m7u3
brand / brænd /
◙ noun
1. a type of product made by a particular company
• 品牌:
»Which brand of toothpaste do you use?
你用什么牌子的牙膏？
»(BrE) You pay less for the supermarket's own brand.
超市自己品牌的东西要便宜些。
»(NAmE) You pay less for the store brand.
商店品牌的东西要便宜些。
»brand loyalty (= the tendency of customers to continue buying the same brand)
品牌忠诚(顾客购买同一牌子商品的倾向)
»Champagne houses owe their success to brand image.
香槟公司的成功在于他们的品牌形象。
»the leading brand of detergent
一流品牌的洗涤剂
--› see also own-brand
2. a particular type or kind of sth
• 类型:
»an unorthodox brand of humour
别具一格的幽默
3. a mark made with a piece of hot metal, especially on farm animals to show who owns them
• 烙印(尤指农场牲畜身上表示所属的印记)
◙ verb [often passive]
1. ~ sb (as) sth to describe sb as being sth bad or unpleasant, especially unfairly
• (尤指不公正地)丑化(某人),败坏(某人)名声:
▪ [VN]
»They were branded as liars and cheats.
他们被说成是说谎者和骗子。
▪ [VN-N]
»The newspapers branded her a hypocrite.
报章指她是伪君子。
▪ [also VN-ADJ]
2. [VN] ~ sth (with sth) to mark an animal with a brand n. (3)to show who owns it
• 给(牲畜)打烙印
source / sɔ:s; NAme sɔ:rs /
◙ noun
1. a place, person or thing that you get sth from
• 来源；出处:
»renewable energy sources
可再生能源
»Your local library will be a useful source of information.
你们当地的图书馆就是很好的资料来源。
»What is their main source of income?
他们的主要收入来源是什么？
2. [usually pl.] a person, book or document that provides information, especially for study, a piece of written work or news
• 信息来源；原始资料:
»He refused to name his sources.
他拒绝说出消息的来源。
»Government sources indicated yesterday that cuts may have to be made.
政府方面昨天透露,削减可能势在必行。
»source material
原始资料
»Historians use a wide range of primary and secondary sources for their research.
历史学家在研究中使用大量的原始资料和二手资料。
3. a person or thing that causes sth, especially a problem
• 起源；根源；原因:
»a source of violence
暴力的根源
»a source of confusion
困惑的缘由
4. the place where a river or stream starts
• 源头；发源地:
»the source of the Nile
尼罗河的发源地 【IDIOMS】
◘ at 'source
• at the place or the point that sth comes from or begins
• 在源头；从一开始:
»Is your salary taxed at source (= by your employer) ?
你领的是税后工资吗？
◙ verb [VN]
• [often passive] ~ sth (from...) (business 商) to get sth from a particular place
• (从…)获得:
»We source all the meat sold in our stores from British farms.
我们商店里卖的肉均从英国农场购进。
--› see also outsource
click / klik /
◙ verb
1. to make or cause sth to make a short sharp sound
• 使发出咔哒声；使咔哒(或咔嚓)响:
▪ [V]
»The cameras clicked away.
照相机咔嚓咔嚓地不停拍照。
»The bolt clicked into place.
门闩咔哒一声插上了。
▪ [V-ADJ]
»The door clicked shut.
门咔哒一声关上了。
▪ [VN]
»He clicked his fingers at the waiter.
他冲服务员打了个响指。
»Polly clicked her tongue in annoyance.
波利烦恼地用舌头发出啧啧声。
2. ~ (on sth) to choose a particular function or item on a computer screen, etc., by pressing one of the buttons on a mouse
• (在计算机荧光屏上用鼠标器)咔嗒一按,单击:
▪ [VN]
»Click the OK button to start.
单击 OK 按钮启动。
▪ [V]
»I clicked on the link to the next page of the website.
我单击链接好翻到网站的下一页。
»To run a window, just double-click on the icon.
要运行视窗,只需双击图标即可。
--› see also double-click
3. [V] (informal) to suddenly become clear or understood
• 突然明白；恍然大悟；茅塞顿开:
»Suddenly it clicked —we'd been talking about different people.
我们突然领悟到原来我们谈论的不是同一个人。
»It all clicked into place.
一切都豁然开朗。
4. [V] (informal) to become friends with sb at once; to become popular with sb
• (与某人)顷刻成为朋友；受(某人)的欢迎:
»We met at a party and clicked immediately.
我们在聚会上相识,一见如故。
»He's never really clicked with his students.
他从未真正受到过他学生的欢迎。
5. [V] (informal) to work well together
• 配合默契；运作协调:
»The team don't seem to have clicked yet.
这支队伍好像还没有配合默契。 【PHR V】
◘ ˌclick 'through (to sth)
• to visit a website by clicking on an electronic link or advertisement on another web page
• 点击,点进,点通(网站)
◙ noun
1. a short sharp sound
• 短而尖的声音；咔哒声:
»The door closed with a click.
门咔哒一声关上了。
2. the act of pressing the button on a computer mouse
• (对计算机鼠标器的)点按,单击
3. (phonetics 语音) a speech sound made by pressing the tongue against the top of the mouth or the part of the mouth behind the upper front teeth, then releasing it quickly, causing air to be sucked in. Clicks are found especially in southern African languages.
• (尤见于非洲南部某些语言的)吸气音:
»click languages
有吸气音的语言
abun∙dant / əˈbʌndənt /
◙ adj.
• (formal)existing in large quantities; more than enough
• 大量的；丰盛的；充裕的
【SYN】 plentiful :
»Fish are abundant in the lake.
湖里鱼很多。
»We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt.
我们有充分的证据证明他有罪。
com∙mand / kəˈmɑ:nd; NAmE kəˈmænd /
◙ noun
›› ORDER 命令
1. [C] an order given to a person or an animal
• (给人或动物的)命令:
»Begin when I give the command.
我发出命令时开始。
»You must obey the captain's commands.
你必须服从船长的命令。
›› FOR COMPUTER 计算机
2. [C] an instruction given to a computer
• 指令；命令
›› CONTROL 控制
3. [U] control and authority over a situation or a group of people
• 控制；管辖；指挥:
»He has 1 200 men under his command.
他掌管着 1 200 人。
»He has command of 1 200 men.
有 1 200 人由他管辖。
»The police arrived and took command of the situation.
警察到达后就控制了局势。
»For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.
多少年来第一次,她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。
»He looked relaxed and totally in command of himself.
他看起来很轻松,有绝对的自信完全能控制住自己。
»Who is in command here?
这里谁负责？
--› see also second in command
›› IN ARMY 军队
4. Command [C] a part of an army, air force , etc. that is organized and controlled separately; a group of officers who give orders
• (陆军、空军等的)兵团,军区,指挥部,司令部:
»Bomber Command
轰炸机组的指挥部
›› KNOWLEDGE 知识
5. [U, sing.] ~ (of sth) your knowledge of sth; your ability to do or use sth, especially a language
• 知识；(尤指对语言的)掌握,运用能力:
»Applicants will be expected to have (a) good command of English.
申请人必须精通英语。 【IDIOMS】
◘ at your com'mand
• if you have a skill or an amount of sth at your command, you are able to use it well and completely
• 可自由使用；可支配
◘ be at sb's com'mand
•(formal) to be ready to obey sb
• 听候某人的吩咐；服从某人的支配:
»I'm at your command—what would you like me to do?
我听从您的吩咐——您要我做什么？
--› more at wish n.
◙ verb
›› ORDER 命令
1. (of sb in a position of authority 掌权者) to tell sb to do sth
• 命令
【SYN】 order :
▪ [VN to inf]
»He commanded his men to retreat.
他命令手下撤退。
▪ [VN]
»She commanded the release of the prisoners.
她下令释放囚犯。
▪ [V that]
»(formal) The commission intervened and commanded that work on the building cease.
委员会进行了干预,下令那栋大楼必须停建。 (BrE also)
»The commission commanded that work on the building should cease.
委员会下令那栋大楼必须停建。
▪ [also V speech VN speech V]
›› IN ARMY 军队
2. to be in charge of a group of people in the army, navy, etc.
• 指挥,统率(陆军、海军等):
▪ [VN]
»The troops were commanded by General Haig.
这些部队由黑格将军统率。
▪ [also V]
›› DESERVE AND GET 应得
3. [VN] [no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to deserve and get sth because of the special qualities you have
• 应得；博得；值得:
»to command sympathy / support
值得同情/支持
»She was able to command the respect of the class.
她赢得了全班的尊敬。
»The headlines commanded her attention.
那些标题引起了她的注意。
»As a top lawyer, he can expect to command a six-figure salary.
