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dragon / ˈdræɡən /
◙ noun
1. (in stories) a large aggressive animal with wings and a long tail, that can breathe out fire
• (传说中的)龙
2. (disapproving, especially BrE) a woman who behaves in an aggressive and frightening way
• 悍妇；母夜叉
re∙spon∙sible / riˈspɔnsəbl; NAme -ˈspɑ:n- /
◙ adj.
›› HAVING JOB / DUTY 有工作/职责
1. ~ (for sb / sth) | ~ (for doing sth) having the job or duty of doing sth or taking care of sb / sth, so that you may be blamed if sth goes wrong
• 有责任；负责；承担义务:
»Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.
迈克负责设计全部工程。
»Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be responsible for their children.
即使父母不再共同生活,他们也要分别对子女负责。
›› CAUSING STH 引起某事
2. ~ (for sth) being able to be blamed for sth
• 应受责备；有责任:
»Who's responsible for this mess?
是谁弄得这么乱？
»Everything will be done to bring those responsible to justice.
将竭尽全力把罪魁祸首绳之以法。
»He is mentally ill and cannot be held responsible for his actions.
他有精神病,不能对自己的行为负责。
3. ~ (for sth) being the cause of sth
• 作为原因；成为起因:
»Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
因患肺癌而死亡者,约 90% 是吸烟所致。
›› TO SB IN AUTHORITY 对主管者
4. ~ to sb / sth to have to report to sb / sth with authority or in a higher position and explain to them what you have done
• (向主管者或上级)承担责任:
»The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Assembly.
内阁须向议会负责。
›› RELIABLE 可靠
5. (of people or their actions or behaviour 人或行为举止) that you can trust and rely on
• 可信任的；可信赖的；可靠的
【SYN】 conscientious :
»Clare has a mature and responsible attitude to work.
克莱尔对待工作成熟而可信赖。
【OPP】 irresponsible
›› JOB 工作
6. [usually before noun] needing sb who can be trusted and relied on; involving important duties
• 责任重大的；需要可靠的人负责的:
»a responsible job / position
责任重大的工作/岗位
spokes∙man / ˈspəuksmən; NAme ˈspou- / , spokes∙woman / ˈspəukswumən; NAme ˈspou- /
◙ noun (pl. -men / -mən / , -women / -wimin / )
• ~ (for sb / sth) a person who speaks on behalf of a group or an organization
• 发言人:
»a police spokesman
警方发言人
»A spokeswoman for the government denied the rumours.
一位政府女发言人否认了那些传言。
--› note at gender
cri∙ter∙ion / kraiˈtiəriən; NAmE -ˈtir- /
◙ noun (pl. cri∙teria / -riə / )
• a standard or principle by which sth is judged, or with the help of which a decision is made
• (评判或作决定的)标准,准则,原则:
»The main criterion is value for money.
主要的标准是要划算。
»What criteria are used for assessing a student's ability?
用什么标准来评定一个学生的能力？
fi∙nance / ˈfainæns; faiˈnæns; fəˈnæns /
◙ noun
1. [U] ~ (for sth) money used to run a business, an activity or a project
• 资金:
»Finance for education comes from taxpayers.
教育经费来自纳税人。
2. [U] the activity of managing money, especially by a government or commercial organization
• 财政；金融；财务:
»the Minister of Finance
财政部长
»the finance director / department
财务主任；财务科
»a diploma in banking and finance
银行学与金融学文凭
»the world of high finance (= finance involving large companies or countries)
高级金融界(关乎大公司或国家的金融)
3. finances [pl.] the money available to a person, an organization or a country; the way this money is managed
• (个人、组织、国家的)财力,财源,财务管理:
»government / public / personal finances
政府/公共/个人财力
»It's about time you sorted out your finances.
现在是你整顿财务状况的时候了。
»Moving house put a severe strain on our finances.
搬家使我们的经济十分紧张。
◙ verb [VN]
• to provide money for a project
【SYN】 fund
• 提供资金:
»The building project will be financed by the government.
这个建筑项目将由政府出资。
»He took a job to finance his stay in Germany.
他找了一份工作以赚钱支付在德国的费用。
de∙fence (BrE) (NAmE de∙fense) / diˈfens /
◙ noun
›› PROTECTION AGAINST ATTACK 防御
1. [U] the act of protecting sb / sth from attack, criticism, etc.
• 防御；保护；保衞:
»soldiers who died in defence of their country
为保衞祖国而献身的战士
»When her brother was criticized she leapt to his defence.
她的兄弟受到批评时,她马上跳出来衞护。
»What points can be raised in defence of this argument?
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
»I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.
我得为她说句话,她事先并不知道此事。
--› see also self-defence
2. [C, U] ~ (against sth) something that provides protection against attack from enemies, the weather, illness, etc.
• 防御物；防务；防御能力:
»The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks.
城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。
»The harbour's sea defences are in poor condition.
港口的海防工事状况很差。
»The body has natural defence mechanisms to protect it from disease.
人体具有先天性防御机制。
»Humour is a more effective defence than violence.
幽默是比暴力更有效的防御武器。
3. [U] the organization of the people and systems that are used by a government to protect a country from attack
• 国防机构；国防体系:
»(BrE) the Ministry of Defence
国防部
»(NAmE) the Department of Defense
国防部
»Further cuts in defence spending are being considered.
目前正在考虑进一步削减国防开支。
›› SUPPORT 支持
4. [C] something that is said or written in order to support sth
• 辩解；辩白:
»a defence of Marxism
为马克思主义辩解
›› LAW 法律
5. [C] what is said in court to prove that a person did not commit a crime; the act of presenting this argument in court
• 辩护；辩词；答辩:
»Her defence was that she was somewhere completely different at the time of the crime.
她辩护说案发时她根本就不在现场。
»He wanted to conduct his own defence.
他想自己为自己辩护。
6. the defence [sing. + sing. / pl. v.] the lawyer or lawyers whose job is to prove in court that a person did not commit a crime
• 被告方；辩方
--› compare prosecution (2)
›› IN SPORT 体育运动
7. [sing., U] the players who must prevent the other team from scoring; the position of these players on the sports field
• 防守队员；防守；后衞:
»Welford cut through the defence to score the winning goal.
韦尔福特突破防守射进了获胜的一球。
»(BrE) She plays in defence.
她打防守。
»(NAmE) He plays on defense.
他打防守。
--› compare attack , offense (2)
8. [C] a contest, game, etc. in which the previous winner or winners compete in order to try to win again
• 衞冕赛:
»Milan's defence of the European Cup
欧洲杯米兰队冠军衞冕赛
re∙stric∙tion / riˈstrikʃn /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (on sth) a rule or law that limits what you can do or what can happen
• 限制规定；限制法规:
»import / speed / travel, etc. restrictions
进口、速度、旅行等限制
»to impose / place a restriction on sth
对某事实行限制
»The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.
政府已经同意撤销对新闻自由的限制。
--› note at limit
2. [U] the act of limiting or controlling sb / sth
• 限制；约束:
»sports clothes that prevent any restriction of movement
宽松的运动服
3. [C] a thing that limits the amount of freedom you have
• 制约因素:
»the restrictions of a prison
监狱的种种约束
de∙lib∙er∙ate∙ly / diˈlibərətli /
◙ adv.
1. done in a way that was planned, not by chance
• 故意；蓄意；存心
【SYN】 intentionally , on purpose :
»She's been deliberately ignoring him all day.
她故意整天都不理他。
2. slowly and carefully
• 不慌不忙地；小心翼翼地；从容不迫地:
»He packed up his possessions slowly and deliberately.
他慢慢地、小心翼翼地收拾好自己的物品。
boy∙cott / ˈbɔikɔt; NAmE -kɑ:t /
◙ verb [VN]
• to refuse to buy, use or take part in sth as a way of protesting
• 拒绝购买(或使用、参加)；抵制:
»We are asking people to boycott goods from companies that use child labour.
我们正呼吁大家抵制雇用童工的公司的产品。
◙ noun
• ~ (of / on sth) an act of boycotting sb / sth
• (对某事物的)抵制:
»a trade boycott of British goods
对英国货品的贸易抵制
»a boycott on the use of tropical wood
拒绝使用热带木材
hatch / hætʃ /
◙ verb
1. [V] ~ (out) (of a young bird, fish, insect, etc. 小鸟、小鱼、小虫等) to come out of an egg
• 孵出；出壳:
»Ten chicks hatched (out) this morning.
今早有十只小鸡出壳了。
2. [V] ~ (out) (of an egg 蛋) to break open so that a young bird, fish, insect, etc. can come out
• 孵化；破壳:
»The eggs are about to hatch.
