m7u1evo∙lu∙tion / ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃn; ˌev- / ◙ noun [U] 1. (biology 生) the gradual development of plants, animals, etc. over many years as they adapt to changes in their environment • 进化: »the evolution of the human species 人类的进化 »Darwin's theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论 2. the gradual development of sth • 演变；发展；渐进: »In politics Britain has preferred evolution to revolution (= gradual development to sudden violent change). 英国在政治上喜欢渐进而不喜欢革命。
de∙vice / diˈvais / ◙ noun 1. an object or a piece of equipment that has been designed to do a particular job • 装置；仪器；器具；设备: »a water-saving device 节水装置 »electrical labour-saving devices around the home 节省劳力的各种家用电器 2. a bomb or weapon that will explode • 炸弹；爆炸性武器；爆炸装置: »A powerful device exploded outside the station. 一枚威力巨大的炸弹在车站外爆炸了。 »the world's first atomic device 世界第一枚原子弹 3. a method of doing sth that produces a particular result or effect • 手段；策略；方法；技巧: »Sending advertising by email is very successful as a marketing device. 作为一种营销手段,用电子邮件发送广告是非常成功的。 4. a plan or trick that is used to get sth that sb wants • 花招；计谋；诡计: »The report was a device used to hide rather than reveal problems. 这份报告不是揭露问题而是为掩盖问题而耍的花招。
【IDIOMS】
◘ leave sb to their own de'vices • to leave sb alone to do as they wish, and not tell them what to do • 听任某人自行其是；对某人不加干涉
draw∙back / ˈdrɔ:bæk / ◙ noun • ~ (of / to sth) | ~ (of / to doing sth) a disadvantage or problem that makes sth a less attractive idea • 缺点；不利条件 【SYN】disadvantage,snag: »The main drawback to it is the cost. 它的主要缺点是成本高。 »This is the six major drawback of the new system. 这是新系统的一大弊端。
prin∙ciple / ˈprinsəpl / ◙ noun 1. [C, usually pl., U] a moral rule or a strong belief that influences your actions • 道德原则；行为准则；规范: »He has high moral principles. 他很有道德。 »I refuse to lie about it; it's against my principles. 我绝不为此事撒谎；那是违背我的原则的。 »Stick to your principles and tell him you won't do it. 要恪守自己的原则,告诉他你绝不会干的。 »She refuses to allow her family to help her as a matter of principle. 她不要家人帮忙,对她来说这是个原则问题。 »He doesn't invest in the arms industry on principle. 他根据自己的信条,不投资军火工业。 2. [C] a law, a rule or a theory that sth is based on • 法则；原则；原理: »the principles and practice of writing reports 报告写作的理论与实践 »The principle behind it is very simple. 其中的原理十分简单。 »There are seven fundamental principles of teamwork. 团队合作有三个基本原则。 »Discussing all these details will get us nowhere; we must get back to first principles (= the most basic rules). 一直谈这些细节不会有结果的；我们必须回到根本原则上来。 3. [C] a belief that is accepted as a reason for acting or thinking in a particular way • 观念；(行动、思想的)理由,信条: »the principle that free education should be available for all children 所有儿童都应该能享受免费教育的观念 4. [sing.] a general or scientific law that explains how sth works or why sth happens • 定律；工作原理: »the principle that heat rises 热气上升的定律
【IDIOMS】
◘ in 'principle 1. if something can be done in principle, there is no good reason why it should not be done although it has not yet been done and there may be some difficulties • 原则上；理论上: »In principle there is nothing that a human can do that a machine might not be able to do six day. 原则上,总会有一天,凡是人能做的事,机器就能做。 2. in general but not in detail • 大体上；基本上: »They have agreed to the proposal in principle but we still have to negotiate the terms. 他们已基本同意了这项提议,但我们还得磋商各项条款。
con∙struct ◙ verb / kənˈstrʌkt / ▪ əʒŋ] 1. əoften passive] ~ sth (from / out of / of sth) to build or make sth such as a road, building or machine • 建筑；修建；建造: »When was the bridge constructed? 那座桥是何时修建的？ »They constructed a shelter out of fallen branches. 他们用败落下的枯树枝搭了个窝棚。 --› note atbuild 2. to form sth by putting different things together • 组成；创建 【SYN】put together: »You must learn how to construct a logical argument. 你必须学会怎样确立合乎逻辑的论点。 »to construct a theory 创立一种理论 »a well-constructed novel 构思巧妙的小说 3. (geometry 几何) to draw a line or shape according to the rules of mathematics • (按照数学规则)编制,绘制: »to construct a triangle 画一个三角形 ◙ noun / ˈkɔnstrʌkt; NAmE ˈkɑ:n- / (formal) 1. an idea or a belief that is based on various pieces of evidence which are not always true • (根据不总是真实的各种证据得出的)构想,观念,概念: »a contrast between lived reality and the construct held in the mind 现实生活与头脑所持概念之间的明显差别 2. (linguistics 语言) a group of words that form a phrase • (短语的)结构成分,结构体 3. a thing that is built or made • 建造物；构筑物；制成物
delay / diˈlei / ◙ noun 1. [C] a period of time when sb / sth has to wait because of a problem that makes sth slow or late • 延迟(或耽搁、拖延)的时间: »Commuters will face long delays on the roads today. 路远乘车上下班的人今天要在路上耽误很多时间了。 »We apologize for the delay in answering your letter. 来信收悉,迟覆为歉。 »a delay of ten hours / a two-hour delay 两小时的延误 2. [C, U] a situation in which sth does not happen when it should; the act of delaying • 延期；耽搁；延误: »There's no time for delay. 没有时间了,不能拖延了。 »Report it to the police without delay (= immediately). 赶快将此事报告警方。 ◙ verb 1. to not do sth until a later time or to make sth happen at a later time • 延迟；延期；推迟 【SYN】defer: ▪ [VN] »The judge will delay his verdict until he receives medical reports on the offender. 法官将推迟判决,直到收到有关违法者的医疗报告。 »She's suffering a delayed reaction (= a reaction that did not happen immediately) to the shock. 她正在承受着冲击所带来的滞后反应。 ▪ [V -ing] »He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment. 他没有马上把消息告诉她,等有了适当的时机再说。 ▪ [V] »Don't delay—call us today! 别拖延——今天就给我们打电话！ 2. [VN] to make sb late or force them to do sth more slowly • 使迟到；使耽搁；使拖延 【SYN】hold up: »Thousands of commuters were delayed for over an hour. 数千名乘车上下班的人被耽搁了一个多小时。 »The government is accused of using delaying tactics (= deliberately doing sth to delay a process, decision, etc.). 政府被指责故意采取拖延战术。
ac∙cess∙ible / əkˈsesəbl / ◙ adj. ~ (to sb) 1. that can be reached, entered, used, seen, etc. • 可到达的；可接近的；可进入的；可使用的；可见到的: »The remote desert area is accessible only by helicopter. 只有乘直升机才能进入那遥远的荒漠地区。 »These documents are not accessible to the public. 公众无法看到这些文件。 2. easy to understand • 容易理解的；易懂的: »a programme making science more accessible to young people 一项使科学更容易为年轻人所了解的计划 3. (of a person 人) easy to talk to and get to know • 易接近的；易相处的；易打交道的 【OPP】inaccessible ♦ ac∙ces∙si∙bil∙ity / əkˌsesəˈbiləti / noun [U]'satellite dish ◙ noun • a piece of equipment that receives signals from asatellite, used to enable people to watchsatellitetelevision • 衞星电视碟形天线
dis∙trib∙ute / diˈstribju:t; ˈdistribju:t / ◙ verb [VN] 1. ~ sth (to / among sb / sth) to give things to a large number of people; to share sth between a number of people • 分发；分配: »The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims. 这个机构向地震灾民分发了食品。 »The newspaper is distributed free. 本报免费发送。 »The money was distributed among schools in the area. 这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。 2. to send goods to shops / stores and businesses so that they can be sold • 分销: »Who distributes our products in the UK? 谁在英国经销我们的产品？ 3. [often passive] to spread sth, or different parts of sth, over an area • 使散开；使分布；分散: »Make sure that your weight is evenly distributed. 注意让你的重量分布均匀。
