m9u1'opera house ◙ noun • a theatre whereoperasare performed • 歌剧院
sky∙scraper / ˈskaiskreipə(r) / ◙ noun • a very tall building in a city • 摩天大楼
maple / ˈmeipl / ◙ noun 1. [C, U] (also 'maple tree) a tall tree with leaves that have five points and turn bright red or yellow in the autumn / fall. Maples grow in northern countries. • 槭树；枫树 2. [U] the wood of the maple tree • 槭木
wil∙der∙ness / ˈwildənəs; NAme -dərn- / ◙ noun [usually sing.] 1. a large area of land that has never been developed or used for growing crops because it is difficult to live there • 未开发的地区；荒无人烟的地区；荒野: »The Antarctic is the world's last great wilderness. 南极洲是世界上发现最晚的大荒原。 »(NAmE) a wilderness area (= six where it is not permitted to build houses or roads) (政府划定的)保留自然环境面貌地区 »(figurative) the barren wilderness of modern life 现代生活贫瘠的荒漠 2. a place that people do not take care of or control • 荒芜的地方；杂草丛生处: »Their garden is a wilderness of grass and weeds. 他们的花园杂草丛生。
【IDIOMS】
◘ in the 'wilderness • no longer in an important position, especially in politics • 在野；不再当政(或掌权)
centi∙grade / ˈsentiɡreid / ◙ adj. =Celsius: »a temperature of 40 degrees centigrade * 40 摄氏度的温度 ♦ centi∙grade noun [U] : »temperatures in centigrade and Fahrenheit 摄氏和华氏温度
bor∙der / ˈbɔ:də(r); NAmE ˈbɔ:rd- / ◙ noun 1. the line that divides ten countries or areas; the land near this line • 国界；边界；边疆；边界地区: »a national park on the border between Kenya and Tanzania 位于肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚边界的国家公园 »Denmark's border with Germany 丹麦和德国的国界线 »in the US, near the Canadian border 在美国,接近加拿大边界 »Nevada's northern border 内华达州的北部边界 »to cross the border 穿越边界 »to flee across / over the border 穿越边境逃亡 »border guards / controls 边防警衞；边境管制 »a border dispute / incident 边界争端/事件 »a border town / state 位于边疆的城镇/州 »(figurative) It is difficult to define the border between love and friendship. 爱情和友情之间的界线难以划清。 2. a strip around the edge of sth such as a picture or a piece of cloth • 镶边；包边: »a pillowcase with a lace border 有花边的枕套 3. (in a garden 花园) a strip of soil which is planted with flowers, along the edge of the grass • (草坪边等的)狭长花坛◙ verb [VN] 1. (of a country or an area 国家或地区) to share a border with another country or area • 和…毗邻；与…接壤: »the countries bordering the Baltic 波罗的海沿岸国家 2. to form a line along or around the edge of sth • 沿…的边；环绕…；给…镶边: »Meadows bordered the path to the woods. 通往森林的小径两边都是草坪。 »The large garden is bordered by a stream. 大花园紧临着一条小溪。
【PHR V】
◘ 'border on sth 1. to come very close to being sth, especially a strong or unpleasant emotion or quality • 濒于；近乎: »She felt an anxiety bordering on hysteria. 她感觉到一种近乎歇斯底里的焦虑。 2. to be next to sth • 挨着；接壤: »areas bordering on the Black Sea 黑海沿岸地区
count∙less / ˈkauntləs / ◙ adj. [usually before noun] • very many; too many to be counted or mentioned • 无数的；数不胜数的；数不尽的: »I've warned her countless times. 我警告过她无数次了。 »The new treatment could save Emma's life and the lives of countless others. 新的疗法可拯救埃玛的生命以及无数其他人的生命。 --› compareuncountablefreez∙ing / ˈfri:ziŋ / ◙ adj. 1. extremely cold • 极冷的: »It's freezing in here! 这儿冷得不得了！ »I'm freezing! 我要冻僵了！ --› note atcold 2. [only before noun] having temperatures that are below 0° Celsius • 冰冻的；冰点以下的: »freezing fog 冰雾 »freezing temperatures 冻结温度 --› note atcold ♦ freez∙ing adv. (informal): »It's freezing cold outside. 外面极为寒冷。
rec∙re∙ation / ˌrekriˈeiʃn / ◙ noun 1. [U] the fact of people doing things for enjoyment, when they are not working • 娱乐；消遣: »the need to improve facilities for leisure and recreation 改进消遣娱乐设施之必要 »the increasing use of land for recreation 把越来越多的土地用于娱乐 2. [C] (BrE) a particular activity that sb does when they are not working • 娱乐活动；游戏 【SYN】hobby,pastime: »His recreations include golf, football and shooting. 他的娱乐活动包括打高尔夫球、踢足球和射击。 --› note atentertainmentˌcross-'country ◙ adj. [usually before noun] adv. 1. across fields or open country rather than on roads or a track • 越野的: »cross-country running 越野跑 »We rode cross-country. 我们驾车越野前行。 2. from one part of a country to the other, especially not using main roads or routes • (尤指通过越野)横越全国的: »cross-country train journeys 穿越全国的火车旅行 ◙ noun 1. the cross-country [sing.] across-countryrunning orskiingrace • 越野赛跑；越野滑雪比赛 2. [U] the sport of running orskiingacross country • 越野赛跑运动；越野滑雪运动 --› comparedownhilln.