作为首屈一指的律师,他可望拿到六位数的薪资。
›› VIEW 视野
4. [VN] [no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (formal) to be in a position from where you can see or control sth
• 居高临下；俯瞰:
»The hotel commands a fine view of the valley.
从这家旅馆俯瞰下面的峡谷一览无余。
›› CONTROL 控制
5. [VN] [no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (formal) to have control of sth; to have sth available for use
• 控制；拥有…可供使用；掌管:
»The party was no longer able to command a majority in Parliament.
该党已不再能够在国会中占有多数。
»the power and finances commanded by the police
警方掌握的权力和资金
claim / kleim /
◙ verb
›› SAY STH IS TRUE 表示真实性
1. to say that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it
• 宣称；声称；断言:
▪ [V (that)]
»He claims (that) he was not given a fair hearing.
他声称他未得到公正的申述机会。
▪ [V to inf]
»I don't claim to be an expert.
我不敢自称为专家。
▪ [VN]
»Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
科学家们宣称攻克癌症已有重大的突破。
▪ [VN that]
»It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.
据说有些医生每周工作 80 小时。
▪ [also V speech VN to inf]
›› DEMAND LEGAL RIGHT 要求合法权利
2. [VN] to demand or ask for sth because you believe it is your legal right to own or to have it
• 要求(拥有)；索取；认领:
»A lot of lost property is never claimed.
许多失物从未被认领。
»He claimed political asylum.
他要求政治避难。
›› MONEY 金钱
3. to ask for money from the government or a company because you have a right to it
• 索要；索取:
▪ [VN]
»He's not entitled to claim unemployment benefit.
他无权要求领取失业救济金。
»She claimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered.
她因受伤向公司要求获得损害赔偿金。
»You could have claimed the cost of the hotel room from your insurance.
你本可以从你的保险中索取旅馆住房费。
▪ [V]
»You can claim on your insurance for that coat you left on the train.
你可按你的保险索赔你遗忘在火车上的大衣。
›› ATTENTION / THOUGHT 注意；思考
4. [VN] to get or take sb's attention
• 引起注意:
»A most unwelcome event claimed his attention.
一件最讨厌的事情需要他去考虑。
›› GAIN / WIN 获得；赢得
5. [VN] to gain, win or achieve sth
• 获得；赢得；取得:
»She has finally claimed a place on the team.
她终于成了那支队的队员。
›› CAUSE DEATH 导致死亡
6. [VN] (of a disaster, an accident, etc. 灾难、事故等) to cause sb's death
• 夺走,夺去(生命):
»The car crash claimed seven lives.
那次撞车事故导致三人死亡。 【PHR V】
◘ ˌclaim sth∽'back
• to ask or demand to have sth returned because you have a right to it
• 索回；要回:
»You can claim back the tax on your purchases.
你可以要求退回购物时缴纳的税款。
◙ noun
›› SAYING STH IS TRUE 表示真实
1. [C] ~ (that...) a statement that sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not agree with or believe it
• 声明；宣称；断言:
»The singer has denied the magazine's claim that she is leaving the band.
这名歌手已否认那家杂志有关她要离开乐队的说法。
›› LEGAL RIGHT 合法权利
2. [C, U] ~ (on / to sth) a right that sb believes they have to sth, especially property, land, etc.
• (尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的)所有权:
»They had no claim on the land.
他们无权索要那块土地。
»She has more claim to the book's success than anybody (= she deserves to be praised for it).
她为这本书的成功立了头功。
›› FOR MONEY 钱款
3. [C] ~ (for sth) a request for a sum of money that you believe you have a right to, especially from a company, the government, etc.
• (尤指向公司、政府等)索款,索赔:
»You can make a claim on your insurance policy.
你可按保险单索赔。
»to put in a claim for an allowance
提出领取津贴的要求
»a claim for £2 000
要求 2 000 英镑的索赔
»Make sure your claims for expenses are submitted by the end of the month.
你的费用一定要在月底以前办理报销。
»a seven per cent pay claim
提高工资百分之三的要求
»Complete a claim form (= an official document which you must use in order to request money from an organization).
填写索赔表格。 【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌclaim to 'fame
•(often humorous) one thing that makes a person or place important or interesting
• 一举出名的事；成名的一件事:
»His main claim to fame is that he went to school with the Prime Minister.
他的出名主要是因为他曾经是首相的中学同学。
◘ have a claim on sb
• to have the right to demand time, attention, etc. from sb
• 对某人有…的要求权
◘ lay claim to sth
• to state that you have a right to own sth
• 声称对…的拥有权；提出对…的所有权
◘ make no claim
• used when you are saying that you cannot do sth
• (表示不能做某事)自认为不:
»I make no claim to understand modern art.
我自认为不懂现代艺术。
--› more at stake v.
as∙sump∙tion / əˈsʌmpʃn /
◙ noun
1. [C] a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen, although there is no proof
• 假定；假设:
»an underlying / implicit assumption
设想；含蓄的假定
»We need to challenge some of the basic assumptions of Western philosophy.
我们有必要向西方哲学的某些基本假设提出质疑。
»We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.
我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席并正就此作出安排。
»It was impossible to make assumptions about people's reactions.
臆断人们的反应是不可能的。
»His actions were based on a false assumption.
他的行为基于错误的设想。
2. [C, U] ~ of sth (formal) the act of taking or beginning to have power or responsibility
• (责任的)承担；担任；(权力的)获得:
»their assumption of power / control
他们的取得权力/控制
stat∙is∙tic / stəˈtistik /
◙ noun
1. statistics (also informal stats) [pl.] a collection of information shown in numbers
• 统计数字；统计资料:
»crime / unemployment, etc. statistics
犯罪、失业等统计资料
»According to official statistics the disease killed over 500 people.
根据官方的统计数字,500 多人死于这种疾病。
»Statistics show that far more people are able to ride a bicycle than can drive a car.
统计资料表明,会骑自行车的人比会开汽车的人多得多。
»These statistics are misleading.
这些统计资料会引起误解。
--› see also vital statistics
2. statistics (also informal stats) [U] the science of collecting and analysing statistics
• 统计学:
»There is a compulsory course in statistics.
有一门统计学的必修课。
3. [C] a piece of information shown in numbers
• (一项)统计数据:
»An important statistic is that 94 per cent of crime relates to property.
一个重要数据是 94% 的犯罪同财产有关。
»I felt I was no longer being treated as a person but as a statistic.
我感觉我不再被看作人,而被看作一个统计数字了。
♦ stat∙is∙tic∙al / stəˈtistikl / adj.:
»statistical analysis
统计分析
♦ stat∙is∙tic∙al∙ly / -kli / adv.:
»The difference between the ten samples was not statistically significant.
在统计学的意义上,这两个样品没有显着的差异。
bond / bɔnd; NAmE bɑ:nd /
◙ noun
›› STRONG CONNECTION 牢固的联系
1. [C] ~ (between A and B) something that forms a connection between people or groups, such as a feeling of friendship or shared ideas and experiences
• 纽带；联系；关系；契合:
»A bond of friendship had been forged between them.
他们之间形成了一种友谊的纽带。
»The agreement strengthened the bonds between the two countries.
协议加强了两国间的联系。
»the special bond between mother and child
母子间的独特关系
›› MONEY 钱
2. [C] an agreement by a government or a company to pay you interest on the money you have lent; a document containing this agreement
• 债券；公债
--› see also junk bond
3. [U] (law 律) (especially NAmE) a sum of money that is paid as bail
• 保释金:
»He was released on $5 000 bond.
他以 5 000 元取保释放。
4. [C] (also 'mortgage bond) (SAfrE) a legal agreement by which a bank lends you money to buy a house, etc. which you pay back over many years; the sum of money that is lent
• 按揭贷款协议；按揭贷款:
»to pay off a bond
偿清按揭贷款
»We had to take out a second bond on the property.
我们得申请第二按揭以购买这个房产。
»bond rates (= of interest)
按揭贷款利率
›› ROPES / CHAINS 绳索；链条
5. bonds [pl.] (formal) the ropes or chains keeping sb prisoner; anything that stops you from being free to do what you want
• 捆绑犯人的绳索(或镣铐)；羁绊；桎梏:
»to release sb from their bonds
给某人脱去枷锁
»the bonds of oppression / injustice
压迫/不公正的枷锁
›› LEGAL AGREEMENT 法律协定
6. [C] (formal) a legal written agreement or promise
• 书面的法律协定(或承诺):
»We entered into a solemn bond.