这些蛋就要孵化了。
3. [VN] to make a young bird, fish, insect, etc. come out of an egg
• 使(小鸟、小鱼、小虫等)孵出:
»The female must find a warm place to hatch her eggs.
母的必须找个温暖的地方孵蛋。
4. [VN] ~ sth (up) to create a plan or idea, especially in secret
• 策划；(尤指)密谋:
»Have you been hatching up a deal with her?
你是不是在和她密谋什么交易？ 【IDIOMS】
—more at count v.
◙ noun
1. (also hatch∙way) an opening or a door in the deck of a ship or the bottom of an aircraft, through which goods to be carried are passed
• (船甲板或飞机底部装货物的)舱口
2. an opening in a wall between two rooms, especially a kitchen and a dining room , through which food can be passed
• (尤指厨房和餐厅之间供传递食物的)两室之间的小窗口:
»a serving hatch
传递饭菜的窗口
3. a door in an aircraft or a spacecraft
• (飞机或宇宙飞船的)舱门:
»an escape hatch
紧急出口
4. an opening or a door in a floor or ceiling
• (地面或天花板的)开口,门,盖子:
»a hatch to the attic
通阁楼的门
◘ ˌdown the 'hatch
• (informal, saying) used before drinking sth, especially to express good wishes before drinking alcohol
• 干杯(尤作祝酒辞)
--› more at batten
spon∙sor / ˈspɔnsə(r); NAme ˈspɑ:n- /
◙ noun
1. a person or company that pays for a radio or television programme, or for a concert or sporting event, usually in return for advertising
• (广播电视节目、音乐会或运动会的)赞助者,赞助商:
»The race organizers are trying to attract sponsors.
比赛的组织者在想方设法吸引赞助者。
2. a person who agrees to give sb money for a charity if that person succeeds in completing a particular activity
• 为慈善活动捐资的人；义赛(或义演等)捐款者:
»I'm collecting sponsors for next week's charity run.
我正在为下星期的募款赛跑征集捐款者。
3. a person or company that supports sb by paying for their training or education
• (培训或教育的)资助者
4. a person who introduces and supports a proposal for a new law, etc.
• (法案等的)倡议者,发起人,倡导者:
»the sponsor of the new immigration bill
新移民法案的倡议者
5. a person who agrees to be officially responsible for another person
• 保人；保证人
6. a person who presents a child for Christian baptism or confirmation
• 代父(或母)；教父(或母)；(洗礼、坚信礼等的)引领人
【SYN】 godparent
◙ verb
1. [VN] (of a company, etc. 公司等) to pay the costs of a particular event, programme, etc. as a way of advertising
• 赞助(活动、节目等):
»sports events sponsored by the tobacco industry
由烟草业赞助的体育赛事
2. [VN] to arrange for sth official to take place
• 主办；举办；促成:
»The US is sponsoring negotiations between the two sides.
美国正在安排双方的谈判。
3. to agree to give sb money for a charity if they complete a particular task
• 为慈善活动捐资；为义赛捐款:
▪ [VN]
»Will you sponsor me for a charity walk I'm doing?
我正在参加竞走义赛,请您捐款好吗？
»a sponsored swim
有赞助的游泳活动
▪ [also VN to inf]
4. [VN] to support sb by paying for their training or education
• 资助(某人的培训或教育):
»She found a company to sponsor her through college.
她找到一家愿资助她读完大学的公司。
5. [VN] to introduce a proposal for a new law, etc.
• 倡议,提交(法案等):
»The bill was sponsored by a Labour MP.
这项议案是一位工党议员提交的。
mod∙est / ˈmɔdist; NAme ˈmɑ:d- /
◙ adj.
1. not very large, expensive, important, etc.
• 些许的；不太大(或太贵、太重要等):
»modest improvements / reforms
不太显着的改进/改革
»He charged a relatively modest fee.
他收取的费用不算高。
»a modest little house
简朴的小房子
»The research was carried out on a modest scale.
这个研究项目开展的规模不算太大。
2. (approving) not talking much about your own abilities or possessions
• 谦虚的；谦逊的:
»She's very modest about her success.
她对自己的成功非常谦虚。
»You're too modest!
你太谦虚了！
【OPP】 immodest
3. (of people, especially women, or their clothes 人,尤指妇女或其衣着) shy about showing much of the body; not intended to attract attention, especially in a sexual way
• 庄重的；朴素的；不性感的
【SYN】 demure :
»a modest dress
端庄的连衣裙
【OPP】 immodest
♦ mod∙est∙ly adv.
ex∙pose / ikˈspəuz; NAmE ikˈspouz /
◙ verb [VN]
›› SHOW STH HIDDEN 使显露
1. to show sth that is usually hidden
• 暴露；显露；露出
【SYN】 reveal :
»He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth.
他突然一笑,露出一口雪白的牙齿。
»Miles of sand are exposed at low tide.
在低潮时数英里的沙滩就会显现出来。
»My job as a journalist is to expose the truth.
我作为记者的职责就是展示事实。
»He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone.
他不想向任何人显露他的恐惧与不安。
›› SHOW TRUTH 揭露
2. to tell the true facts about a person or a situation, and show them / it to be immoral, illegal, etc.
• 揭露；揭穿:
»She was exposed as a liar and a fraud.
她说谎和欺骗的面目被揭穿了。
»He threatened to expose the racism that existed within the police force.
他扬言要把警察内部存在的种族歧视公之于众。
›› TO STH HARMFUL 有害事物
3. ~ sb / sth / yourself (to sth) to put sb / sth in a place or situation where they are not protected from sth harmful or unpleasant
• 使面临,使遭受(危险或不快):
»to expose yourself to ridicule
让自己受到嘲笑
»Do not expose babies to strong sunlight.
不要让婴孩受到强烈的阳光照射。
›› GIVE EXPERIENCE 给予经验
4. ~ sb to sth to let sb find out about sth by giving them experience of it or showing them what it is like
• 使接触；使体验:
»We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化薰陶。
›› FILM IN CAMERA 照相机胶片
5. to allow light onto the film inside a camera when taking a photograph
• 曝光
›› YOURSELF 自己
6. ~ yourself a man who exposes himself, shows his sexual organs in public in a way that is offensive to other people
• 当众露阴
--› see also exposure
◙ ex∙posé / ekˈspəuzei; NAmE ˌekspouˈzei /
◙ noun
• an account of the facts of a situation, especially when these are shocking or have deliberately been kept secret
• (尤指对令人震惊或故意保密的事实的)陈述,阐述,揭露
con∙tra∙dict / ˌkɔntrəˈdikt; NAmE ˌkɑ:n- /
◙ verb
1. to say that sth that sb else has said is wrong, and that the opposite is true
• 反驳；驳斥；批驳:
▪ [VN]
»All evening her husband contradicted everything she said.
整个晚上她说什么丈夫都跟她拌嘴。
»You've just contradicted yourself (= said the opposite of what you said before).
你恰好与你以前说的自相矛盾。
▪ [also V speech , VN speech]
2. [VN] (of statements or pieces of evidence 陈述或证据) to be so different from each other that one of them must be wrong
• 相抵触；相矛盾；相反:
»The two stories contradict each other.
这两种说法相互抵触。
re∙sem∙ble / riˈzembl /
◙ verb [VN]
• [no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to look like or be similar to another person or thing
• 看起来像；显得像；像:
»She closely resembles her sister.
她和她姐姐很像。
»So many hotels resemble each other.
许多酒店看上去都差不多。
»The plant resembles grass in appearance.
这种植物的外形像草。
edge / edʒ /
◙ noun
1. [C] the outside limit of an object, a surface or an area; the part furthest from the centre
• 边；边缘；边线；边沿:
»He stood on the edge of the cliff.
他站在悬崖边上。
»a big house on / at the edge of town
城边的一栋大房子
»Don't put that glass so near the edge of the table.
别把那只玻璃杯放在离桌边太近的地方。
»I sat down at the water's edge.
我在水边坐了下来。
»Stand the coin on its edge.
让硬币竖起来。
--› see also leading edge
2. [C] the sharp part of a blade, knife or sword that is used for cutting
• 刀口；刀刃；利刃:
»Be careful—it has a sharp edge.
小心点——这刀刃很锋利。
--› see also knife-edge
3. (usually the edge) [sing.] the point at which sth, especially sth bad, may begin to happen
• (尤指灾难的)边缘
【SYN】 brink , verge :
»They had brought the country to the edge of disaster.
他们使国家濒临灾难。
--› see also cutting edge
4. [sing.] ~ (on / over sb / sth) a slight advantage over sb / sth
• (微弱的)优势:
»The company needs to improve its competitive edge.
公司必须提高它的竞争力。
»They have the edge on us.
