m8u1book∙worm / ˈbukwə:m; NAmE -wə:rm / ◙ noun • a person who likes reading very much • 极爱读书的人；书迷；书呆子
poet∙ry / ˈpəuətri; NAme ˈpou- / ◙ noun 1. [U] a collection of poems; poems in general • 诗集；诗歌；诗作 【SYN】verse: »epic / lyric / pastoral, etc. poetry 史诗、抒情诗、田园诗等 »T.S. Eliot's poetry * T.S. 艾略特的诗作 »a poetry reading 诗歌朗诵 --› compareprose 2. [U, sing.] (approving) a beautiful and elegant quality • 美好的品质；优雅的气质；诗意: »There was poetry in all her gestures. 她一举一动都很优美。
drama / ˈdrɑ:mə / ◙ noun 1. [C] a play for the theatre, television or radio • 戏；剧: »a costume / historical, etc. drama 古装、历史等剧 2. [U] plays considered as a form of literature • 戏剧文学；戏剧艺术；戏剧: »classical / Elizabethan / modern, etc. drama 古典戏剧、伊丽莎白时代的戏剧、现代戏剧等 »a drama critic 戏剧评论家 »drama school 戏剧学校 »a drama student 学习戏剧艺术的学生 »I studied English and Drama at college. 我在大学学的是英语和戏剧。 3. [C] an exciting event • 戏剧性事件；戏剧性情节: »A powerful human drama was unfolding before our eyes. 一个极富人情味的戏剧性场面展现在我们的眼前。 4. [U] the fact of being exciting • 激动；兴奋；刺激: »You couldn't help being thrilled by the drama of the situation. 你不禁为这充满激情的场面激动不已。
【IDIOMS】
◘ make a drama out of sth • to make a small problem or event seem more important or serious than it really is • 小题大做；大惊小怪
fic∙tion / ˈfikʃn / ◙ noun 1. [U] a type of literature that describes imaginary people and events, not real ones • 小说: »a work of popular fiction 通俗小说作品 »historical / romantic fiction 历史/言情小说 【OPP】non-fiction --› see alsoscience fiction 2. [C, U] a thing that is invented or imagined and is not true • 虚构的事；假想之物: »For years he managed to keep up the fiction that he was not married. 多年来他设法一直给人一种未婚的假象。
【IDIOMS】
--› seetruthan∙tique / ænˈti:k / ◙ adj. [usually before noun] • (of furniture, jewellery, etc. 家具、珠宝等) old and often valuable • 古老的；古董的: »an antique mahogany desk 古红木办公桌 ◙ noun • an object such as a piece of furniture that is old and often valuable • 文物；古物；古董；古玩: »Priceless antiques were destroyed in the fire. 无价之宝的古董在大火中焚毁。 »an antique shop (= one that sellsantiques) 古玩店 »an antique dealer (= a person who sellsantiques) 古董商
char∙ac∙ter∙is∙tic / ˌkærəktəˈristik / ◙ adj. • ~ (of sth / sb) very typical of sth or of sb's character • 典型的；独特的；特有的: »She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm. 她说话带着特有的热情。 【OPP】uncharacteristic ♦ char∙ac∙ter∙is∙tic∙al∙ly adv.: »Characteristically, Helen paid for everyone. 海伦按照她惯常的做法,为每一个人付了费。 ◙ noun • ~ (of sth / sb) a typical feature or quality that sth / sb has • 特征；特点；品质: »The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society. 需要交流是人类社会最重要的一个特征。 »The two groups of children have quite different characteristics. 这两组儿童具有截然不同的特点。 »Personal characteristics, such as age and sex are taken into account. 个人的特征,如年龄和性别等,都要考虑进去。 »genetic characteristics 遗传特征
nov∙el∙ist / ˈnɔvəlist; NAme ˈnɑ:v- / ◙ noun • a person who writes novels • 小说家: »a romantic / historical novelist 传奇/历史小说家
chap∙ter / ˈtʃæptə(r) / ◙ noun 1. (abbr. chap.) [C] a separate section of a book, usually with a number or title • (书的)章,篇,回: »I've just finished Chapter 3. 我刚完成第 3 章。 »in the previous / next / last chapter 在前/下 / 最后一章 »Have you read the chapter on the legal system? 你读过论述法律制度的那一章吗？ 2. [C] a period of time in a person's life or in history • (人生或历史的)时期,时代,篇章: »a difficult chapter in our country's history 我们国家历史上的一段困难时期 3. [C + sing. / pl. v.] all the priests of acathedralor members of a religious community • 主教座堂全体教士；宗教团体的全体成员: »a meeting of the dean and chapter 总铎和全体教士的会议 4. [C] (especially NAmE) a local branch of a society, club, etc. • (社团、俱乐部等的)地方分会: »the local chapter of the Rotary club 扶轮国际的地方分会
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌchapter and 'verse • the exact details of sth, especially the exact place where particular information may be found • 准确细节；(尤指信息的)确切出处: »I can't give chapter and verse, but that's the rough outline of our legal position. 我无法提供准确细节,但那是我们所处法律地位的大致情况。 ◘ a ˌchapter of 'accidents (BrE) • a series of unfortunate events • 接二连三的不幸事故；接踵而来的灾祸opera / ˈɔprə; NAme ˈɑ:prə / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] a dramatic work in which all or most of the words are sung to music; works of this type as an art form or entertainment • 歌剧；歌剧剧本；歌剧艺术: »Puccini's operas 普契尼的歌剧 »to go to the opera 去看歌剧 »an opera singer 歌剧演员 »light / grand opera 轻/大歌剧 --› see alsosoap opera 2. [C] a company that performs opera ; a building in which operas are performed • 歌剧团；歌剧院: »the Vienna State Opera 维也纳国家歌剧院 ♦ op∙er∙at∙ic / ˌɔpəˈrætik; NAme ˌɑ:p- / adj.: »operatic arias / composers 歌剧咏叹调/作曲家
'soap opera (also informal soap) ◙ noun [C, U] • a story about the lives and problems of a group of people which is broadcast every day or several times a week on television or radio • 肥皂剧
author / ˈɔ:θə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a person who writes books or the person who wrote a particular book • 著者；作者；作家: »Who is your favourite author? 你最喜欢哪位作家？ »He is the author of seven books on art. 他写了三本艺术专着。 »best-selling author Joan Collins 畅销书作家琼 · 柯林斯 »Who's the author? 作者是谁？ 2. the person who creates or starts sth, especially a plan or an idea • (尤指计划或思想的)创造者,发起人: »As the author of the proposal I cannot agree with you. 我作为提案的发起人不能同意你的意见。 ◙ verb [VN] • (formal) to be the author of a book, report, etc. • 着作；写作；编写
abuse ◙ noun / əˈbju:s / 1. əu, sing.] ~ (of sth) the use of sth in a way that is wrong or harmful • 滥用；妄用 【SYN】misuse: »alcohol / drug / solvent abuse 酗酒；嗜毒；嗜吸胶毒 »He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power. 他因被控贪污腐化和滥用职权而遭逮捕。 »The system of paying cash bonuses is open to abuse (= might be used in the wrong way). 支付现金红利制度可能被人钻空子。 »What she did was an abuse of her position as manager. 她的所作所为是滥用经理职权。 2. [U, pl.] unfair, cruel or violent treatment of sb • 虐待: »child abuse 虐待儿童 »sexual abuse 性虐待 »reported abuses by the secret police 已举报的秘密警察虐待行为 »She suffered years of physical abuse. 她遭受了多年的肉体摧残。 3. [U] rude and offensive remarks, usually made when sb is very angry • 辱骂；恶语: »to scream / hurl / shout abuse 高声谩骂；破口大骂；大声辱骂 »a stream / torrent of abuse 不断辱骂；劈头盖脸一通臭骂 【SYN】insults◙ verb / əˈbju:z / ▪ əʒŋ] 1. to make bad use of sth, or to use so much of sth that it harms your health • 滥用: »to abuse alcohol / drugs 酗酒；嗜毒 »He systematically abused his body with heroin and cocaine. 他因吸服海洛因和可卡因一步一步地把身体搞垮了。 2. to use power or knowledge unfairly or wrongly • 滥用,妄用(权力、所知所闻): »She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends. 她滥用自己作为校长的职权,把工作安排给朋友们。 »He felt they had abused his trust by talking about him to the press (= tricked him, although he had trusted them). 他觉得他们向报界透露有关他的情况是辜负了他的信任。 3. to treat a person or an animal in a cruel or violent way, especially sexually • 虐待；性虐待；伤害: »All the children had been physically and emotionally abused. 所有这些儿童的身心都受到了摧残。 »He had abused his own daughter (= had sex with her). 他曾奸污了自己的亲生女儿。 »The boy had been sexually abused. 这个男孩曾遭受过性虐待。 4. to make rude or offensive remarks to or about sb • 辱骂；恶语伤人；诋譭 【SYN】insult: »The referee had been threatened and abused. 裁判遭到了恐吓和谩骂。 ♦ ab∙user noun: »a drug abuser 嗜毒者 »a child abuser 虐待儿童者
cem∙et∙ery / ˈsemətri; NAmE -teri / ◙ noun (pl. -ies) • an area of land used for burying dead people, especially one that is not beside a church • (尤指不靠近教堂的)墓地,坟地,公墓 --› comparechurchyard,graveyard(1)
des∙per∙ate / ˈdespərət / ◙ adj. 1. feeling or showing that you have little hope and are ready to do anything without worrying about danger to yourself or others • (因绝望而)不惜冒险的,不顾一切的,拚命的: »The prisoners grew increasingly desperate. 犯人因绝望而越来越胆大妄为。 »Stores are getting desperate after two years of poor sales. 两年来销路不畅,商店不惜冒起险来。 »Somewhere out there was a desperate man, cold, hungry, hunted. 那外面有个男人又冷又饿,还有人抓他,走投无路了。 »I heard sounds of a desperate struggle in the next room. 我听到隔壁房间里有拚命挣扎的声音。 2. [usually before noun] (of an action 行为) giving little hope of success; tried when everything else has failed • 绝望的；孤注一掷的；铤而走险的: »a desperate bid for freedom 孤注一掷争取自由的努力 »She clung to the edge in a desperate attempt to save herself. 为了活命,她拚命抓住边缘。 »His increasing financial difficulties forced him to take desperate measures. 不断增加的经济困难迫使他采取了铤而走险的办法。 »Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl's life. 医生们不惜一切地奋力抢救小女孩的生命。 3. [not usually before noun] ~ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) needing or wanting sth very much • 非常需要；极想；渴望: »He was so desperate for a job he would have done anything. 他当时太想找份工作了,什么事都愿意干。 »I was absolutely desperate to see her. 我极想见到她。 »(informal) I'm desperate for a cigarette. 我很想抽支烟。 4. (of a situation 情况) extremely serious or dangerous • 极严重的；极危险的；很危急的: »The children are in desperate need of love and attention. 这些孩子非常需要爱心和关怀。 »They face a desperate shortage of clean water. 他们面临无污染水源的严重短缺。 ♦ des∙per∙ate∙ly adv.: »desperately ill / unhappy / lonely 病得厉害；极为不快；极其孤独 »He took a deep breath, desperately trying to keep calm. 他深深地吸了口气,竭尽全力保持镇定。 »They desperately wanted a child. 他们非常想要一个孩子。 »She looked desperately around for a weapon. 她在四下里找,急于弄到一件武器。