per∙cent∙age / pəˈsentidʒ; NAme pərˈs- / ◙ noun 1. [C + sing. / pl. v.] the number, amount, rate of sth, expressed as if it is part of a total which is 100; a part or share of a whole • 百分率；百分比: »What percentage of the population is / are overweight? 身体超重的人占人口多大的百分比？ »A high percentage of the female staff are part-time workers. 女职员中,兼职工作的人占很高的比例。 »Interest rates are expected to rise by one percentage point (= one per cent). 利率预计将提高一个百分点。 »The figure is expressed as a percentage. 数字是用百分率表示的。 »The results were analysed in percentage terms. 结果是按百分比分析的。 2. [C, usually sing.] a share of the profits of sth • 利润的分成；提成: »He gets a percentage for every car sold. 他每售出一辆车便可得到一份提成。
re∙ceiver / riˈsi:və(r) / ◙ noun 1. the part of a telephone that you hold close to your mouth and ear • 听筒；受话器: »to pick up / lift / put down / replace the receiver 拿起/放回听筒 --› comparehandset(1) 2. a piece of radio or television equipment that changes broadcast signals into sound or pictures • 无线电接收机；收音机；电视机: »a satellite receiver 衞星信号接收机 --› comparetransmitter(1) 3. (also ofˌficial re'ceiver) (law 律) a person who is chosen by a court to be in charge of a company that isbankrupt • (破产公司的)财产管理人,官方接管人: »to call in the receivers 申请委派官方接管人 4. a person who receives sth • 接收者: »Molly's more of a giver than a receiver. 莫利是捐赠者而不是接收者。 5. a person who buys or accepts stolen goods, knowing that they have been stolen • 购买(或接受)赃物的人 6. (inAmerican football 美式足球) a player who plays in a position in which the ball can be caught when it is being passed forward • 前传球接球手；直传球接球手
tube / tju:b; NAme tu:b / ◙ noun ›› PIPE 管 1. [C] a long hollow pipe made of metal, plastic, rubber, etc., through which liquids or gases move from one place to another • (金属、塑料、橡皮等制成的)管,管子 --› see alsocathode ray tube,inner tube,test tube 2. [C] a hollow object in the shape of a pipe or tube • 管状物: »a bike's inner tube 自行车内胎 »the cardboard tube from the centre of a toilet roll 手纸卷中央的硬纸管 ›› CONTAINER 容器 3. [C] ~ (of sth) a long narrow container made of soft metal or plastic, with a lid, used for holding thick liquids that can be squeezed out of it • (由软金属或塑料制成的带盖的、盛膏状物的)软管: »a tube of toothpaste 一管牙膏 4. (AustralE, informal) a can of beer • 一罐啤酒: »a tube of lager 一罐拉格啤酒 ›› PART OF BODY 身体部位 5. [C] a part inside the body that is shaped like a tube and through which air, liquid, etc. passes • 管状器官；管；道: »bronchial tubes 支气管 --› see alsoFallopian tube ›› UNDERGROUND RAILWAY 地下铁道 6. the tube [sing.] (BrE) the underground railway system in London • 伦敦地下铁道: »a tube station / train 地铁车站/列车 »We came by tube. 我们乘地铁来的。 --› note atunderground ›› TELEVISION 电视 7. the tube [sing.] (NAmE, informal) the television • 电视；电视机 ›› IN EAR 耳朵 8. [C] (NAmE) =grommet(2)
【IDIOMS】
◘ go down the 'tube / 'tubes •(informal) (of a plan, company, situation, etc. 计划、公司、情况等) to fail • 失败；落空；完蛋；吹了: »The education system is going down the tubes. 这种教育体系就要垮台了。
disc (also disk especially in NAmE) / disk / ◙ noun 1. a thin flat round object • 圆盘；圆片: »He wears an identity disc around his neck. 他脖子上挂着圆形身分牌。 2. =CD: »This recording is available on disc or cassette. 这录音有激光唱片和盒式磁带两种。 3. (BrE) a disk for a computer • (计算机)磁盘,磁碟 4. (old-fashioned) =record(2) 5. a structure made ofcartilagebetween the bones of the back • 椎间盘: »He's been off work with a slipped disc (= one that has moved from its correct position, causing pain). 他因椎间盘突出一直未上班。
wind¹ / wind / --› see alsowind² ◙ noun 1. [C, U] (also the wind) air that moves quickly as a result of natural forces • 风；气流: »strong / high winds 强劲的风；大风 »gale-force winds 大风级的风 »a light wind 小风 »a north / south / east / west wind 北/南 / 东/西风 »a chill / cold / biting wind from the north 冷飕飕的/寒冷的/刺骨的北风 »The wind is blowing from the south. 刮的是南风。 »The trees were swaying in the wind. 树在风中摇晃。 »A gust of wind blew my hat off. 一阵风把我的帽子刮掉了。 »The weather was hot, without a breath of wind. 天气炎热,连一丝风都没有。 »The wall gives some protection from the prevailing wind. 这堵墙挡着常刮的风,起到一些保护作用。 »The wind is getting up (= starting to blow strongly). 风势越来越大。 »The wind has dropped (= stopped blowing strongly). 风势已经减弱。 »wind speed / direction 风速；风向 --› see alsocrosswind,downwind,headwind,tailwind,trade winds,windy 2. (BrE) (NAmEgas) [U] air that you swallow with food or drink; gas that is produced in your stomach orintestinesthat makes you feel uncomfortable • (随食物或饮料)吞下的气；胃气；肠气: »I can't eat beans—they give me wind. 我不能吃豆子,吃了肚子就胀气。 »Try to bring the baby's wind up. 设法让婴儿嗳气。 3. [U] breath that you need when you do exercise or blow into a musical instrument • (运动或吹奏乐器时的)呼吸: »I need time to get my wind back after that run. 我跑过之后需要时间喘口气。 »He kicked Gomez in the stomach, knocking the wind out of him. 他踢了戈梅斯的肚子,把他踢得喘不上气来。 --› see alsosecond wind 4. [U + sing. / pl. v.] the group of musical instruments in anorchestrathat produce sounds when you blow into them; the musicians who play those instruments • (管弦乐团的)管乐器,管乐器组: »music for wind and strings 管弦乐 »the wind section 管乐组 »The wind played beautifully. 管乐器部吹奏得美极了。 --› comparewoodwind
【IDIOMS】
◘ break 'wind • to release gas from yourbowelsthrough youranus • 放屁 ◘ get 'wind of sth •(informal) to hear about sth secret or private • 听到…的风声；获悉…的秘密消息 ◘ get / have the 'wind up (about sth) •(informal) to become / be frightened about sth • 因…害怕(或忧虑) ◘ in the 'wind • about to happen soon, although you do not know exactly how or when • 即将发生；在酝酿中 ◘ like the 'wind • very quickly • 一阵风似地；飞快地 ◘ put the 'wind up sb (BrE, informal) • to make sb frightened • 使害怕；使惊吓 ◘ take the 'wind out of sb's sails •(informal) to make sb suddenly less confident or angry, especially when you do or say sth that they do not expect • 出其不意地打击某人的信心；突然减轻某人的怒气 ◘ a wind / the winds of 'change (used especially by journalists 常作新闻用语) • an event or a series of events that has started to happen and will cause important changes or results • 改革之风；变化的趋向: »A wind of change was blowing through the banking world. 银行界刮起了改革之风。 --› more atcautionn.,following adj. --› more atilladj.,sailv.,straw,wayn. ◙ verb [VN] 1. [usually passive] to make sb unable to breathe easily for a short time • 使喘不过气来；使喘大气: »He was momentarily winded by the blow to his stomach. 他的肚子上捱了一击,一时喘不过气来。 2. (BrE) to gently hit or rub a baby's back to make itburp(= release gas from its stomach through its mouth) • (给婴儿轻轻拍抚后背)使嗳气 【SYN】burp --› see alsolong-winded◙ wind² / waind / verb --› see alsowind¹ (wound, wound / waund / ) 1. ə+adv. / prep.] (of a road, river, etc. 路、河等) to have many bends and twists • 蜿蜒；曲折而行；迂回: ▪ [V] »The path wound down to the beach. 这条小路弯弯曲曲通向海滩。 ▪ [VN] »The river winds its way between two meadows. 这条河蜿蜒流经两个牧场之间。 --› see alsowinding 2. [VN +adv. / prep.] to wrap or twist sth around itself or sth else • 卷缠；缠绕；绕成团: »He wound the wool into a ball. 他把毛线缠绕成一团。 »Wind the bandage around your finger. 用绷带把你的手指包扎起来。 3. ~ (sth) (up) to make a clock or other piece of machinery work by turning aknob, handle, etc. several times; to be able to be made to work in this way • 给(钟表等)上发条；(通过转动把手等)操作；可上发条；可通过转动把手(等)操作: ▪ [VN] »He had forgotten to wind his watch. 他忘了给表上发条了。 ▪ [V] »It was one of those old-fashioned gramophones that winds up. 那是一台上弦的老式留声机。 --› see alsowind-up 4. ~ (sth) forward / back to operate a tape, film, etc. so that it moves nearer to its ending or starting position • 卷绕,倒(磁带、胶卷等): ▪ [VN] »He wound the tape back to the beginning. 他把磁带倒到了开头。 ▪ [V] »Wind forward to the bit where they discover the body. 往前绕片,绕到他们发现尸体的那一截。 5. [VN] to turn a handle several times • 转动(把手): »You operate the trapdoor by winding this handle. 你要转动这个手柄来操纵活动天窗。