他们略胜我们一筹。
5. [sing.] a strong, often exciting, quality
• 锐利；敏锐；尖锐:
»Her show now has a hard political edge to it.
她现在的表演具有强烈的政治性。
6. [sing.] a sharp tone of voice, often showing anger
• 尖刻的声调；愤怒的语气:
»He did his best to remain calm, but there was a distinct edge to his voice.
尽管他竭力保持镇静,话音里仍明显带有怒气。
7. -edged (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the type of edge or edges mentioned
• 有…边的；有…棱的；有…锋的:
»a lace-edged handkerchief
有网眼花边的手绢
--› see also gilt-edged 【IDIOMS】
◘ be on 'edge
• to be nervous, excited or bad-tempered
• 紧张不安；激动；烦躁
--› note at nervous
◘ on the edge of your 'seat
• very excited and giving your full attention to sth
• 异常兴奋；极为激动；有浓厚兴趣:
»The game had the crowd on the edge of their seats.
这场比赛使观众兴奋不已。
◘ take the 'edge off sth
• to make sth less strong, less bad, etc.
• 减弱；使变钝；挫伤…的锐气:
»The sandwich took the edge off my appetite.
这份三明治使我食欲大减。
--› more at fray v., razor , rough adj., teeter , tooth
◙ verb
1. [+adv. / prep.] to move or to move sth slowly and carefully in a particular direction
• (使)徐徐移动,渐渐移动:
▪ [V]
»She edged a little closer to me.
她慢慢地向我靠近了一些。
»I edged nervously past the dog.
我紧张不安地从狗旁边慢慢走过去。
▪ [VN]
»Emily edged her chair forward.
埃米莉把椅子慢慢地向前挪动。
2. [VN] [usually passive] ~ sth (with / in sth) to put sth around the edge of sth
• 给…加边:
»The handkerchief is edged with lace.
这条手绢镶着网眼花边。
3. [V +adv. / prep.] to increase or decrease slightly
• 略为增加(或减少):
»Prices edged up 2% in the year to December.
到十二月为止的年度价格上涨了 2%。 【PHR V】
◘ ˌedge sb / sth∽'out (of sth)
• to move sb from their position or job gradually, especially when they are not fully aware of what is happening
• 逐渐将…排挤出:
»She was edged out of the company by the new director.
新上任的经理一步步把她排挤出了公司。
broad / brɔ:d /
◙ adj. (broad∙er, broad∙est)
›› WIDE 宽阔
1. wide
• 宽阔的；广阔的:
»a broad street / avenue / river
宽广的街道/林荫道/河流
»broad shoulders
宽肩
»He is tall, broad and muscular.
他身高体宽,肌肉发达。
»a broad smile / grin (= six in which your mouth is stretched very wide because you are very pleased or amused)
咧嘴笑
【OPP】 narrow (1)
2. used after a measurement of distance to show how wide sth is
• …宽(用于表示距离的量度之后):
»two metres broad and six metre high
两米宽,一米高
›› WIDE RANGE 广泛
3. including a great variety of people or things
• 涉及各种各样的人(或事物)的；广泛的:
»a broad range of products
各种各样的产品
»a broad spectrum of interests
广泛的兴趣
»There is broad support for the government's policies.
政府的政策得到了广泛的支持。
»She took a broad view of the duties of being a teacher (= she believed her duties included a wide range of things).
她认为教师的职责范围很广。
【OPP】 narrow
›› GENERAL 概括
4. [only before noun] general; not detailed
• 概括的；一般的；不具体的:
»the broad outline of a proposal
提案的纲要
»The negotiators were in broad agreement on the main issues.
谈判代表们在主要问题上的意见大致相同。
»She's a feminist, in the broadest sense of the word.
广义而言,她算是个女权主义者。
»In broad terms, the paper argues that each country should develop its own policy.
从大体上说,这份报纸认为各国应该建立自己的政策。
›› LAND / WATER 陆地；水
5. covering a wide area
• 开阔的；辽阔的:
»a broad expanse of water
一片辽阔的水域
›› ACCENT 口音
6. if sb has a broad accent, you can hear very easily which area they come from
• 口音重的；乡音浓的
【SYN】 strong
›› HINT 暗示
7. if sb gives a broad hint, they make it very clear what they are thinking or what they want
• 明确的；明显的
›› HUMOUR 幽默
8. (NAmE) dealing with sex in an amusing way
• 粗俗滑稽的；以肉欲作笑料的:
»The movie mixes broad humor with romance.
那部电影把粗俗幽默和浪漫故事结合在一起。
--› see also breadth , broadly
--› note at wide 【IDIOMS】
◘ a broad 'church
(BrE)
• an organization that accepts a wide range of opinions
• 广纳众议的机构
◘ (in) broad 'daylight
• (in) the clear light of day, when it is easy to see
• 光天化日(之下):
»The robbery occurred in broad daylight, in a crowded street.
抢劫就发生在光天化日之下的一条熙熙攘攘的街道上。
◘ it's as ˌbroad as it's 'long
(BrE, informal)
• it makes no real difference which of ten possible choices you make
• 两种选择都一样
--› more at paint v.
◙ noun
• (old-fashioned, NAmE, slang) an offensive way of referring to a woman
• (对女人的粗俗称呼)婆娘
over∙look / ˌəuvəˈluk; NAme ˌouvərˈluk /
◙ verb [VN]
1. to fail to see or notice sth
• 忽略；未注意到
【SYN】 miss :
»He seems to have overlooked six important fact.
他好像忽略了一个重要的事实。
2. to see sth wrong or bad but decide to ignore it
• (对不良现象等)不予理会,视而不见
【SYN】 turn a blind eye to :
»We could not afford to overlook such a serious offence.
对这样严重的违法行为,我们决不能视若无睹。
3. if a building, etc. overlooks a place, you can see that place from the building
• 俯视；眺望:
»a restaurant overlooking the lake
一家濒湖餐厅
»Our back yard is overlooked by several houses.
好几栋房子都看得见我家的后院。
4. ~ sb (for sth) to not consider sb for a job or position, even though they might be suitable
• (提拔等时)对(某人)不予考虑
【SYN】 pass over :
»She's been overlooked for promotion several times.
几次提职时都没有考虑她。
entry / ˈentri /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
›› GOING IN 进入
1. [C, U] ~ (into sth) an act of going into or getting into a place
• 进入(指行动):
»She made her entry to the sound of thunderous applause.
她在雷鸣般的掌声中走了进来。
»The children were surprised by the sudden entry of their teacher.
老师突然进来使孩子们感到意外。
»How did the thieves gain entry into the building?
窃贼是怎样进入大楼的？
2. [U] ~ (to / into sth) the right or opportunity to enter a place
• 进入(指权利等):
»No Entry (= for example, on a sign)
禁止入内
»Entry to the museum is free.
这座博物馆免费参观。
»to be granted / refused entry into the country
准予/禁止入境
›› JOINING GROUP 加入集体
3. [U] ~ (into sth) the right or opportunity to take part in sth or become a member of a group
• 参与,加入(指权利、机会):
»countries seeking entry into the European Union
寻求加入欧盟的国家
»the entry of women into the workforce
妇女加入劳动大军的权利
›› IN COMPETITION 比赛
4. [C] something that you do, write or make to take part in a competition, for example answering a set of questions
• 参赛作品；竞赛答题:
»There have been some impressive entries in the wildlife photography section (= impressive photographs).
野生动物摄影部份已有一些上佳参赛作品。
»The closing date for entries is 31 March.
参赛作品的截止期是 3 月 31 日。
»The sender of the first correct entry drawn will win a weekend for ten in Venice.
第一个寄出正确的竞赛答题者将获得两人在威尼斯度周末的机会。
5. [U] the act of taking part in a competition, race, etc.
• 参赛:
»Entry is open to anyone over the age of 18.
* 18 岁以上的人均可参赛。
»an entry form
参赛表格
6. [sing.] the total number of people who are taking part in a competition, race, etc.
• 参赛人数:
»There's a record entry for this year's marathon.
参加本年度马拉松比赛的人数创下最高纪录。
›› WRITTEN INFORMATION 书面资料
7. [C] ~ (in sth) an item, for example a piece of information, that is written or printed in a dictionary, an account book, a diary, etc.
• 项目；条目；词条；账目；记录:
»an encyclopedia entry
百科全书的一个条目
»There is no entry in his diary for that day.
他的日记里没有那天的记录。
8. [U] the act of recording information in a computer, book, etc.
• 登记；登录；录入:
»More keyboarding staff are required for data entry.
需要更多的键盘录入人员来录入这些资料。
›› DOOR / GATE 门
9. (also entry∙way / ˈentriwei / ) (both NAmE) əɔ] a door, gate or passage where you enter a building; an entrance hall
• 大门；入口处；通道；门厅:
»You can leave your umbrella in the entry.