crim∙inal / ˈkriminl / ◙ adj. 1. [usually before noun] connected with or involving crime • 犯罪的；犯法的；涉及犯罪的: »criminal offences / behaviour 刑事犯罪；犯罪行为 »criminal damage (= the crime of damaging sb's property deliberately) 刑事损害 »criminal negligence (= the illegal act of sb failing to do sth that they should do, with the result that sb else is harmed) 过失犯罪 2. [only before noun] connected to the laws that deal with crime • 刑法的；刑事的: »criminal law 刑法 »the criminal justice system 刑事审判制度 »a criminal lawyer 刑事诉讼律师 »to bring criminal charges against sb 对某人提起刑事诉讼 --› comparecivil(3) 3. morally wrong • 道德上错误的；不道德的: »This is a criminal waste of resources. 这是一种浪费资源的可耻行为。 ◙ noun • a person who commits a crime • 罪犯: »Society does not know how to deal with hardened criminals (= people who regularly commit crimes and are not sorry for what they do). 社会不知道怎样处置惯犯。 »(especially NAmE) a career criminal 职业罪犯
ten∙sion / ˈtenʃn / ◙ noun 1. [U, C, usually pl.] ~ (between A and B) a situation in which people do not trust each other, or feel unfriendly towards each other, and which may cause them to attack each other • 紧张局势(或关系、状况): »There is mounting tension along the border. 边境局势日趋紧张。 »international / racial / political tensions 国际紧张局势；种族间的紧张关系；政治上的紧张状况 2. [C, U] ~ (between A and B) a situation in which the fact that there are different needs or interests causes difficulties • 矛盾；对立: »There is often a tension between the aims of the company and the wishes of the employees. 公司的目标和雇员的愿望之间经常存在矛盾。 3. [U] a feeling of anxiety and stress that makes it impossible to relax • (情绪上的)紧张,烦躁: »nervous tension 神经紧张 »We laughed and that helped ease the tension. 我们笑了,因而使紧张的情绪缓和下来。 --› note atpressure 4. [U] the feeling of fear and excitement that is created by a writer or a film / movie director • (作家或电影导演制造的)紧张气氛: »dramatic tension 扣人心弦的紧张气氛 »As the movie progresses the tension builds. 随着电影剧情的发展,气氛越来越紧张。 5. [U] the state of being stretched tight; the extent to which sth is stretched tight • 拉伸；张力；拉紧状态；绷紧程度: »muscular tension 肌肉绷紧 »Adjust the string tension of your tennis racket to suit your style of playing. 调节网球拍的网张力,以配合你的打法。 --› see alsosurface tension◙ verb [VN] • (technical 术语) to make a wire, sail, etc. tight and stretched • (使金属线、帆等)拉紧,绷紧
twist / twist / ◙ verb ›› BEND INTO SHAPE 弯曲成形 1. [VN] to bend or turn sth into a particular shape • 使弯曲,使扭曲(成一定形状): »Twist the wire to form a circle. 把铁丝弯成一个环。 2. [often +adv. / prep.] to bend or turn sth into a shape or position that is not normal or natural; to be bent or turned in this way • (使)弯曲变形,扭曲变形: ▪ [VN] »He grabbed me and twisted my arm behind my back. 他抓住我,把我的胳膊扭到背后。 ▪ [V] »Her face twisted in anger. 她气得脸都变形了。 ›› TURN BODY 转动身体 3. to turn part of your body around while the rest stays still • 扭转,转动(身体部位): ▪ [VN] »He twisted his head around to look at her. 他扭过头去看她。 ▪ [V] »She twisted in her chair when I called her name. 我唤她的名字时,她坐在座椅上转过身来。 4. [usually +adv. / prep.] to turn your body with quick sharp movements and change direction often • (猛地将身体)转动,旋转,扭动: ▪ [V] »I twisted and turned to avoid being caught. 我左躲右闪免得被捉住。 »She tried unsuccessfully to twist free. 她试图挣脱身子,但无济于事。 ▪ [VN] »He managed to twist himself round in the restricted space. 他设法在有限的空间内转过身来。 ›› TURN WITH HAND 用手转动 5. [VN] to turn sth around in a circle with your hand • (用手)转动,旋转: »Twist the knob to the left to open the door. 向左转动手柄把门打开。 »Nervously I twisted the ring on my finger. 我紧张地转动着手指上的戒指。 ›› OF ROADS / RIVERS 道路；河流 6. [V] to bend and change direction often • 曲折；蜿蜒；盘旋: »The road twists and turns along the coast. 道路沿着海滨蜿蜒曲折。 »narrow twisting streets 狭窄弯曲的街道 »a twisting staircase 盘旋而上的楼梯 ›› ANKLE / WRIST / KNEE 踝；腕；膝 7. [VN] to injure part of your body, especially your ankle, wrist or knee, bending it in an awkward way • 扭伤；崴伤: »She fell and twisted her ankle. 她摔了一下,把脚崴了。 --› note atinjure ›› WIND AROUND 缠绕 8. [VN +adv. / prep.] to wind sth around or through an object • 使缠绕；缭绕；盘绕: »She twisted a scarf around her head. 她用一条围巾裹住了头。 »The telephone cable has got twisted (= wound around itself). 电话线缠绕在一起了。 9. [V] ~ (round / around sth) to move or grow by winding around sth • 蠕动；盘绕；缠绕生长: »A snake was twisting around his arm. 一条蛇缠绕在他的手臂上。 ›› FACTS 事实 10. [VN] to deliberately change the meaning of what sb has said, or to present facts in a particular way, in order to benefit yourself or harm sb else • (故意)歪曲,曲解 【SYN】misrepresent: »You always twist everything I say. 你总是歪曲我说的每一句话。 »The newspaper was accused of twisting the facts. 这家报纸被指责歪曲事实。 ›› THREADS 线 11. [VN] ~ sth (into sth) to turn or wind threads, etc. together to make sth longer or thicker • 捻,搓,绞(线等): »They had twisted the sheets into a rope and escaped by climbing down it. 他们把牀单绞成绳子,缘绳而下逃走了。
【IDIOMS】
◘ twist sb's 'arm •(informal) to persuade or force sb to do sth • 劝说；强迫；生拉硬拽；施加压力 --› more atknifen.,little finger
【PHR V】
◘ ˌtwist sth∽'off • to turn and pull sth with your hand to remove it from sth • 拧开；扭脱: »I twisted off the lid and looked inside. 我拧开盖子往里面看。 »a twist-off top 一拧即开的盖儿 ◙ noun ›› ACTION OF TURNING 旋转 1. [C] the action of turning sth with your hand, or of turning a part of your body • 转动；旋转；搓；捻；拧；扭动: »She gave the lid another twist and it came off. 她又拧了一下,盖儿开了。 »He gave a shy smile and a little twist of his head. 他羞怯地笑了笑,略微扭了一下头。 ›› UNEXPECTED CHANGE 意外变化 2. [C] an unexpected change or development in a story or situation • (故事或情况的)转折,转变,突然变化: »the twists and turns of his political career 他政治生涯的一波三折 »The story has taken another twist. 故事情节再一次变化。 »The disappearance of a vital witness added a new twist to the case. 一名重要证人失踪,令诉讼出现了新的变数。 »By a curious twist of fate we met again only a week or so later. 由于命运巧妙的安排,大约只过了一周我们又相逢了。 ›› IN ROAD / RIVER 道路；河流 3. [C] a sharp bend in a road or river • 急转弯处；曲折处: »The car followed the twists and turns of the mountain road. 汽车沿着弯弯曲曲的山路行驶。 ›› SHAPE 形状 4. [C] a thing that has been twisted into a particular shape • 螺旋状的东西；卷曲物；捻合成的东西: »mineral water with a twist of lemon 加了一片柠檬的矿泉水 ›› DANCE 舞蹈 5. the twist [sing.] a fast dance that was popular in the 1960s, in which you twist from side to side • 扭摆舞(盛行于 20 世纪 60 年代) ◘ round the bend / twist •(informal, especially BrE) crazy • 发疯；疯狂: »She's gone completely round the twist. 她完全疯了。 --› more atknickersplot / plɔt; NAme plɑ:t / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] the series of events which form the story of a novel, play, film / movie, etc. • 故事情节；布局: »a conventional plot about love and marriage 传统的婚恋故事情节 »The book is well organized in terms of plot. 这本书的故事布局十分严谨。 2. [C] ~ (to do sth) a secret plan made by a group of people to do sth wrong or illegal • 阴谋；密谋 【SYN】conspiracy 3. [C] a small piece of land that is used or intended for a special purpose • (专用的)小块土地: »She bought a small plot of land to build a house on. 她买了一小块地盖所房子。 »a vegetable plot 一块菜圃 --› note atland