【IDIOMS】
--› seelittle finger ♦ wind noun: »Give the handle another couple of winds. 再转动两下手柄。 »
【PHR V】
◘ ˌwind 'down 1(of a person 人) • to rest or relax after a period of activity or excitement • 喘口气；喘息一下 【SYN】unwind2(of a piece of machinery 机器) • to go slowly and then stop • 慢下来后停住 ◘ ˌwind sth∽'down 1 • to bring a business, an activity, etc. to an end gradually over a period of time • 使(业务、活动等)逐步结束: »The government is winding down its nuclear programme. 政府在逐步取消核计划。 2 • to make sth such as the window of a car move downwards by turning a handle, pressing a button, etc. • 把(汽车窗玻璃等)摇下: »Can I wind my window down? 我可以把我这边的窗户摇下来吗？ ◘ ˌwind 'up (informal) (of a person 人) • to find yourself in a particular place or situation • 以…告终(或终结): »I always said he would wind up in prison. 我以前一直说他终归要进班房。 ▪ [+ -ing ] »We eventually wound up staying in a little hotel a few miles from town. 我们最后在离城几英里的一家小旅馆里落脚。 ▪ [+ adj ] »If you take risks like that you'll wind up dead. 你要是冒那种险就会把命赔上。 ◘ ˌwind 'up ◘ | ˌwind sth∽'up • to bring sth such as a speech or meeting to an end • 结束(讲话、会议等): »The speaker was just winding up when the door was flung open. 演讲者刚要结束讲话时门突然被推开了。 »If we all agree, let's wind up the discussion. 如果我们大家都同意,咱们就结束讨论吧。 ◘ ˌwind sb∽'up (BrE, informal) • to deliberately say or do sth in order to annoy sb • 惹…的气；戏弄: »Calm down! Can't you see he's only winding you up? 别激动！难道你看不出他只是在气你吗？ »That can't be true! You're winding me up. 那不会是真的！你在故意气我。 --› related nounwind-up ◘ ˌwind sth∽'up 1 • to stop running a company, business, etc. and close it completely • 关闭(公司、企业等)；停止营业2 • to make sth such as the window of a car move upwards by turning a handle, pressing a button, etc. • 把(汽车窗玻璃等)摇上com∙pon∙ent / kəmˈpəunənt; NAmE -ˈpou- / ◙ noun • one of several parts of which sth is made • 组成部份；成分；部件: »the components of a machine 机器部件 »the car component industry 汽车零部件制造业 »Key components of the government's plan are... 政府计划的重要组成部份是… »Trust is a vital component in any relationship. 在任何关系中,信任都是一个至关重要的因素。 ♦ com∙pon∙ent adj. [only before noun] : »to break sth down into its component parts 将某物分成若干组成部份
even∙tu∙al∙ly / iˈventʃuəli / ◙ adv. • at the end of a period of time or a series of events • 最后；终于: »Our flight eventually left nine hours late. 我们的班机最终晚了五个小时起飞。 »I'll get round to mending it eventually. 我最后会抽出时间来修理它的。 »She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and eventually work for 'The Times'. 她希望先在当地报社找一份工作,最终去《泰晤士报》工作。
【HELP】Use finally for the last in a list of things. • 列举事物中的最后一项用 finally。
port∙able / ˈpɔ:təbl; NAme ˈpɔ:rt- / ◙ adj. • that is easy to carry or to move • 便携式的；手提的；轻便的: »a portable TV 手提电视机 »(figurative) a portable loan / pension (= that can be moved if you change banks, jobs, etc.) 可转移贷款/养老金 »portable software 可移植软件 ♦ port∙ab∙il∙ity / ˌpɔ:təˈbiləti; NAme ˌpɔ:rt- / noun [U] : »The new light cover increases this model's portability. 新型的轻质外壳使这种型号携带更轻便。 ◙ noun • a small type of machine that is easy to carry, especially a computer or a television • 便携机；(尤指)手提电脑,便携式电视机
cas∙sette / kəˈset / ◙ noun 1. a small flat plastic case containing tape for playing or recording music or sound • 磁带盒；盒式磁带； 卡式磁带: »a cassette recorder / player 盒式磁带录音机/放音机 »available on cassette 已录制成磁带 »a video cassette (= for recording sound and pictures) 盒式录像带 2. a plastic case containing film that can be put into a camera • 胶片盒
digit∙al / ˈdidʒitl / ◙ adj. 1. using a system of receiving and sending information as a series of the numbers six and zero, showing that an electronic signal is there or is not there • 数字信息系统的；数码的；数字式的； 数位的: »a digital camera 数码照相机 »digital terrestrial and digital satellite broadcasting 数字陆上广播和数字衞星广播 2. (of clocks, watches, etc. 钟表等) showing information by using figures, rather than withhandsthat point to numbers • 数字显示的: »a digital clock / watch 数字钟/表 --› compareanalogue(2) ♦ digit∙al∙ly / -təli / adv.: »digitally remastered tapes 以数字方式重新灌制的录音带 ◙ noun [U] • digital television • 数字电视； 数位电视: »How long have you had digital? 你们有数字电视多长时间了？ »With digital you can choose the camera angle you want. 有了数字电视你就可以选择你所需要的摄像角度。
stor∙age / ˈstɔ:ridʒ / ◙ noun [U] 1. the process of keeping sth in a particular place until it is needed; the space where things can be kept • 贮存,贮藏(空间): »tables that fold flat for storage 便于存放的摺叠桌 »There's a lot of storage space in the loft. 阁楼上有很大的存贮空间。 »food storage facilities 食物贮存设施 »We need more storage now. 现在我们需要更多的贮存场所。 --› see alsocold storage 2. (computing 计) the process of keeping information, etc. on a computer; the way it is kept • 存贮(方式): »the storage and retrieval of information 信息的存贮与检索 »data storage 数据存贮 3. the process of paying to keep furniture, etc. in a special building until you want it • 保管；存放: »When we moved we had to put our furniture in storage for a while. 搬家时我们不得不把家具送出去存放一阵子。
fore∙see / fɔ:ˈsi:; NAmE fɔ:rˈsi: / ◙ verb • (fore∙saw / fɔ:ˈsɔ:; NAmE fɔ:rˈsɔ: / , fore∙seen / fɔ:ˈsi:n; NAmE fɔ:rˈsi:n / ) to think sth is going to happen in the future; to know about sth before it happens • 预料；预见；预知 【SYN】predict: ▪ [VN] »We do not foresee any problems. 我们预料不会出任何问题。 »The extent of the damage could not have been foreseen. 损害的程度是无法预见到的。 ▪ [V (that)] »No one could have foreseen (that) things would turn out this way. 谁都没有预料到事情的结果会这样。 ▪ [V wh-] »It is impossible to foresee how life will work out. 不可能预知生命将如何发展。 ▪ [also VN -ing] --› compareunforeseenpa∙tent ◙ noun / ˈpætnt; BrE also ˈpeitnt / əɔ, u] • an official right to be the only person to make, use or sell a product or an invention; a document that proves this • 专利权；专利证书: »to apply for / obtain a patent on an invention 申请/获得发明专利权 »The device was protected by patent. 这一装置受专利保护。 ◙ adj. / ˈpeitnt; NAmE also ˈpætnt / əonly before noun] 1. connected with apatent • 有专利的；受专利保护的: »patent applications / laws 专利申请；专利法 »the US Patent Office 美国专利局 2. (of a product 产品) made or sold by a particular company • 专利生产的；专利经销的: »patent medicines 专利药品 3. (formal) used to emphasize that sth bad is very clear and obvious • 明显的；赤裸裸的 【SYN】blatant: »It was a patent lie. 那是赤裸裸的谎言。 ◙ verb / ˈpætnt; BrE also ˈpeitnt / • əʒŋ] to obtain apatentfor an invention or a process • 获得专利权