我们缔结了一项严肃的协定。
›› JOIN 结合
7. [C] the way in which two things are joined together
• 连接；结合:
»a firm bond between the two surfaces
两个面之间的牢固接合
›› CHEMISTRY 化学
8. [C] the way in which atoms are held together in a chemical compound
• 键合；键【IDIOMS】
--› see word n.
◙ verb
›› JOIN FIRMLY 牢固地结合
1. ~ (A and B) (together) | ~ (A) to B to join two things firmly together; to join firmly to sth else
• 使牢固结合；把…紧紧地连接到:
▪ [VN]
»This new glue bonds a variety of surfaces in seconds.
这种新型胶水可迅速粘牢各种材质的面板。
»It cannot be used to bond wood to metal.
这不能把木料粘贴在金属上。
▪ [V]
»The atoms bond together to form a molecule.
原子结合形成分子。
›› DEVELOP RELATIONSHIP 发展关系
2. ~ (with sb) to develop or create a relationship of trust with sb
• 增强(与某人的)信任关系；建立(与某人的)互信关系:
»Mothers who are depressed sometimes fail to bond with their children.
长期抑郁的母亲有时无法和孩子建立亲子关系。
▪ [also VN]
di∙verse / daiˈvə:s; NAmE -ˈvə:rs /
◙ adj.
• very different from each other and of various kinds
• 不同的；相异的；多种多样的；形形色色的:
»people from diverse cultures
不同文化背景的人
»My interests are very diverse.
我的兴趣非常广泛。
cor∙res∙pond / ˌkɔrəˈspɔnd; NAmE ˌkɔ:rəˈspɑ:nd; ˌkɑ:- /
◙ verb [V]
1. ~ (to / with sth) to be the same as or match sth
• 相一致；符合
【SYN】 agree , tally :
»Your account of events does not correspond with hers.
你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。
»Your account and hers do not correspond.
你说的情况与她说的不相符。
»The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to (= is different from) what was actually said.
那次谈话的文字记录与原话不符。
2. ~ (to sth) to be similar to or the same as sth else
• 类似于；相当于
【SYN】 equivalent :
»The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly to the US Associate Professor.
英国的讲师职位大致相当于美国的副教授。
3. ~ (with sb) (formal) to write letters to sb and receive letters from them
• 通信
globe / ɡləub; NAmE ɡloub /
◙ noun
1. [C] an object shaped like a ball with a map of the world on its surface, usually on a stand so that it can be turned
• 地球仪
2. the globe [sing.] the world (used especially to emphasize its size)
• 地球,世界(尤用以强调其大):
»tourists from every corner of the globe
来自世界各地的游人
3. [C] a thing shaped like a ball
• 球体；球状物
av∙enue / ˈævənju:; NAmE -nu: /
◙ noun
1. (abbr. Ave., Av.) a street in a town or city
• (城镇的)大街:
»a hotel on Fifth Avenue
第五大街上的一家旅馆
2. (BrE) a wide straight road with trees on both sides, especially six leading to a big house
• 林荫道(尤指通往大住宅者)
3. a choice or way of making progress towards sth
• 选择；途径；手段:
»Several avenues are open to us.
有几个办法可以供我们选择。
»We will explore every avenue until we find an answer.
我们要探索一切途径,直到找到答案为止。
ad∙dress
◙ noun / əˈdres; NAmE ˈædres /
1. əɔ] details of where sb lives or works and where letters, etc. can be sent
• 住址；地址；通信处:
»What's your name and address ?
你的姓名、住址？
»I'll give you my address and phone number.
我会告诉你我的地址和电话号码。
»Is that your home address ?
这是你的住址吗？
»Please note my change of address.
请注意我的地址变了。
»Police found him at an address (= a house or flat / apartment) in West London.
警方在伦敦西区一处住所里找到了他。
»people of no fixed address (= with no permanent home)
没有固定居所的人
--› see also forwarding address
2. [C] (computing 计) a series of words and symbols that tells you where you can find sth using a computer, for example on the Internet
• (互联网等的)地址:
»What's your email address ?
你的电邮地址是什么？
»The project has a new website address.
这个项目有个新的网址。
3. [C] a formal speech that is made in front of an audience
• 演说；演讲:
»tonight's televised presidential address
今晚总统的电视演讲
--› note at speech
4. [U] form / mode of ~ the correct title, etc. to use when you talk to sb
• 称呼
◙ verb / əˈdres /
▪ əʒŋ]
1. əusually passive] ~ sth (to sb / sth) to write on an envelope, etc. the name and address of the person, company, etc. that you are sending it to by mail
• 写(收信人)姓名地址；致函:
»The letter was correctly addressed, but delivered to the wrong house.
信上的姓名地址写得都对,但被错投到另一家去了。
»Address your application to the Personnel Manager.
把你的申请信寄给人事经理。
--› compare readdress
--› see also sae , SASE
2. to make a formal speech to a group of people
• 演说；演讲:
»to address a meeting
在会议上发表演讲
3. ~ sb | ~ sth to sb (formal) to say sth directly to sb
• 向…说话:
»I was surprised when he addressed me in English.
他用英语跟我说话,我很诧异。
»Any questions should be addressed to your teacher.
任何问题都应该向你的老师求教。
4. ~ sb (as sth) to use a particular name or title for sb when you speak or write to them
• 称呼(某人)；冠以(某种称呼):
»The judge should be addressed as 'Your Honour'.
对法官应该称"法官大人"。
5. ~ (yourself to) sth (formal) to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it
• 设法解决；处理；对付:
»Your essay does not address the real issues.
你的论文没有论证实质问题。
»We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
我们必须设法解决交通污染问题。
evalu∙ate / iˈvæljueit /
◙ verb
• to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of sth after thinking about it carefully
• 估计；评价；评估
【SYN】 assess :
▪ [VN]
»Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.
我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。
▪ [V wh-]
»We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价。
♦ evalu∙ation / iˌvæljuˈeiʃn / noun [C, U] :
»an evaluation of the health care system
对保健制度的评价
♦ evalu∙ative / iˈvæljuətiv / adj.
ac∙cur∙acy / ˈækjərəsi /
◙ noun [U]
• the state of being exact or correct; the ability to do sth skilfully without making mistakes
• 准确(性)；精确(程度):
»They questioned the accuracy of the information in the file.
他们怀疑档案中信息的正确性。
»She hits the ball with great accuracy.
她击球十分准确。
【OPP】 inaccuracy
ˌup to 'date
◙ adj.
1. modern; fashionable
• 现代的；最新的；时髦的；新式的:
»This technology is bang up to date (= completely modern).
这项技术是最新式的。
»up-to-date clothes
时髦服装
»up-to-date equipment
最新的设备
2. having or including the most recent information
• 拥有(或包含)最新信息的:
»We are keeping up to date with the latest developments.
我们保持掌握最新的发展情况。
»up-to-date records
最新的记录
»She brought him up to date with what had happened.
她让他知道最新的情况。
--› see also out of date
weak∙ness / ˈwi:knəs /
◙ noun
1. [U] lack of strength, power or determination
• 软弱；虚弱；疲软；衰弱；懦弱:
»The sudden weakness in her legs made her stumble.
她突然两腿发软踉跄了一下。
»the weakness of the dollar against the pound
美元对英镑的疲软
»He thought that crying was a sign of weakness.
他认为哭是懦弱的表现。
【OPP】 strength
2. [C] a weak point in a system, sb's character, etc.
• (系统、性格等的)弱点,缺点,不足:
»It's important to know your own strengths and weaknesses.
了解自己的优缺点很重要。
»Can you spot the weakness in her argument?
你能指出她论点中的不足之处吗？
【SYN】 strength
3. [C, usually sing.] ~ (for sth / sb) difficulty in resisting sth / sb that you like very much
• (对人或事物的)迷恋,无法抗拒:
»He has a weakness for chocolate.
他爱吃巧克力。
false / fɔ:ls /
◙ adj.
›› NOT TRUE 不真实
1. wrong; not correct or true
• 错误的；不正确的；不真实的:
»A whale is a fish. True or false?
鲸鱼是鱼。对还是错？
»Predictions of an early improvement in the housing market proved false.
认为房屋市场很早就好转的预测结果证明是错误的。
»She gave false information to the insurance company.
她向保险公司提供了不真实的资料。
»He used a false name to get the job.
他用假名得到了这份工作。
›› NOT NATURAL 非天生
2. not natural
• 非天生的；人造的；假的
【SYN】 artificial :
»false teeth / eyelashes
假牙/睫毛
»a false beard
假胡子
--› note at artificial
›› NOT GENUINE 伪造
3. not genuine, but made to look real to cheat people
• 假的；伪造的:
»a false passport
假护照
›› NOT SINCERE 不真诚
4. (of people's behaviour 人的行为) not real or sincere
• 表里不一的；不真诚的:
»false modesty
假谦虚
»She flashed him a false smile of congratulation.