你可以把伞放在入口处。
pref∙er∙ence / ˈprefrəns /
◙ noun
1. [U, sing.] ~ (for sb / sth) a greater interest in or desire for sb / sth than sb / sth else
• 偏爱；爱好；喜爱:
»It's a matter of personal preference.
那是个人的爱好问题。
»Many people expressed a strong preference for the original plan.
许多人强烈表示喜欢原计划。
»I can't say that I have any particular preference.
我说不出自己有什么特别偏好。
»Let's make a list of possible speakers, in order of preference.
咱们按优先顺序列出一份可能请到的发言者名单。
2. [C] a thing that is liked better or best
• 偏爱的事物；最喜爱的东西:
»a study of consumer preferences
消费者偏好调查
--› note at choice 【IDIOMS】
◘ give (a) preference to sb / sth
• to treat sb / sth in a way that gives them an advantage over other people or things
• 给…以优惠；优待:
»Preference will be given to graduates of this university.
这所大学的毕业生会获得优先考虑。
◘ in preference to sb / sth
• rather than sb / sth
• 而不是:
»She was chosen in preference to her sister.
她被选中了,而不是她妹妹。
ˌtop-'ranking
◙ adj. [only before noun]
• of the highest rank, status or importance in an organization, a sport, etc.
• (组织、运动等中)最高级的,最重要的
swift / swift /
◙ adj. (swift∙er, swift∙est)
1. ~ (to do sth) happening or done quickly and immediately; doing sth quickly
• 迅即发生的；马上做出的；迅速的:
»swift action
迅速的行动
»a swift decision
迅即作出的决定
»The White House was swift to deny the rumours.
白宫立刻对这些传言予以否认。
2. moving very quickly; able to move very quickly
• 速度快的；敏捷的；矫健的:
»a swift current
湍急的水流
»a swift runner
跑得飞快的人
--› note at fast
♦ swift∙ly adv.:
»She moved swiftly to the rescue.
她迅速赶来营救。
♦ swift∙ness noun [U, sing.]
◙ noun
• a small bird with long narrow wings, similar to a swallow
• 雨燕
laun∙dry / ˈlɔ:ndri /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [U] clothes, sheets, etc. that need washing, that are being washed, or that have been washed recently
• 要(或正在)洗的衣物；刚洗好的衣物
【SYN】 washing :
»a pile of clean / dirty laundry
一摞干净的/脏的衣物
»a laundry basket / room
洗衣筐/间
2. [U, sing.] the process or the job of washing clothes, sheets, etc.
• 洗衣物；洗衣物的活:
»to do the laundry
干洗衣活
»The hotel has a laundry service.
旅馆提供洗衣服务。
3. [C] a business or place where you send sheets, clothes, etc. to be washed
• 洗衣店；洗衣房
maid / meid /
◙ noun
1. (often in compounds 常构成复合词) a female servant in a house or hotel
• 女仆；侍女；(旅馆里的)女服务员:
»There is a maid to do the housework.
有个女仆做家务事。
--› see also barmaid , chambermaid , dairymaid , housemaid , milkmaid , nursemaid
2. (old use) a young woman who is not married
• 少女；年轻姑娘；未婚年轻女子
--› see also old maid
dis∙ap∙point∙ment / ˌdisəˈpɔintmənt /
◙ noun
1. [U] sadness because sth has not happened or been as good, successful, etc. as you expected or hoped
• 失望；沮丧；扫兴:
»Book early for the show to avoid disappointment.
欲看演出,从速订票,以免向隅。
»To our great disappointment, it rained every day of the trip.
这次旅行天天下雨,让我们大失所望。
»He found it difficult to hide his disappointment when she didn't arrive.
她没有来,他感到很难掩饰自己内心的沮丧。
2. [C] ~ (to sb) a person or thing that is disappointing
• 使人失望的人(或事物)；令人扫兴的人(或事物):
»a bitter / major disappointment
令人极度失望/大失所望的事
»That new restaurant was a big disappointment.
那家新餐馆使人大失所望。
»I always felt I was a disappointment to my father.
我总觉得我使父亲失望了。
for∙mal / ˈfɔ:ml; NAmE ˈfɔ:rml /
◙ adj.
1. (of a style of dress, speech, writing, behaviour, etc. 穿着、言语、行为等) very correct and suitable for official or important occasions
• 适合正式场合的；正规的；庄重的:
»formal evening dress
晚礼服
»The dinner was a formal affair.
这是正式宴会。
»He kept the tone of the letter formal and businesslike.
他使这封信保持正式公文的语气。
»She has a very formal manner, which can seem unfriendly.
她的举止很是郑重其事,有可能会显得不友好。
【OPP】 informal
2. official; following an agreed or official way of doing things
• 正式的；合乎规矩的:
»formal legal processes
正式法律程序
»to make a formal apology / complaint / request
正式道歉/投诉/要求
»Formal diplomatic relations between the two countries were re-established in December.
两国于十二月重新建立了正式外交关系。
»It is time to put these arrangements on a slightly more formal basis.
是应该把这些安排做得略为正式一点的时候了。
3. (of education or training 学校教育或培训) received in a school, college or university, with lessons, exams, etc., rather than gained just through practical experience
• 正规的:
»He has no formal teaching qualifications.
他没有正规的教学资历证明。
»Young children are beginning their formal education sometimes as early as four years old.
幼儿有时早在四岁时就开始接受正规教育。
4. concerned with the way sth is done rather than what is done
• 方式上的；做法上的；形式上的:
»Getting approval for the plan is a purely formal matter; nobody will seriously oppose it.
寻求计划获得批准纯粹是一个形式上的问题,没有人会认真反对的。
»Critics have concentrated too much on the formal elements of her poetry, without really looking at what it is saying.
评论家过多地集中评论她诗歌的形式,而没有真正看其内容。
5. (of a garden, room or building 花园、房间、建筑物) arranged in a regular manner, according to a clear, exact plan
• 整齐的；布置井然的:
»delightful formal gardens, with terraced lawns and an avenue of trees
精心布置的有片片草坪和林荫道的宜人花园
【OPP】 informal
♦ for∙mal∙ly / -məli / adv.:
»'How do you do?' she said formally.
"你好！"她拘谨地说。
»The accounts were formally approved by the board.
账目已由董事会正式批准。
»Although not formally trained as an art historian, he is widely respected for his knowledge of the period.
虽然他不是科班出身的艺术史学家,但他对这一时期的知识却普遍为人尊重。
tire∙some / ˈtaiəsəm; NAme ˈtaiərsəm /
◙ adj.
• making you feel annoyed
• 讨厌的；令人厌烦的；烦人的
【SYN】 annoying :
»Buying a house can be a very tiresome business.
买房子会是件很麻烦的事。
»The children were being very tiresome.
这些孩子非常讨人嫌。
♦ tire∙some∙ly adv.
script / skript /
◙ noun
1. [C] a written text of a play, film / movie, broadcast, talk, etc.
• 剧本；电影剧本；广播(或讲话等)稿:
»That line isn't in the original script.
原剧本中没有那句台词。
2. [U] writing done by hand
• 笔迹:
»She admired his neat script.
她欣赏他写的一手好字。
--› see also manuscript
3. [U, C] a set of letters in which a language is written
• (一种语言的)字母系统,字母表
【SYN】 alphabet :
»a document in Cyrillic script
一份用西里尔字母书写的文件
4. [C] (BrE) a candidate's written answer or answers in an exam
• 笔试答卷
5. [U, C] (computing 计) a series of instructions for a computer
• 脚本(程序)(计算机的一系列指令):
»The bug was caused by an error in the script.
这个故障是由脚本程序出错造成的。
◙ verb [VN]
• [often passive] to write the script for a film / movie, play, etc.
• 为电影(或戏剧等)写剧本
shoot / ʃu:t /
◙ verb
(shot, shot / ʃɔt; NAme ʃɑ:t / )
›› θəæPOŋ 武器
1. ~ (sth) (at sb / sth) | ~ sth (from sth) to fire a gun or other weapon; to fire sth from a weapon
• 开(枪或其他武器)；射击；发射:
▪ [V]
»Don't shoot—I surrender.
别开枪——我投降。
»troops shooting at the enemy
向敌人射击的部队
»a serious shooting incident
严重的枪击事件
»The police rarely shoot to kill (= try to kill the people they shoot at).
一般来说,警察开枪不是要打死人。
▪ [VN]
»He shot an arrow from his bow.
他张弓射了一箭。
»They shot the lock off (= removed it by shooting).
他们开枪把锁打掉。
2. to kill or wound a person or an animal with a bullet, etc.
• 射杀；射伤:
▪ [VN]
»A man was shot in the leg.