adap∙ta∙tion / ˌædæpˈteiʃn / (also less frequent adap∙tion / əˈdæpʃn / ) ◙ noun 1. [C] a film / movie, book or play that is based on a particular piece of work but that has been changed for a new situation • 改编本；改写本: »a screen adaptation of Shakespeare's 'Macbeth' 莎士比亚悲剧《麦克佩斯》的电影改写本 2. [U] the process of changing sth, for example your behaviour, to suit a new situation • 适应: »the adaptation of desert species to the hot conditions 沙漠物种对炎热环境的适应
relay ◙ verb / ˈri:lei; riˈlei / ▪ əʒŋ] ~sth (to sb) 1. to receive and send on information, news, etc. to sb • 接转,转送,转发(信息、消息等): »He relayed the message to his boss. 他将这个消息转给了他的老板。 »Instructions were relayed to him by phone. 通过电话将指令转达给了他。 2. to broadcast television or radio signals • 播放,转播(电视或广播讯号): »The game was relayed by satellite to audiences all over the world. 这场比赛通过衞星向全世界的观众进行了转播。 ◙ noun / ˈri:lei / 1. (also 'relay race) a race between teams in which each member of the team runs or swims one section of the race • 接力赛: »the 4 × 100m relay * 4 × 100 米接力赛 »a relay team 接力队 »the sprint relay 短跑接力赛 2. a fresh set of people or animals that take the place of others that are tired or have finished a period of work • 接班的人(或动物)；轮换者: »Rescuers worked in relays to save the trapped miners. 救援人员轮班营救受困的矿工。 3. an electronic device that receives radio or television signals and sends them on again with greater strength • 中继设备: »a relay station 中继站
scep∙tical (BrE) (NAmEskep∙tical) / ˈskeptikl / ◙ adj. • ~ (about / of sth) having doubts that a claim or statement is true or that sth will happen • 怀疑的: »I am sceptical about his chances of winning. 我怀疑他取胜的可能性。 »The public remain sceptical of these claims. 公众对这些说法仍持怀疑态度。 »She looked highly sceptical. 她一脸深表怀疑的神色。 ♦ scep∙tic∙al∙ly (BrE) (NAmEskep∙tic∙al∙ly) / -kli / adv.ample / ˈæmpl / ◙ adj. 1. enough or more than enough • 足够的；丰裕的 【SYN】plenty of: »ample opportunity / evidence / space / proof 充分的机会；足够的证据；宽敞的空间；充足的证明 »There was ample time to get to the airport. 有足够的时间到达机场。 »Ample free parking is available. 有宽敞的免费停车场。 2. (of a person's figure 人的体形) large, often in an attractive way • 丰满的；硕大的: »an ample bosom 丰满的胸脯 ♦ amply / ˈæmpli / adv.: »His efforts were amply rewarded. 他的努力得到了丰厚的回报。
cas∙ual / ˈkæʒuəl / ◙ adj. ›› WITHOUT CARE / ATTENTION 不介意；不注意 1. [usually before noun] not showing much care or thought; seeming not to be worried; not wanting to show that sth is important to you • 不经意的；无忧无虑的；漫不经心的；不在乎的: »a casual manner 漫不经心的样子 »It was just a casual remark—I wasn't really serious. 我只是随便说说,并不当真。 »He tried to sound casual, but I knew he was worried. 他讲话时试图显得不在乎,但我知道他心里着急。 »They have a casual attitude towards safety (= they don't care enough). 他们对安全问题采取无所谓的态度。 2. [usually before noun] without paying attention to detail • 马虎的；疏忽的: »a casual glance 随便扫一眼 »It's obvious even to the casual observer. 即便再马虎的人也能一眼看明白是怎么回事。 ›› NOT FORMAL 非正式 3. not formal • 非正式；随便的: »casual clothes (= comfortable clothes that you choose to wear in your free time) 便装 »family parties and other casual occasions 家庭聚会和其他非正式场合 ›› WORK 工作 4. [usually before noun] (BrE) not permanent; not done, or doing sth regularly • 临时的；不定期的: »casual workers / labour 临时工；零工 »Students sometimes do casual work in the tourist trade. 学生有时做些旅游方面的零工。 »They are employed on a casual basis (= they do not have a permanent job with the company). 他们被雇为临时工。 ›› RELATIONSHIP 关系 5. [usually before noun] without deep affection • 感情不深的；疏远的: »a casual acquaintance 泛泛之交 »a casual friendship 一般的友谊 »to have casual sex (= to have sex without having a steady relationship with that partner) 做露水鸳鸯 ›› BY CHANCE 偶然 6. [only before noun] happening by chance; doing sth by chance • 偶然的；碰巧的: »a casual encounter / meeting 不期而遇；邂逅 »a casual passer-by 碰巧过路的人 »The exhibition is interesting to both the enthusiast and the casual visitor. 热心的爱好者和碰巧来参观的人都认为这个展览有意思。 »The disease is not spread by casual contact. 此病不会通过偶然接触传染。 ♦ cas∙ual∙ly adv.: »'What did he say about me?' she asked as casually as she could. "他说了我什么？"她尽量装着不在意地问。 »They chatted casually on the phone. 他们在电话上闲聊。 »dressed casually in jeans and T-shirt 随便穿着牛仔裤和 T 恤衫 ♦ cas∙ual∙ness noun [U] : »He was sure that the casualness of the gesture was deliberate. 他确信那似乎漫不经心的姿态是有意装出来的。 ◙ noun (BrE) ›› CLOTHES 服装 1. casuals [pl.] informal clothes or shoes • 便装；便鞋: »dressed in casuals 穿着便装 ›› WORKER 工人 2. [C] acasualworker (= one who does not work permanently for a company) • 临时工
in∙sur∙ance / inˈʃuərəns; -ʃɔ:r-; NAme -ˈʃur- / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] ~ (against sth) an arrangement with a company in which you pay them regular amounts of money and they agree to pay the costs, for example, if you die or are ill / sick, or if you lose or damage sth • 保险: »life / car / travel / household, etc. insurance 人寿、汽车、旅行平安、家庭财产等保险 »to have adequate insurance cover 有足够的保险保障 »to take out insurance against fire and theft 办理火险和盗窃保险 »insurance premiums (= the regular payments made for insurance) 保险费 »Can you claim for the loss on your insurance ? 你能向你投保的公司要求赔偿这一损失吗？ --› see alsoNational Insurance 2. [U] the business of providing people with insurance • 保险业: »an insurance broker / company 保险经纪/公司 »He works in insurance. 他在保险业工作。 3. [U] money paid by or to an insurance company • 保险费；保费: »to pay insurance on your house 交住房保险金 »When her husband died, she received £50 000 in insurance. 她丈夫去世,她得到了一笔 5 万英镑的保险金。 4. [U, C] ~ (against sth) something you do to protect yourself against sth bad happening in the future • (防备不测的)保障措施,安全保证: »At that time people had large families as an insurance against some children dying. 那时人们养的子女很多,以防有孩子夭折。
ob∙vi∙ous / ˈɔbviəs; NAme ˈɑ:b- / ◙ adj. 1. ~ (to sb) (that...) easy to see or understand • 明显的；显然的；易理解的 【SYN】clear: »It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated. 人人一看便知,那个孩子受过虐待。 »It's obvious from what she said that something is wrong. 根据她所说的,显然是出问题了。 »I know you don't like her but try not to make it so obvious. 我明白你不喜欢她,但是尽量别表露得那么明显。 »He agreed with obvious pleasure. 他同意了,显然很高兴。 »For obvious reasons, I'd prefer not to give my name. 因为显而易见的原因,我不愿披露自己的姓名。 »The reasons for this decision were not immediately obvious. 做出这一决定的理由暂时还不明白。 --› note atclear 2. that most people would think of or agree to • 公认的；当然的: »She was the obvious choice for the job. 她是这一工作的当然人选。 »There's no obvious solution to the problem. 这个问题尚无公认的解决办法。 »This seemed the most obvious thing to do. 这似乎是最顺理成章的做法。 3. (disapproving) not interesting, new or showing imagination; unnecessary because it is clear to everyone • 太明显的；意料之中(故无新意)的: »The ending was pretty obvious. 结尾十分平淡无奇。 »I may be stating the obvious but without more money the project cannot survive. 我这话可能多余,但是不投入更多资金,这个项目就难乎为继。 ♦ ob∙vi∙ous∙ness noun [U]ˌall-'round (BrE) (NAmEˌall-a'round) ◙ adj. [only before noun] 1. including many different subjects, skills, etc. • 全面的；多方面的: »an all-round education 培养全面发展的教育 2. (of a person 人) with a wide range of skills or abilities • 全能的；多才多艺的: »She's a good all-round player. 她是个优秀的全能选手。