她向他虚情假意地微微一笑表示祝贺。
›› WRONG / MISTAKEN 错误
5. [usually before noun] wrong or mistaken, because it is based on sth that is not true or correct
• 错误的:
»a false argument / assumption / belief
错误的论据/假设/信念
»to give a false impression of wealth
给人以富有的假象
»to lull sb into a false sense of security (= make sb feel safe when they are really in danger)
哄某人产生虚假的安全感
»They didn't want to raise any false hopes, but they believed her husband had escaped capture.
他们并不想让人心存奢望,但是他们相信她的丈夫已逃脱追捕。
»Buying a cheap computer is a false economy (= will not actually save you money).
买廉价计算机是看似省钱,但其实并不划算。
›› NOT FAITHFUL 不忠实
6. (literary) (of people 人) not faithful
• 不忠实的；不忠诚的:
»a false lover
不忠诚的情人
♦ false∙ly adv.:
»to be falsely accused of sth
被诬告某事
»She smiled falsely at his joke.
她听了他的笑话假装笑了。 【IDIOMS】
◘ by / under / on false pre'tences
• by pretending to be sth that you are not, in order to gain some advantage for yourself
• 靠欺诈手段；以虚假的藉口:
»She was accused of obtaining money under false pretences.
她被控诈骗钱财。
--› more at ring ² v.
edu∙ca∙tor / ˈedʒukeitə(r) /
◙ noun (formal)
1. a person whose job is to teach or educate people
• 教育工作者；教师:
»adult educators (= who teach adults)
成人教育教师
2. (especially NAmE) a person who is an expert in the theories and methods of education
• 教育学家；教育家
--› see also educationalist
ref∙er∙ence / ˈrefrəns /
◙ noun
›› MENTIONING SB / STH 提及
1. [C, U] ~ (to sb / sth) a thing you say or write that mentions sb / sth else; the act of mentioning sb / sth
• 说到(或写到)的事；提到；谈及；涉及:
»The book is full of references to growing up in India.
这本书谈到许多在印度怎样长大成人的事。
»She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.
她没有提到她的病,只说了说她未来的计划。
»the President's passing reference to (= brief mention of) the end of the war
总统对战争的结束一语带过
›› LOOKING FOR INFORMATION 查询信息
2. [U] the act of looking at sth for information
• 参考；查询；查阅:
»Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference.
把电话号码表放在电话旁边,方便查找。
»I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference (= because it might be useful in the future).
我记下了这家酒店的名字,以后也许用得着。
»The library contains many popular works of reference (= reference books).
这家图书馆藏有许多常用的参考书。
›› ASKING FOR ADVICE 征求意见
3. [U] ~ (to sb / sth) (formal) the act of asking sb for help or advice
• (帮助或意见的)征求,征询:
»The emergency nurse can treat minor injuries without reference to a doctor.
急救护士不必征求医生的意见就可处理轻伤。
›› NUMBER / WORD / SYMBOL 数字；文字；符号
4. [C] (abbr. ref.) a number, word or symbol that shows where sth is on a map, or where you can find a piece of information
• (为方便查询所用的)标记,标识,编号:
»The map reference is Y4.
地图编号为 Y4。
»Please quote your reference number when making an enquiry.
查询时请报出编号。
›› FOR NEW JOB 找工作
5. [C] a letter written by sb who knows you, giving information about your character and abilities, especially to a new employer
• 推荐信；介绍信:
»We will take up references after the interview.
我们在面试之后收推荐信。
6. [C] a person who agrees to write a reference for you, for example when you are applying for a job
• 推荐人；介绍人
【SYN】 referee :
»My previous boss will act as a reference for me.
我的前任上司将做我的推荐人。
›› IN BOOK 书籍
7. [C] a note in a book that tells you where a particular piece of information comes from
• 参考书目:
»There is a list of references at the end of each chapter.
每一章的后面都有一组参考书目。
--› see also cross reference , frame of reference , terms of reference 【IDIOMS】
◘ in / with reference to
• (formal) used to say what you are talking or writing about
• (所述内容)关于:
»With reference to your letter of July 22...
关于你 7 月 22 日的来信…
◙ verb [VN]
• (formal) to refer to sth; to provide a book, etc. with references
• 查阅；参考；给(书等)附参考资料:
»Each chapter is referenced, citing literature up to 2004.
每一章都附有参考书目,引用文献近至 2004 年。
booth / bu:ð; NAmE bu:θ /
◙ noun
1. a small confined place where you can do sth privately, for example make a telephone call, or vote
• 不受干扰的划定空间(如电话亭、投票间等):
»a phone booth
电话亭
»a polling / voting booth
投票间
--› see also photo booth , tollbooth
2. a small tent or temporary structure at a market, an exhibition or a fairground , where you can buy things, get information or watch sth
• 临时货摊(或放映棚等)
3. a place to sit in a restaurant which consists of two long seats with a table between them
• (餐馆中的)火车座,卡座
with∙draw / wiðˈdrɔ:; wiθˈd- /
◙ verb (with∙drew / -ˈdru: / , with∙drawn / -ˈdrɔ:n / )
1. ~ (sb / sth) (from sth) to move back or away from a place or situation; to make sb / sth do this
• (使)撤回,撤离
【SYN】 pull out :
▪ [V]
»Government troops were forced to withdraw.
政府部队被迫撤走了。
▪ [VN]
»Both powers withdrew their forces from the region.
两个大国都把部队撤离了这个地区。
»She withdrew her hand from his.
她把手从他的手里抽了回来。
2. [VN] ~ sth (from sth) to stop giving or offering sth to sb
• 停止提供；不再给予:
»Workers have threatened to withdraw their labour (= go on strike).
工人扬言要罢工。
»The drug was withdrawn from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.
这药因许多人服后产生严重副作用而被停止销售。
»He withdrew his support for our campaign.
他停止了对我们运动的支持。
3. ~ (sb / sth) (from sth) to stop taking part in an activity or being a member of an organization; to stop sb / sth from doing these things
• (使)退出:
▪ [V]
»There have been calls for Britain to withdraw from the EU.
一直有人要求英国退出欧盟。
▪ [VN]
»The horse had been withdrawn from the race.
那匹马被停赛了。
4. [VN] to take money out of a bank account
• 提,取(银行账户中的款):
»I'd like to withdraw £250 please.
劳驾,我想提取 250 英镑。
5. [VN] (formal) to say that you no longer believe that sth you previously said is true
• 收回,撤回,撤销(说过的话)
【SYN】 retract :
»The newspaper withdrew the allegations the next day.
这家报纸第二天收回了这些说法。
6. [V] ~ (from sth) (into sth) to become quieter and spend less time with other people
• 脱离(社会)；不与人交往:
»She's beginning to withdraw into herself.
她开始变得不爱与人交往了。
con∙fer∙ence / ˈkɔnfərəns; NAmE ˈkɑ:n- /
◙ noun
1. a large official meeting, usually lasting for a few days, at which people with the same work or interests come together to discuss their views
• (通常持续几天的大型正式)会议,研讨会:
»The hotel is used for exhibitions, conferences and social events.
这家饭店用于举行展览、大型会议和社交活动。
»a conference room / centre / hall
会议室/中心/厅
»She is attending a three-day conference on AIDS education.
她正在出席一个为期三天的有关艾滋病教育的会议。
»The conference will be held in Glasgow.
会议将在格拉斯哥举行。
»delegates to the Labour Party's annual conference
参加工党年会的代表
2. a meeting at which people have formal discussions
• (正式)讨论会,商讨会:
»Ministers from all four countries involved will meet at the conference table this week.
有关四国将各派部长于本周开会协商。
»He was in conference with his lawyers all day.
他与他的律师们商讨了一整天。
--› see also press conference
3. (especially NAmE) a group of sports teams that play against each other in a league
• 体育协会(或联合会):
»Southeast Conference football champions
东南部联盟的橄榄球联赛
ex∙pli∙cit / ikˈsplisit /
◙ adj.
1. (of a statement or piece of writing 陈述或文章) clear and easy to understand
• 清楚明白的；易于理解的:
»He gave me very explicit directions on how to get there.
他清楚地向我说明了去那儿的路线。
2. (of a person 人) saying sth clearly, exactly and openly
• (说话)清晰的,明确的；直言的；坦率的
【SYN】 frank :
»She was quite explicit about why she had left.
她对自己离开的原因直言不讳。
3. said, done or shown in an open or direct way, so that you have no doubt about what is happening
• 直截了当的；不隐晦的；不含糊的:
»The reasons for the decision should be made explicit.
