:
 »a gas / wood-burning stove
  烧煤气/木柴的火炉
2. (especially NAmE) = cooker :
 »She put a pan of water on the stove.
  她在灶上放了一锅水。 (NAmE, BrE)
 »Most people don't want to spend hours slaving over a hot stove (= cooking).
  人们大都不愿意老围着灶台转。
--› see also stave , stove , stove v.
In∙dian / ˈindiən /
◙ noun
1. a person from India
• 印度人
2. (old-fashioned, offensive) = Native American
3. (CanE) a Native Canadian who is not Inuit or Metis
• (非因纽特人或混血儿的)加拿大土着；加拿大印第安人
♦ In∙dian adj.
【IDIOMS】
--› see chief n., file n.
tribe / traib /
◙ noun
1. (sometimes offensive) (in developing countries) a group of people of the same race, and with the same customs, language, religion, etc., living in a particular area and often led by a chief
• 部落:
 »tribes living in remote areas of the Amazonian rainforest
  居住在亚马孙河雨林偏远地区的部落
2. (usually disapproving) a group or class of people, especially of six profession
• (尤指同一职业的)一伙(人),一帮(人),一类(人):
 »He had a sudden outburst against the whole tribe of actors.
  他突然对所有的演员非常反感。
3. (biology 生) a group of related animals or plants
• (动物或植物的)群,族:
 »a tribe of cats
  猫族
4. (informal or humorous) a large number of people
• 大群；大帮；大批:
 »One or ten of the grandchildren will be there, but not the whole tribe.
  一两个孙子孙女会去那里,但并不是所有的人。
plain / plein /
◙ adj. (plain∙er, plain∙est)
1. easy to see or understand
• 清楚的；明显的；浅白的
【SYN】 clear :
 »He made it plain that we should leave.
  他明确表示要我们离开。
 »She made her annoyance plain.
  她满脸不耐烦。
 »The facts were plain to see.
  事实显而易见。
 »It was a rip-off, plain and simple.
  这是一个不折不扣的冒牌货。
--› note at clear
2. not trying to trick anyone; honest and direct
• 坦诚的；直率的；直接的:
 »The plain fact is that nobody really knows.
  事实很明显,没有人真正了解。
 »a politician with a reputation for plain speaking
  说话直率出了名的一个政治人物
3. not decorated or complicated; simple
• 不尚修饰的；朴素的；简单的:
 »a plain but elegant dress
  朴素淡雅的连衣裙
 »plain food
  清淡的食物
 »The interior of the church was plain and simple.
  教堂内部朴素无华。
 »plain yogurt (= without sugar or fruit)
  纯酸奶
--› compare fancy adj. (1), (2)
4. without marks or a pattern on it
• 素的；无花纹的；单色的:
 »covers in plain or printed cotton
  单色或印花的罩布
 »Write on plain paper (= without lines).
  用无格白纸书写。
5. [only before noun] used to emphasize that sth is very ordinary, not special in any way
• 极普通的；平庸的；平凡的
【SYN】 everyday :
 »You don't need any special skills for this job, just plain common sense.
  这项工作不需要任何特殊技能,只要有普通常识就够了。
6. (especially of a woman 尤指女人) not beautiful or attractive
• 相貌平平的；无姿色的
7. describing a simple stitch used in knitting
• (编织)平针的,平纹的
♦ plain∙ness noun [U]
【IDIOMS】
◘ be plain 'sailing
(US also be clear 'sailing)
• to be simple and free from trouble
• 顺利；一帆风顺
◘ in plain 'English
• simply and clearly expressed, without using technical language
• 用简易的言语(或文字)
◘ (as) plain as a 'pikestaff | ◘ (as) plain as 'day | ◘ (as) plain as the nose on your 'face
• very obvious
• 一清二楚；一目了然；显而易见
◙ noun
• (also plains [pl.]) a large area of flat land
• 平原:
 »the flat coastal plain of Thassos
  萨索斯岛平坦的滨海平原
 »the Great Plains
  北美洲大平原
◙ adv.