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌlose the 'plot (BrE, informal) • to lose your ability to understand or deal with what is happening • 迷惘；不知所措 ◘ the plot 'thickens • used to say that a situation is becoming more complicated and difficult to understand • 情况变得复杂起来◙ verb (-tt-) 1. ~ (with sb) (against sb) to make a secret plan to harm sb, especially a government or its leader • 密谋；暗中策划 【SYN】conspire: ▪ [V] »They were accused of plotting against the state. 他们被指控阴谋叛乱。 ▪ [VN] »Military officers were suspected of plotting a coup. 人们怀疑军方在策划政变。 ▪ [V to inf] »They were plotting to overthrow the government. 他们在密谋颠覆政府。 2. [VN] ~ sth (on sth) to mark sth on a map, for example the position or course of sth • (在地图上)画出,标出: »The earthquake centres had been plotted on a world map. 地震震中均被标示在一张世界地图上。 3. [VN] ~ sth (on sth) to make a diagram or chart from some information • 绘制(图表): »We carefully plotted each patient's response to the drug on a chart. 我们仔细绘出了每个病人对这种药物反应的图表。 4. [VN] ~ sth (on sth) to mark points on agraphand draw a line or curve connecting them • 绘制(曲线): »First, plot the temperature curve on the graph. 首先,在图表上绘出温度曲线来。 5. [VN] to write theplotof a novel, play, etc. • (为小说、戏剧等)设计情节；布局: »a tightly-plotted thriller 情节丝丝入扣的惊险刺激小说
gen∙er∙ous / ˈdʒenərəs / ◙ adj. (approving) 1. ~ (with sth) giving or willing to give freely; given freely • 慷慨的；大方的；慷慨给予的: »a generous benefactor 慷慨的捐助者 »to be generous with your time 不吝惜时间 »to be generous in giving help 乐于助人 »a generous gift / offer 丰厚的礼物；慷慨的提议 »It was generous of him to offer to pay for us both. 他主动为我们俩付钱,真是大方。 【OPP】mean 2. more than is necessary; large • 丰富的；充足的；大的 【SYN】lavish: »a generous helping of meat 一大份肉 »The car has a generous amount of space. 这辆汽车的空间很大。 3. kind in the way you treat people; willing to see what is good about sb / sth • 宽厚的；宽宏大量的；仁慈的: »a generous mind 宽阔的胸怀 »He wrote a very generous assessment of my work. 他给我写的工作评价多有赞誉之词。 ♦ gen∙er∙ous∙ly adv.: »Please give generously. 请慷慨施与。 »a dress that is generously cut (= uses plenty of material) 用料多的连衣裙
vain / vein / ◙ adj. 1. that does not produce the result you want • 徒劳的；枉然的；无结果的 【SYN】useless: »She closed her eyes tightly in a vain attempt to hold back the tears. 她紧闭双眼,却无法忍住眼泪。 »I knocked loudly in the vain hope that someone might answer. 我敲门敲得很响,希望有人应声,却是徒然。 2. (disapproving) too proud of your own appearance, abilities or achievements • 自负的；自视过高的 【SYN】conceited: »She's too vain to wear glasses. 她太爱虚荣,不肯戴眼镜。 --› see alsovanity(1)
【IDIOMS】
◘ in 'vain • without success • 枉费心机；徒劳无益；白费力气: »They tried in vain to persuade her to go. 他们极力劝说她去,但枉费了一番口舌。 »All our efforts were in vain. 我们的所有努力都付诸东流了。 --› more atnamen.
rigid / ˈridʒid / ◙ adj. 1. (often disapproving) (of rules, methods, etc. 规则、方法等) very strict and difficult to change • 死板的；僵硬的 【SYN】inflexible: »The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid. 课程设置过于狭窄和死板。 »His rigid adherence to the rules made him unpopular. 他对规则的刻板坚持使得他不受欢迎。 2. (of a person 人) not willing to change their ideas or behaviour • 固执的；僵化的；一成不变的 【SYN】inflexible: »rigid attitudes 固执的态度 3. (of an object or substance 物体或物质) stiff and difficult to move or bend • 坚硬的；不弯曲的；僵直的: »a rigid support for the tent 帐篷的坚硬的支柱 »She sat upright, her body rigid with fear. 她直挺挺地坐着,吓得浑身发僵。 »(figurative) I was bored rigid (= extremely bored). 我觉得无聊极了。 ♦ ri∙gid∙ity / riˈdʒidəti / noun [U, C] : »the rigidity of the law on this issue 法律在这个问题上的僵化处理 »the rigidity of the metal bar 金属栅栏的坚固性 ♦ ri∙gid∙ly adv.: »The speed limit must be rigidly enforced. 必须严格执行限速规定。 »She stared rigidly ahead. 她呆呆地盯着前方。
civil / ˈsivl / ◙ adj. 1. [only before noun] connected with the people who live in a country • 国民的；平民的: »civil unrest (= that is caused by groups of people within a country) 民众的骚乱 --› see alsocivil war 2. [only before noun] connected with the state rather than with religion or with the armed forces • 国家的,政府的(非宗教或军事的): »a civil marriage ceremony 非宗教仪式的结婚典礼 3. [only before noun] involving personal legal matters and not criminal law • 民事的(非刑事的): »a civil court 民事法庭 --› comparecriminal --› see alsocivil law 4. polite in a formal way but possibly not friendly • 有礼貌的；客气的 【OPP】uncivil ♦ civ∙il∙ly / ˈsivəli / adv.: »She greeted him civilly but with no sign of affection. 她礼貌地向他打招呼,但没有一丝爱意。
bent / bent / --› see alsobend,bent,bent ◙ adj. 1. not straight • 弯曲的: »a piece of bent wire 一段弯曲的金属丝 »Do this exercise with your knees bent (= not with your legs straight). 这个动作要求双膝弯曲。 2. (of a person 人) not able to stand up straight, usually as a result of being old or ill / sick • (因年老或生病)驼背的,弯腰的: »a small bent old woman 一个矮小驼背的老太太 »He was bent double with laughter. 他笑弯了腰。 3. (BrE, informal) (of a person in authority 当权者) dishonest • 不诚实的；不正派的
【IDIOMS】
◘ 'bent on sth / on doing sth • determined to do sth (usually sth bad) • 决心要做,一心想做(通常指坏事): »She seems bent on making life difficult for me. 她似乎专门和我过不去。 --› see alsohell-bent◙ noun [usually sing.] • ~ (for sth) a natural skill or interest in sth • (某方面的)天赋,爱好: »She has a bent for mathematics. 她有数学天赋。
theme / θi:m / ◙ noun 1. the subject or main idea in a talk, piece of writing or work of art • (演讲、文章或艺术作品的)题目,主题,主题思想: »North American literature is the main theme of this year's festival. 北美文学是今年艺术节的主题。 »The President stressed a favourite campaign theme—greater emphasis on education. 总统强调了最受人欢迎的竞选主题——更加重视教育。 »The naked male figure was always the central theme of Greek art. 男性裸体画像总是希腊艺术的中心主题。 »The stories are all variations on the theme of unhappy marriage. 这些故事讲来讲去无非是这样那样的不幸婚姻。 2. (music 音) a short tune that is repeated or developed in a piece of music • (乐曲的)主题,主旋律 3. =theme music: »the theme from 'The Godfather' 《教父》的主题音乐 4. (old-fashioned, NAmE) a short piece of writing on a particular subject, done for school • (学生的)作文 5. (linguistics 语言) the part of a sentence or clause that contains information that is not new to the reader or audience • (句子的)主位；词干；主题 --› comparerheme◙ adj. • (BrE) ~ pub / bar / restaurant, etc. a pub, bar, etc. that is designed to reflect a particular subject or period of history • (反映某主题或历史时期的)主题酒馆(或酒吧、餐馆等): »an Irish theme pub 爱尔兰主题酒馆
vio∙lent / ˈvaiələnt / ◙ adj. 1. involving or caused by physical force that is intended to hurt or kill sb • 暴力的；强暴的: »violent crime 暴力犯罪 »Students were involved in violent clashes with the police. 学生和警察发生了暴力冲突。 »He met with a violent death (= he was murdered, killed in a fight, etc.) 他遭暴力致死。 »Her husband was a violent man. 她丈夫是个粗暴的人。 »The crowd suddenly turned violent. 人群中突然有人开始大打出手。 »Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies (= that show a lot of violence). 不应允许儿童看暴力电影。 2. showing or caused by very strong emotion • 感情强烈的；激情的；由激情引起的: »There was a violent reaction from the public. 公众的反应强烈。 3. very strong and sudden • 猛烈的；剧烈的；强烈的 【SYN】intense,severe: »I took a violent dislike to him. 我很讨厌他。 »a violent explosion 剧烈的爆炸 »a violent change 急剧的变化 »a violent headache 剧烈的头痛 4. (of a colour 颜色) extremely bright • 强烈的；鲜艳夺目的: »Her dress was a violent pink. 她的连衣裙是非常鲜艳的粉红色。
paint∙er / ˈpeintə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a person whose job is painting buildings, walls, etc. • 油漆匠: »He works as a painter and decorator. 他的职业是油漆匠和装潢师傅。 2. an artist who paints pictures • 画家: »a famous painter 著名画家 »a portrait / landscape painter 一位肖像/风景画家 3. a rope fastened to the front of a boat, used for tying it to a post, ship, etc. • (系船的)缆绳
work∙house / ˈwə:khaus; NAme ˈwə:rk- / (BrE) (also poor∙house NAmE, BrE) ◙ noun • (in Britain in the past) a building where very poor people were sent to live and given work to do • (英国旧时的)济贫院,劳动救济所
mil∙lion∙aire / ˌmiljəˈneə(r); NAme -ˈner / ◙ noun • a person who has a million pounds, dollars, etc.; a very rich person • 百万富翁；大富豪: »an oil millionaire 石油行业的百万富翁 »She's a millionaire several times over. 她是个亿万富婆。 »a millionaire businessman 腰缠百万的商人
vice / vais / ◙ noun 1. [U] criminal activities that involve sex or drugs • (与性或毒品有关的)罪行: »plain-clothes detectives from the vice squad 取缔性或毒品犯罪行动队的便衣侦探 2. [U, C] evil or immoral behaviour; an evil or immoral quality in sb's character • 恶行；不道德行为；堕落；邪恶: »The film ended most satisfactorily: vice punished and virtue rewarded. 这部电影的结尾皆大欢喜:邪恶受到惩治,善良得到报偿。 »Greed is a terrible vice. 贪婪是一种恶习。 »(humorous) Cigarettes are my only vice. 我唯一的罪过就是爱抽烟。 3. (BrE) (NAmEvise) [C] a tool with two metal blocks that can be moved together by turning a screw. The vice is used to hold an object firmly while work is done on it. • 枱钳；老虎钳: »He held my arm in a vice-like (= very firm) grip. 他的手像老虎钳一样紧紧抓住了我的手臂。