一个人被射中腿部。
»He shot himself during a fit of depression.
他一时心灰意冷,开枪自杀了。
»The guards were ordered to shoot on sight anyone trying to escape.
衞兵接到命令,看见有谁企图逃跑就立即开枪。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
»Three people were shot dead during the robbery.
抢劫过程中有三人被开枪打死。
3. (of a gun or other weapon 枪或其他武器) to fire bullets, etc.
• 发射(子弹等):
▪ [VN]
»This is just a toy gun—it doesn't shoot real bullets.
这只是一支玩具枪——不能射真子弹。
▪ [also V]
›› FOR SPORT 体育运动
4. to hunt and kill birds and animals with a gun as a sport
• 打猎；狩猎；打(猎物)；猎杀:
▪ [VN]
»to shoot pheasants
打野鸡
▪ [V]
»They go shooting in Scotland.
他们上苏格兰去打猎。
›› MOVE QUICKLY 快速移动
5. [+adv. / prep.] to move suddenly or quickly in one direction; to make sb / sth move in this way
• (使朝某方向)冲,奔,扑,射,飞驰:
▪ [V]
»A plane shot across the sky.
飞机掠过天空。
»His hand shot out to grab her.
他猛地伸出手去抓她。
»Flames were shooting up through the roof.
火不断从房顶窜上来。
»(figurative) The band's last single shot straight to number one in the charts.
乐队的最新单曲唱片在每周排行榜上一路飙升至首位。
▪ [VN]
»He shot out his hand to grab her.
他猛地伸出手去抓她。
›› OF PAIN 疼痛
6. [V] to move suddenly and quickly and be very sharp
• 剧痛跳窜:
»a shooting pain in the back
背部的一阵剧痛
»The pain shot up her arm.
疼痛顺着她的胳膊窜了上来。
›› DIRECT AT SB 朝向某人
7. ~ sth at sb | ~ sb sth [no passive] to direct sth at sb suddenly or quickly
• 突然把…投向
▪ [VN VNN]
»She shot an angry glance at him.
她很生气,瞪了他一眼。
»She shot him an angry glance.
她很生气,瞪了他一眼。
▪ [VN]
»Journalists were shooting questions at the candidates.
记者纷纷向几位候选人发问。
›› FILM / PHOTOGRAPH 电影；照片
8. to make a film / movie or photograph of sth
• 拍摄；摄影:
▪ [V]
»Cameras ready? OK, shoot!
摄影机准备好了吗？好,开拍！
▪ [VN]
»Where was the movie shot?
那部电影是在哪儿拍的？
»The movie was shot in black and white.
那部电影拍成了黑白片。
›› IN SPORTS 体育运动
9. ~ (at sth) (in football ( soccer ), hockey , etc. 足球、曲棍球等)• 射门；投篮:
▪ [V]
»He should have shot instead of passing.
他本该射门,不该传球。
▪ [VN]
»After school we'd be on the driveway shooting baskets (= playing basketball ).
放学后,我们就在车行道上打篮球。
10. [VN] (informal) (in golf 高尔夫球) to make a particular score in a complete round or competition
• (在整场比赛中)击出…杆:
»She shot a 75 in the first round.
她在第一场比赛中击出 75 杆。
›› PLAY GAME 玩游戏
11. [VN] (especially NAmE) to play particular games
• 玩,打(某种游戏):
»to shoot pool
打普尔 【IDIOMS】
◘ be / get 'shot of sth / sb
(BrE, informal)
• to no longer have sth; to get rid of sth
• 失去；摆脱；处理:
»I'll be glad to get shot of this car.
我很想卖掉这辆车。
◘ have shot your 'bolt
•(informal) to have used all your power, money or supplies
• 竭尽全力；倾其所有
◘ be like shooting ˌfish in a 'barrel
• (informal) used to emphasize how easy it is to do sth
• 易如反掌；探囊取物；手到擒来:
»What do you mean you can't do it? It'll be like shooting fish in a barrel!
你说干不了是什么意思？这不是小事一桩嘛！
◘ shoot the 'breeze / 'bull
(NAmE, informal)
• to have a conversation in an informal way
• 聊天；闲聊
【SYN】 chat :
»We sat around in the bar, shooting the breeze.
我们闲坐在酒吧里聊天。
◘ ˌshoot from the 'hip
• to react quickly without thinking carefully first
• 轻率应对；鲁莽行事；仓促反应
◘ ˌshoot yourself in the 'foot
•(informal) to do or say sth that will cause you a lot of trouble or harm, especially when you are trying to get an advantage for yourself
• 搬起石头砸自己的脚
◘ ˌshoot it 'out (with sb)
•(informal) to fight against sb with guns, especially until one side is killed or defeated
• 开枪拚个你死我活；(和…)决一死战:
»The gang decided to shoot it out with the police.
那伙匪徒决定开枪和警察死拚。
--› related noun shoot-out
◘ shoot the 'messenger
• to blame the person who gives the news that sth bad has happened, instead of the person who is really responsible
• 拿报信人出气(而非责备问题的责任人):
»Don't shoot the messenger!
别错怪好人！
◘ ˌshoot your 'mouth off (about sth)
(informal)
1. to talk with too much pride about sth
• 吹嘘；大吹大擂
2. to talk about sth that is private or secret
• 张扬；信口乱讲(涉及隐私或秘密的事)
◘ shoot the 'rapids
• to go in a boat over part of a river where the water flows very fast
• 急流划艇【PHR V】
◘ ˌshoot sb / sth∽'down
1. to make sb / sth fall to the ground by shooting them / it
• 射倒；击毙；击落:
»Several planes were shot down by enemy fire.
几架飞机被敌人的炮火击落。
2. to be very critical of sb's ideas, opinions, etc.
• 批驳,驳倒,彻底推翻(观点、意见等):
»His latest theory has been shot down in flames.
他的最新理论被彻底推翻了。
◘ 'shoot for sth (NAmE, informal)
• to try to achieve or get sth, especially sth difficult
• 力争达到；努力获取:
»We've been shooting for a pay raise for months.
几个月来,我们一直在争取加薪。
◘ ˌshoot 'off (informal)
• to leave very quickly
• 迅速离去
【SYN】 dash off :
»I had to shoot off at the end of the meeting.
我不得不一散会就跑。
◘ ˌshoot 'through (AustralE, NZE, informal)
• to leave, especially in order to avoid sb / sth
• 离去；躲避:
»I was only five when my Dad shot through.
我父亲出走时我才五岁。
◘ ˌshoot 'up
1. to grow very quickly
• 迅速长高:
»Their kids have shot up since I last saw them.
自我上次见了以后,他们家几个孩子一下子长高了。
2. to rise suddenly by a large amount
• 陡增；猛涨；迅速上升:
»Ticket prices shot up last year.
去年票价猛涨。
3. (slang) to inject an illegal drug directly into your blood
• 注射(毒品)
◘ ˌshoot sth∽'up
1. to cause great damage to sth by shooting
• 开枪打坏；击毁
2. [no passive] (slang) to inject an illegal drug directly into your blood
• 注射(毒品)
◙ noun
›› PLANT 植物
1. the part that grows up from the ground when a plant starts to grow; a new part that grows on plants or trees
• 幼苗；嫩芽；新枝:
»new green shoots
绿色的新芽
»bamboo shoots
竹笋
›› FILM / PHOTOGRAPHS 电影；照片
2. an occasion when sb takes professional photographs for a particular purpose or makes a film / movie
• 拍摄；摄影:
»a fashion shoot
时装摄影
--› see also photo shoot
›› FOR SPORT 体育运动
3. (especially BrE) an occasion when a group of people hunt and shoot animals or birds for sport; the land where this happens
• 狩猎；狩猎场
◙ exclamation
1. (NAmE)
• used to show that you are annoyed when you do sth stupid or when sth goes wrong (to avoid saying 'shit')
• (做了蠢事或事情出了差错感到懊恼,避免说 shit):
»Shoot! I've forgotten my book!
倒霉！我忘了带书！
2. (especially NAmE) used to tell sb to say what they want to say
• (让某人把话说出来)说吧,请讲:
»You want to tell me something? OK, shoot!
你有话要告诉我？那好,说吧！
sin∙cere / sinˈsiə(r); NAme -ˈsir /
◙ adj. (superlative sin∙cerest, no comparative)
1. (of feelings, beliefs or behaviour 感情、信念或行为) showing what you really think or feel
• 真诚的；诚挚的；诚恳的
【SYN】 genuine :
»a sincere attempt to resolve the problem
解决这一问题的认真尝试
»sincere regret
真诚的悔恨
»Please accept our sincere thanks.