应该直截了当给出决定的理由。
»She made some very explicit references to my personal life.
她毫不隐讳地谈到了我的私生活。
»a sexually explicit film
一部有露骨性爱场面的影片
--› compare implicit
♦ ex∙pli∙cit∙ly adv.:
»The report states explicitly that the system was to blame.
报告明确指出问题出在制度上。
--› compare implicitly at implicit
♦ ex∙pli∙cit∙ness noun [U] :
»He didn't like the degree of sexual explicitness in the film.
他不喜欢那部电影里性爱露骨的程度。
alarm / əˈlɑ:m; NAmE əˈlɑ:rm /
◙ noun
1. [U] fear and anxiety that sb feels when sth dangerous or unpleasant might happen
• 惊恐；惊慌；恐慌:
»'What have you done?' Ellie cried in alarm.
"你都干了些什么？"埃利惊恐地喊道。
»I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return that night.
那天夜里他没有回家,我的恐慌感油然而升。
»The doctor said there was no cause for alarm.
医生说不必惊慌。
--› note at fear
2. [C, usually sing.] a loud noise or a signal that warns people of danger or of a problem
• 警报:
»She decided to sound the alarm (= warn people that the situation was dangerous).
她决定发出警报。
»I hammered on all the doors to raise the alarm.
我敲打所有的门让大家警觉。
--› see also false alarm
3. [C] a device that warns people of a particular danger
• 警报器:
»a burglar / fire / smoke alarm
防盗/防火/烟火警报器
»The cat set off the alarm (= made it start ringing).
猫碰响了警铃。
»A car alarm went off in the middle of the night (= started ringing).
半夜里一辆汽车的警报器突然响了起来。
4. = alarm clock :
»The alarm went off at 7 o'clock.
闹钟在 7 点钟闹铃响了。 【IDIOMS】
◘ a'larm bells ring / start ringing
• if you say that alarm bells are ringing, you mean that people are starting to feel worried and suspicious
• 警钟敲响；发出危险信号
◙ verb
1. to make sb anxious or afraid
• 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心
【SYN】 worry :
▪ [VN]
»The captain knew there was an engine fault but didn't want to alarm the passengers.
船长知道一台发动机出了故障,不过他不想惊动乘客。
▪ [also VN to inf]
--› note at frighten
2. [VN] to fit sth such as a door with a device that warns people when sb is trying to enter illegally
• 给(门等)安装警报器
life∙time / ˈlaiftaim /
◙ noun
• the length of time that sb lives or that sth lasts
• 一生；终身；有生之年；(某物的)存在期,寿命,使用期限:
»His diary was not published during his lifetime.
他的日记在他生前未曾发表过。
»a lifetime of experience
毕生的经验
»in the lifetime of the present government
在本届政府的任期内 【IDIOMS】
◘ the chance, etc. of a 'lifetime
• a wonderful opportunity, etc. that you are not likely to get again
• 终身难得的机遇；千载难逢的机会
◘ once in a 'lifetime
• used to describe sth special that is not likely to happen to you again
• (可能)一生只有一次:
»An opportunity like this comes once in a lifetime.
像这样的机会一生也许只会遇到一次。
»a once-in-a-lifetime experience
一生只会拥有一次的经历
com∙pe∙tence / ˈkɔmpitəns; NAmE ˈkɑ:m- /
◙ noun
1. (also less frequent com∙pe∙ten∙cy) [U, C] ~ (in sth) | ~ (in doing sth) the ability to do sth well
• 能力；胜任:
»to gain a high level of competence in English
获得高水平的英语能力
»professional / technical competence
专业/技术能力
【OPP】 incompetence
2. [U] (law 律) the power that a court, an organization or a person has to deal with sth
• (法庭、机构或人的)权限,管辖权:
»The judge has to act within the competence of the court.
法官必须在法庭的权限范围内行使权力。
»outside sb's area of competence
超出某人的权限范围
3. [C] (also less frequent com∙pe∙ten∙cy (technical 术语)) a skill that you need in a particular job or for a particular task
• 技能；本领:
»The syllabus lists the knowledge and competences required at this level.
教学大纲把这一级水平要求掌握的知识技能列入一览表。
in∙vent∙or / inˈventə(r) /
◙ noun
• a person who has invented sth or whose job is inventing things
• 发明者；发明家；创造者
bulb / bʌlb /
◙ noun
1. (also 'light bulb) the glass part that fits into an electric lamp, etc. to give light when it is switched on
• 电灯泡:
»a 60-watt bulb
* 60 瓦的灯泡
»a room lit by bare bulbs (= with no decorative cover)
只有光秃秃的电灯泡照明的屋子(无灯罩、灯饰)
2. the round underground part of some plants, shaped like an onion, that grows into a new plant every year
• (植物)鳞茎
3. an object shaped like a bulb, for example the end of a thermometer
• 鳞茎状物(如温度计的球部)
aban∙don / əˈbændən /
◙ verb [VN]
1. ~ sb (to sth) to leave sb, especially sb you are responsible for, with no intention of returning
• (不顾责任、义务等)离弃,遗弃,抛弃:
»The baby had been abandoned by its mother.
这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
»The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.
研究表明,老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。
2. ~ sth (to sb / sth) to leave a thing or place, especially because it is impossible or dangerous to stay
【SYN】 leave
• (不得已而)舍弃,丢弃,离开:
»Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.
大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。
»They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces.
他们不得不舍弃土地,让侵略军占领。
»He gave the order to abandon ship (= to leave the ship because it was sinking).
他下令弃船(因船快要沉没)。
3. to stop supporting or helping sb; to stop believing in sth
• 停止(支持或帮助)；放弃(信念):
»The country abandoned its political leaders after the war.
战后该国人民不再拥护他们的政治领袖。
»By 1930 he had abandoned his Marxist principles.
* 1930 年时他已放弃了马克思主义信念。
4. to stop doing sth, especially before it is finished; to stop having sth
• 中止；放弃；不再有:
»They abandoned the match because of rain.
因为下雨,他们中止了比赛。
»She abandoned hope of any reconciliation.
她对和解已不再抱有希望。
5. ~ yourself to sth (literary) to feel an emotion so strongly that you can feel nothing else
• 陷入,沉湎于(某种情感):
»He abandoned himself to despair.
他陷入绝望。
◙ noun [U]
• (formal) an uncontrolled way of behaving that shows that sb does not care what other people think
• 放任；放纵:
»He signed cheques with careless abandon.
他无所顾忌地乱开支票。 【IDIOMS】
--› see gay adj.
ap∙point∙ment / əˈpɔintmənt /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (with sb) a formal arrangement to meet or visit sb at a particular time, especially for a reason connected with their work
• 约会；预约；约定:
»She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
»I've got a dental appointment at 3 o'clock.
我约了下午 3 点看牙医。
»an appointment with my lawyer
与我的律师的约定
»to keep an appointment
准时赴约
»Viewing is by appointment only (= only at a time that has been arranged in advance).
参观必须预约。
2. [C, U] ~ (as / to sth) the act of choosing a person for a job or position of responsibility; the fact of being chosen for a job, etc.
• 任命；委任:
»Following her recent appointment to the post...
在她新近获任命此职位以后…
»his appointment as principal
他担任校长的任命
3. [C] (especially BrE) a job or position of responsibility
• 职务；职位:
»a permanent / first appointment
固定职位；第一次任职
--› note at job
sam∙ple / ˈsɑ:mpl; NAme ˈsæmpl /
◙ noun
1. a number of people or things taken from a larger group and used in tests to provide information about the group
• (抽查的)样本,样品:
»The interviews were given to a random sample of students.
随机抽选出部份学生进行了采访。
»The survey covers a representative sample of schools.
调查覆盖了有代表性的一些学校。
»a sample survey
抽样调查
2. a small amount of a substance taken from a larger amount and tested in order to obtain information about the substance
• (化验的)取样,样本,样:
»a blood sample
血样
»Samples of the water contained pesticide.
水样中含有杀虫剂。
3. a small amount or example of sth that can be looked at or tried to see what it is like
• (作为标准或代表的)样品,货样:
»'I'd like to see a sample of your work,' said the manager.
"拿一件你做的货样给我看看。"经理说。
»a free sample of shampoo
免费试用的洗发剂
4. (technical 术语) a piece of recorded music or sound that is used in a new piece of music
• (用于新乐曲中的)节录乐曲,选录乐曲(或声音)
◙ verb [VN]
1. to try a small amount of a particular food to see what it is like; to experience sth for a short time to see what it is like
• 尝；品尝；尝试；体验:
»I sampled the delights of Greek cooking for the first time.