re∙form / riˈfɔ:m; NAme riˈfɔ:rm / ◙ verb 1. [VN] to improve a system, an organization, a law, etc. by making changes to it • 改革；改进；改良: »proposals to reform the social security system 改革社会保险体制的建议 »The law needs to be reformed. 法律需要进行改革。 2. to improve your behaviour; to make sb do this • (使)改正,改造(行为)；(使)悔改: ▪ [VN] »She thought she could reform him. 她觉得她可以使他洗心革面。 ▪ [V] »He has promised to reform. 他许诺要改过自新。 ♦ re∙formed adj.: »a reformed character 改过自新的人 ◙ noun [U, C] • change that is made to a social system, an organization, etc. in order to improve or correct it • 改革；变革；改良；改善: »a government committed to reform 致力于改革的政府 »economic / electoral / constitutional, etc. reform 经济、选举、宪法等改革 »the reform of the educational system 教育体制的改革 »reforms in education 教育改革 »far-reaching / major / sweeping reforms 意义深远的/重大的/彻底的变革
threat / θret / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] ~ (to do sth) a statement in which you tell sb that you will punish or harm them, especially if they do not do what you want • 威胁；恐吓: »to make threats against sb 对某人进行威胁 »She is prepared to carry out her threat to resign. 对于将辞职的要挟付诸行动,她已做好了思想准备。 »He received death threats from right-wing groups. 他收到了右翼团体的死亡恐吓。 »crimes involving violence or the threat of violence 涉及暴力或暴力威胁的罪行 2. [U, C, usually sing.] the possibility of trouble, danger or disaster • 凶兆；征兆: »These ancient woodlands are under threat from new road developments. 新道路的发展可能对这些古老的林地造成破坏。 »There is a real threat of war. 确有战争的征兆。 3. [C, usually sing.] ~ (to sth) a person or thing that is likely to cause trouble, danger, etc. • 构成威胁的人；形成威胁的事物: »He is unlikely to be a threat to the Spanish player in the final. 相信他不会在决赛中对这位西班牙运动员形成威胁。 »Drugs pose a major threat to our society. 毒品成为对社会的一大威胁。
vio∙lence / ˈvaiələns / ◙ noun [U] 1. ~ (against sb) violent behaviour that is intended to hurt or kill sb • 暴力；暴行: »crimes / acts / threats of violence 暴力犯罪/行为/威胁 »He condemned the protesters' use of violence against the police. 他谴责抗议者对警察使用暴力。 »domestic violence (= between family members) 家庭暴力 »Why do they always have to resort to violence ? 为什么他们总是非要诉诸暴力不可呢？ »Violence broke out / erupted inside the prison last night. 昨晚监狱里发生了暴力事件。 »Is there too much sex and violence on TV? 电视上有太多的色情和暴力吗？ 2. physical or emotional force and energy • 狂热；激情；激烈的力量: »The violence of her feelings surprised him. 她感情之强烈使他吃惊。
re∙sist / riˈzist / ◙ verb 1. to refuse to accept sth and try to stop it from happening • 抵制；阻挡 【SYN】oppose: ▪ [VN] »to resist change 抵制变革 »They are determined to resist pressure to change the law. 他们决心顶住要求改革法律的压力。 ▪ [V -ing] »The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 银行强烈反对降低利率。 ▪ [also V] 2. to fight back when attacked; to use force to stop sth from happening • 反抗；回击；抵抗: ▪ [V] »He tried to pin me down, but I resisted. 他试图制伏我,但我奋力反抗。 ▪ [VN] »She was charged with resisting arrest. 她被控拒捕。 3. (usually in negative sentences 通常用于否定句) to stop yourself from having sth you like or doing sth you very much want to do • 忍住；抵挡: ▪ [VN] »I finished the cake. I couldn't resist it. 我忍不住把整块蛋糕都吃了。 »I found the temptation to miss the class too hard to resist. 我抵挡不住逃课的诱惑。 ▪ [V -ing] »He couldn't resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。 ▪ [also V] 4. [VN] to not be harmed or damaged by sth • 使不受…的伤害；抗(伤害): »A healthy diet should help your body resist infection. 健康饮食有助于身体抗感染。 »This new paint is designed to resist heat. 这种新油漆具有耐热性。
re∙unite / ˌri:ju:ˈnait / ◙ verb 1. ~ A with B | ~ A and B [usually passive] to bring two or more people together again after they have been separated for a long time; to come together again • (使)重逢,再次相聚: ▪ [VN] »Last night she was reunited with her children. 昨天晚上,她和她的子女再度团聚。 »The family was reunited after the war. 战争过后,一家人又相聚了。 ▪ [V] »There have been rumours that the band will reunite for a world tour. 有传言说这个乐队将再度聚集作一次环球演出。 2. to join together again separate areas or separate groups within an organization, a political party, etc.; to come together again • (使)再结合,再联合: ▪ [VN] »As leader, his main aim is to reunite the party. 作为领导,他的主要目标就是要使党内各派团结起来。 ▪ [also V] ˌhome-'made ◙ adj. • made at home, rather than produced in a factory and bought in a shop / store • 家里制作的
bind / baind / ◙ verb (bound, bound / baund / ) ›› ðɪə θɪðH ɔOPə / ɔɚOðH 捆绑 1. əʒŋ] ~ sb / sth (to sth) | ~ sb / sth (together) to tie sb / sth with rope, string, etc. so that they cannot move or are held together firmly • 捆绑；系: »She was bound to a chair. 她被捆在一把椅子上。 »They bound his hands together. 他们把他的双手绑在一起。 »He was left bound and gagged (= tied up and with a piece of cloth tied over his mouth). 他被捆起来,用布封住嘴,扔在那儿了。 2. [VN] ~ sth (up) to tie a long thin piece of cloth around sth • (用长布条)缠绕: »She bound up his wounds. 她把他的伤口包扎好。 ›› UNITE 结合 3. [VN] ~ A and B (together) | ~ A to B to unite people, organizations, etc. so that they live or work together more happily or effectively • (使)联合在一起,结合: »Organizations such as schools and clubs bind a community together. 诸如学校、俱乐部等机构使社区成为一个整体。 »She thought that having his child would bind him to her forever. 她以为生了他的孩子就会永远把他留住。 ›› MAKE SB DO STH 驱使 4. [usually passive] ~ sb (to sth) to force sb to do sth by making them promise to do it or by making it their duty to do it • 约束；迫使: ▪ [VN] »He had been bound to secrecy (= made to promise not to tell people about sth). 他被迫保守秘密。 ▪ [VN to inf] »The agreement binds her to repay the debt within six months. 根据协议,她必须在六个月内还清债务。 --› see alsobinding adj.,bound adj. (2) ›› STICK TOGETHER 粘合 5. ~ (sth) (together) to stick together or to make things stick together in a solid mass • (使)粘合,凝结: ▪ [V] »Add an egg yolk to make the mixture bind. 加个蛋黄使混合料凝结在一起。 ▪ [VN] »Add an egg yolk to bind the mixture together. 加个蛋黄使混合料凝结在一起。 ›› BOOK 书籍 6. [VN] [usually passive] to fasten the pages of a book together and put them inside a cover • 装订: »two volumes bound in leather 两卷皮面装帧的书 ›› SEW EDGE 缝边 7. [VN] [often passive] ~ sth (with sth) to sew the edge of sth to decorate it or to make it stronger • 给…镶边；缝牢…的边: »The blankets were bound with satin. 那些毯子是用缎子包边的。
◘ ˌbind sb 'over əusually passive] 1. (NAmE) (law 律) to give sbbailwhile they are waiting to go to trial • 允许某人保释候审: »He was bound over for trial. 他获得了保释候审。 2. (BrE) (law 律) to give sb a formal warning that if they break the law again they will be punished • 令某人具结保证(不再违法): »She was bound over to keep the peace for a year. 她被责令具保一年内不再闹事。 ◙ noun [sing.] • (BrE, informal) an annoying situation that is often difficult to avoid • 窘境 --› see alsodouble bind ◘ in a 'bind (NAmE) • in a difficult situation that you do not know how to get out of • 陷于困境；进退维谷
spin / spin / ◙ verb (spin∙ning, spun, spun / spʌn / ) ›› ðuɔŋ ɔOuŋD ʌuɪɔKɚY 快速旋转 1. ~ (sth) (round / around) to turn round and round quickly; to make sth do this • (使)快速旋转: ▪ [V] »The plane was spinning out of control. 飞机失去控制,不停地旋转。 »a spinning ice skater 做旋转动作的溜冰者 »My head is spinning (= I feel as if my head is going around and I can't balance). 我觉得天旋地转。 ▪ [VN] »to spin a ball / coin / wheel 转动球/硬币/轮子 2. ~ (round / around) to turn round quickly once; to make sb do this • (使)急转身,猛转回头,急转弯: ▪ [V] »He spun around to face her. 他猛地回过身来,面对着她。 ▪ [also VN] ›› MAKE THREAD 纺线 3. ~ (A into B) | ~ (B from A) to make thread from wool, cotton, silk, etc. by twisting it • 纺(线)；纺(纱): ▪ [V] »She sat by the window spinning. 她坐在窗前纺线。 ▪ [VN] »to spin and knit wool 纺毛线织毛活 »spinning silk into thread 把蚕丝纺成线 ›› OF SPIDER / SILKWORM 蜘蛛；蚕 4. [VN] to produce thread from its body to make a web orcocoon • 吐(丝)；作(茧)；结(网): »a spider spinning a web 结网的蜘蛛 ›› DRIVE / TRAVEL QUICKLY 高速驾驶/行进 5. [V +adv. / prep.] to drive or travel quickly • 驾车飞驰；疾驰: »They went spinning along the roads on their bikes. 他们骑自行车沿公路疾驰。 ›› DRY CLOTHES 甩干衣服 6. [VN] to remove the water from clothes that have just been washed, in aspin dryer • (用旋转式脱水机)甩干衣服 ›› PRESENT INFORMATION 陈述 7. [VN] to present information or a situation in a particular way, especially six that makes you or your ideas seem good • 有倾向性地陈述；(尤指)以有利于自己的口吻描述: »An aide was already spinning the senator's defeat as 'almost as good as an outright win'. 一名助手已经开始将那位参议员的失败描述成"几乎是大获全胜"。
【IDIOMS】
◘ spin (sb) a 'yarn, 'tale, etc. • to try to make sb believe a long story that is not true • 杜撰故事,编造故事(以让人信以为真) --› more atheeln.