请接受我们诚挚的谢意。
»a sincere apology
诚恳的道歉
2. ~ (in sth) (of a person 人) saying only what you really think or feel
• 诚实的；坦率的
【SYN】 honest :
»He seemed sincere enough when he said he wanted to help.
他表示愿意帮忙,样子很真诚。
»She is never completely sincere in what she says about people.
她谈论别人,一向不尽坦诚。
【OPP】 insincere
♦ sin∙cer∙ity / sinˈserəti / noun [U] :
»She spoke with total sincerity.
她讲的是由衷之言。
»I can say in all sincerity that I knew nothing of these plans.
我可以十分坦诚地说,这些计划我一无所知。
con∙gratu∙la∙tion / kənˌɡrætʃuˈleiʃn /
◙ noun
1. congratulations [pl.] a message congratulating sb (= saying that you are happy about their good luck or success)
• 祝贺；恭贺；贺辞:
»to offer / send your congratulations to sb
向某人致以祝贺
2. Congratulations! used when you want to congratulate sb
• (用以向人祝贺)祝贺,恭喜:
»'We're getting married!' 'Congratulations!'
"我们要结婚了！" "恭喜恭喜！"
»Congratulations on your exam results!
祝贺你考出了好成绩！
3. [U] the act of congratulating sb
• 祝贺:
»a letter of congratulation
贺信
screen∙writer / ˈskri:nraitə(r) /
◙ noun
• a person who writes screenplays
• 电影剧本作家
--› compare playwright , scriptwriter
ˌfull-'length
◙ adj. [only before noun]
1. (of a mirror or picture 镜子或相片) showing the whole of a person's body
• 全身的:
»a full-length portrait
全身肖像
2. (of a book, play, etc. 书、剧本等) not made shorter; of the usual length
• 足本的:
»a full-length novel
足本小说
3. (of curtains or a window 窗帘或窗子) reaching the ground
• 长及地面的；落地的
4. (of clothing 衣服) reaching a person's ankles
• 长及脚踝的:
»a full-length skirt
拖地长裙
◙ adv.
• a person who is lying full-length is lying flat with their legs straight
• (身体)伸展开,伸直:
»He was sprawled full-length across the bed.
他手脚摊开横躺在牀上。
rob∙bery / ˈrɔbəri; NAme ˈrɑ:b- /
◙ noun [U, C]
• (pl. -ies) the crime of stealing money or goods from a bank, shop / store, person, etc., especially using violence or threats
• 盗窃；抢劫；掠夺:
»armed robbery (= using a gun, knife, etc.)
持械抢劫
»There has been a spate of robberies in the area recently.
最近这一地区接连发生了多起抢劫案。
--› compare burglary , theft 【IDIOMS】
--› see daylight , highway
an∙ec∙dote / ˈænikdəut; NAmE -dout /
◙ noun [C, U]
1. a short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event
• 佚事；趣闻:
»amusing anecdotes about his brief career as an actor
关于他短暂演员生涯的趣闻佚事
2. a personal account of an event
• 传闻:
»This research is based on anecdote not fact.
这项研究的根据是传闻而非事实。
biog∙raphy / baiˈɔɡrəfi; NAmE -ˈɑ:ɡ- /
◙ noun [C, U]
• (pl. -ies) the story of a person's life written by sb else; this type of writing
• 传记；传记作品:
»Boswell's biography of Johnson
博斯韦尔写的约翰逊传
--› compare autobiography
♦ bio∙graph∙ic∙al / ˌbaiəˈɡræfikl / adj.
ac∙cu∙mu∙late / əˈkju:mjəleit /
◙ verb
1. [VN] to gradually get more and more of sth over a period of time
• 积累；积聚
【SYN】 amass :
»I seem to have accumulated a lot of books.
我好像已经收集了很多书。
»By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.
她投资精明,积累了一笔财富。
--› note at collect
2. [V] to gradually increase in number or quantity over a period of time
• (数量)逐渐增加；(数额)逐渐增长
【SYN】 build up :
»Debts began to accumulate.
债务开始增加。
--› note at collect
♦ ac∙cu∙mu∙la∙tion / əˌkju:mjəˈleiʃn / noun [U, C] :
»the accumulation of wealth
财富的积累
»an accumulation of toxic chemicals
有毒化学物质的积聚
pop∙corn / ˈpɔpkɔ:n; NAme ˈpɑ:pkɔ:rn /
◙ noun [U]
• a type of food made from grains of maize ( corn ) that are heated until they burst, forming light whitish balls that are then covered with salt or sugar
• 爆(玉)米花
salty / ˈsɔ:lti; BrE also ˈsɔlti /
◙ adj. (salt∙ier, salti∙est)
1. containing or tasting of salt
• 含盐的；咸的:
»salty food
咸的食物
»salty sea air
海边带咸味的空气
--› compare sweet adj. (1)
2. (old-fashioned) (of language or humour 语言或幽默) amusing and sometimes slightly rude
• 有趣的；逗笑的；有趣而略嫌粗俗的
♦ salti∙ness noun [U] :
»She could taste the saltiness of her tears.
她尝到了她眼泪的咸味。
tense / tens /
◙ adj.
1. (of a person 人) nervous or worried, and unable to relax
• 神经紧张的；担心的；不能松弛的:
»He's a very tense person.
他是个神经非常紧张的人。
»She sounded tense and angry.
她的声音听起来又气又急。
2. (of a situation, an event, a period of time, etc. 形势、事件、时期等) in which people have strong feelings such as worry, anger, etc. that often cannot be expressed openly
• 令人紧张的(或焦虑的、满腹愤懑的等):
»I spent a tense few weeks waiting for the results of the tests.
等候测试结果的这几个星期里我寝食不安。
»The atmosphere in the meeting was getting more and more tense.
会议的气氛越来越紧张。
3. (of a muscle or other part of the body 肌肉或身体部位) tight rather than relaxed
• 绷紧的；不松弛的:
»A massage will relax those tense muscles.
按摩会使紧张的肌肉松弛。
4. (of wire, etc. 金属丝等) stretched tightly
• 拉紧的；绷紧的
【SYN】 taut
5. (phonetics 语音) (of a speech sound 语音) produced with the muscles of the speech organs stretched tight
【OPP】 lax
• 紧的；紧音性的
♦ tense∙ly adv.
♦ tense∙ness noun [U]
◙ noun
• (grammar 语法) any of the forms of a verb that may be used to show the time of the action or state expressed by the verb
• (动词的)时,时态:
»the past / present / future tense
过去/现在/将来时态
◙ verb
• ~ (sth) (up) if you tense your muscles, or you or your muscles tense, they become tight and stiff, especially because you are not relaxed
• (使肌肉)拉紧,绷紧
▪ [V]
»His muscles tensed as he got ready to run.
他准备起跑时肌肉绷紧了。
»She tensed, hearing the strange noise again.
再次听到那个奇怪的声音,她紧张起来。
▪ [VN]
»She tensed her muscles in anticipation of the blow.
眼看要捱打,她绷紧了肌肉。
»He tensed himself, listening to see if anyone had followed him.
他竖起耳朵谛听是否有人跟踪。 【IDIOMS】
◘ be / get tensed 'up
• to become or feel nervous or worried so that you cannot relax
• 变得神经紧张；变得焦虑不安
thrill∙er / ˈθrilə(r) /
◙ noun
• a book, play or film / movie with an exciting story, especially six about crime or spying
• (尤指关于罪案或间谍的)惊险小说(或戏剧、电影)
para∙mount / ˈpærəmaunt /
◙ adj.
1. more important than anything else
• 至为重要的；首要的:
»This matter is of paramount importance.
此事至关重要。
»Safety is paramount.
安全至上。
2. (formal) having the highest position or the greatest power
• 至高无上的；至尊的；权力最大的:
»China's paramount leader
中国的最高领导人
♦ para∙mount∙cy / -mauntsi / noun [U]
touch∙stone / ˈtʌtʃstəun; NAme -stoun /
◙ noun [usually sing.]
• ~ (of / for sth) (formal) something that provides a standard against which other things are compared and / or judged
• 试金石；检验标准:
»the touchstone for quality
检验质量的标准
con∙quer / ˈkɔŋkə(r); NAmE ˈkɑ:ŋ- /
◙ verb [VN]
1. to take control of a country or city and its people by force
• 占领；攻克；征服:
»The Normans conquered England in 1066.
诺曼人于 1066 年征服了英格兰。
»conquered peoples / races / territories
被征服的民族/种族；被占领的领土
2. to defeat sb, especially in a competition, race, etc.
• (尤指比赛、赛跑等中)击败,战胜:
»The world champion conquered yet another challenger last night.
昨晚这位世界冠军又战胜了一名挑战者。
»The team members were greeted like conquering heroes.