pho∙tog∙raph∙er / fəˈtɔɡrəfə(r); NAme fəˈtɑ:ɡ- / ◙ noun • a person who takes photographs, especially as a job • 拍照者；摄影师: »a wildlife / fashion / portrait photographer 野生动物/时装/人像摄影师
hunt∙er / ˈhʌntə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a person who hunts wild animals for food or sport; an animal that hunts its food • 猎人；狩猎者；(猎食其他动物的)猎兽 2. (usually in compounds 通常构成复合词) a person who looks for and collects a particular kind of thing • 搜集某种东西的人: »a bargain hunter 四处寻找便宜货的人 --› see alsoheadhunter 3. (BrE) a fast strong horse used in huntingfoxes • 猎狐马 4. (NAmE) a dog used in hunting • 猎犬
rank / ræŋk / ◙ noun ›› POSITION IN ORGANIZATION / ARMY, ETC. 头衔 1. [U, C] the position, especially a high position, that sb has in a particular organization, society, etc. • (尤指较高的)地位,级别: »She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank. 她不习惯和社会地位很高的人搅和在一起。 »He rose through the ranks to become managing director. 他级级攀升,当上了常务董事。 »Within months she was elevated to ministerial rank. 不出几个月,她就被提升至部级。 --› see alsoranking 2. [C, U] the position that sb has in the army, navy, police, etc. • 军衔；军阶；警衔: »He was soon promoted to the rank of captain. 他很快被提升至上尉军阶。 »officers of junior / senior rank 有低级/高级军阶的军官 »a campaign to attract more women into the military ranks 吸引更多的女性担任各级军官的运动 »officers, and other ranks (= people who are not officers) 军官及士兵 »The colonel was stripped of his rank (= was given a lower position, especially as a punishment). 那名上校被降职了。 3. the ranks [pl.] the position of ordinary soldiers rather than officers • 普通士兵: »He served in the ranks for most of the war. 战争期间,他大部份时间都在部队服役。 »He rose from the ranks (= from being an ordinary soldier) to become a warrant officer. 他从普通士兵升至准尉。 ›› QUALITY 质量 4. [sing.] the degree to which sb / sth is of high quality • 等级；级别: »a painter of the first rank 一流的画家 »Britain is no longer in the front rank of world powers. 英国再也不是位于前列的世界强国。 »The findings are arranged in rank order according to performance. 这些研究结果是根据性能等级排列的。 ›› MEMBERS OF GROUP 成员 5. the ranks [pl.] the members of a particular group or organization • (团体或组织的)成员: »We have a number of international players in our ranks. 我们的队员中有好几个国际选手。 »At 50, he was forced to join the ranks of the unemployed. 他 50 岁时被迫加入了失业行列。 »There were serious divisions within the party's own ranks. 这个党内部存在着严重对立的派别。 ›› LINE / ROW 行；列 6. [C] a line or row of soldiers, police, etc. standing next to each other • (警察、士兵等的)队列,行列: »They watched as ranks of marching infantry passed the window. 他们看着步兵列队从窗前走过。 7. [C] a line or row of people or things • 排；行；列: »massed ranks of spectators 聚集起来的旁观者的行列 »The trees grew in serried ranks (= very closely together). 树木一排靠一排地生长。 --› see alsotaxi rank
【IDIOMS】
◘ break 'ranks 1. (of soldiers, police, etc. 士兵、警察等) to fail to remain in line • 掉队；未保持队形 2. (of the members of a group 成员) to refuse to support the group or the organization of which they are members • 不支持所属团体(或组织) --› more atclose¹ v.,pullv. ◙ verb (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) ›› GIVE POSITION 分等级 1. ~ (sb) (as sth) to give sb / sth a particular position on a scale according to quality, importance, success, etc.; to have a position of this kind • 把…分等级；属于某等级: ▪ [VN] »The tasks have been ranked in order of difficulty. 按照困难程度对工作进行了分类。 »She is currently the highest ranked player in the world. 她是目前居全球榜首的运动员。 »top-ranked players 一流的选手 ▪ [VN-ADJ] »Last year, he was ranked second in his age group. 他去年在他的年龄段排名第二。 ▪ [V-ADJ] »At the height of her career she ranked second in the world. 在她事业的顶峰时期,她排名世界第二位。 ▪ [VN-N] »The university is ranked number six in the country for engineering. 在工程学领域上,这所大学位居本国第一。 ▪ [V , often +adv. / prep.] »The restaurant ranks among the finest in town. 这家饭店属于城里最好的。 »It certainly doesn't rank as his greatest win. 这肯定算不上他最大的胜利。 »This must rank with (= be as good as) the greatest movies ever made. 这部影片一定可与史上最优秀的影片相媲美。 ▪ [V] »(NAmE) You just don't rank (= you're not good enough). 你还不够等级。 ›› PUT IN LINE / ROW 排列；排成行 2. [VN] [usually passive] to arrange objects in a line or row • 排列；使排成行◙ adj. 1. having a strong unpleasant smell • 难闻的；恶臭的: »The house was full of the rank smell of urine. 这屋子里到处有一股尿的臊味。 2. [only before noun] used to emphasize a particular quality, state, etc. • (强调质量、状况等)极端的,糟糕的: »an example of rank stupidity 极端愚蠢的例子 »The winning horse was a rank outsider. 获胜的这匹马,本来谁也没指望它能获胜。 3. (of plants, etc. 植物) growing too thickly • 疯长的
multi∙cul∙tural / ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl / ◙ adj. • for or including people of several different races, religions, languages and traditions • 多元文化的；多种文化融合的: »We live in a multicultural society. 我们生活在一个多元文化的社会中。 »a multicultural approach to education 多种文化融合的教育方法
his∙tor∙ic / hiˈstɔrik; NAme -ˈstɔ:r-; -ˈstɑ:r- / ◙ adj. [usually before noun] 1. important in history; likely to be thought of as important at some time in the future • 历史上著名(或重要)的；可名垂青史的: »a historic building / monument 有历史意义的建筑/纪念碑 »The area is of special historic interest. 这个地区有特别历史意义。 »a historic occasion / decision / day / visit / victory 历史性的时刻/决定/日子/访问/胜利 2. of a period during which history was recorded • 有史时期的: »in historic times 在有史时期 --› compareprehistoric