【PHR V】
◘ ˌspin 'off (from sth) ◘ | ˌspin sth∽'off (from sth) • to happen or to produce sth as a new or unexpected result of sth that already exists • 脱胎(于某事物)；(从某事物)派生,衍生；随之而产生: »products spinning off from favourite books 从一些畅销书衍生出的产品 --› related nounspin-off ◘ ˌspin sth∽'off (business 商) (especially NAmE) • to form a new company from parts of an existing one • 从…脱离出来(组建新公司): »The transportation operation will be spun off into a separate company. 运输部门将脱离出来组建为一家独立公司。 ◘ ˌspin sth∽'out • to make sth last as long as possible • 拉长；拖长◙ noun ›› FAST TURNING MOVEMENT 高速旋转 1. [C, U] a very fast turning movement • 高速旋转: »the earth's spin 地球的自转 »the spin of a wheel 轮子的转动 »Give the washing a short spin. 把洗过的衣服稍稍甩一下。 2. [C, usually sing.] if an aircraft goes into a spin, it falls and turns round rapidly • (飞机的)旋冲,螺旋 ›› IN CAR 乘汽车 3. [C] (informal, becoming old-fashioned) a short ride in a car for pleasure • 兜风: »Let's go for a spin. 咱们兜风去。 ›› IN TENNIS / CRICKET 网球；板球 4. [U] the way you make a ball turn very fast when you throw it or hit it • 旋转: »She puts a lot of spin on the ball. 她打出的球旋转得很厉害。 »a spin bowler (= incricket, abowlerwho uses spin) 投旋转球的板球投球手 --› see alsotopspin ›› ON INFORMATION 陈述 5. [sing., U] (informal) a way of presenting information or a situation in a particular way, especially six that makes you or your ideas seem good • (尤指有利于自己的)导向性陈述: »Politicians put their own spin on the economic situation. 政治家们对经济形势各执一词。 ◘ in a (flat) 'spin • very confused, worried or excited • 晕头转向；急得团团转；十分激动: »Her resignation put her colleagues in a spin. 她的辞职令同事们摸不着头脑。
sneak∙er / ˈsni:kə(r) / ◙ noun (NAmE) =trainer(1) : »He wore old jeans and a pair of sneakers. 他穿一条旧牛仔裤,脚登运动鞋。
PIN / pin / (also 'Pɪŋ number) ◙ noun • the abbreviation for 'personal identification number' (a number given to you, for example by a bank, so that you can use a plastic card to take out money from a cash machine) • 个人身分识别号码,个人密码(全写为 personal identification number,银行等向顾客提供的可与提款卡配合使用的号码) --› see alsochip and PINpin / pin / ◙ noun ›› FOR FASTENING / JOINING 用于固定/连接 1. a short thin piece of stiff wire with a sharp point at six end and a round head at the other, used especially for fastening together pieces of cloth when sewing • 大头针 --› see alsobobby pin,drawing pin,hairpin,linchpin,pins and needles,safety pin ›› JEWELLERY 首饰 2. a short thin piece of stiff wire with a sharp point at six end and an item of decoration at the other, worn as jewellery • 胸针；饰针: »a diamond pin 一枚钻石胸针 --› see alsotiepin 3. (especially NAmE) =brooch ›› BADGE 证章 4. (especially NAmE) a type ofbadgethat is fastened with a pin at the back • (有别针的)徽章: »He supports the group and wears its pin on his lapel. 他支持这个团体,并在翻领上佩戴它的徽章。 ›› MEDICAL 医疗 5. a piece of steel used to support a bone in your body when it has been broken • (接骨用的)钢钉 ›› ELECTRICAL 电器 6. one of the metal parts that stick out of an electric plug and fit into asocket • (插头的)管脚: »a 2-pin plug 双芯插头 ›› IN GAMES 游戏 7. a wooden or plastic object that is shaped like a bottle and that players try to knock down in games such asbowling • (保龄球等的)木瓶,瓶柱 --› see alsoninepins,tenpin ›› IN GOLF 高尔夫球 8. a stick with a flag on top of it, placed in a hole so that players can see where they are aiming for • 旗杆 --› see alsolinchpin ›› LEGS 腿 9. pins [pl.] (informal) a person's legs • (人的)双腿 ›› ON SMALL BOMB 小炸弹上 10. a small piece of metal on ahand grenadethat stops it from exploding and is pulled out just before thehand grenadeis thrown • (手榴弹上的)保险栓,保险针
【IDIOMS】
◘ for ten 'pins •(old-fashioned, BrE) used to say that you would like to do sth, even though you know that it would not be sensible • 恨不得；恨不能: »I'd kill him for ten pins. 我恨不得杀了他。 --› more athear◙ verb (-nn-) ▪ [VN +adv. / prep.] ›› FASTEN / JOIN 固定；连接 1. to attach sth onto another thing or fasten things together with a pin, etc. • (用大头钉等)固定,别上,钉住: »She pinned the badge onto her jacket. 她把徽章别到外衣上。 »A message had been pinned to the noticeboard. 布告牌上钉着一条消息。 »Pin all the pieces of material together. 把这些材料都钉到一起。 »She always wears her hair pinned back. 她总是把头发往后别。 ›› PREVENT MOVEMENT 阻碍 2. to make sb unable to move by holding them or pressing them against sth • 使不能动弹；按住；箝住: »They pinned him against a wall and stole his wallet. 他们把他挤在墙边,偷走了他的钱包。 »He grabbed her arms and pinned them to her sides. 他抓住她的双臂,按在她的腰间。 »They found him pinned under the wreckage of the car. 人们发现他被卡在汽车残骸下。 ◘ ˌpin (all) your 'hopes on sb / sth | ◘ ˌpin your 'faith on sb / sth • to rely on sb / sth completely for success or help • 完全依赖；寄希望于；指望: »The company is pinning its hopes on the new project. 这家公司对此新项目寄予厚望。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌpin sb∽'down 1. to make sb unable to move by holding them firmly • 按住；使动弹不得: »Two men pinned him down until the police arrived. 两个人按住他直到警察赶来。 2. to find sb and make them answer a question or tell you sth you need to know • 找某人查问；使说清楚: »I need the up-to-date sales figures but I can never pin him down at the office. 我需要最新的销售数字,可就是不能在办公室找到他问清楚。 ◘ ˌpin sb∽'down (to sth / doing sth) • to make sb make a decision or say clearly what they think or what they intend to do • 使决定；使说明意向: »It's difficult to pin her down to fixing a date for a meeting. 让她确定个开会日期实在是难。 ◘ ˌpin sth∽'down • to explain or understand sth exactly • 确切说明(或理解): »The cause of the disease is difficult to pin down precisely. 病因目前还难以解释清楚。 ◘ 'pin sth on sb • to make sb be blamed for sth, especially for sth they did not do • 使承担过失: »No six would admit responsibility. They all tried to pin the blame on someone else. 谁也不肯负责,大家都竭力把过失推给别人。 »You can't pin this six on me—I wasn't even there! 这事你不能怪罪我。我当时根本不在场！
ˌworn 'out ◙ adj. 1. (of a thing 物品) badly damaged and / or no longer useful because it has been used a lot • 破烂不堪的；废旧的: »These shoes are worn out. 这双鞋破得不能再穿了。 »the gradual replacement of worn-out equipment 破旧设备的逐渐更新 »a speech full of worn-out old clichés 充满老掉牙的陈词滥调的演讲 2. [not usually before noun] (of a person 人) looking or feeling very tired, especially as a result of hard work or physical exercise • 疲惫不堪；精疲力竭: »Can we sit down? I'm worn out. 我们能坐下吗？我都累坏了。 --› compareoutwornen∙vel∙ope / ˈenvələup; ˈɔn-; NAmE ˈenvəloup; ˈɑ:n- / ◙ noun 1. a flat paper container used for sending letters in • 信封: »writing paper and envelopes 信纸和信封 »an airmail / padded / prepaid envelope 航空/有垫料夹层的/预付邮资信封 --› see alsopay envelope,sae,SASE 2. a flat container made of plastic for keeping papers in • 塑料封套；塑料封皮； 塑胶封套
【IDIOMS】
--› seepushv.