队员像凯旋而归的英雄一样受到了人们的欢迎。
3. to succeed in dealing with or controlling sth
• (成功地)对付,克服,控制:
»The only way to conquer a fear is to face it.
克服恐惧的唯一方法是正视恐惧。
»Mount Everest was conquered (= successfully climbed) in 1953.
珠穆朗玛峰于 1953 年被征服。
4. to become very popular or successful in a place
• 在(某地)很受欢迎；在(某地)成功:
»The band is now setting out to conquer the world.
这支乐队现在要出发去征服世界。
con∙cu∙bine / ˈkɔŋkjubain; NAmE ˈkɑ:ŋ- /
◙ noun
• (especially in some societies in the past) a woman who lives with a man, often in addition to his wife or wives, but who is less important than they are
• (尤指旧时某些社会里的)妾,姨太太,小老婆
lan∙tern / ˈlæntən; NAme -tərn /
◙ noun
• a lamp in a transparent case, often a metal case with glass sides, that has a handle, so that you can carry it outside
• 灯笼；提灯
--› see also Chinese lantern
phil∙oso∙pher / fəˈlɔsəfə(r); NAme -ˈlɑ:s- /
◙ noun
1. a person who studies or writes about philosophy
• 哲学家:
»the Greek philosopher Aristotle
希腊哲学家亚里士多德
2. a person who thinks deeply about things
• 深思的人；善于思考的人:
»He seems to be a bit of a philosopher.
他像个思想家似的。
fan∙tasy / ˈfæntəsi /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [C] a pleasant situation that you imagine but that is unlikely to happen
• 幻想；想像:
»his childhood fantasies about becoming a famous football player
他儿时想成为著名足球运动员的幻想
2. [C] a product of your imagination
• 想像产物；幻想作品:
»Her books are usually escapist fantasies.
她的书通常是逃避现实的幻想作品。
3. [U] the act of imagining things; a person's imagination
• 幻想；想像:
»a work of fantasy
幻想作品
»Stop living in a fantasy world.
别再生活在幻想世界中了。
scar / skɑ:(r) /
◙ noun
1. a mark that is left on the skin after a wound has healed
• 伤疤；伤痕；瘢痕:
»a scar on his cheek
脸上的伤疤
»Will the operation leave a scar?
手术会不会留下疤痕？
»scar tissue
瘢痕组织
2. a permanent feeling of great sadness or mental pain that a person is left with after an unpleasant experience
• (精神上的)创伤；伤痕:
»His years in prison have left deep scars.
他在狱中的岁月给他留下了深深的创伤。
3. something unpleasant or ugly that spoils the appearance or public image of sth
• 有损外观(或公共形象)的地方；污点；煞风景之处:
»The town still bears the scars of war.
城里依旧可见战争的疮痍。
»Racism has been a scar on the game.
种族主义行为给这次比赛抹了黑。
4. an area of a hill or cliff where there is exposed rock and no grass
• (小山或悬崖上的)裸岩
◙ verb (-rr-) [VN] [often passive]
1. (of a wound, etc. 伤口等) to leave a mark on the skin after it has healed
• 在…上结疤；给…留下瘢痕:
»His face was badly scarred.
他的脸上留下了明显的疤痕。
2. (of an unpleasant experience 不愉快的经历) to leave sb with a feeling of sadness or mental pain
• 给…留下精神创伤:
»The experience left her scarred for life.
那段经历给她留下终生的创伤。
3. to spoil the appearance of sth
• 损害…的外观:
»The hills are scarred by quarries.
采石场破坏了山里的景观。
»battle-scarred buildings
弹痕累累的建筑物
fore∙head / ˈfɔ:hed; ˈfɔrid; NAmE ˈfɔ:rhed; ˈfɔ:red; ˈfɑ:r- /
◙ noun
• the part of the face above the eyes and below the hair
• 额；前额
【SYN】 brow
wiz∙ard / ˈwizəd; NAme -ərd /
◙ noun
1. (in stories) a man with magic powers
• (传说中的)男巫,术士
2. a person who is especially good at sth
• 行家；能手；奇才:
»a computer / financial, etc. wizard
计算机、金融等奇才
3. (computing 计) a program that makes it easy to use another program or perform a task by giving you a series of simple choices
• 向导(程序)
witch / witʃ /
◙ noun
1. a woman who is believed to have magic powers, especially to do evil things. In stories, she usually wears a black pointed hat and flies on a broomstick .
• 女巫；巫婆
2. (disapproving) an ugly unpleasant old woman
• 丑老太婆【IDIOMS】
--› see brew n.
evil / ˈi:vl; ˈi:vil /
◙ adj.
1. (of people 人) enjoying harming others; morally bad and cruel
• 恶毒的；邪恶的:
»an evil man
恶棍
»an evil grin
狞笑
2. having a harmful effect on people; morally bad
• 有害的；道德败坏的:
»evil deeds
恶行
»the evil effects of racism
种族主义的恶劣影响
3. connected with the Devil and with what is bad in the world
• 恶魔的；罪恶的:
»evil spirits
邪灵
4. extremely unpleasant
• 讨厌的；令人作呕的；使人不舒服的:
»an evil smell
难闻的气味 【IDIOMS】
◘ the evil 'hour / 'day / 'moment
•(often humorous) the time when you have to do sth difficult or unpleasant
• 倒霉的时候(或日子、时刻)
--› more at brew n., genius n.
◙ noun (formal)
1. [U] a force that causes bad things to happen; morally bad behaviour
• 邪恶；罪恶；恶行:
»the eternal struggle between good and evil
善与恶永不休止的斗争
»the forces of evil
邪恶势力
»You cannot pretend there's no evil in the world.
你不能睁着眼睛瞎说世界上没有罪恶。
【OPP】 good
2. [C, usually pl.] a bad or harmful thing; the bad effect of sth
• 害处；坏处；弊端:
»the evils of drugs / alcohol
毒品/酒的害处
»social evils
社会弊端
--› more at lesser , necessary
in∙sti∙tu∙tion / ˌinstiˈtju:ʃn; NAme -ˈtu:ʃn /
◙ noun
1. [C] a large important organization that has a particular purpose, for example, a university or bank
• (大学、银行等规模大的)机构:
»an educational / financial, etc. institution
教育、金融等机构
»the Smithsonian Institution
史密森学会
2. [C] (usually disapproving) a building where people with special needs are taken care of, for example because they are old or mentally ill
• 慈善机构；社会福利机构:
»a mental institution
精神病院
»We want this to be like a home, not an institution.
我们希望这里像个家,而不像收容所。
3. [C] a custom or system that has existed for a long time among a particular group of people
• (由来已久的)风俗习惯,制度:
»the institution of marriage
婚姻制度
4. [U] the act of starting or introducing sth such as a system or a law
• 建立；设立；制订:
»the institution of new safety procedures
新安全规程的制订
5. [C] (informal, humorous) a person who is well known because they have been in a particular place or job for a long time
• (某地或工作中的)出名的人:
»You must know him—he's an institution around here!
你一定认识他——他是这一带的知名人士！
par∙al∙lel / ˈpærəlel /
◙ adj.
1. ~ (to / with sth) two or more lines that are parallel to each other are the same distance apart at every point
• 平行的:
»parallel lines
平行线
»The road and the canal are parallel to each other.
道路与运河平行。
2. very similar or taking place at the same time
• 极相似的；同时发生的；相应的；对应的:
»a parallel case
同类型事例
»parallel trends
并行发展的趋势
3. (computing 计) involving several computer operations at the same time
• 并行的:
»parallel processing
并行处理
♦ par∙al∙lel adv.:
»The road and the canal run parallel to each other.
道路与运河平行。
»The plane flew parallel to the coast.
飞机沿海岸线飞行。
◙ noun
1. [C, U] a person, a situation, an event, etc. that is very similar to another, especially six in a different place or time
• (尤指不同地点或时间的)极其相似的人(或情况、事件等)
【SYN】 equivalent :
»These ideas have parallels in Freud's thought too.
这些观念在弗洛伊德的思想中也有极相似之处。
»This is an achievement without parallel in modern times.
这是现代无可比拟的成就。
»This tradition has no parallel in our culture.
这种传统在我们的文化中是没有的。
2. [C, usually pl.] similar features
• 相似特征；相似特点:
»There are interesting parallels between the 1960s and the late 1990s.
* 20 世纪 60 年代和 90 年代后期存在着有趣的相似之处。
»It is possible to draw a parallel between (= find similar features in) their experience and ours.
在他们的经历和我们的经历之间找到相似点是可能的。
3. (also ˌparallel of 'latitude) əɔ] an imaginary line around the earth that is always the same distance from the equator ; this line on a map
• (地球或地图的)纬线,纬圈:
»the 49th parallel
第 49 纬度线 【IDIOMS】
◘ in 'parallel (with sth / sb)
• with and at the same time as sth / sb else
• (与…)同时:
»The new degree and the existing certificate courses would run in parallel.