【HELP】Some speakers do not pronounce the 'h' at the beginning of historic and use 'an' instead of 'a' before it. This now sounds old-fashioned. • 有人说 historic 时不发 h 音,前面用 an 而不用 a,现在听起来过时了。
alley / ˈæli / ◙ noun 1. (also al∙ley∙way / ˈæliwei / ) a narrow passage behind or between buildings • (建筑群中间或后面的)小街,小巷,胡同: »a narrow / dark alley 狭窄的/黑暗的小巷 --› see alsoblind alley,bowling alley 2. (NAmE) =tramlines
【IDIOMS】
◘ (right) up your 'alley (NAmE) =(right) up your streetat streetcon∙crete / ˈkɔŋkri:t; NAmE ˈkɑ:ŋ- / ◙ adj. 1. made of concrete • 混凝土制的: »a concrete floor 混凝土地面 2. based on facts, not on ideas or guesses • 确实的,具体的(而非想像或猜测的): »concrete evidence / proposals / proof 确凿的证据；具体的建议；确实的证明 »'It's only a suspicion,' she said, 'nothing concrete.' "那只是怀疑,"她说,"没有任何确实的依据。" »It is easier to think in concrete terms rather than in the abstract. 结合具体的事物来思考要比抽象思考容易些。 --› compareabstract(1) 3. a concrete object is one that you can see and feel • 有形的；实在的 ♦ con∙crete∙ly adv.◙ noun [U] • building material that is made by mixing togethercement, sand, small stones and water • 混凝土: »a slab of concrete 混凝土板 ◙ verb [VN] • ~ sth (over) to cover sth withconcrete • 用混凝土覆盖: »The garden had been concreted over. 花园里铺设了混凝土。
dy∙nam∙ic / daiˈnæmik / ◙ noun 1. dynamics [pl.] the way in which people or things behave and react to each other in a particular situation • (人或事物)相互作用的方式,动态: »the dynamics of political change 政治变化动态 »group dynamics (= the way in which members of a group react to each other) 成员的互动 2. dynamics [U] the science of the forces involved in movement • 力学；动力学: »fluid dynamics 流体力学 --› comparestatic n. (3) 3. [sing.] (formal) a force that produces change, action or effects • 动力 4. dynamics [pl.] (music 音) changes in volume in music • 力度；力度变化◙ adj. 1. (approving) (of a person 人) having a lot of energy and a strong personality • 充满活力的；精力充沛的；个性强的: »a dynamic personality 充满活力的个性 2. (of a process 过程) always changing and making progress • 动态的；发展变化的 【OPP】static 3. (physics 物) (of a force or power 力或动力) producing movement • 力的；动力的 【OPP】staticys(linguistics 语言) (of verbs 动词) • describing an action rather than a state. Dynamic verbs (for example eat, grow, knock, die) can be used in the progressive tenses. • 动态的 --› comparestative ♦ dy∙nam∙ic∙al∙ly / -kli / adv.cuis∙ine / kwiˈzi:n / ◙ noun [U, C] (from French) 1. a style of cooking • 烹饪；风味: »Italian cuisine 意大利式烹饪 2. the food served in a restaurant (usually an expensive one) • (通常指昂贵的饭店中的)饭菜,菜肴: »The hotel restaurant is noted for its excellent cuisine. 这家旅馆的餐厅以美味佳肴闻名遐迩。 --› see alsohaute cuisine,nouvelle cuisinemall / mɔ:l; BrE also mæl / ◙ noun (especially NAmE) =shopping mall: »Let's go to the mall. 我们去商场吧。 »Some teenagers were hanging out at the mall. 有些青少年在大型购物中心里闲逛。
water∙fall / ˈwɔ:təfɔ:l; NAme ˈwɔ:tərf-; ˈwɑ:t- / ◙ noun • a place where a stream or river falls from a high place, for example over acliffor rock • 瀑布
semi∙circle / ˈsemisə:kl; NAme -sə:rkl / ◙ noun 1. (geometry 几何) one half of a circle • 半圆 2. the line that forms the edge of a semicircle • 半圆弧线 3. a thing, or a group of people or things, shaped like a semicircle • 半圆形: »a semicircle of chairs 摆成半圆形的椅子 »We sat in a semicircle round the fire. 我们坐在炉火前,围成一个半圆形。 ♦ semi∙cir∙cu∙lar / ˌsemiˈsə:kjələ(r); NAme -ˈsə:rk- / adj.: »a semicircular driveway 半圆形车道
sheet / ʃi:t / ◙ noun ›› ON BED 牀上 1. a large piece of thin cloth used on a bed to lie on or lie under • 牀单；被单: »Have you changed the sheets (= put clean sheets on the bed) ? 被单你换了吗？ »He slid between the sheets and closed his eyes. 他钻进被子里,闭上了眼睛。 --› see alsodust sheet ›› OF PAPER 纸 2. a piece of paper for writing or printing on, etc. usually in a standard size • 一张(通常指标准尺寸的纸): »a clean / blank sheet of paper (= with no writing on it) 一页白纸 »Pick up six of our free information sheets at reception. 请在接待处拿一份我们的免费资料。 ›› FLAT THIN PIECE 片 3. a flat thin piece of any material, normally square orrectangular • 薄片,薄板(多指正方形或长方形的): »a sheet of glass / steel 一块玻璃；一张钢板 »sheet metal (= metal that has been made into thin sheets) 金属板 »Place the dough on a baking sheet (= for cooking sth in an oven). 把麪团放在烤板上。 ›› WIDE FLAT AREA 大片 4. a wide flat area of sth, covering the surface of sth else • 一大片(覆盖物): »The road was covered with a sheet of ice. 路面结了一层冰。 ›› OF FIRE / WATER 火；水 5. a large moving mass of fire or water • 一大片,一大堆,一大摊(移动的东西): »a sheet of flame 一片火海 »The rain was coming down in sheets (= very heavily). 大雨倾盆而下。 ›› ON SAIL 帆上 6. (technical 术语) a rope or chain fastened to the lower corner of a sail to hold it and to control the angle of the sail • 帆脚索；拉帆绳
【HELP】There are other compounds ending sheet. You will find them at their place in the alphabet. • 其他以 sheet 结尾的复合词,可在各字母中的适当位置查到。
【IDIOMS】
--› seecleanadj.