ˌbrand 'new ◙ adj. • completely new • 全新的；崭新的: »a brand new computer 全新的计算机 »She bought her car brand new. 她买的汽车是全新的。
spit / spit / ◙ verb (spit∙ting, spat, spat / spæt /
【HəɚP】Spit is also sometimes used for the past tense and past participle, especially in NAme. • 过去时和过去分词有时也用 spit,尤其在北美英语中。
) ›› FROM MOUTH 从嘴里 1. [VN] ~ sth (out) to force liquid, food, etc. out of your mouth • 吐,唾(唾沫、食物等): »She took a mouthful of food and then suddenly spat it out. 她吃了一口食物,突然又吐了出来。 »He was spitting blood from a badly cut lip. 他嘴唇伤得不轻,正不停地唾血。 2. [V] ~ (at / on sb / sth) to forcesaliva(= the liquid that is produced in the mouth) out of your mouth, often as a sign of anger or lack of respect • 啐唾沫(常表示愤怒或鄙视): »He coughed and spat. 他咳嗽一声,吐了口痰。 »The prisoners were spat on by their guards. 监狱看守朝犯人身上吐唾沫。 »She spat in his face and went out. 她朝他脸上啐了一口,然后走了出去。 ›› SAY STH ANGRILY 愤怒地说 3. to say sth in an angry or aggressive way • 怒斥: ▪ [V speech] »'You liar!' she spat. "你撒谎！"她怒叱道。 ▪ [VN] »He was dragged out of the court, spitting abuse at the judge and jury. 他被拖出法庭,嘴里还不停地骂着法官和陪审团。 ›› OF AN ANIMAL 动物 4. [V] to make a short angry sound • (发怒时)发呼噜呼噜声: »Snakes spit and hiss when they are cornered. 蛇陷入绝境时会发出噝噝呼呼的声音。 ›› OF STH COOKING / BURNING 蒸煮/燃烧的东西 5. [V] to make a noise and throw out fat,sparks, etc. • 噝噝地冒油；劈啪作响；爆出火花: »sausages spitting in the frying pan 在煎锅里噝噝冒油的香肠 »The logs on the fire crackled and spat. 火中的木头劈啪作响,爆出火花。 ›› RAIN 雨 6. [V] (informal) (only used in the progressive tenses 仅用于进行时) when it is spitting, it is raining lightly • 下小雨
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌspit it 'out • (informal) usually used in orders to tell sb to say sth when they seem frightened or unwilling to speak • 有话就讲；有什么尽管说出来: »If you've got something to say, spit it out! 有什么话,你尽管说出来！ ◘ spit 'venom / 'blood • to show that you are very angry; to speak in an angry way • 怒气冲天；咬牙切齿 ◘ within 'spitting distance (of sth) (BrE) (also within 'shouting distance NAmE, BrE) (informal) • very close • 很近
【PHR V】
◘ ˌspit 'up (NAmE, informal) (especially of a baby 尤指婴儿) • tovomit(= bring food from the stomach back out through the mouth) • 呕吐◙ noun ›› IN / FROM MOUTH (从)嘴里 1. [U] the liquid that is produced in your mouth • 唾液；唾沫 【SYN】saliva 2. [C, usually sing.] the act ofspittingliquid or food out of your mouth • 啐唾沫；吐痰；吐食物 ›› PIECE OF LAND 一块陆地 3. [C] a long thin piece of land that sticks out into the sea / ocean, a lake, etc. • 岬；沙嘴 ›› FOR COOKING MEAT 烤肉 4. [C] a long thin straight piece of metal that you put through meat to hold and turn it while you cook it over a fire • 烤肉扦 ◘ ˌspit and 'polish •(informal) thorough cleaning and polishing of sth • 彻底的擦洗chest / tʃest / ◙ noun 1. the top part of the front of the body, between the neck and the stomach • 胸部；胸膛: »The bullet hit him in the chest. 子弹击中了他的胸部。 »She gasped for breath, her chest heaving. 她喘着气,胸部不停地起伏。 »a chest infection 胸部感染 »chest pains 胸部疼痛 »a hairy chest 毛茸茸的胸部 2. -chested (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the type of chest mentioned • 有…胸的；胸部…的: »flat-chested 胸部扁平 »broad-chested 胸部宽阔 3. a large strong box, usually made of wood, used for storing things in and / or moving them from one place to another • (常为木制的)大箱子: »a medicine chest 药箱 »a treasure chest 财宝箱 --› see alsohope chest,tea chest,war chest
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌget sth off your 'chest • to talk about sth that has been worrying you for a long time so that you feel less anxious • 倾吐心里的烦恼；吐出心事；一吐为快 --› more atcardn.
attic / ˈætik / ◙ noun • a room or space just below the roof of a house, often used for storing things • (紧靠屋顶的)阁楼,顶楼: »furniture stored in the attic 存放在阁楼的家具 »an attic bedroom 顶楼卧室 --› comparegarret,loft(1)
ˌmodern-'day ◙ adj. [only before noun] 1. of the present time • 现代的；当代的 【SYN】contemporary: »modern-day America 当代美国 2. used to describe a modern form of sb / sth, usually sb / sth bad or unpleasant, that existed in the past • 现代版的,翻新的(通常用于消极事物): »It has been called modern-day slavery. 人们称之为现代版的奴隶制度。
step∙mother / ˈstepmʌðə(r) / ◙ noun • the woman who is married to your father but who is not your real mother • 继母
step∙sis∙ter / ˈstepsistə(r) / ◙ noun • the daughter from an earlier marriage of yourstepmotherorstepfather • 继姐,继妹(继母与其前夫或继父与其前妻所生的女儿) --› comparehalf-sisterrag / ræɡ / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] a piece of old, often torn, cloth used especially for cleaning things • 抹布；破布 --› see alsoglad rags 2. [C] (informal, usually disapproving) a newspaper that you believe to be of low quality • 质量低劣的报纸；小报: »the local rag 地方小报 3. a piece ofragtimemusic • 雷格泰姆乐曲 4. (BrE) [U, C] an event or a series of events organized by students each year to raise money for charity • (学生每年组织的)慈善募捐活动: »rag week 学生募捐周
【IDIOMS】
◘ in 'rags • wearing very old torn clothes • 衣衫褴褛；穿得破旧: »The children were dressed in rags. 孩子们穿着破衣烂衫。 ◘ (from) ˌrags to 'riches • from being extremely poor to being very rich • 从赤贫到巨富: »a rags-to-riches story 穷人发迹史 »Hers was a classic tale of rags to riches. 她的经历是从赤贫到富有的一个典型例子。 ◘ ˌlose your 'rag (BrE, informal) • to get angry • 发怒；生气 --› more atredadj. ◙ verb (-gg-) [VN] • ~ sb (about sth) (old-fashioned, BrE) to laugh at and / or play tricks on sb • 嘲笑；捉弄 【SYN】tease
【PHR V】
◘ 'rag on sb (NAmE, informal) • to complain to sb about their behaviour, work, etc. • 向某人抱怨(或埋怨、发牢骚)
res∙cue / ˈreskju: / ◙ verb • ~ sb / sth (from sth / sb) to save sb / sth from a dangerous or harmful situation • 营救；援救；抢救: ▪ [VN] »He rescued a child from drowning. 他救起了一名落水儿童。 »They were eventually rescued by helicopter. 他们最后被直升机救走了。 »The house was rescued from demolition. 这所房子保住了,可以不拆。 »You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 我正感到尴尬,你为我解了围。 ▪ [VN-ADJ] »She had despaired of ever being rescued alive. 她那时对获救生还已经绝望了。 --› note atsave ♦ res∙cuer noun◙ noun 1. [U] the act of saving sb / sth from a dangerous or difficult situation; the fact of being saved • 救援；营救；抢救；获救: »We had given up hope of rescue. 我们那时已经放弃了获救的希望。 »A wealthy benefactor came to their rescue with a generous donation. 一位富有的赞助人慷慨解囊挽救了他们。 »a rescue attempt / operation 一次营救行动 »a mountain rescue team 高山救援队 »rescue workers / boats / helicopters 救援人员/船只/直升机 2. [C] an occasion when sb / sth is saved from a dangerous or difficult situation • 营救行动: »Ten fishermen were saved in a daring sea rescue. 在一次惊心动魄的海上营救行动中,十名渔民获救。
wrap / ræp / ◙ verb (-pp-) 1. [VN] ~ sth (up) (in sth) to cover sth completely in paper or other material, for example when you are giving it as a present • 包,裹(礼物等): »He spent the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents. 他花了一个晚上的时间把圣诞礼物都包了起来。 »individually wrapped chocolates 单块包装的巧克力 --› see alsogift-wrap 2. [VN] ~ A (up) in B | ~ B round / around A to cover sth / sb in material, for example in order to protect it / them • 用…包裹(或包扎、覆盖等): »I wrapped the baby (up) in a blanket. 我用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。 »I wrapped a blanket around the baby. 我用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。 »Wrap the meat in foil before you cook it. 把肉用锡箔裹起来后再烧。 --› see alsoshrink-wrapped 3. [VN] ~ sth around / round sth / sb to put sth firmly around sth / sb • 用…缠绕(或围紧): »A scarf was wrapped around his neck. 他的脖子上围着一条围巾。 »His arms were wrapped around her waist. 他的双臂紧紧环抱她的腰。 4. ~ (sth) (around / round) (computing 计) to cause text to be carried over to a new line automatically as you reach the end of the previous line; to be carried over in this way • (使文字)换行: ▪ [VN] »How can I wrap the text around? 我怎么才能使文本换行呢？ ▪ [V] »The text wraps around if it is too long to fit the screen. 如果文本太长,在显示屏放不下的话,会自动换行。 --› compareunwrap
【IDIOMS】
◘ be ˌwrapped 'up in sb / sth • to be so involved with sb / sth that you do not pay enough attention to other people or things • 专心致志于；全神贯注于；完全沉浸于 【SYN】absorbed,engrossed --› more atlittle finger
【PHR V】