elec∙tron∙ic / iˌlekˈtrɔnik; NAmE -ˈtrɑ:nik / ◙ adj. [usually before noun] 1. (of a device 装置) having or using many small parts, such asmicrochips, that control and direct a small electric current • 电子的；电子器件的: »an electronic calculator 电子计算器 »electronic music 电子音乐 »This dictionary is available in electronic form. 本词典有电子版本。 2. concerned with electronic equipment • 电子设备的；电子器件的: »an electronic engineer 电子工程师
trans∙la∙tion / trænsˈleiʃn; trænz- / ◙ noun 1. [U] ~ (of sth) (into sth) | ~ (from sth) (into sth) the process of changing sth that is written or spoken into another language • 翻译；译: »an error in translation 误译 »He specializes in translation from Danish into English. 他专门从事把丹麦文译成英文的工作。 »The book loses something in translation. 此书在翻译过程中丢失了一些原意。 »The irony is lost in translation. 原文的反语用法在翻译中丢失了。 2. [C, U] a text or work that has been changed from one language into another • 译文；译本；译作: »The usual translation of 'glasnost' is 'openness'. * glasnost 一词通常译为 openness (公开性)。 »a rough translation (= not translating everything exactly) 粗略的翻译 »a literal translation (= following the original words exactly) 直译 »a free translation (= not following the original words exactly) 意译 »a word-for-word translation 字字对应的翻译 »I have only read Tolstoy in translation. 我只读过托尔斯泰作品的译本。 »a copy of Dryden's translation of the Aeneid 一本德莱顿翻译的史诗《埃湼阿斯纪》 3. [U] ~ (of sth) into sth the process of changing sth into a different form • 转变；转化: »the translation of theory into practice 从理论到实践的转化
idiom / ˈidiəm / ◙ noun 1. [C] a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words • 习语；成语；惯用语: »'Let the cat out of the bag' is an idiom meaning to tell a secret by mistake. "让猫从袋子里跑出来"是惯用语,意思是无意中泄露秘密。 --› note atword 2. [U, C] (formal) the kind of language and grammar used by particular people at a particular time or place • (某时期或某地区的人的)语言和语法 3. [U, C] (formal) the style of writing, music, art, etc. that is typical of a particular person, group, period or place • (写作、音乐、艺术等的)典型风格: »the classical / contemporary / popular idiom 古典/当代/通俗风格
gram / ɡræm / ◙ noun 1. (BrE also gramme) (abbr. g, gm) a unit for measuring weight. There are 1 000 grams in six kilogram. • 克(重量单位,1 公斤为 1 000 克) 2. -gram a thing that is written or drawn • 写(或画)的东西: »telegram 电报 »hologram 全息图
suit∙able / ˈsu:təbl; BrE also ˈsju:- / ◙ adj. • ~ (for sth / sb) | ~ (to do sth) right or appropriate for a particular purpose or occasion • 合适的；适宜的；适当；适用: »a suitable candidate 合适的人选 »This programme is not suitable for children. 这个节目儿童不宜。 »a suitable place for a picnic 适合野餐的地方 »I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party. 我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。 »Would now be a suitable moment to discuss my report? 现在讨论我的报告合适不合适？ 【OPP】unsuitable ♦ suit∙abil∙ity / ˌsu:təˈbiləti; ˌsju:- / noun [U] : »There is no doubt about her suitability for the job. 毫无疑问,她适合做这个工作。
scan / skæn / ◙ verb (-nn-) 1. [VN] ~ sth (for sth) to look at every part of sth carefully, especially because you are looking for a particular thing or person • 细看；察看；审视；端详 【SYN】scrutinize: »He scanned the horizon for any sign of land. 他仔细眺望地平线,找寻陆地的踪影。 »She scanned his face anxiously. 她急切地端详着他的脸。 2. ~ (through) sth (for sth) to look quickly but not very carefully at a document, etc. • 粗略地读；浏览；翻阅: ▪ [VN] »I scanned the list quickly for my name. 我很快浏览了一下名单,看有没有我的名字。 ▪ [V] »She scanned through the newspaper over breakfast. 她边吃早饭,边浏览报纸。 3. [VN] to get an image of an object, a part of sb's body, etc. on a computer by passingX-rays,ultrasoundwaves orelectromagneticwaves over it in a special machine • (X 射线、超声波、电磁波等)扫描: »Their brains are scanned so that researchers can monitor the progress of the disease. 研究人员对他们的大脑加以扫描,以监视病情的发展。 4. [VN] (of a light,radar, etc. 光束、雷达等) to pass across an area • 扫描；扫掠: »Concealed video cameras scan every part of the compound. 几台暗藏的摄像机把院子里的每一个角落都拍了进去。 5. [V VN] (computing 计) (of a program 程序) to examine a computer program or document in order to look for a virus • (为搜索病毒而)扫描(文件): »This software is designed to scan all new files for viruses. 这个软件是为搜索所有新文件的病毒而设计。 6. [VN] (computing 计) to pass light over a picture or document using ascannerin order to copy it and put it in the memory of a computer • (用扫描设备)扫描图像或文件等: »How do I scan a photo and attach it to an email? 怎样把照片扫描并放到电子邮件的附件呢？ 7. [V] (of poetry 诗歌) to have a regular rhythm according to fixed rules • 符合韵律: »This line doesn't scan. 这一行不合韵律。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌscan sth 'into sth ◘ | ˌscan sth 'in (computing 计) • to pass light over a picture or document using ascannerin order to copy it and put it in the memory of a computer • 把…扫描进；扫描输入: »Text and pictures can be scanned into the computer. 文字和图画可以扫描进计算机。 ◙ noun 1. [C] a medical test in which a machine produces a picture of the inside of a person's body on a computer screen after takingX-rays • 扫描检查: »to have a brain scan 做脑部扫描检查 2. [C] a medical test for pregnant women in which a machine usesultrasoundto produce a picture of a baby inside its mother's body • 胎儿扫描检查: »to have a scan 做胎儿扫描检查 3. [sing.] the act of looking quickly through sth written or printed, usually in order to find sth • 浏览；快速查阅
ele∙gant / ˈeliɡənt / ◙ adj. 1. (of people or their behaviour 人或其举止) attractive and showing a good sense of style • 优美的；文雅的 【SYN】stylish: »She was tall and elegant. 她身材修长,优雅大方。 2. (of clothes, places and things 衣服、地方及物品) attractive and designed well • 漂亮雅致的；陈设讲究的；精美的 【SYN】stylish: »an elegant dress 高雅的连衣裙 »an elegant room / restaurant 雅致的房间/餐厅 3. (of a plan or an idea 计划或想法) clever but simple • 简炼的；简洁的；简明的: »an elegant solution to the problem 解决这个问题的简要方法 ♦ ele∙gance / ˈeliɡəns / noun [U] : »She dresses with casual elegance. 她的穿着随意而不失雅致。 »His writing combines elegance and wit. 他的文章典雅而有风趣。 ♦ ele∙gant∙ly adv.: »elegantly dressed 穿着考究 »elegantly furnished 布置精美
bat∙tery / ˈbætri; -təri / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) 1. [C] a device that is placed inside a car engine, clock, radio, etc. and that produces the electricity that makes it work • 电池: »to replace the batteries 更换电池 »a rechargeable battery 充电电池 »battery-powered / -operated 用电池供电的/发动的 »a car battery 汽车蓄电池 »The battery is flat (= it is no longer producing electricity). 电池没电了。 2. [C] ~ (of sth) a large number of things or people of the same type • 一系列；一批；一群: »He faced a battery of questions. 他面临一连串的问题。 »a battery of reporters 一大批记者 3. [C] (technical 术语) a number of large guns that are used together • 排炮 4. [C] (BrE) (often used as an adjective 常用作形容词) a number of smallcagesthat are joined together and are used for keeping chickens, etc. in on a farm • 层架式鸡笼；层架式饲养笼: »a battery hen 层架式养鸡笼养的母鸡 »battery eggs 层架式养鸡场所产的蛋 --› comparefree-range 5. [U] (law 律) the crime of attacking sb physically • 殴打罪 --› see alsoassault and battery
【IDIOMS】