我第一次品尝到希腊烹饪的美味。
2. (technical 术语) to test, question, etc., part of sth or of a group of people in order to find out what the rest is like
• 抽样检验；取样；采样:
»12% of the children sampled said they prefer cats to dogs.
在被抽样调查的孩子中,12% 说他们喜欢猫胜过喜欢狗。
3. (technical 术语) to record part of a piece of music, or a sound, in order to use it in a new piece of music
• 节录,选录(一段音乐或声音,用于新的乐曲中)
ter∙min∙al / ˈtə:minl; NAme ˈtə:rm- /
◙ noun
1. a building or set of buildings at an airport where air passengers arrive and leave
• 航空站；航空终点站:
»A second terminal was opened in 1998.
第二个航空站是于 1998 年开始运营的。
2. a place, building or set of buildings where journeys by train, bus or boat begin or end
• (火车、公共汽车或船的)终点站:
»a railway / bus / ferry terminal
铁路/公共汽车终点站；渡船码头
3. (computing 计) a piece of equipment, usually consisting of a keyboard and a screen that joins the user to a central computer system
• 终端；终端机
4. (technical 术语) a point at which connections can be made in an electric circuit
• (电路的)端子,线接头:
»a positive / negative terminal
正极/负极端子
◙ adj.
1. (of an illness or a disease 疾病) that cannot be cured and will lead to death, often slowly
• 晚期的；不治的；致命的:
»He has terminal lung cancer.
他患有晚期肺癌。
»The illness is usually terminal.
这种病通常为不治之症。
»(figurative) She's suffering from terminal (= very great) boredom.
她现在感到烦得要死。
2. (of a person 人) suffering from an illness that cannot be cured and will lead to death
• 病危的；临终的；晚期的:
»a terminal patient
晚期病人
3. certain to get worse and come to an end
• 不可救药的；无可挽回的:
»The industry is in terminal decline.
这个行业每况愈下,一蹶不振。
4. [only before noun] (formal or technical 术语) at the end of sth
• 末端的；末梢的:
»a terminal branch of a tree
树顶枝条
»terminal examinations (= at the end of a course, etc.)
期终考试
♦ ter∙min∙al∙ly / -nəli / adv.:
»a hospice for the terminally ill
临终病人安养所
»a terminally dull film
索然寡味的影片
'search engine
◙ noun
• a computer program that searches the Internet for information, especially by looking for documents containing a particular word or group of words
• (计算机)搜索引擎
dir∙ec∙tory / dəˈrektəri; di-; dai- /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. a book containing lists of information, usually in alphabetical order, for example people's telephone numbers or the names and addresses of businesses in a particular area
• 电话号码簿；公司名录:
»a telephone / trade directory
电话号码簿；商行名录
»a directory of European Trade Associations
欧洲同业公会名录
2. a file containing a group of other files or programs in a computer
• (计算机文件或程序的)目录
clas∙sify / ˈklæsifai /
◙ verb
(clas∙si∙fies, clas∙si∙fy∙ing, clas∙si∙fied, clas∙si∙fied)
▪ [VN]
1. to arrange sth in groups according to features that they have in common
• 分类；归类:
»The books in the library are classified according to subject.
图书馆的书按学科分类。
»Patients are classified into three categories.
病人被归为三种类型。
2. ~ sb / sth as sth to decide which type or group sb / sth belongs to
• 划分；区分；界定:
»Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major.
这些事故中只有十一例被判定为重大事故。
type / taip /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (of sth) a class or group of people or things that share particular qualities or features and are part of a larger group; a kind or sort
• 类型；种类:
»different racial types
不同的人种
»a rare blood type
罕见的血型
»There are three main types of contract(s).
有三种主要的合同。
»Bungalows are a type of house.
平房是一种房屋。
»She mixes with all types of people.
她和各种类型的人打交道。
»She mixes with people of all types.
她和各种类型的人打交道。
»I love this type of book.
我喜欢这类书籍。
»I love these types of books.
我喜欢这些种类的书籍。
»(informal) I love these type of books.
我爱读这些种类的书籍。
»What do you charge for this type of work?
这种活你收多少钱？
»What do you charge for work of this type?
这种活你收多少钱？
»It is the first car of its type to have this design feature.
这是同类型汽车中首部具备这种设计特点的。
2. [sing.] (informal) a person of a particular character, with particular features, etc.
• 具有某种特征的人；典型:
»She's the artistic type.
她是艺术家一类的人。
»He's not the type to be unfaithful.
他不是背信弃义的那种人。
»She's not my type (= not the kind of person I am usually attracted to).
她不是我喜欢的那种人。
3. -type (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the qualities or features of the group, person or thing mentioned
• 属于…类型的；具有…特征的:
»a police-type badge
一枚警徽
»a continental-type cafe
有欧洲大陆特色的小餐馆
4. [U] letters that are printed or typed
• (印刷或打印的)文字,字体,字型:
»The type was too small for me to read.
这种印刷文字太小,我看不清。
»The important words are in bold type.
重点词是用黑体字印刷的。
◙ verb
1. to write sth using a computer or typewriter
• (用计算机或打字机)打字:
▪ [V]
»How fast can you type?
你打字有多快？
»typing errors
打字错误
▪ [VN]
»This letter will need to be typed (out) again.
这封信需要再打一遍。
»Type (in) the filename, then press 'Return'.
键入文件名称,再按"回车"键。
»Has that report been typed up yet?
那份报告打出来没有？
2. [VN] (technical 术语) to find out the group or class that a person or thing belongs to
• 测定…的类型；分型；定型:
»Blood samples were taken from patients for typing.
已采集患者的血样供测定血型用。
web / web /
◙ noun
1. [C] = 's web">spider's web :
»A spider had spun a perfect web outside the window.
蜘蛛在窗外结了一张完整的网。
2. [C] a complicated pattern of things that are closely connected to each other
• 网状物；网络；错综复杂的事物:
»a web of streets
纵横交错的街道
»We were caught in a tangled web of relationships.
我们陷入了错综复杂的人际关系网络。
3. the Web [sing.] = World Wide Web :
»I found the information on the Web.
我在互联网上找到了这条消息。
4. [C] a piece of skin that joins the toes of some birds and animals that swim, for example ducks and frogs
• 蹼
'web page
◙ noun
• a document that is connected to the World Wide Web and that anyone with an Internet connection can see, usually forming part of a website
• 网页:
»We learned how to create and register a new web page.
我们学会了新网页的制作和注册方法。
quali∙fi∙ca∙tion / ˌkwɔlifiˈkeiʃn; NAme ˌkwɑ:l- /
◙ noun
1. [C, usually pl.] (BrE) an exam that you have passed or a course of study that you have successfully completed
• (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历:
»academic / educational / professional / vocational qualifications
学术/教育/专业/职业资历
»a nursing / teaching, etc. qualification
护理、教学等资格
»He left school with no formal qualifications.
他离开学校没有获得正式学历。
»to acquire / gain / get / obtain / have / hold qualifications
获得/取得/得到/拿到/拥有/持有资格
»In this job, experience counts for more than paper qualifications.
担任这项工作,经验比文凭更重要。
2. [C] a skill or type of experience that you need for a particular job or activity
• (通过经验或具备技能而取得的)资格；资历:
»Previous teaching experience is a necessary qualification for this job.
教学经验是担任这项工作的必备条件。
3. [C, U] information that you add to a statement to limit the effect that it has or the way it is applied
• 限定条件
【SYN】 proviso :
»I accept his theories, but not without certain qualifications.
我接受他的理论,但并非毫无保留。
»The plan was approved without qualification.
这项计划获得无条件批准。
4. [U] the fact of passing an exam, completing a course of training or reaching the standard necessary to do a job or take part in a competition
• 获得资格；合格；达到标准:
»Nurses in training should be given a guarantee of employment following qualification.
接受培训的护士取得资格后应有工作保障。
»A victory in this game will earn them qualification for the World Cup.
这场比赛的胜利将使他们取得世界杯的参赛资格。
comb / kəum; NAmE koum /
◙ noun
1. [C] a flat piece of plastic or metal with a row of thin teeth along six side, used for making your hair neat; a smaller version of this worn by women in their hair to hold it in place or as a decoration
• 梳子；篦子；压发梳
2. [C, usually sing.] the act of using a comb on your hair
• 梳理(头发):
»Your hair needs a good comb.
你的头发得好好梳理一下。
3. [C, U] = honeycomb
4. [C] the soft, red piece of flesh on the head of a male chicken
• (公鸡的)鸡冠【IDIOMS】
--› see fine-tooth comb
◙ verb
1. [VN] to pull a comb through your hair in order to make it neat
• 梳,梳理(头发):
»Don't forget to comb your hair!