◘ ˌwrap 'up ◘ | ˌwrap it 'up (slang) • usually used as an order to tell sb to stop talking or causing trouble, etc. • 住口；闭嘴；别再捣乱 ◘ ˌwrap 'up ◘ | ˌwrap sb / yourself 'up • to put warm clothes on sb / yourself • (使)穿得暖和: »She told them to wrap up warm / warmly. 她叫他们穿暖和点。 ◘ ˌwrap sth∽'up (informal) • to complete sth such as an agreement or a meeting in an acceptable way • 圆满完成,顺利结束(协议或会议等): »That just about wraps it up for today. 这就差不多给今天画了个圆满的句号。 ◙ noun 1. [C] a piece of cloth that a woman wears around her shoulders for decoration or to keep warm • (女用)披肩,围巾 2. [U] paper, plastic, etc. that is used for wrapping things in • 包裹(或包装)材料: »We stock a wide range of cards and gift wrap. 我们备有各种各样的贺卡和礼品包装材料。 --› see alsoplastic wrap 3. [sing.] used when making a film / movie to say that filming has finished • (拍摄电影时)完成拍摄,停机: »Cut! That's a wrap. 停！就拍摄到这儿。 4. [C] a type ofsandwichmade with a coldtortillarolled around meat or vegetables • 墨西哥卷(用冻玉米薄饼裹肉或蔬菜而成的三明治) ◘ under 'wraps •(informal) being kept secret until some time in the future • 保密；隐藏: »Next year's collection is still being kept under wraps. 明年的时装系列仍在保密之中。
su∙preme / su:ˈpri:m; BrE also sju:- / ◙ adj. [usually before noun] 1. highest in rank or position • (级别或地位)最高的,至高无上的: »the Supreme Commander of the armed forces 武装力量的最高统帅 »the supreme champion 绝对冠军 »It is an event in which she reigns supreme. 这个比赛项目她所向无敌。 2. very great or the greatest in degree • (程度)很大的,最大的: »to make the supreme sacrifice (= die for what you believe in) 做出最大牺牲(为信仰牺牲生命) »a supreme effort 最大的努力 »She smiled with supreme confidence. 她充满自信地微微一笑。
repu∙ta∙tion / ˌrepjuˈteiʃn / ◙ noun [C, U] • ~ (as sth) | ~ (for sth / for doing sth) the opinion that people have about what sb / sth is like, based on what has happened in the past • 名誉；名声: »to earn / establish / build a reputation 赢得/确立/树立声誉 »to have a good / bad reputation 有好/坏名声 »She soon acquired a reputation as a first-class cook. 她不久就获得了一级厨师的荣誉。 »I'm aware of Mark's reputation for being late. 我知道马克迟到是出了名的。 »to damage / ruin sb's reputation 有损/毁坏某人的名声 »The weather in England is living up to its reputation (= is exactly as expected). 英国的天气真是名副其实。
debt / det / ◙ noun 1. [C] a sum of money that sb owes • 借款；欠款；债务: »I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country. 我得在离开该国前偿清所有债务。 »an outstanding debt of £300 * 300 英镑有待偿还的债务 »He had run up credit card debts of thousands of dollars. 他积欠了数千元的信用卡借款。 2. [U] the situation of owing money, especially when you cannot pay • 负债情况: »He died heavily in debt. 他死时负债累累。 »The club is £4 million in debt. 这家俱乐部负债 400 万英镑。 »We were poor but we never got into debt. 我们穷是穷,但从不负债。 »It's hard to stay out of debt when you are a student. 当学生很难不负债。 »a country's foreign debt burden 国家的外债负担 --› see alsobad debt 3. [C, usually sing.] the fact that you should feel grateful to sb because they have helped you or been kind to you • 人情债；情义；恩情: »to owe a debt of gratitude to sb 欠某人的情 »I would like to acknowledge my debt to my teachers. 我想向我的老师表达我的感激之情。
【IDIOMS】
◘ be in sb's 'debt •(formal) to feel grateful to sb for their help, kindness, etc. • 欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人
holy / ˈhəuli; NAme ˈhouli / ◙ adj. (holi∙er, holi∙est) 1. [usually before noun] connected with God or a particular religion • 与神(或宗教)有关的；神圣的: »the Holy Bible / Scriptures 《圣经》 »holy ground 圣地 »a holy war (= six fought to defend the beliefs of a particular religion) 圣战 »the holy city of Mecca 圣城麦加 »Islam's holiest shrine 伊斯兰教最神圣的圣地 【OPP】unholy --› see alsoholy orders 2. good in a moral and religious way • 圣洁的: »a holy life / man 圣洁的生活/人 【OPP】unholy 3. [only before noun] (informal) used to emphasize that you are surprised, afraid, etc. • (强调惊讶、害怕等): »Holy cow! What was that? 天哪！那是什么？ --› see alsoholier-than-thou,holiness◙ verb [VN] • be widowed if sb is widowed, their husband or wife has died • 使丧偶；使成为寡妇(或鳏夫): »She was widowed when she was 35. 她 35 岁时就守了寡。 ♦ widowed adj.: »his widowed father 他鳏居的父亲
monu∙ment / ˈmɔnjumənt; NAme ˈmɑ:n- / ◙ noun 1. ~ (to sb / sth) a building, column, statue, etc. built to remind people of a famous person or event • 纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等): »A monument to him was erected in St Paul's Cathedral. 在圣保罗大教堂为他修了一座纪念碑。 2. a building that has special historical importance • 历史遗迹；有历史价值的建筑: »an ancient monument 古迹 3. ~ to sth a thing that remains as a good example of sb's qualities or of what they did • 丰碑；永久的典范: »These recordings are a monument to his talent as a pianist. 这些录音是展现他钢琴家才华的不朽之作。
adore / əˈdɔ:(r) / ◙ verb (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) 1. [VN] to love sb very much • 热爱,爱慕(某人): »It's obvious that she adores him. 她显然深深地爱着他。 --› note atlove 2. (informal) to like sth very much • 喜爱,热爱(某事物): ▪ [VN] »I simply adore his music! 我简直太喜爱他的音乐了！ ▪ [V -ing] »She adores working with children. 她热爱为儿童工作。 --› note atlikero∙man∙tic / rəuˈmæntik; NAme rou- / ◙ adj. 1. connected or concerned with love or a sexual relationship • 浪漫的；爱情的；情爱的: »a romantic candlelit dinner 浪漫的烛光晚餐 »romantic stories / fiction / comedy 言情故事/小说/喜剧 »I'm not interested in a romantic relationship. 我对谈情说爱不感兴趣。 2. (of people 人) showing feelings of love • 多情的；表达爱情的: »Why don't you ever give me flowers? I wish you'd be more romantic. 你为什么从来不给我送花？我真希望你能浪漫一点。 3. beautiful in a way that makes you think of love or feel strong emotions • 浪漫的；富有情调的；美妙的: »romantic music 富有情调的音乐 »romantic mountain scenery 美妙的山区风光 4. having an attitude to life where imagination and the emotions are especially important; not looking at situations in a realistic way • 富于幻想而不切实际的: »a romantic view of life 对于生活的不切实际的想法 »When I was younger, I had romantic ideas of becoming a writer. 我年轻一些的时候幻想过要成为一名作家。 5. Romantic [usually before noun] used to describe literature, music or art, especially of the 19th century, that is concerned with strong feelings, imagination and a return to nature, rather than reason, order andintellectualideas • 浪漫主义的,浪漫主义风格的(尤用以描述 19 世纪的文学、音乐或艺术,以情感强烈、想像和回归自然为特征): »the Romantic movement 浪漫主义运动 »Keats is six of the greatest Romantic poets. 济慈是最伟大的浪漫主义诗人之一。 ♦ ro∙man∙tic∙al∙ly / -kli / adv.: »to be romantically involved with sb 与某人坠入情网 »Their names have been linked romantically. 他们的名字已经被缠绵的爱意连在一起。 »He talked romantically of the past and his youth. 他情深意切地谈论着往昔和他的年少时光。 ◙ noun 1. a person who is emotional and has a lot of imagination, and who has ideas and hopes that may not be realistic • 浪漫的人；耽于幻想的人: »an incurable romantic 摆脱不了不切实际的幻想的人 »He was a romantic at heart and longed for adventure. 他骨子里是一位浪漫的人,渴望历险。 2. Romantic a writer, a musician or an artist who writes, etc. in the style ofRomanticism • 浪漫主义作家(或音乐家、艺术家)
in∙tend / inˈtend / ◙ verb 1. to have a plan, result or purpose in your mind when you do sth • 打算；计划；想要: ▪ [V] »We finished later than we had intended. 我们完成时已超出原定时间。 ▪ [V to inf] »I fully intended (= definitely intended) to pay for the damage. 我确实诚心想赔偿损失。 ▪ [VN to inf] »The writer clearly intends his readers to identify with the main character. 作者显然想使读者能与主人公产生共鸣。 ▪ [V -ing] »(BrE) I don't intend staying long. 我不打算长期逗留。 ▪ [VN] »The company intends a slow-down in expansion. 公司准备放慢扩展速度。 ▪ [VNN] »He intended her no harm (= it was not his plan to harm her). 他无意伤害她。 ▪ [VN that] »It is intended that production will start at the end of the month. 计划中月底将开始生产。 ▪ [also V that] 2. [VN] ~ sth (by sth) | ~ sth (as sth) to plan that sth should have a particular meaning • 意指 【SYN】mean: »What exactly did you intend by that remark? 你那句话到底想说什么？ »He intended it as a joke. 他只想开个玩笑。
para∙graph / ˈpærəɡrɑ:f; NAme -ɡræf / ◙ noun (abbr. par., para.) • a section of a piece of writing, usually consisting of several sentences dealing with a single subject. The first sentence of a paragraph starts on a new line. • 段；段落: »an opening / introductory paragraph 开头的/导引的一段 »Write a paragraph on each of the topics given below. 就下面所列主题各写一个段落。 »See paragraph 15 of the handbook. 参见手册第 15 段。
rhyme / raim / ◙ noun 1. [C] a word that has the same sound or ends with the same sound as another word • 押韵词；同韵词: »Can you think of a rhyme for 'beauty'? 你能想出和 beauty 押韵的词吗？ 2. [C] a short poem in which the last word in the line has the same sound as the last word in another line, especially the next one • 押韵的短诗: »children's rhymes and stories 儿歌和童话 --› see alsonursery rhyme 3. [U] the use of words in a poem or song that have the same sound, especially at the ends of lines • 押韵；韵词的应用: »a poem written in rhyme 押韵的诗 »the poet's use of rhyme 诗人对韵的运用
【IDIOMS】