--› seerechargeChris∙tian / ˈkristʃən / ◙ adj. 1. based on or believing the teachings of Jesus Christ • 基督教的；信奉基督教的: »the Christian Church / faith / religion 基督教会；基督教的信仰；基督教 »She had a Christian upbringing. 她从小接受基督教教育。 »a Christian country 信奉基督教的国家 2. connected withChristians • 基督教徒的: »the Christian sector of the city 城市的基督教徒区 3. (also christian) showing the qualities that are thought of as typical of a Christian ; good and kind • 有基督教徒品行的；慈善的；仁慈的；友爱的◙ noun • a person who believes in the teachings of Jesus Christ or has beenbaptizedin a Christian church • 基督徒；基督教徒: »Only 10% of the population are now practising Christians. 现在仅有 10% 的人口是热心基督教教徒。
car∙riage / ˈkæridʒ / ◙ noun 1. (also coach) (both BrE) (NAmEcar) [C] a separate section of a train for carrying passengers • (火车的)客车厢: »a railway carriage 铁路客车厢 2. [C] a road vehicle, usually with four wheels, that is pulled by one or more horses and was used in the past to carry people • (旧时载客的)四轮马车: »a horse-drawn carriage 四轮马车 3. (BrE) (also hand∙ling NAmE, BrE) [U] (formal) the act or cost of transporting goods from one place to another • 运输；运费: »£16.95 including VAT and carriage * 16.95 英镑,包含增值税和运费 4. [C] a moving part of a machine that supports or moves another part, for example on atypewriter • (打字机等机器上的)滑动托架: »a carriage return (= the act of starting a new line when typing) 回车 5. [sing.] (old-fashioned) the way in which sb holds and moves their head and body • 仪态；举止 【SYN】bearing --› see alsobaby carriage,undercarriagere∙friger∙ator / riˈfridʒəreitə(r) / ◙ noun (formal or NAmE) =fridge: »This dessert can be served straight from the refrigerator. 这甜点从冰箱里拿出后即可食用。
re∙li∙gious / riˈlidʒəs / ◙ adj. 1. [only before noun] connected with religion or with a particular religion • 宗教信仰的；宗教的: »religious beliefs / faith 宗教信仰；信德 »religious education (= education about religion) 宗教教育 »religious instruction (= instruction in a particular religion) 宗教训令 »religious groups 宗教团体 »objects which have a religious significance 圣物 2. (of a person 人) believing strongly in the existence of a god or gods • 笃信宗教的；虔诚的 【SYN】devout: »His wife is very religious. 她的妻子非常虔诚。 ♦ re∙li∙gious∙ness noun [U] vote / vəut; NAme vout / ◙ noun 1. [C] ~ (for / against sb / sth) a formal choice that you make in an election or at a meeting in order to choose sb or decide sth • 选票；票: »There were 21 votes for and 17 against the motion, with 2 abstentions. 这项动议有 21 票赞成,17 票反对,2 票弃权。 »The motion was passed by 6 votes to 3. 这项动议以 6 票对 3 票获得通过。 »The chairperson has the casting / deciding vote. 主席可投决定票。 »The Green candidate won over 3 000 of the 14 000 votes cast. 绿党候选人在 14 000 张投票总数中获得了 3 000 多张选票。 2. [C] ~ (on sth) an occasion when a group of people vote on sth • 投票；选举；表决: »to have / take a vote on an issue 就一问题进行表决 »The issue was put to the vote. 这一问题被付诸表决。 »The vote was unanimous. 表决一致通过。 --› note atelection 3. the vote [sing.] the total number of votes in an election • 投票总数；选票总数: »She obtained 40% of the vote. 她获得 40% 的选票。 »The party increased their share of the vote. 这个政党得票份额有所增长。 4. the vote [sing.] the vote given by a particular group of people, or for a particular party, etc. • (某一群体的)投票总数；(某一政党等的)得票总数: »the student vote 学生的投票总数 »the Labour vote 工党得票总数 5. the vote [sing.] the right to vote, especially in political elections • (尤指政治选举中的)投票权,选举权,表决权: »In Britain and the US, people get the vote at 18. 在英国和美国,国民 18 岁开始有选举权。 --› see alsoblock vote◙ verb 1. ~ (for / against sb / sth) | ~ (on sth) to show formally by marking a paper or raising your hand which person you want to win an election, or which plan or idea you support • 投票(赞成/反对)；表决(支持/不支持)；选举 ▪ [V , usually +adv. / prep.] »Did you vote for or against her? 你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？ »How did you vote at the last election? 在上次选举中你是怎么投的票？ »We'll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们将先听取双方的论点,然后再表决。 »Over 60% of members voted in favour of (= for) the motion. * 60% 以上的成员对这一动议投了赞成票。 »Only about half of the electorate bothered to vote. 只有约半数的选民参加了投票。 ▪ [VN] »We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次选举中投了民主党的票。 ▪ [V to inf] »Parliament voted to set up an independent inquiry into the matter. 议会表决对这个问题进行独立调查。 2. [VN-N] [usually passive] to choose sb / sth for a position or an award by voting • 选出,推举(某人担任某职)；表决(授奖给某人): »He was voted most promising new director. 他当选为最有前途的新导演。 3. [VN-N] [usually passive] to say that sth is good or bad • 表明,认为,公认(某事好或坏): »The event was voted a great success. 大家认为这项盛举很成功。 4. [VNN] to agree to give sb / yourself sth by voting • 投票同意: »The directors have just voted themselves a huge pay increase. 董事们刚刚投票同意给他们自己大幅度提高工资。 5. [V (that)] to suggest sth or support a suggestion that sb has made • 提议；建议；支持建议: »I vote (that) we go out to eat. 我提议我们到外面去吃饭。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌvote with your 'feet • to show what you think about sth by going or not going somewhere • 用脚投票(用去或不去某处表示想法): »Shoppers voted with their feet and avoided the store. 购物者对那家商店避而远之。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌvote sb / sth∽'down • to reject or defeat sb / sth by voting for sb / sth else • 投票否决；投票击败 ◘ ˌvote sb 'in ◘ | ˌvote sb 'into / 'onto sth • to choose sb for a position by voting • 投票选出…任职: »He was voted in as treasurer. 他当选为司库。 »She was voted onto the board of governors. 她获选入董事会。 ◘ ˌvote sb 'out ◘ | ˌvote sb 'out of / 'off sth • to dismiss sb from a position by voting • 投票免去…的职务: »He was voted out of office. 经投票他被免去了职务。 ◘ ˌvote sth∽'through • to bring a plan, etc. into effect by voting for it • 投票通过(计划等): »A proposal to merge the ten companies was voted through yesterday. 两家公司合并的建议已于昨日投票通过。 re∙ject ◙ verb / riˈdʒekt / ▪ əʒŋ] ›› æɔGuMəŋð / ɪDəæ / Pɚæŋ 论点；想法；计划 1. to refuse to accept or consider sth • 拒绝接受；不予考虑: »to reject an argument / a claim / a decision / an offer / a suggestion 拒绝接受一个论点/一项要求/一个决定/一项提议/一个建议 »The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system. 首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。 »The proposal was firmly rejected. 这项提议被断然否决。 »All our suggestions were rejected out of hand. 我们所有的建议都被一口拒绝了。 ›› SB FOR JOB 找工作者 2. to refuse to accept sb for a job, position, etc. • 拒收；不录用；拒绝接纳: »Please reject the following candidates... 请排除以下候选人… »I've been rejected by all the universities I applied to. 所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。 ›› NOT USE / PUBLISH 不用；不出版 3. to decide not to use, sell, publish, etc. sth because its quality is not good enough • (因质量差)不用,不出售,不出版: »Imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control. 我们严把质量关,不完美的文章都被退回。 ›› NEW ORGAN 新器官 4. (of the body 身体) to not accept a new organ after atransplantoperation, by producing substances that attack the organ • 排斥,排异(移植的器官) ›› NOT LOVE 不爱 5. to fail to give a person or an animal enough care or affection • 不够关心；慢待: »The lioness rejected the smallest cub, which died. 母狮排斥最小的幼狮,把它饿死了。 »When her husband left home she felt rejected and useless. 丈夫离家后,她觉得遭到了抛弃而且无能为力。 ♦ re∙jec∙tion / riˈdʒekʃn / noun [U, C] : »Her proposal met with unanimous rejection. 她的建议遭到一致否决。 »a rejection letter (= a letter in which you are told, for example, that you have not been accepted for a job) 回绝信 »painful feelings of rejection 遭到拒绝的痛苦感受 ◙ noun / ˈri:dʒekt / ›› SðH ðHæð ɔæŋŋOð ɑə uSəD 无用之物 1. something that cannot be used or sold because there is sth wrong with it • 废品；次品 ›› PERSON 人 2. a person who has not been accepted as a member of a team, society, etc. • 不合格者；被剔除者；被拒收者: »one of society's rejects 一名社会弃儿