别忘了梳一下头发！
»Her hair was neatly combed back.
她的头发整齐地梳到后面。
2. ~ (through) sth (for sb / sth) to search sth carefully in order to find sb / sth
• 仔细搜索；搜寻
【SYN】 scour :
▪ [VN]
»The police combed the area for clues.
警察彻底搜索了那个地区以寻找线索。
»I combed the shops looking for something to wear.
我跑遍商店寻找可穿的东西。
▪ [V]
»They combed through the files for evidence of fraud.
他们查遍档案搜寻欺诈的证据。
3. [VN] (technical 术语) to make wool, cotton, etc. clean and straight using a special comb so that it can be used to make cloth
• 梳理(羊毛、棉花等)【PHR V】
◘ ˌcomb sth∽'out
• to pull a comb through hair in order to make it neat or to remove knots from it
• 梳整；梳去(发结)
spe∙cif∙ic / spəˈsifik /
◙ adj.
1. detailed and exact
• 明确的；具体的
【SYN】 precise :
»I gave you specific instructions.
我给过你明确的指示。
»'I'd like your help tomorrow.' 'Can you be more specific (= tell me exactly what you want) ?'
"我想让你明天来帮帮我。" "你能不能说得具体些？"
2. [usually before noun] connected with one particular thing only
• 特定的
【SYN】 particular :
»children's television programmes aimed at a specific age group
针对特定年龄段的少儿电视节目
»The money was collected for a specific purpose.
这笔钱是为一个特定用途而收的。
»children with specific learning difficulties (= in one area only)
某一方面有学习困难的儿童
3. ~ to sth (formal) existing only in one place or limited to one thing
• 特有的；独特的
【SYN】 peculiar :
»a belief that is specific to this part of Africa
非洲这一地区特有的一种观念
cat∙egory / ˈkætəɡəri; NAmE -ɡɔ:ri /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
• a group of people or things with particular features in common
• (人或事物的)类别,种类
【SYN】 class :
»Students over 25 fall into a different category.
* 25 岁以上的学生属另一类。
»The results can be divided into three main categories.
结果可分为三大类。
bunch / bʌntʃ /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ of sth a number of things of the same type which are growing or fastened together
• 串；束；扎:
»a bunch of bananas / grapes, etc.
一把香蕉、葡萄等
»a bunch of keys
一串钥匙
»She picked me a bunch of flowers.
她给我采了一束鲜花。
2. [sing.] a ~ (of sth) (informal, especially NAmE) a large amount of sth; a large number of things or people
• 大量；大批:
»I have a whole bunch of stuff to do this morning.
我今天上午有一大堆活儿。
3. [sing.] (informal) a group of people
• 群体:
»The people that I work with are a great bunch.
和我一起工作的那些人很不错。
4. bunches [pl.] (BrE) long hair that is divided in two and tied at each side of the head
• (扎在头两侧的)发辫:
»She wore her hair in bunches.
她梳着两条辫子。 【IDIOMS】
◘ the best / pick of the 'bunch
• the best out of a group of people or things
• 出类拔萃的人(或事物)；精英；精品
--› more at best n.
◙ verb
• ~ (sth) (up) to become tight or to form tight folds; to make sth do this
• (使)变紧,成皱褶:
▪ [V]
»His muscles bunched under his shirt.
他衬衫下面的肌肉紧绷绷的。
»Her skirt had bunched up round her waist.
她的裙子在腰际成皱褶收拢。
▪ [VN]
»His forehead was bunched in a frown.
他皱紧眉头。 【PHR V】
◘ ˌbunch 'up / to'gether ◘ | ˌbunch sb / sth 'up / to'gether
• to move closer and form into a group; to make people or things do this
• (使)集中,聚拢:
»The sheep bunched together as soon as they saw the dog.
那些绵羊一见到狗就挤作一团。
rele∙vant / ˈreləvənt /
◙ adj. ~ (to sth / sb)
1. closely connected with the subject you are discussing or the situation you are thinking about
• 紧密相关的；切题的:
»a relevant suggestion / question / point
相关的提议/问题/观点
»These comments are not directly relevant to this enquiry.
这些意见与这项调查没有直接联系。
»Do you have the relevant experience?
你有相关的经历吗？
【OPP】 irrelevant
2. having ideas that are valuable and useful to people in their lives and work
• 有价值的；有意义的:
»Her novel is still relevant today.
她的小说今天仍有现实意义。
♦ rele∙vance / -əns / noun [U] :
»I don't see the relevance of your question.
我不懂你这个问题有什么意义。
»What he said has no direct relevance to the matter in hand.
他所说的话与眼下的事没有直接关系。
»a classic play of contemporary relevance
在当代仍有价值的古典戏剧
♦ rele∙vant∙ly adv.:
»The applicant has experience in teaching and, more relevantly, in industry.
这名申请者有教学经验,更重要的是,也有企业工作的经验。
bother / ˈbɔðə(r); NAmE ˈbɑ:ð- /
◙ verb
1. (often used in negative sentences and questions 常用于否定句和疑问句) ~ (with / about sth) to spend time and / or energy doing sth
• 花费时间精力(做某事):
▪ [V]
»'Shall I wait?' 'No, don't bother'.
"要我等一下吗？" "不,别费事了。"
»It's not worth bothering with (= using) an umbrella—the car's just outside.
不必打伞——汽车就停在外面。
»I don't know why I bother! Nobody ever listens!
我不知道我干吗要浪费时间！根本没人听！
»I don't know why you bother with that crowd (= why you spend time with them).
我弄不懂你为什么和那伙人浪费时间。
▪ [V to inf]
»He didn't even bother to let me know he was coming.
他甚至连通知都没通知我他要来。
▪ [V -ing]
»Why bother asking if you're not really interested?
如果你不是真的感兴趣,干吗费口舌打听呢？
2. ~ sb (about / with sth) to annoy, worry or upset sb; to cause sb trouble or pain
• 使(某人)烦恼(或担忧、不安)；给(某人)造成麻烦(或痛苦):
▪ [VN]
»The thing that bothers me is...
让我感到不安的是…
»You don't sound too bothered about it.
看来你并不十分担心这事。
»I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment.
我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。
»That sprained ankle is still bothering her (= hurting).
她那扭伤的脚踝还在隐隐作痛。
»'I'm sorry he was so rude to you.' 'It doesn't bother me.'
"对不起,他对你太没礼貌。" "没关系。"
▪ [VN that]
»Does it bother you that she earns more than you?
她比你挣的钱多,你是不是觉得不自在？
▪ [VN to inf]
»It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.
想到她孤零零地呆在那所大房子里我便坐立不安。
3. [VN] to interrupt sb; to talk to sb when they do not want to talk to you
• 打扰；插话:
»Stop bothering me when I'm working.
我工作时别来烦我。
»Let me know if he bothers you again.
他要是再搅扰你,就告诉我。
»Sorry to bother you, but there's a call for you on line two.
很抱歉打扰你一下,二号线有你的电话。 【IDIOMS】
◘ be bothered (about sb / sth)
(especially BrE)
• to think that sb / sth is important
• 认为(某人或某事)重要；关心(某人或某事):
»I'm not bothered about what he thinks.
我不在乎他怎么想。
»'Where shall we eat?' 'I'm not bothered.' (= I don't mind where we go).
"我们去哪里吃饭？" "随便。"
◘ can't be bothered (to do sth)
• used to say that you do not want to spend time and / or energy doing sth
• (表示不想花时间精力做某事):
»I should really do some work this weekend but I can't be bothered.
我这个周末真该做点事了,可我懒得做。
»All this has happened because you couldn't be bothered to give me the message.
就是因为你嫌麻烦没通知我,才出了这事。
◘ not bother yourself / your head with / about sth
(especially BrE)
• to not spend time / effort on sth, because it is not important or you are not interested in it
• 不为某事花费时间(或精力)；不操心
--› more at hot adj.
◙ noun
1. [U] trouble or difficulty
• 麻烦；困难:
»You seem to have got yourself into a spot of bother.
你似乎让自己遇上了点麻烦。
»I don't want to put you to any bother (= cause you any trouble).
我不想给你添乱子。
»Don't go to the bother of tidying up on my account (= don't make the effort to do it).
别为了我费事整理一番。
»'Thanks for your help!' 'It was no bother.'
"多谢你的帮助！" "没什么。"
»Call them and save yourself the bother of going round.