(informal)
• used to emphasize how bad, stupid, etc. sth is
• (用于强调)简直,绝对地:
 »plain stupid / wrong
  简直愚蠢至极；绝对错误
'peace pipe
◙ noun
• a tobacco pipe offered and smoked as a symbol of peace by Native Americans
• 和平烟斗(美洲土着作为和平象征请人抽的)
bow¹ / bau /
--› see also bow ²
◙ verb
1. [V] ~ (down) (to / before sb / sth) to move your head or the top half of your body forwards and downwards as a sign of respect or to say hello or goodbye
• 鞠躬；点头:
 »He bowed low to the assembled crowd.
  他向集结的人群深深地鞠了一躬。
 »The people all bowed down before the Emperor.
  全体给皇帝鞠躬。
2. [VN] to move your head forwards and downwards
• 低头；垂首:
 »She bowed her head in shame.
  她羞愧地低下了头。
 »They stood in silence with their heads bowed.
  他们默默地垂头而立。
3. to bend or make sth bend
• (使)弯曲:
▪ [V]
 »The pines bowed in the wind.
  松树被风吹弯了。
▪ [VN]
 »Their backs were bowed under the weight of their packs.
  沉重的背包压弯了他们的脊背。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌbow and 'scrape
•(disapproving) to be too polite to an important person in order to gain their approval
• 卑躬屈膝；点头哈腰
【PHR V】
◘ ˌbow 'down to sb / sth (disapproving)
• to allow sb to tell you what to do
• 屈从于人；听任摆布
◘ ˌbow 'out (of sth)
• to stop taking part in an activity, especially six in which you have been successful in the past
• 退出,告别(尤指一度成功的事业):
 »She has finally decided it's time to bow out of international tennis.
  她最终认定是退出世界网坛的时候了。
◘ 'bow to sth
• to agree unwillingly to do sth because other people want you to
• 勉强同意做(某事)；屈从于:
 »They finally bowed to pressure from the public.
  他们终于在公众的压力下让步了。
 »She bowed to the inevitable (= accepted a situation in which she had no choice) and resigned.
  她迫于无奈,只得辞职。
◙ noun
1. the act of bending your head or the upper part of your body forward in order to say hello or goodbye to sb or to show respect
• 鞠躬；弯腰行礼
2. (also bows [pl.]) the front part of a boat or ship
• 船头；艏
--› compare stern n.
◘ take a / your 'bow
(of a performer 演员)
• to bow to the audience as they are applauding you
• 谢幕；鞠躬答谢
--› more at shot n.
◙ bow² / bəu; NAmE bou / noun
--› see also bow ¹
1. a weapon used for shooting arrows, consisting of a long curved piece of wood with a tight string joining its ends
• 弓:
 »He was armed with a bow and arrow.
  他佩带着弓箭。
2. a knot with two loops and ten loose ends which is used for decoration on clothes, in hair, etc. or for tying shoes
• 蝴蝶结:
 »to tie your shoelaces in a bow
  把鞋带打成蝴蝶结
 »Her hair was tied back in a neat bow.
  她的头发扎在脑后打了个整齐的蝴蝶结。
3. a long thin piece of wood with thin string stretched along it, used for playing musical instruments such as the violin
• 琴弓
【IDIOMS】
--› see string n.