trav∙el∙ler (especially BrE) (NAmE usually trav∙el∙er) / ˈtrævələ(r) / ◙ noun 1. a person who is travelling or who often travels • 旅行者；旅游者；旅客；游客: »She is a frequent traveller to Belgium. 她经常到比利时去旅行。 »He passed the time chatting with fellow travellers. 他与同行的旅客闲聊消磨时间。 --› see alsocommercial traveller 2. (BrE) a person who does not live in six place but travels around, especially as part of a group (often used as a word for aGypsy) • (尤指结队而行的)漂泊者；(常指)吉卜赛人: »New Age travellers 经常迁移的新时代人
fron∙tier / ˈfrʌntiə(r); NAmE frʌnˈtir / ◙ noun 1. (BrE) [C] ~ (between A and B) | ~ (with sth) a line that separates two countries, etc.; the land near this line • 国界；边界；边境: »the frontier between the land of the Saxons and that of the Danes 撒克逊人土地和古斯堪的纳维亚人土地的边界 »a customs post on the frontier with Italy 意大利边境海关关卡 »a frontier town / zone / post 边陲小镇；边疆地带；边防站 --› note atborder 2. the frontier [sing.] the edge of land where people live and have built towns, beyond which the country is wild and unknown, especially in the western US in the 19th century • (尤指 19 世纪美国西部的)开发地区边缘地带,边远地区: »a remote frontier settlement 边远地区定居点 3. [C, usually pl.] ~ (of sth) the limit of sth, especially the limit of what is known about a particular subject or activity • (学科或活动的)尖端,边缘: »to push back the frontiers of science (= to increase knowledge of science) 开拓科学新领域 »to roll back the frontiers of government (= to limit the powers of the government) 限制政府权力
west∙wards / ˈwestwədz; NAme -wərdz / (also west∙ward) ◙ adv. • towards the west • 向西；朝西: »to turn westwards 向西转 ♦ west∙ward adj.: »in a westward direction 方向朝西
settle∙ment / ˈsetlmənt / ◙ noun 1. [C] an official agreement that ends an argument between two people or groups • (解决纷争的)协议: »to negotiate a peace settlement 就和平协议进行谈判 »The management and unions have reached a settlement over new working conditions. 资方和工会已就新的工作条件达成协议。 »an out-of-court settlement (= money that is paid to sb or an agreement that is made to stop sb going to court) 庭外和解 2. [U] the action of reaching an agreement • 解决；处理: »the settlement of a dispute 争端的解决 3. [C] (law 律) the conditions, or a document stating the conditions, on which money or property is given to sb • (关于钱财转让的)协议(书): »a divorce / marriage / property, etc. settlement 离婚、结婚、财产等协议 4. [U] the action of paying back money that you owe • (欠款的)支付,偿付,结算: »the settlement of a debt 债务的偿还 »a cheque in settlement of a bill 用于结账的支票 5. [C] a place where people have come to live and make their homes, especially where few or no people lived before • (尤指拓荒安家的)定居点: »signs of an Iron Age settlement 铁器时代村落遗址 6. [U] the process of people making their homes in a place • 移民；殖民；开拓: »the settlement of the American West 美国西部的开拓过程
syrup / ˈsirəp / ◙ noun [U] 1. a sweet liquid made from sugar and water, often used in cans of fruit • 糖水(罐头水果常用): »pears in syrup 糖水梨 2. any thick sweet liquid made with sugar, used especially as a sauce • 糖浆 --› see alsocorn syrup,golden syrup,maple syrupmer∙chant / ˈmə:tʃənt; NAme ˈmə:rtʃ- / ◙ noun 1. a person who buys and sells goods in large quantities, especially six who imports and exports goods • 商人；批发商；(尤指)进出口批发商: »builders' merchants (= who sell supplies to the building trade) 建材批发商 »a coal / wine merchant 煤炭/葡萄酒批发商 »Venice was once a city of rich merchants. 威尼斯曾是富商云集的城市。 --› see alsosqueegee merchant 2. (BrE, informal, disapproving) a person who likes a particular activity • (某活动的)爱好者；热衷于…的人: »a speed merchant (= sb who likes to drive fast) 好开快车的人 »noise merchants (= for example, a band who make a lot of noise) 噪音迷
【IDIOMS】
--› seedoomn. ◙ adj. [only before noun] • connected with the transport of goods by sea • 海上货运的: »merchant seamen 商船船员
cow∙boy / ˈkaubɔi / ◙ noun 1. a man who rides a horse and whose job is to take care ofcattlein the western parts of the US • (美国西部的)牛仔,骑马牧人: »cowboy boots 牛仔靴 2. a man like this as a character in a film / movie about the American West • (美国西部影片中的)牛仔: »children playing a game of cowboys and Indians 玩美国西部牛仔与印第安人游戏的孩子们 3. (BrE, informal, disapproving) a dishonest person in business, especially sb who produces work of bad quality or charges too high a price • (尤指产品质量差或索价太高的)奸商
niece / ni:s / ◙ noun • the daughter of your brother or sister; the daughter of your husband's or wife's brother or sister • 侄女；甥女 --› comparenepheworal / ˈɔ:rəl / ◙ adj. 1. [usually before noun] spoken rather than written • 口头的: »a test of both oral and written French 法语口试和笔试 »oral evidence 口头证据 »He was interested in oral history (= history that is collected from interviews with people who have personal knowledge of past events). 他对口述历史感兴趣。 --› compareverbal(2) --› note atspoken 2. [only before noun] connected with the mouth • 用口的；口腔的；口服的: »oral hygiene 口腔衞生 »oral sex (= using the mouth tostimulatesb's sex organs) 口交 3. (phonetics 语音) (of a speech sound 语音) produced without the air in the nosevibrating • 口腔发声的；口腔的 --› comparenasal(3) ♦ or∙al∙ly / ˈɔ:rəli / adv.: »Answers can be written or presented orally on tape. 答案可以写下来或口述录在磁带上。 »not to be taken orally (= a warning on some medicines to show that they must not be swallowed) 不得口服 ◙ noun 1. (especially BrE) a spoken exam, especially in a foreign language • (尤指外语考试中的)口试: »a French oral 法语口试 »He failed the oral. 他口试不及格。 2. (NAmE) a spoken exam in a university • (大学里的)口试
merry / ˈmeri / ◙ adj. (mer∙rier, mer∙ri∙est) 1. happy and cheerful • 愉快的；高兴的 【SYN】cheery: »a merry grin 愉快的笑 --› note atcheerful 2. Merry Christmas used at Christmas to say that you hope that sb has an enjoyable holiday • (圣诞节祝贺语)圣诞快乐 3. (informal, especially BrE) slightly drunk • 微醺 【SYN】tipsy
【IDIOMS】
◘ make 'merry •(old-fashioned) to enjoy yourself by singing, laughing, drinking, etc. • 行乐；宴乐 ◘ the ˌmore the 'merrier •(saying) the more people or things there are, the better the situation will be or the more fun people will have • 人越多越热闹；(东西)多多益善,越多越好: »'Can I bring a friend to your party?' 'Sure—the more the merrier!' "我能带个朋友来你的聚会吗？" "当然,人越多越热闹嘛！" --› more ateat,hell,lead¹ v.