新的学位课程和现有的证书课程将同时开设。
◙ verb [VN]
1. to be similar to sth; to happen at the same time as sth
• 与…相似；与…同时发生:
»Their legal system parallels our own.
他们的法律制度与我们的相似。
»The rise in unemployment is paralleled by an increase in petty crime.
在失业率上升的同时,轻度犯罪也跟着增长。
2. to be as good as sth
• 与…媲美；比得上
【SYN】 equal :
»a level of achievement that has never been paralleled
绝无仅有的最高成就
--› compare unparalleled
cur∙ricu∙lum / kəˈrikjələm /
◙ noun (pl. cur∙ric∙ula / -lə / or cur∙ricu∙lums)
• the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc.
• (学校等的)全部课程:
»the school curriculum
学校课程
»(BrE) Spanish is on the curriculum.
西班牙语已纳入课程内容。
»(NAmE) Spanish is in the curriculum.
西班牙语已纳入课程内容。
--› compare syllabus
con∙tra∙dict∙ory / ˌkɔntrəˈdiktəri; NAmE ˌkɑ:n- /
◙ adj.
• containing or showing a contradiction
• 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
【SYN】 conflicting :
»We are faced with two apparently contradictory statements.
我们面前这两种说法显然是矛盾的。
»The advice I received was often contradictory.
我所得到的建议常常是相互矛盾的。
part∙ner / ˈpɑ:tnə(r); NAme ˈpɑ:rt- /
◙ noun
1. the person that you are married to or having a sexual relationship with
• 配偶；性伴侣:
»Come to the New Year disco and bring your partner!
携伴来参加新年迪斯科舞会吧！
»a marriage partner
配偶
2. one of the people who owns a business and shares the profits, etc.
• 合伙人:
»a partner in a law firm
法律事务所的合伙人
»a junior / senior partner
次要/主要合伙人
3. a person that you are doing an activity with, such as dancing or playing a game
• 搭档；同伴；舞伴:
»a dancing / tennis, etc. partner
舞伴、网球搭档等
--› see also sparring partner
4. a country or an organization that has an agreement with another country
• 伙伴(与另一国家有协议关系的国家或组织):
»a trading partner
贸易伙伴
--› see also sleeping partner
◙ verb [VN]
• to be sb's partner in a dance, game, etc.
• (在跳舞、游戏等中)结成伙伴,做搭档,配对:
»Gerry offered to partner me at tennis.
格里提出和我搭档打网球。
fierce / fiəs; NAmE firs /
◙ adj. (fier∙cer, fier∙cest)
1. (especially of people or animals 尤指人或动物) angry and aggressive in a way that is frightening
• 凶猛的；凶狠的；凶残的:
»a fierce dog
恶狗
»Two fierce eyes glared at them.
一双凶狠的眼睛对着他们怒目而视。
»He suddenly looked fierce.
他突然面露凶相。
»She spoke in a fierce whisper.
她恶狠狠地低声说话。
2. (especially of actions or emotions 尤指动作或情感) showing strong feelings or a lot of activity, often in a way that is violent
• 狂热的；强烈的；猛烈的:
»fierce loyalty
极度的忠诚
»the scene of fierce fighting
激烈战斗的场面
»He launched a fierce attack on the Democrats.
他对民主党人发动了猛烈的攻击。
»Competition from abroad became fiercer in the 1990s.
在 20 世纪 90 年代来自国外的竞争加剧。
3. (of weather conditions or temperatures 天气或温度) very strong in a way that could cause damage
• 狂暴的；恶劣的:
»fierce wind
狂风
»the fierce heat of the flames
火焰的炽热高温
♦ fierce∙ly adv.:
»'Let go of me,' she said fiercely.
"放开我。"她极为气愤地说道。
»fiercely competitive
竞争激烈的
»The aircraft was burning fiercely.
飞机猛烈地燃烧着。
♦ fierce∙ness noun [U] 【IDIOMS】
◘ something 'fierce
(NAmE, informal)
• very much; more than usual
• 十分；特别:
»I sure do miss you something fierce!
我真的非常想念你！
zoom / zu:m /
◙ verb
1. [V +adv. / prep.] to move or go somewhere very fast
• 快速移动；迅速前往
【SYN】 rush , whizz :
»Traffic zoomed past us.
车辆从我们身边疾驰而过。
»For nine weeks they zoomed around Europe.
他们在欧洲各国马不停蹄地奔波了五个星期。
2. [V] ~ (up) (to...) (of prices, costs, etc. 价格、费用等) to increase a lot quickly and suddenly
• 急剧增长；猛涨:
»House prices have zoomed up this year.
今年房屋价格飞涨。 【PHR V】
◘ ˌzoom 'in / 'out (of a camera 摄影机或摄像机)
• to show the object that is being photographed from closer / further away, with the use of a zoom lens
• (用变焦距镜头)拉近,推远；使画面放大(或缩小):
»The camera zoomed in on the actor's face.
摄影机将演员的脸拉近了。
◙ noun
1. [C] = zoom lens :
»a zoom shot
用变焦距镜头拍的照片
2. [sing.] the sound of a vehicle moving very fast
• (车辆等)疾驰的声音
broom / bru:m /
◙ noun
1. [C] a brush on the end of a long handle, used for sweeping floors
• 扫把；扫帚
--› see also new broom
2. [U] a wild bush with small yellow flowers
• 金雀花(野生,开小黄花)【IDIOMS】
--› see new
dizzy / ˈdizi /
◙ adj.
1. feeling as if everything is spinning around you and that you are not able to balance
• 头晕目眩的；眩晕的
【SYN】 giddy :
»Climbing so high made me feel dizzy.
爬那么高使我感到头晕目眩。
»I suffer from dizzy spells (= short periods when I am dizzy ).
我患有阵发性头晕。
2. making you feel dizzy ; making you feel that a situation is changing very fast
• 使人眩晕的；使人头昏眼花的；使人感到变化太快的
【SYN】 giddy :
»the dizzy descent from the summit
从山顶陡然而下令人目眩的山坡
»the dizzy pace of life in Hong Kong
香港令人目眩的生活节奏
3. (informal, especially NAmE) silly or stupid
• 愚蠢的；笨的
【SYN】 giddy :
»a dizzy blonde
金发傻妞
♦ diz∙zily adv.
♦ diz∙zi∙ness noun [U] 【IDIOMS】
◘ the dizzy 'heights (of sth)
•(informal) an important or impressive position
• 重要的职位；显赫的地位
at∙trac∙tion / əˈtrækʃn /
◙ noun
1. [U, sing.] a feeling of liking sb, especially sexually
• (尤指两性间的)爱慕,吸引:
»She felt an immediate attraction for him.
她立即对他产生了爱慕之情。
»Sexual attraction is a large part of falling in love.
堕入爱河很大部份是由于性吸引。
2. [C] an interesting or enjoyable place to go or thing to do
• 向往的地方；有吸引力的事:
»Buckingham Palace is a major tourist attraction.
白金汉宫是重要的旅游胜地。
»The main attraction at Giverny is Monet's garden.
吉维尼主要的景点是莫奈花园。
3. [C, U] a feature, quality or person that makes sth seem interesting and enjoyable, and worth having or doing
• 有吸引力的特征(或品质、人):
»I can't see the attraction of sitting on a beach all day.
我看不出整天坐在海滩上有什么乐趣。
»City life holds little attraction for me.
我对城市生活不感兴趣。
»She is the star attraction of the show.
她是这个节目中耀眼的明星。
4. [U] (physics 物) a force which pulls things towards each other
• 吸引力:
»gravitational / magnetic attraction
地心引力；磁力
--› compare repulsion (2)
dis∙ap∙point / ˌdisəˈpɔint /
◙ verb
1. to make sb feel sad because sth that they hope for or expect to happen does not happen or is not as good as they hoped
• 使失望:
▪ [VN]
»Her decision to cancel the concert is bound to disappoint her fans.
她决定取消这场音乐会,肯定会使她的歌迷失望。
»I hate to disappoint you, but I'm just not interested.
我不想使你扫兴,但我确实不感兴趣。
»The movie had disappointed her (= it wasn't as good as she had expected).
这部电影使她失望。
▪ [V]
»His latest novel does not disappoint.
他最近发表的这部小说没有使人失望。
▪ [also VN that]
2. [VN] to prevent sth that sb hopes for from becoming a reality
• 使破灭；使落空:
»The new government had soon disappointed the hopes of many of its supporters.
新政府不久便使许多支持者的希望破灭了。