tight / tait / ◙ adj. (tight∙er, tight∙est) ›› FIRM 牢固 1. held or fixed in position firmly; difficult to move or undo • 牢固的；紧的；不松动的；难解开的: »He kept a tight grip on her arm. 他紧紧握住她的胳膊。 »She twisted her hair into a tight knot. 她把头发紧紧地挽了个发髻。 »The screw was so tight that it wouldn't move. 螺丝钉太紧,拧不开。 ›› CLOTHES 衣服 2. fitting closely to your body and sometimes uncomfortable • 紧身的；紧贴的: »She was wearing a tight pair of jeans. 她穿着一条紧身牛仔裤。 »These shoes are much too tight. 这双鞋太紧了。 »The new sweater was a tight fit. 这件新毛衣很贴身。 【OPP】loose --› see alsoskintight ›› CONTROL 控制 3. very strict and firm • 严密的；严格的；严厉的: »to keep tight control over sth 对某事严加控制 »We need tighter security at the airport. 我们需要在机场实行更加严密的安全措施。 ›› STRETCHED 拉伸 4. stretched or pulled so that it cannot stretch much further • 拉紧的；绷紧的: »The rope was stretched tight. 这绳子拉得很紧。 ›› CLOSE TOGETHER 紧密靠拢 5. [usually before noun] with things or people packed closely together, leaving little space between them • 装紧的；密集的；挤满的: »There was a tight group of people around the speaker. 演讲人周围严严实实地挤了一群人。 »With six of us in the car it was a tight squeeze. 小轿车里坐了我们六个人,挤得很。 ›› MONEY / TIME 金钱；时间 6. difficult to manage with because there is not enough • 紧的；拮据的；不宽裕的: »We have a very tight budget. 我们的预算很紧。 »The president has a tight schedule today. 总统今天的日程排满了。 ›› EXPRESSION / VOICE 表情；嗓音 7. looking or sounding anxious, upset, angry, etc. • 显得紧张的；忐忑不安的；生气的: »'I'm sorry,' she said, with a tight smile. "对不起。"她勉强一笑说。 --› see alsouptight ›› PART OF BODY 身体部位 8. feeling painful or uncomfortable because of illness or emotion • (由于疾病或情感)疼痛的,不适的,憋气的 【SYN】constricted: »He complained of having a tight chest. 他主诉胸部憋闷。 »Her throat felt tight, just looking at her baby. 她喉咙哽咽得说不出话来,只是看着她的婴儿。 ›› RELATIONSHIP 关系 9. having a close relationship with sb else or with other people • 亲密的；紧密的；密切的: »It was a tight community and newcomers were not welcome. 这个社区很团结,不欢迎新来的人。 --› see alsotight-knit ›› BEND / CURVE 弯曲；曲线 10. curving suddenly rather than gradually • 急转的；陡的: »The driver slowed down at a tight bend in the road. 驾驶员在道路急转弯处慢了下来。 »The plane flew around in a tight circle. 飞机绕着小圈盘旋。 ›› CONTEST / RACE 竞赛；赛跑 11. with runners, teams, etc. that seem to be equally good • 势均力敌的；不相上下的；旗鼓相当的 【SYN】close: »a tight race 势均力敌的赛跑 ›› NOT GENEROUS 不慷慨 12. (informal, disapproving) not wanting to spend much money; not generous • 小气的；吝啬的；不大方的 【SYN】mean: »He's very tight with his money. 他花钱很抠门儿。 ›› DRUNK 喝醉 13. [not usually before noun] (old-fashioned, informal) drunk • 喝醉；醉醺醺 【SYN】tipsy ›› -TIGHT 密封 14. (in compounds 构成复合词) not allowing the substance mentioned to enter • 不漏…的；不透…的；防…的: »measures to make your home weathertight 使你家防风雨的措施 --› see alsoairtight,watertight(1) ♦ tight∙ness noun [U]
【IDIOMS】
◘ to keep a tight 'rein on sb / sth • to control sb / sth carefully or strictly • 对…严加控制(或约束)；牢牢驾驭 ◘ run a tight 'ship • to organize sth in a very efficient way, controlling other people very closely • 管理有方；严加控制 ◘ a tight 'spot / 'corner • a very difficult or dangerous situation • 困境；险境◙ adv. • (tight∙er, tight∙est) closely and firmly; tightly • 紧紧地；牢固地: »Hold tight ! 抓紧了！ »My suitcase was packed tight. 我的衣箱塞得满满的。 »His fists were clenched tight. 他紧握双拳。 --› more atsit,sleepv.
op∙pose / əˈpəuz; NAme əˈpouz / ◙ verb 1. to disagree strongly with sb's plan, policy, etc. and try to change it or prevent it from succeeding • 反对(计划、政策等)；抵制；阻挠: ▪ [VN] »This party would bitterly oppose the re-introduction of the death penalty. 本党会强烈反对恢复死刑。 »He threw all those that opposed him into prison. 他把所有反对他的人都投进了监狱。 ▪ [V -ing] »I would oppose changing the law. 我将反对改变这个法规。 ▪ [also VN -ing] --› comparepropose(4) 2. [VN] to compete with sb in a contest • (在竞赛中)与…对垒,与…角逐: »He intends to oppose the prime minister in the leadership election. 在领导层选举中,他欲与首相一决高下。
valid / ˈvælid / ◙ adj. 1. that is legally or officially acceptable • (法律上)有效的；(正式)认可的: »a valid passport 有效的护照 »a bus pass valid for 1 month 公共汽车月票 »They have a valid claim to compensation. 他们有要求赔偿的合法权利。 2. based on what is logical or true • 符合逻辑的；合理的；有根据的；确凿的: »She had valid reasons for not supporting the proposals. 她有充分的理由不支持这些建议。 »The point you make is perfectly valid. 你提出的论点完全站得住脚。 3. (computing 计) that is accepted by the system • 有效的；系统认可的: »a valid password 有效密码 【OPP】invalid ♦ val∙id∙ly adv.: »The contract had been validly drawn up. 这份合同已依据法律草拟妥当。
cir∙cum∙stance / ˈsə:kəmstəns; -stɑ:ns; -stæns; NAmE ˈsə:rkəmstæns / ◙ noun 1. [C, usually pl.] the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action • 条件；环境；状况: »The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances. 本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。 »changing social and political circumstances 正在变化的社会和政治环境 »I know I can trust her in any circumstance. 我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。 »Police said there were no suspicious circumstances surrounding the boy's death. 警方说关于男孩死亡一事没有发现可疑的情况。 »The ship sank in mysterious circumstances. 那艘船神秘地沉没了。 »She never discovered the true circumstances of her birth. 她从未弄清她身世的真相。 --› note atsituation 2. circumstances [pl.] the conditions of a person's life, especially the money they have • 境况；境遇；(尤指)经济状况: »Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances. 补助金根据经济状况发给。 »family / domestic / personal circumstances 家庭/个人经济状况 3. [U] (formal) situations and events that affect and influence your life and that are not in your control • 命运；客观环境: »a victim of circumstance (= a person who has suffered because of a situation that they cannot control) 客观环境的牺牲品 »He had to leave the country through force of circumstance (= events made it necessary). 为势所迫,他不得不离开这个国家。
【IDIOMS】
◘ in / under the 'circumstances • used before or after a statement to show that you have thought about the conditions that affect a situation before making a decision or a statement • 在这种情况下；既然如此: »Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 在这种情况下,不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。 »She did the job very well in the circumstances. 她在那种情况下仍把工作干得很出色。 ◘ in / under no circumstances • used to emphasize that sth should never happen or be allowed • 决不；无论如何不: »Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 你无论如何都不能借钱给保罗。 »Don't open the door, in any circumstances. 在任何情况下都不要开门。 --› more atpomp,reducemere∙ly / ˈmiəli; NAme ˈmirli / ◙ adv. • used meaning 'only' or 'simply' to emphasize a fact or sth that you are saying • 仅仅；只不过: »It is not merely a job, but a way of life. 这不仅仅是一份工作,而且是一种生活方式。 »He said nothing, merely smiled and watched her. 他什么也没说,只是微笑着看着她。 »They agreed to go merely because they were getting paid for it. 他们同意去只是因为他们会得到酬劳。 »I'm merely stating what everybody knows anyway. 我说的不过是些老生常谈。