oc∙ca∙sion / əˈkeiʒn / ◙ noun 1. [C] a particular time when sth happens • 某次；…的时候: »on this / that occasion 这/那次 »I've met him on several occasions. 我曾几次见过他。 »I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel because of ill health. 我记得他因为健康不佳而被迫取消的情况绝无仅有。 »They have been seen together on ten separate occasions. 他们有两次被人看见在一起。 »On six occasion, she called me in the middle of the night. 有一次她深更半夜打电话给我。 »He used the occasion to announce further tax cuts. 他利用这个机会宣布再次减税。 2. [C] a special event, ceremony or celebration • 特别的事情(或仪式、庆典): »a great / memorable / happy occasion 伟大的/难忘的/欢乐的庆典 »Turn every meal into a special occasion. 要把每一顿饭都弄得特别一些。 »They marked the occasion (= celebrated it) with an open-air concert. 他们举办露天音乐会来庆祝这个特别的时刻。 »Their wedding turned out to be quite an occasion. 他们的婚礼办得相当隆重。 »He was presented with the watch on the occasion of his retirement. 他在退休时获赠这块手表。 3. [sing.] ~ (for sth / doing sth) a suitable time for sth • 适当的机会；时机: »It should have been an occasion for rejoicing, but she could not feel any real joy. 原本应该是高兴的时刻,她却丝毫未感到快乐。 »I'll speak to him about it if the occasion arises (= if I get a chance). 有机会的话,我要跟他谈谈这件事。 4. [U, sing.] ~ (to do sth) | ~ (of / for sth) (formal) a reason or cause • 理由；原因: »I've had no occasion to visit him recently. 我最近无缘去拜访他。 »Her death was the occasion of mass riots. 她的逝世引发了大规模的骚乱。 »I'm willing to go to court over this if the occasion arises (= if it becomes necessary). 如果必要的话,我愿意就此出庭。
【IDIOMS】
◘ on oc'casion(s) • sometimes but not often • 偶尔；偶然；有时: »He has been known on occasion to lose his temper. 大家都知道他有时会发脾气。 --› more atsensen. ◙ verb • (formal) to cause sth • 使发生；造成；导致: ▪ [VN] »The flight delay was occasioned by the need for a further security check. 这次航班的延误是由于必须做进一步的安全检查。 ▪ [VNN] »The decision occasioned us much anxiety. 这个决定让我们忧虑不堪。
team∙work / ˈti:mwə:k; NAme -wə:rk / ◙ noun [U] • the activity of working well together as a team • 协同工作；配合: »She stressed the importance of good teamwork. 她强调了团队合作的重要性。
em∙pire / ˈempaiə(r) / ◙ noun 1. a group of countries or states that are controlled by one ruler or government • 帝国: »the Roman empire 罗马帝国 2. a group of commercial organizations controlled by one person or company • 大企业；企业集团: »a business empire 大型企业集团
sea∙side / ˈsi:said / (often the seaside) ◙ noun [sing.] • (especially BrE) an area that is by the sea, especially six where people go for a day or a holiday / vacation • (尤指人们游玩、度假的)海边,海滨: »a trip to the seaside 去海滨旅行 »a day at / by the seaside 海滨一日 --› note atcoast ♦ sea∙side adj. [only before noun] : »a seaside resort 海滨胜地 »a seaside vacation home 海滨度假别墅
side∙walk / ˈsaidwɔ:k / ◙ noun (NAmE) =pavement(1)
jun∙gle / ˈdʒʌŋɡl / ◙ noun 1. [U, C] an area of tropical forest where trees and plants grow very thickly • (热带)丛林,密林: »The area was covered in dense jungle. 这个地区丛林密布。 »the jungles of South-East Asia 东南亚热带丛林 »jungle warfare 丛林战 »Our garden is a complete jungle. 我们的花园杂草丛生。 2. [sing.] an unfriendly or dangerous place or situation, especially one where it is very difficult to be successful or to trust anyone • 尔虞我诈的环境；危险地带: »It's a jungle out there—you've got to be strong to succeed. 那是个弱肉强食的地方——要成功就得是强者。 --› see alsoconcrete jungle 3. (also 'jungle music) [U] a type of popular dance music developed in Britain in the early 1990s, with fast music and spoken words about life in cities • 丛林音乐(20 世纪 90 年代初发端于英国的一种流行快步舞曲,歌词多涉城市生活)
【IDIOMS】
--› seelawim∙mi∙gra∙tion / ˌimiˈɡreiʃn / ◙ noun [U] 1. the process of coming to live permanently in a country that is not your own; the number of people who do this • 移居(入境)；移民人数: »laws restricting immigration into the US 美国限制外来移民的法律 »a rise / fall in immigration 移民人数的增加/减少 »immigration officers 移民局官员 --› compareemigration at emigrate 2. (also immi'gration control) the place at a port, an airport, etc. where the passports and other documents of people coming into a country are checked • 移民局检查站: »to go through immigration 通过移民局检查
sport∙ing / ˈspɔ:tiŋ; NAme ˈspɔ:rtiŋ / ◙ adj. 1. [only before noun] connected with sports • 体育运动的: »a major sporting event 一项重要的体育赛事 »a range of sporting activities 一系列体育活动 »His main sporting interests are golf and tennis. 他在体育方面主要爱好高尔夫球和网球。 »(NAmE) a store selling sporting goods 经营体育用品的商店 2. (especially BrE) fair and generous in your treatment of other people, especially in a game or sport • 风格高的；有良好体育风尚的 【OPP】unsporting ♦ sport∙ing∙ly adv.: »He sportingly agreed to play the point again. 他风格高,同意那一分重打。
【IDIOMS】
◘ a ˌsporting 'chance • a reasonable chance of success • 比较有成功希望的机会am∙bigu∙ous / æmˈbiɡjuəs / ◙ adj. 1. that can be understood in more than one way; having different meanings • 模棱两可的；含混不清的: »an ambiguous word / term / statement 模棱两可的词/用语/说法 »Her account was deliberately ambiguous. 她的陈述故意含混不清。 2. not clearly stated or defined • 不明确的: »His role has always been ambiguous. 他的作用一直不明确。 【OPP】unambiguous ♦ am∙bigu∙ous∙ly adv.: »an ambiguously worded agreement 措辞含混的协议