◙ bow² / bəu; NAmE bou / verb
--› see also bow ¹
• [V, VN] to use a bow to play a musical instrument that has strings
• 用琴弓拉奏弦乐器
bowl / bəul; NAmE boul /
◙ noun
›› CONTAINER 容器
1. [C] (especially in compounds 尤用于构成复合词) a deep round dish with a wide open top, used especially for holding food or liquid
• 碗；鉢；盆:
 »a salad / fruit / sugar, etc. bowl
  色拉碗、水果盆、糖鉢等
 »a washing-up bowl
  洗碗碟盆
›› AMOUNT 量
2. [C] (also bowl∙ful / -ful / ) the amount contained in a bowl
• 一碗,一鉢,一盆(的量):
 »a bowl of soup
  一碗汤
›› SHAPE 形状
3. [C] the part of some objects that is shaped like a bowl
• 物体的碗状部份:
 »the bowl of a spoon
  勺子头
 »a toilet / lavatory bowl
  马桶
›› THEATRE 剧场
4. [C] (especially NAmE) (in names 构成名称) a large round theatre without a roof, used for concerts, etc. outdoors
• 露天圆形剧场:
 »the Hollywood Bowl
  好莱坞露天剧场
›› BALL 球
5. [C] a heavy wooden ball that is used in the games of bowls and bowling
• (草地滚球戏和保龄球戏中用的)木球
›› GAME 游戏
6. bowls [U] (NAmE also 'lawn bowling) a game played on an area of very smooth grass, in which players take turns to roll bowls as near as possible to a small ball
• 草地滚球游戏
›› FOOTBALL GAME 橄榄球比赛
7. [C] (NAmE) (in names 构成名称) a game of American football played after the main season between the best teams
• (美式足球主要赛季后强队之间的)季后赛:
 »the Super Bowl
  超级杯季后赛
◙ verb
›› ROLL BALL 滚球
1. [V VN] to roll a ball in the games of bowls and
• (草地滚球戏或保龄球戏中)滚球,投球 bowling
›› IN CRICKET 板球
2. [V VN] to throw a ball to the batsman (= the person who hits the ball)
• 把(球)投给击球员
--› note at throw
3. [VN] ~ sb (out) to make the batsman have to leave the field by throwing a ball that hits the wicket
• 击中三柱门把(击球员)杀出局
›› MOVE QUICKLY 迅速移动
4. [V +adv. / prep.] (BrE) to move quickly in a particular direction, especially in a vehicle
• (向某处)迅速移动；(尤指)快速行驶:
 »Soon we were bowling along the country roads.
  我们不久便在乡村的公路上疾驰了。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌbowl sb 'over
1. to run into sb and knock them down
• 把某人撞倒
2. to surprise or impress sb a lot
• 使某人惊叹；让某人印象深刻
arrow / ˈærəu; NAmE ˈærou /
◙ noun
1. a thin stick with a sharp point at one end, which is shot from a bow
• 箭:
 »a bow and arrow
  弓箭
 »to fire / shoot an arrow
  射箭
 »The road continues as straight as an arrow.
  公路笔直延伸。
2. a mark or sign like an arrow (), used to show direction or position
• 箭号；箭头:
 »Follow the arrows.
  顺着箭头指示方向走。
 »Use the arrow keys to move the cursor.
  用键盘上的箭头键移动光标。
re∙tell / ˌri:ˈtel /
◙ verb
(re∙told, re∙told / -ˈtəuld; NAme -ˈtould / )
• əʒŋ] to tell a story again, often in a different way
• (通常以不同的方式)复述,重新讲述
roast / rəust; NAme roust /
◙ verb
1. to cook food, especially meat, without liquid in an oven or over a fire; to be cooked in this way
• 烘,烤,焙(肉等):
▪ [VN]
 »to roast a chicken
  烤一只鸡
▪ [V]
 »the smell of roasting meat
  烤肉的香味
2. [VN] to cook nuts, beans , etc. in order to dry them and turn them brown
• 烘烤,焙,炒(坚果、豆子等):
 »roasted chestnuts
  炒栗子
3. [VN] (informal or humorous) to be very angry with sb; to criticize sb strongly
• (对某人)非常生气,严厉批评
4. (informal) to become or to make sth become very hot in the sun or by a fire
• 曝晒；烘烤:
▪ [V]
 »She could feel her skin beginning to roast.
  她能感觉到皮肤开始晒得发烫了。
▪ [also VN]
◙ noun
1. (BrE also joint) a large piece of meat that is cooked whole in the oven
• 烤肉:
 »the Sunday roast
  星期日的烤肉
2. (NAmE) (often in compounds 常构成复合词) a party that takes place in sb's garden / yard at which food is cooked over an open fire
• 户外烧烤野餐:
 »a hot dog roast
  热狗烧烤野餐
3. (NAmE) an event, especially a meal, at which people celebrate sb's life by telling funny stories about them
• 耍笑庆祝会(常为宴会,讲述主角的滑稽事)
◙ adj. [only before noun]
• cooked in an oven or over a fire
• 烤的；焙的:
 »roast chicken
  烧鸡