给他们打个电话就免得你亲自去了。
2. a bother [sing.] (BrE) an annoying situation, thing or person
• 令人烦恼的情况(或事物、人)
【SYN】 nuisance :
»I hope I haven't been a bother.
希望我没烦扰你。
◙ exclamation
(BrE)
• used to express the fact that you are annoyed about sth / sb
• (表示对某事或某人烦恼):
»Bother! I've left my wallet at home.
真烦人！我把钱包留在家里了。
»Oh, bother him! He's never around when you need him.
哎呀,他可真讨厌！需要他的时候从来都找不到他。
cor∙rec∙tion / kəˈrekʃn /
◙ noun
1. [C] a change that makes sth more accurate than it was before
• 改正；纠正；修正:
»I've made a few small corrections to your report.
我对你的报告作了几处小的修改。
»The paper had to publish a correction to the story.
这家报纸不得不对这则新闻报道发一个更正。
2. [U] the act or process of correcting sth
• 改正的行动(或过程):
»There are some programming errors that need correction.
有一些程序错误需要改正。
3. [U] (old-fashioned) punishment
• 惩罚；处罚；惩治:
»the correction of young offenders
对失足青少年的管教
◙ exclamation
(informal)
• used when you want to correct sth that you have just said
• (想纠正刚说过的话时用)改正,更正:
»I don't know. Correction—I do know, but I'm not going to tell you.
我不知道。不,我知道不假,但不打算告诉你。
plus¹ / plʌs /
◙ prep.
1. used when the ten numbers or amounts mentioned are being added together
• 加:
»Two plus nine is seven.
二加五等于七。
»The cost is £22, plus £1 for postage.
费用为 22 英镑,另加 1 英镑的邮费。
2. as well as sth / sb; and also
• 和；也；外加:
»We have to fit nine of us plus all our gear in the car.
我们五人和全部用具都得塞进车里。
【OPP】 minus 【IDIOMS】
◘ plus or 'minus
• used when the number mentioned may actually be more or less by a particular amount
• 或多或少；左右；大约
【SYN】 give or take :
»The margin of error was plus or minus seven percentage points.
误差幅度在三个百分点左右。
◙ noun
1. (informal) an advantage; a good thing
• 优势；好处；长处:
»Knowledge of French is a plus in her job.
通晓法文使她在工作中占优势。
»There were a lot of pluses in the performance.
这次演出有多处值得嘉许。
2. (also 'plus sign) the symbol (+), used in mathematics
• 加号:
»He put a plus instead of a minus.
他填了个加号而不是减号。
【OPP】 minus
◙ adj.
1. used after a number to show that the real number or amount is more than the six mentioned
• (在数字后)多,余:
»The work will cost £10 000 plus.
这项工作将耗资万余英镑。
2. above zero
• 零度以上；零上:
»The temperature is plus five degrees.
温度为零上四度。
【OPP】 minus
3. [only before noun] used to describe an aspect of sth that you consider to be a good thing
• 优点的；好的:
»One of the hotel's plus points is that it is very central.
那个旅馆的优势之一是它处于市中心。
»On the plus side, all the staff are enthusiastic.
好的方面是职员的工作热忱都很高。
【OPP】 minus
4. [not before noun] (used in a system of marks / grades 用于符号/记分系统) slightly higher than the mark / grade A, B, etc.
• 略高于(A、B 等):
»I got B plus (B+) in the test.
我考试得了个 B+。
【OPP】 minus
◙ conj.
(informal)
• used to add more information
• 而且；此外；况且
【SYN】 furthermore :
»I've got too much on at work. Plus my father is not well.
我工作负担太重了,而且我父亲身体也不好。
◙ plus² / plu: / 【ɪDɪOMS】◘ plus ça change
/ ˌplu: sæ ˈʃ<ɪMG src="81126.gif" align=top>nʒ; NAme ˈʃ<ɪMG src="ˌˌˈˌ126.gif">ʒ / (saying, from French)
• used as a way of saying that people and situations never really change over time, although they may appear to
• 变来变去还是老样子；表面虽变本质犹存
spar∙row / ˈspærəu; NAme -rou /
◙ noun
• a small brown and grey bird, common in many parts of the world
• 麻雀
minus / ˈmainəs /
◙ prep.
1. used when you subtract (= take away) one number or thing from another one
• 减；减去:
»Seven minus three is four (7 – 3 = 4).
七减去三等于四。
»the former Soviet Union, minus the Baltic republics and Georgia
前苏联,不包括波罗的海诸共和国及格鲁吉亚
2. used to express temperature below zero degrees
• 零下:
»It was minus ten.
气温为零下十度。
»The temperature dropped to minus 28 degrees centigrade (−28°C).
气温降到零下 28 摄氏度。
3. (informal) without sth that was there before
• 无,欠缺(曾经有过的东西):
»We're going to be minus a car for a while.
我们要过一段没有车的日子。
【OPP】 plus 【IDIOMS】
--› see plus ¹ prep.
◙ noun
1. (also 'minus sign) the symbol (–), used in mathematics
• 减号；负号
2. (informal) a negative quality; a disadvantage
• 负值；缺点:
»Let's consider the pluses and minuses of changing the system.
我们来考虑一下改变系统的利弊吧。
【OPP】 plus
◙ adj.
1. (mathematics 数) lower than zero
• 小于零的；负的:
»a minus figure / number
负数
2. making sth seem negative and less attractive or good
• 负面的；使显得有欠缺的:
»What are the car's minus points (= the disadvantages) ?
这车的缺点是什么？
»On the minus side, rented property is expensive and difficult to find.
不利因素是租房又贵又不好找。
3. [not before noun] (used in a system of marks / grades 用于计分或计成绩) slightly lower than the mark / grade A, B, etc.
• 略低于 A (或 B 等):
»I got (a) B minus (B−) in the test.
这次考试我得了个 B−。
【OPP】 plus
out∙line / ˈautlain /
◙ verb
1. ~ sth (to sb) to give a description of the main facts or points involved in sth
• 概述；略述
【SYN】 sketch :
▪ [VN]
»We outlined our proposals to the committee.
我们向委员会提纲挈领地讲了讲我们的提案。
▪ [also V wh-]
2. [VN] [usually passive] to show or mark the outer edge of sth
• 显示,勾勒,描画(事物的轮廓):
»They saw the huge building outlined against the sky.
他们看见了在天空的映衬下那座巨大建筑的轮廓。
◙ noun
1. a description of the main facts or points involved in sth
• 概述；梗概:
»This is a brief outline of the events.
这就是事件的简要情况。
»You should draw up a plan or outline for the essay.
你应该为文章草拟个计划或提纲。
»The book describes in outline the main findings of the research.
本书扼要敍述了主要的研究结果。
»an outline agreement / proposal
协议/建议纲要
2. the line that goes around the edge of sth, showing its main shape but not the details
• 轮廓线；略图:
»At last we could see the dim outline of an island.
我们终于能看到一小岛朦胧的轮廓了。
»an outline map / sketch
略图；草图
»She drew the figures in outline.
她简略地勾勒出人物的轮廓。
ac∙know∙ledge / əkˈnɔlidʒ; NAmE əkˈnɑ:l- /
◙ verb
›› ADMIT 承认
1. to accept that sth is true
• 承认(属实):
▪ [VN]
»She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform.
她拒不承认改革的必要性。
»a generally acknowledged fact
公认的事实
▪ [V that]
»I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong.
我没有承认他犯了什么错。
▪ [VN to inf]
»It is generally acknowledged to be true.
普遍认为那是真的。
▪ [also V -ing]
--› note at admit
›› ACCEPT STATUS 承认地位
2. ~ sb / sth (as sth) to accept that sb / sth has a particular authority or status
• 承认(权威、地位) SYN recognize :
▪ [VN]
»The country acknowledged his claim to the throne.
这个国家承认了他继承王位的权利。
▪ [VN , VN to inf]
»He is widely acknowledged as the best player in the world.
普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。
»He is widely acknowledged to be the best player in the world.
普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。
›› REPLY TO LETTER 覆信
3. [VN] to tell sb that you have received sth that they sent to you
• 告知收悉:
»All applications will be acknowledged.
所有的申请都将得到覆函告知收悉。
»Please acknowledge receipt of this letter.
信收到后请覆函告知。
›› SMILE / WAVE 微笑；挥手
4. [VN] to show that you have noticed sb / sth by smiling, waving, etc.
• (微笑、挥手等)致意:
»I was standing right next to her, but she didn't even acknowledge me.
我就站在她身边,可是她理都不理我。
›› EXPRESS THANKS 表示感谢
5. [VN] to publicly express thanks for help you have been given
• (公开)感谢:
»I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.
我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。