ab∙so∙lute / ˈæbsəlu:t / ◙ adj. 1. total and complete • 完全的；全部的；绝对的: »a class for absolute beginners 完全是初学者的班级 »absolute confidence / trust / silence / truth 充满信心；绝对信任；万籁俱寂；绝对真实 »'You're wrong,' she said with absolute certainty. "你错了。"她斩钉截铁地说。 2. [only before noun] used, especially in spoken English, to give emphasis to what you are saying • (英语口语中尤用以强调)道地的,确实的,十足的: »There's absolute rubbish on television tonight. 今晚的电视节目简直糟糕透顶。 »He must earn an absolute fortune. 他准是赚了一大笔钱。 3. definite and without any doubt or confusion • 肯定的；无疑的；明确的: »There was no absolute proof. 没有确凿的证据。 »He taught us that the laws of physics were absolute. 他教导我们说,物理定律是不容置疑的。 »The divorce became absolute last week. 离婚在上周已成定局。 --› see alsodecree absolute 4. not limited or restricted • 不受限制的；不受约束的: »absolute power / authority 无上权力；绝对权威 »an absolute ruler / monarchy (= six with no limit to their power) 独裁统治者；专制君主 5. existing or measured independently and not in relation to sth else • 独立的；绝对的: »Although prices are falling in absolute terms, energy is still expensive. 尽管能源的绝对售价在下降,但仍然昂贵。 »Beauty cannot be measured by any absolute standard. 美是不可能用任何绝对标准来衡量的。 --› comparerelative adj. (1) ◙ noun • an idea or a principle that is believed to be true or valid in any circumstances • 绝对真理(指思想或原理): »Right and wrong are, for her, moral absolutes. 她认为,是与非是道德上的绝对准则。
com∙pul∙sory / kəmˈpʌlsəri / ◙ adj. • that must be done because of a law or a rule • (因法律或规则而)必须做的,强制的,强迫的 【SYN】mandatory: »It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets. 所有骑摩托车的人都必须戴头盔,这是强制性的。 »English is a compulsory subject at this level. 英语在这一级次是必修科目。 »compulsory education / schooling 义务教育 »compulsory redundancies 强制裁员 【OPP】voluntary ♦ com∙pul∙sor∙ily / kəmˈpʌlsərəli / adv.: »Over 600 workers were made compulsorily redundant. * 600 多名工人遭到强制性裁员。
can∙teen / kænˈti:n / ◙ noun 1. (especially BrE) a place where food and drink are served in a factory, a school, etc. • 食堂；餐厅 2. a small container used by soldiers, travellers, etc. for carrying water or other liquid • (士兵、旅游者等用的)水壶 3. ~ of cutlery (BrE) a box containing a set of knives, forks and spoons • (装有一套刀、叉和勺的)餐具盒
pub / pʌb / (also formal ˌpublic 'house) (both BrE) ◙ noun • a building where people go to drink and meet their friends. Pubs serve alcoholic and other drinks, and often also food. • 酒吧；酒馆: »They've gone down the pub for a drink. 他们下酒馆喝酒去了。 »a pub lunch 酒馆供的午餐 »the landlord of the local pub 当地酒馆的老板
pint / paint / ◙ noun 1. (abbr. pt) a unit for measuring liquids and some dry goods. There are 8 pints in a gallon, equal to 0.568 of a litre in the UK and some other countries, and 0.473 of a litre in the US. • 品脱(容量单位,为 1/8加仑,在英国等国家约合 0.568 升,在美国约合 0.473 升) : »a pint of beer / milk 一品脱啤酒/牛奶 »We'd better get a couple of extra pints (= of milk) tomorrow. 明天我们最好再多买几品脱牛奶。 »Add half a pint of cream. 加上半品脱奶油。 2. (BrE) a pint of beer (especially in a pub) • 一品脱啤酒(尤用于酒吧): »Do you want to go for a pint later? 待会儿你想去喝一品脱啤酒吗？
grill / ɡril / ◙ noun 1. (BrE) the part of a cooker that directs heat downwards to cook food that is placed underneath it • (炊具、烤炉内的)烤架 --› comparebroiler(2) 2. a flat metal frame that you put food on to cook over a fire • (置于火上的)烤架 --› see alsobarbecue n. (1) 3. a dish ofgrilledfood, especially meat • 一盘烧烤食物(尤指烤肉) --› see alsomixed grill 4. (especially in names 尤用于名称) a restaurant servinggrilledfood • 烤肉餐馆；烧烤店: »Harry's Bar and Grill 哈里烤肉酒吧 5. =grille◙ verb [VN] 1. (BrE) to cook food under or over a very strong heat • (在高温下方或上方)烧烤,炙烤: »Grill the sausages for two minutes. 把香肠烤十分钟。 »grilled bacon 烤咸肉 --› comparebroil 2. (NAmE) to cook food over a fire, especially outdoors • (在火上,尤指户外)烧,烤,焙: »grilled meat and shrimp 烤肉和烤虾 3. ~ sb (about sth) to ask sb a lot of questions about their ideas, actions, etc., often in an unpleasant way • 盘问；追问；审问；责问: »They grilled her about where she had been all night. 他们盘问她整个夜晚呆在什么地方。 --› see alsogrillingleague / li:ɡ / ◙ noun 1. a group of sports teams who all play each other to earn points and find which team is best • (体育运动队的)联合会,联赛: »major-league baseball 棒球大联赛 »United were league champions last season. 联队是上个赛季的联赛冠军。 --› see alsominor-league 2. (informal) a level of quality, ability, etc. • (质量、能力等的)等级,级别,水平: »As a painter, he is in a league of his own (= much better than others). 作为画家,他独领风骚。 »They're in a different league from us. 他们与我们不属同一个级别。 »When it comes to cooking, I'm not in her league (= she is much better than me). 提到烹饪,我的水平远比不上她。 »A house like that is out of our league (= too expensive for us). 那样的房子不是我们这号人买得起的。 3. a group of people or nations who have combined for a particular purpose • 联盟；同盟 【SYN】alliance: »the League of Nations 国际联盟 »a meeting of the Women's League for Peace 妇女和平联盟会议 --› see alsoIvy League 4. (old use) a unit for measuring distance, equal to about 3 miles or 4 000 metres • 里格(长度单位,约等于 3 英里或 4 000 米)