◘ there's no ˌrhyme or 'reason to / for sth | ◘ without ˌrhyme or 'reason • if there is no rhyme or reason to sth or it happens without rhyme or reason, it happens in a way that cannot be easily explained or understood • 毫无道理；无规律可循；莫名其妙◙ verb 1. [V] ~ (with sth) if ten words, syllables, etc. rhyme, or if one rhymes with the other, they have or end with the same sound • (词或音节)押韵,和…同韵: »'Though' rhymes with 'low'. * though 和 low 押韵。 »'Tough' and 'through' don't rhyme. * tough 和 through 不押韵。 »rhyming couplets 同韵偶句 2. [VN] ~ sth (with sth) to put words that sound the same together, for example when you are writing poetry • 使押韵: »You can rhyme 'girl' with 'curl'. 你可以用 girl 和 curl 押韵。 3. [V] (of a poem 诗歌) to have lines that end with the same sound • 押句尾韵: »I prefer poems that rhyme. 我喜欢句尾押韵的诗。
tune / tju:n; NAme tu:n / ◙ noun [C] • a series of musical notes that are sung or played in a particular order to form a piece of music • 曲调；曲子: »He was humming a familiar tune. 他低声哼着一支熟悉的小曲。 »I don't know the title but I recognize the tune. 我不知道曲名,但听得出这曲调。 »It was a catchy tune (= song). 这是一首悦耳易记的曲子。 »a football song sung to the tune of (= using the tune of) 'When the saints go marching in' 用《圣者的行进》的曲调唱的足球歌 --› see alsosignature tune,theme tune at theme music
【IDIOMS】
◘ be ˌin / ˌout of 'tune (with sb / sth) • to be / not be in agreement with sb / sth; to have / not have the same opinions, feelings, interests, etc. as sb / sth • (与…)协调/不协调,一致/不一致,融洽/不融洽: »These proposals are perfectly in tune with our own thoughts on the subject. 这些建议与我们在这个问题上的想法完全一致。 »The President is out of tune with public opinion. 总统与公众舆论大唱反调。 ◘ ˌin / ˌout of 'tune • to be / not be singing or playing the correct musical notes to sound pleasant • 音调正确/不正确；演奏合调/走调: »None of them could sing in tune. 他们中没有一个人能唱得合调。 »The piano is out of tune. 钢琴弹得走调了。 ◘ to the tune of sth • (informal) used to emphasize how much money sth has cost • (用于强调)总额达,总数为: »The hotel has been refurbished to the tune of a million dollars. 这家旅馆重新装修花费达一百万元。 --› more atcallv.,changev.,dancev.,payv.,sing◙ verb [VN] 1. to adjust a musical instrument so that it plays at the correctpitch • (为乐器)调音,校音: »to tune a guitar 给吉他调弦 2. to adjust an engine so that it runs smoothly and as well as possible • 调整,调节(发动机) 3. [usually passive] ~ sth (in) (to sth) to adjust the controls on a radio or television so that you can receive a particular programme or channel • (给收音机、电视等)调谐,调频道: »The radio was tuned (in) to the BBC World Service. 收音机调到了英国广播公司国际广播电台。 »(informal)Stay tuned for the news coming up next. 别转台,下面的新闻马上就来。 4. ~ sth (to sth) to prepare or adjust sth so that it is suitable for a particular situation • 调整；使协调；使适合: »His speech was tuned to what the audience wanted to hear. 他在演讲中专讲听众爱听的话。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌtune 'in (to sth) • to listen to a radio programme or watch a television programme • 收听(收音机广播节目)；收看(电视节目) ◘ ˌtune 'in to sb / sth • to become aware of other people's thoughts and feelings, etc. • 理解,体谅(他人的思想感情等) ◘ ˌtune 'out ◘ | ˌtune sb / sth∽'out • to stop listening to sth • 不理睬；思想开小差: »When she started talking about her job, he just tuned out. 在她开始谈她工作的时候,他走神了。 ◘ ˌtune 'up ◘ | ˌtune sth∽'up • to adjust musical instruments so that they can play together • (乐队等为乐器)调音,定弦: »The orchestra was tuning up as we entered the hall. 我们进入音乐厅时,管弦乐队正在调音。 thou / ðau / ◙ pron. (old use or dialect) • a word meaning 'you', used when talking to only one person who is the subject of the verb • (用作第二人称单数动词的主语)你,汝；尔 --› comparetheethee / ði: / ◙ pron. (old use or dialect) • a word meaning 'you', used when talking to only six person who is the object of the verb • (第二人称单数的宾格)你: »We beseech thee, O Lord. 主啊,我们恳求您。 --› comparethoufare∙well / ˌfeəˈwel; NAmE ˌferˈwel / ◙ noun [C, U] • the act of saying goodbye to sb • 告别；辞行: »She said her farewells and left. 她告别后就离开了。 »a farewell party / drink, etc. 欢送会、惜别酒会等 ◙ exclamation (old use) or • (formal) • goodbye • 再见；再会
spring / spriŋ / ◙ noun ›› SEASON 季节 1. [U, C] the season between winter and summer when plants begin to grow • 春天；春季: »flowers that bloom in spring / in the spring 春天开的花 »He was born in the spring of 1944. 他生于 1944 年春。 »There's a feeling of spring in the air today. 今天可以感到一点春天的气息。 »spring flowers 春天的花 ›› TWISTED WIRE 弹簧 2. [C] a twisted piece of metal that can be pushed, pressed or pulled but which always returns to its original shape or position afterwards • 弹簧；发条: »bed springs 牀垫弹簧 3. [U] the ability of a spring to return to its original position • 弹性；弹力: »The mattress has lost its spring. 那个牀垫失去弹性了。 ›› WATER 水 4. [C] a place where water comes naturally to the surface from under the ground • 泉: »a mountain spring 山泉 »spring water 泉水 ›› CHEERFUL QUALITY 活力 5. [U, sing.] a cheerful, lively quality • 活力；朝气: »She walked along with a spring in her step. 她迈着轻快的步伐向前走去。 ›› SUDDEN JUMP 跳跃 6. [C] a quick sudden jump upwards or forwards • 跳；跃: »With a spring, the cat leapt on to the table. 猫一跃跳上桌子。
【IDIOMS】
—more atjoy◙ verb (sprang / spræŋ / sprung / sprʌŋ / ) (, NAmE also sprung, sprung) ›› ʊuMP / MOʒə SuDDəŋɚY 跳跃 1. əʒ , usually +adv. / prep.] (of a person or an animal 人或动物) to move suddenly and with one quick movement in a particular direction • 跳；跃；蹦 【SYN】leap: »He turned off the alarm and sprang out of bed. 他止住闹钟,从牀上跳了下来。 »Everyone sprang to their feet (= stood up suddenly) when the principal walked in. 校长进来时,所有的人都立刻站了起来。 »The cat crouched ready to spring. 那猫躬起背准备跳。 »(figurative) to spring to sb's defence / assistance (= to quickly defend or help sb) 连忙站出来保护/帮助某人 2. (of an object 物体) to move suddenly and violently • 突然猛烈地移动 ▪ [V +adv. / prep.] »The branch sprang back and hit him in the face. 树枝弹回来打在他脸上。 ▪ [V-ADJ] »She turned the key and the lid sprang open. 她一拧钥匙,盖子啪地打开了。 ›› SURPRISE 使吃惊 3. [VN] ~ sth (on sb) to do sth, ask sth or say sth that sb is not expecting • 突如其来地做；冷不防地问；突然说: »She sprang a surprise by winning the tournament. 这次比赛她获得冠军,爆了个大冷门。 »I'm sorry to spring it on you, but I've been offered another job. 我很抱歉这样突然告诉您,我另有工作了。 ›› APPEAR SUDDENLY 突然出现 4. [V +adv. / prep.] to appear or come somewhere suddenly • 突然出现(或来到): »Tears sprang to her eyes. 她眼里一下子涌出了泪水。 ›› FREE PRISONER 救出被拘禁者 5. [VN] (informal) to help a prisoner to escape • 帮助…逃跑(或越狱)；营救: »Plans to spring the hostages have failed. 营救人质的计划失败了。 ◘ ˌspring into 'action | ◘ ˌspring into / to 'life (of a person, machine, etc. 人、机器等) • to suddenly start working or doing sth • 突然工作(或行动)起来: »'Let's go!' he said, springing into action. 他突然行动起来,说道:"咱们走！" »The town springs into life (= becomes busy) during the carnival. 狂欢节期间,全城突然热闹起来。 ◘ spring a 'leak (of a boat or container 船舶或容器) • to develop a hole through which water or another liquid can pass • 出现裂缝；开裂漏水 ◘ spring a 'trap 1. to make a trap for catching animals close suddenly • 使捕兽器突然合上 2. to try to trick sb into doing or saying sth; to succeed in this • 设套诱使某人做(或说) --› more athopen.,mindn.
【PHR V】
◘ 'spring for sth (NAmE, informal) • to pay for sth for sb else • (替别人)付…的账: »I'll spring for the drinks tonight. 今晚的饮料我来付账。 ◘ 'spring from sth (formal) • to be caused by sth; to start from sth • 由某事物造成；起源于(或来自)某事物: »The idea for the novel sprang from a trip to India. 写这部小说的想法源于一次去印度的旅行。 ◘ 'spring from... (informal) • to appear suddenly and unexpectedly from a particular place • 突如其来地从(某处)出现: »Where on earth did you spring from? 你究竟是从哪儿冒出来的？ ◘ ˌspring 'up • to appear or develop quickly and / or suddenly • 迅速出现；突然兴起lass / læs / (also las∙sie / ˈlæsi / ) ◙ noun • (ScotE, NEngE) a girl; a young woman • 女孩；少女；年轻女子 --› comparelad(1),laddiemelt / melt / ◙ verb 1. to become or make sth become liquid as a result of heating • (使)熔化,融化: ▪ [V] »The snow showed no sign of melting. 雪没有一点融化的迹象。 »melting ice 正在融化的冰 ▪ [VN] »The sun had melted the snow. 阳光融化了积雪。 »First, melt two ounces of butter. 先溶好两盎司黄油。 --› comparedefrost,de-ice 2. to become or to make a feeling, an emotion, etc. become gentler and less strong • (使)软化,变得温柔: ▪ [V] »The tension in the room began to melt. 屋里的紧张气氛开始缓和。 ▪ [VN] »Her trusting smile melted his heart. 她那信任的微笑使他的心变软了。
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌmelt in your 'mouth (of food 食物) • to be soft and very good to eat • 爽滑可口；柔嫩好吃 --› more atbuttern.
【PHR V】
◘ ˌmelt a'way ◘ | ˌmelt sth∽a'way • to disappear or make sth disappear gradually • (使)慢慢消失: »At the first sign of trouble, the crowd melted away. 人群一看有麻烦,便作鸟兽散。 ◘ ˌmelt sth∽'down • to heat a metal orwaxobject until it is liquid, especially so that the metal orwaxcan be used to make sth else • 将(金属或蜡)熔化 --› related nounmeltdown ◘ 'melt into sth • to gradually become part of sth and therefore become difficult to see • 逐渐融入；渐渐与某物成为一体