dial / ˈdaiəl / ◙ noun 1. the face of a clock or watch, or a similar control on a machine, piece of equipment or vehicle that shows a measurement of time, amount, speed, temperature, etc. • 表盘；刻度盘；标度盘；仪表盘: »an alarm clock with a luminous dial 夜光闹钟 »Check the tyre pressure on the dial. 检查一下仪表盘显示的车胎压力。 --› see alsosundial 2. the round control on a radio, cooker / stove, etc. that you turn in order to adjust sth, for example to choose a particular station or to choose a particular temperature • (收音机、炉、灶等的)调节盘,控制盘 3. the round part on some older telephones, with holes for the fingers, that you move around to call a particular number • (旧式电话机的)拨号盘◙ verb • (-ll-,NAmE -l-) to use a telephone by pushing buttons or turning thedialto call a number • 拨(电话号码): ▪ [VN] »He dialled the number and waited. 他拨号后便等着通话。 »Dial 0033 for France. 打电话到法国拨 0033。 ▪ [also V] typ∙ical / ˈtipikl / ◙ adj. 1. ~ (of sb / sth) having the usual qualities or features of a particular type of person, thing or group • 典型的；有代表性的 【SYN】representative: »a typical Italian cafe 典型的意大利式小餐馆 »This is a typical example of Roman pottery. 这是一件典型的罗马瓷器。 »This meal is typical of local cookery. 这是有当地风味的饭菜。 »The weather at the moment is not typical for July. 现在的天气并不是七月份常有的。 【OPP】atypical 2. happening in the usual way; showing what sth is usually like • 一贯的；平常的 【SYN】normal: »A typical working day for me begins at 7.30. 我的工作日一般在 7:30 开始。 【OPP】untypical 3. ~ (of sb / sth) (often disapproving) behaving in the way that you expect • 不出所料；特有的: »It was typical of her to forget. 她这个人就是爱忘事。 »He spoke with typical enthusiasm. 他以其特有的热情讲话。 »(informal) She's late again—typical! 她又迟到了,一贯如此！
'text message (also text) ◙ noun • a written message that you send using a mobile / cellular phone • (手机)短信息； 简讯: »Send a text message to this number to vote. 请发短信到此号码参加投票。 ♦ 'text-message (also text) verb ▪ [VN] »I text-messaged him to say we were waiting in the pub. 我发短信告诉他我们在酒吧里等候。 ▪ [also V] ♦ 'text-messaging (also text∙ing) noun [U] shal∙low / ˈʃæləu; NAme -lou / ◙ adj. (shal∙low∙er, shal∙low∙est) 1. not having much distance between the top or surface and the bottom • 浅的: »a shallow dish 浅盘 »They were playing in the shallow end (= of the swimming pool). 他们在游泳池的浅水区玩耍。 »These fish are found in shallow waters around the coast. 这些鱼生长在海边浅水水域。 【OPP】deep 2. (disapproving) (of a person, an idea, a comment, etc. 人、观点、评论等) not showing serious thought, feelings, etc. about sth • 肤浅的；浅薄的 【SYN】superficial 3. shallow breathing involves taking in only a small amount of air each time • (呼吸)浅的,弱的 ♦ shal∙low∙ly adv.: »He was breathing shallowly. 他呼吸短促。 ♦ shal∙low∙ness noun [U] sac∙ri∙fice / ˈsækrifais / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] the fact of giving up sth important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth that seems more important; sth that you give up in this way • 牺牲；舍弃: »The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。 »Her parents made sacrifices so that she could have a good education. 为了让她受良好的教育,她的父母作了很多牺牲。 »to make the final / supreme sacrifice (= to die for your country, to save a friend, etc.) 牺牲生命 2. ~ (to sb) [C, U] the act of offering sth to a god, especially an animal that has been killed in a special way; an animal, etc. that is offered in this way • 祭献；祭祀；祭献的牲畜；祭品: »They offered sacrifices to the gods. 他们向众神献上祭品。 »a human sacrifice (= a person killed as asacrifice) 用作祭品的人 ◙ verb 1. [VN] ~ sth (for sb / sth) to give up sth that is important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth that seems more important for yourself or for another person • 牺牲；献出: »She sacrificed everything for her children. 她为子女牺牲了一切。 »The designers have sacrificed speed for fuel economy. 设计者为节省燃料牺牲了速度。 »Would you sacrifice a football game to go out with a girl? 你愿意放弃一场足球赛,去跟一个女孩子约会吗？ 2. [VN V] to kill an animal or a person and offer it or them to a god, in order to please the god • 以(人或动物)作祭献
stable / ˈsteibl / ◙ adj. 1. firmly fixed; not likely to move, change or fail • 稳定的；稳固的；牢固的 【SYN】steady: »stable prices 稳定的价格 »a stable relationship 稳定的关系 »This ladder doesn't seem very stable. 这架梯子好像不太稳。 »The patient's condition is stable (= it is not getting worse). 患者病情稳定。 2. (of a person 人) calm and reasonable; not easily upset • 稳重的；沉稳的；持重的 【SYN】balanced: »Mentally, she is not very stable. 她的心理状态不十分稳定。 3. (technical 术语) (of a substance 物质) staying in the same chemical oratomicstate • (化学状态或原子状态)稳定的: »chemically stable 化学状态稳定的 【OPP】unstable ♦ sta∙bly / ˈsteibli / adv.◙ noun 1. [C] a building in which horses are kept • 马廐 2. (BrE also stables) [C + sing. / pl. v.] an organization that keeps horses for a particular purpose • (养马作特定用途的)养马场；马房: »(BrE) a riding / racing stables 骑用/赛马养马场 »His stables are near Oxford. 他的养马场在牛津附近。 3. [C] a group ofracehorsesowned or trained by the same person • 统称某人拥有(或训练的)赛马: »There have been just three winners from his stable this season. 这个赛季他的马只有三匹获胜。 4. [sing.] a group of people who work or trained in the same place; a group of products made by the same company • (在同一地方工作或训练的)一批人；(同一公司生产的)系列产品: »actors from the same stable 同一剧团的几个男演员 »the latest printer from the Epson stable 爱普生系列最新款式打印机 ◙ verb [VN] • to put or keep a horse in a stable • 使(马)入廐；把(马)拴在马廐: »Where do you stable your pony? 你的矮种马养在哪儿？
dust∙bin / ˈdʌstbin / (BrE) (NAmE 'garbage can,'trash can) ◙ noun • a large container with a lid, used for putting rubbish / garbage in, usually kept outside the house • (常置于房外的)垃圾桶,垃圾箱 --› note atrubbishrid / rid / ◙ verb (rid∙ding, rid, rid)
【IDIOMS】
◘ be 'rid of sb / sth •(formal) to be free of sb / sth that has been annoying you or that you do not want • 摆脱: »She wanted to be rid of her parents and their authority. 她想摆脱父母及其权威的束缚。 »I was glad to be rid of the car when I finally sold it. 把车卖掉时,我很庆幸终于脱手了。 »(BrE) He was a nuisance and we're all well rid of him (= we'll be much better without him). 他这人很讨厌,没有他我们都会舒服得多。 ◘ get 'rid of sb / sth • to make yourself free of sb / sth that is annoying you or that you do not want; to throw sth away • 摆脱；丢弃；扔掉: »Try and get rid of your visitors before I get there. 在我到达之前,想办法把你的客人打发走。 »The problem is getting rid of nuclear waste. 问题是如何处理核废料。 »I can't get rid of this headache. 我这头疼老也不好。 »We got rid of all the old furniture. 我们扔掉了所有的旧家具。 --› more atwantv.
【PHR V】
◘ 'rid sb / sth of sb / sth (formal) • to remove sth that is causing a problem from a place, group, etc. • 去除；清除: »Further measures will be taken to rid our streets of crime. 将采取进一步的措施来防止街头犯罪。 ◘ 'rid yourself of sb / sth (formal) • to make yourself free from sb / sth that is annoying you or causing you a problem • 摆脱；从…中解脱: »to rid yourself of guilt 摆脱内疚 »He wanted to rid himself of the burden of the secret. 他想把秘密说出来,让自己得到解脱。