【IDIOMS】
◘ in 'league (with sb) • making secret plans with sb • (与…)秘密串通,勾结
con∙tent¹ / ˈkɔntent; NAmE ˈkɑ:n- / ◙ noun --› see alsocontent² 1. contents [pl.] the things that are contained in sth • 所容纳之物；所含之物；内容: »He tipped the contents of the bag onto the table. 他把提包里的东西倒在桌子上。 »Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building. 大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。 »She hadn't read the letter and so was unaware of its contents. 她没有看过那封信,所以对其内容一无所知。 2. contents [pl.] the different sections that are contained in a book • (书的)目录,目次: »a table of contents (= the list at the front of a book) 目录 »a contents page 目录页 3. [sing.] the subject matter of a book, speech, programme, etc. • (书、讲话、节目等的)主题,主要内容: »Your tone of voice is as important as the content of what you have to say. 你的讲话声调和你要讲的内容同样重要。 »The content of the course depends on what the students would like to study. 课程的内容取决于学生愿意学什么。 »Her poetry has a good deal of political content. 她的诗歌包含有大量的政治内容。 4. [sing.] (following a noun 用于名词后) the amount of a substance that is contained in sth else • 含量；容量: »food with a high fat content 脂肪含量高的食物 »the alcohol content of a drink 饮料的酒精含量 5. [U] (computing 计) the information or other material contained on a website orCD-ROM • (网站或只读光盘上的)内容,目录: »online content providers 网络内容提供商 ◙ con∙tent² / kənˈtent / adj. --› see alsocontent¹ [not before noun] 1. ~ (with sth) happy and satisfied with what you have • 满意；满足: »Not content with stealing my boyfriend (= not thinking that this was enough), she has turned all my friends against me. 她夺走了我的男朋友还不满足,又挑起我所有的朋友和我作对。 »He seemed more content, less bitter. 他看起来比较满意,不那么失望。 »He had to be content with third place. 他只好屈居第三名。 --› note athappy 2. ~ to do sth willing to do sth • 愿意: »I was content to wait. 我愿意等候。 --› comparecontented◙ con∙tent² / kənˈtent / noun --› see alsocontent¹ =contentment
【IDIOMS】
--› seeheart◙ con∙tent² / kənˈtent / verb --› see alsocontent¹ ▪ [VN] 1. ~ yourself with sth to accept and be satisfied with sth and not try to have or do sth better • 满足；满意；知足: »Martina contented herself with a bowl of soup. 马蒂娜喝了一碗汤就心满意足了。 2. (formal) to make sb feel happy or satisfied • 使满意；使满足: »My apology seemed to content him. 我的道歉好像使他感到满意。
unfit / ʌnˈfit / ◙ adj. 1. ~ (for sth) | ~ (to eat, drink, live in, etc.) | ~ (to do sth) not of an acceptable standard; not suitable • 不合格的；不适合的；不适宜的: »The housing was unfit for human habitation. 这种住房不适合居住。 »The food on offer was unfit for human consumption. 那些特价食品不适宜让人食用。 »This water is unfit to drink. 这水不宜饮用。 »Most of the buildings are unfit to live in. 这些楼房多数不适合居住。 »They described him as unfit to govern. 他们认为他这个人不适合做管治工作。 (technical 术语) »Many of the houses were condemned as unfit. 这些房屋有许多被宣布为不适宜居住。 (technical 术语) »The court claims she is an unfit mother. 法庭声称她是不称职的母亲。 2. ~ for sth | ~ to do sth not capable of doing sth, for example because of illness • (因病等)不能做某事,不宜做事: »He's still unfit for work. 他还不宜工作。 »The company's doctor found that she was unfit to carry out her normal work. 公司的医生认为,她不宜从事正常工作。 3. (especially BrE) (of a person 人) not in good physical condition; not fit, because you have not taken exercise • 健康状况欠佳；身体状态差: »The captain is still unfit and will miss tonight's game. 队长身体欠佳,将不会出席今晚的比赛。 【OPP】fit ♦ un∙fit∙ness noun [U] owe / əu; NAme ou / ◙ verb (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) 1. ~ sth (to sb) (for sth) | ~ (sb) sth (for sth) to have to pay sb for sth that you have already received or return money that you have borrowed • 欠(债)；欠(账): ▪ [VNN , VN] »She still owes her father £3 000. 她还欠她父亲 3 000 英镑。 »She still owes £3 000 to her father. 她还欠她父亲 3 000 英镑。 ▪ [VN] »The country owes billions of dollars to foreign creditors. 这个国家欠外国债权人数十亿元。 »How much do I owe you for the groceries? 买这些杂货我得给你多少钱？ »(figurative) I'm still owed three days' leave. 还欠我三天假呢。 2. ~ sth to sb | ~ sb sth to feel that you ought to do sth for sb or give them sth, especially because they have done sth for you • 欠(情): ▪ [VN] »I owe a debt of gratitude to all my family. 我很感激我的全家人。 »You owe it to your staff to be honest with them. 与下属坦诚相待,这是你对他们应有的态度。 ▪ [VNN] »You owe me a favour! 你还欠我个人情哪！ »Thanks for sticking up for me—I owe you one (= I owe you a favour). 谢谢你给我解围——我欠你一个情。 »I think you owe us an explanation. 我认为你应当给我们一个解释。 »I think we're owed an apology. 我认为得有人向我们道歉。
【HELP】The passive is not used in this meaning except with a person as the subject: An apology is owed to us. • 除了以人作主语外,这一义项不用被动语态。不作 An apology is owed to us.
3. ~ sth to sb / sth | ~ sb sth to exist or be successful because of the help or influence of sb / sth • 归因于；归功于；起源于: ▪ [VN] »He owes his success to hard work. 他的成功是靠勤奋工作。 »The play owes much to French tragedy. 这部戏颇受法国悲剧的影响。 ▪ [VN , VNN] »I owe everything to him. 我的一切都归功于他。 »I owe him everything. 我的一切都归功于他。 ▪ [VNN] »I knew that I owed the surgeon my life. 我明白外科医生救了我的命。 4. [VN] ~ allegiance / loyalty / obedience (to sb) (formal) to have to obey or be loyal to sb who is in a position of authority or power • (对位高权重者)忠诚,服从
surf∙ing / ˈsə:fiŋ; NAme ˈsə:rf- / ◙ noun [U] 1. the sport of riding on waves while standing on a narrow board called asurfboard • 冲浪运动: »to go surfing 去冲浪 2. the activity of looking at different things on the Internet in order to find sth interesting, or of changing between TV channels in order to find an interesting programme • (互联网上)冲浪,漫游,浏览；来回转换电视频道(以寻找有趣节目)
equip / iˈkwip / ◙ verb (-pp-) ~ yourself / sb / sth (with sth) (for sth) 1. [VN] to provide yourself / sb / sth with the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity • 配备；装备 【SYN】kit out: »to be fully / poorly equipped 装备齐全/简陋 »She got a bank loan to rent and equip a small workshop. 她取得一笔银行贷款来租用和装备一个小车间。 »He equipped himself with a street plan. 他随身带着一张街道平面图。 »The centre is well equipped for canoeing and mountaineering. 本中心有齐全的划船和登山设备。 2. to prepare sb for an activity or task, especially by teaching them what they need to know • 使有所准备；使有能力: ▪ [VN] »The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing. 此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。 ▪ [also VN to inf]
dusk / dʌsk / ◙ noun [U] • the time of day when the light has almost gone, but it is not yet dark • 黄昏；傍晚 【SYN】twilight: »The street lights go on at dusk. 街灯在黄昏时分亮起来。 --› comparedawnthrill / θril / ◙ noun 1. ~ (to do sth) | ~ (of doing sth) a strong feeling of excitement or pleasure; an experience that gives you this feeling • 震颤感；兴奋感；兴奋；激动；令人兴奋的经历: »It gave me a big thrill to meet my favourite author in person. 能见到我最喜欢的作者本人使我感到兴奋不已。 »the thrill of catching a really big fish 捉到一条确实很大的鱼的兴奋经历 »She gets an obvious thrill out of performing. 她显然从表演中得到一种兴奋感。 2. a sudden strong feeling that produces a physical effect • 一阵强烈的感觉: »A thrill of alarm ran through him. 一阵惊恐的感觉传遍他的全身。
【IDIOMS】
◘ (the) thrills and 'spills •(informal) the excitement that is involved in dangerous activities, especially sports • (危险活动,尤指体育运动的)紧张和刺激◙ verb [VN] • to excite or please sb very much • 使非常兴奋；使非常激动: »This band has thrilled audiences all over the world. 这支乐队使全世界的观众狂热痴迷。 »I was thrilled by your news. 你的消息使我兴奋极了。
【PHR V】
◘ 'thrill to sth (formal) • to feel very excited at sth • 对…感到非常兴奋(或激动)
cricket / ˈkrikit / ◙ noun 1. [U] a game played on grass by ten teams of 11 players. Players score points (calledruns) by hitting the ball with a woodenbatand running between ten sets of vertical wooden sticks, calledstumps. • 板球(运动): »a cricket match / team / club / ball 板球比赛/运动队/俱乐部；板球 2. [C] a small brown jumping insect that makes a loud high sound by rubbing its wings together • 蟋蟀；蛐蛐: »the chirping of crickets 蟋蟀的唧唧叫声
【IDIOMS】
◘ not 'cricket •(old-fashioned, BrE, informal) unfair; nothonourable • 不公正；不光明正大；不光彩；见不得人
ori∙gin∙al∙ly / əˈridʒənəli / ◙ adv. • used to describe the situation that existed at the beginning of a particular period or activity, especially before sth was changed • 原来；起初: »The school was originally very small. 这所学校当初很小。 »She comes originally from York. 她原本来自约克郡。 »Originally, we had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece. 我们本来打算去意大利,但后来赢得机会去了希腊。
con∙sider∙ing / kənˈsidəriŋ / ◙ prep. , conj. • used to show that you are thinking about a particular fact, and are influenced by it, when you make a statement about sth • 考虑到；就…而言；鉴于: »She's very active, considering her age. 就她的年龄来说,她是十分活跃的。 »Considering he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it. 鉴于他才刚刚开始,他懂得的已经不少了。 »You've done very well, considering (= in the difficult circumstances). 考虑到处境的艰难,你已经做得相当不错了。