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clas∙sic∙al / ˈklæsikl /
◙ adj. [usually before noun]
1. widely accepted and used for a long time; traditional in style or idea
• 古典的；经典的；传统的:
»the classical economics of Smith and Ricardo
亚当 · 斯密与李嘉图的古典经济学
»the classical theory of unemployment
传统的失业理论
»classical and modern ballet
古典与现代芭蕾舞
2. connected with or influenced by the culture of ancient Greece and Rome
• 和古希腊与古罗马文化相关的；受古希腊与古罗马文化影响的:
»classical studies
古希腊与古罗马文化的研究
»a classical scholar (= an expert in Latin and Greek)
研究拉丁文与希腊文的学者
3. (of music 音乐) written in a Western musical tradition, usually using an established form (for example a symphony ) and not played on electronic instruments. Classical music is generally considered to be serious and to have a lasting value.
• 古典的:
»He plays classical music, as well as pop and jazz.
他演奏古典音乐,同时也演奏流行音乐和爵士乐。
»a classical composer / violinist
古典音乐作曲家/小提琴手
4. = classic (2) :
»These are classical examples of food allergy.
这些是食物过敏的典型病例。
5. (of a language 语言) ancient in its form and no longer used in a spoken form
• 古文的；文言的:
»classical Arabic
古阿拉伯语
6. simple and attractive
• 简洁优美的；朴实美观的:
»the classical elegance of the design
设计简洁典雅
♦ clas∙sic∙al∙ly / ˈklæsikli / adv.:
»Her face is classically beautiful.
她的脸秀而不妖。
»a classically trained singer
受过古典派训练的歌手
cath∙edral / kəˈθi:drəl /
◙ noun
• the main church of a district, under the care of a bishop (= a priest of high rank)
• 主教座堂；教区总教堂:
»St Paul's Cathedral
圣保罗大教堂
»(BrE) a cathedral city
有主教座堂的城市
pol∙it∙ics / ˈpɔlətiks; NAme ˈpɑ:l- /
◙ noun
1. [U + sing. / pl. v.] the activities involved in getting and using power in public life, and being able to influence decisions that affect a country or a society
• 政治；政治事务(或活动):
»party politics
党派政治
»local politics
地方政治活动
»He's thinking of going into politics (= trying to become a Member of Parliament, Congress, etc.)
他打算步入政坛。
»a major figure in British politics
英国政坛的风云人物
2. [U + sing. / pl. v.] (disapproving) matters concerned with getting or using power within a particular group or organization
• 权术；鈎心斗角:
»I don't want to get involved in office politics.
我不想卷入办公室的政治。
»the internal politics of the legal profession
法律界内部的鈎心斗角
»sexual politics (= concerning relationships of power between the sexes)
两性间的权势之争
3. [pl.] a person's political views or beliefs
• (个人的)政治观点,政见,政治信仰:
»His politics are extreme.
他的政治观点偏激。
4. [U] = political science :
»a degree in Politics
政治学学位
5. [sing.] a system of political beliefs; a state of political affairs
• 政治思想体系；政治局势:
»A politics of the future has to engage with new ideas.
未来的政治制度必须同新思想结合。
as∙so∙ci∙ate
◙ verb / əˈsəuʃieit; -sieit; NAmE əˈsou- /
1. əʒŋ] ~ sb / sth (with sb / sth) to make a connection between people or things in your mind
• 联想；联系:
»I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.
一闻到烘烤食物的味道我就想起了童年。
»He is closely associated in the public mind with horror movies.
在公众的心目中,他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。
2. [V] ~ with sb to spend time with sb, especially a person or people that sb else does not approve of
• 交往；(尤指)混在一起
【SYN】 mix :
»I don't like you associating with those people.
我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。
3. [VN] ~ yourself with sth (formal) to show that you support or agree with sth
• 表明支持；表示同意:
»May I associate myself with the Prime Minister's remarks? (= I agree with them)
我可以公开表示赞成首相的话吗？
【OPP】 dissociate
◙ adj. / əˈsəuʃiət; -siət; NAmE əˈsou- / əonly before noun]
1. (often in titles 常用于头衔) of a lower rank, having fewer rights in a particular profession or organization
• 非正式的；准的；副的:
»associate membership of the European Union
欧洲联盟的非正式会员身分
»an associate member / director / editor
准会员；副导演/主编
2. joined to or connected with a profession or an organization
• 联合的；有关连的:
»an associate company in Japan
在日本的一家联营公司
◙ noun / əˈsəuʃiət; NAmE əˈsou- /
1. a person that you work with, do business with or spend a lot of time with
• 同事；伙伴:
»business associates
业务伙伴
2. (also Associate) an associate
• 合伙人
3. Associate (US) a person who has an Associate's degree (= six that is given after completing ten years of study at a junior college)
• 准学士(获得两年制高校学位)
flat / flæt /
◙ adj. (flat∙ter, flat∙test)
›› LEVEL 平
1. having a level surface, not curved or sloping
• 水平的；平坦的:
»low buildings with flat roofs
平顶矮建筑物
»People used to think the earth was flat.
人们曾经认为地球是平的。
»Exercise is the only way to get a flat stomach after having a baby.
产后只有通过锻炼才能使腹部收平。
»The sails hung limply in the flat calm (= conditions at sea when there is no wind and the water is completely level).
风平浪静,风帆无力地垂挂着。
2. (of land 土地) without any slopes or hills
• 平坦的:
»The road stretched ahead across the flat landscape.
公路向前延伸,经过一片平坦的地。
3. (of surfaces 表面) smooth and even; without lumps or holes
• 平滑的:
»I need a flat surface to write on.
我需要一个平面在上面写字。
»We found a large flat rock to sit on.
我们找了一块可以坐的大而平滑的石头。
›› NOT HIGH 不高
4. broad but not very high
• 扁平的:
»Chapattis are a kind of flat Indian bread.
* chapatti 是一种印度薄饼。
»flat shoes (= with no heels or very low ones)
平跟鞋；平底鞋
›› DULL 枯燥
5. dull; lacking interest or enthusiasm
• 枯燥的；无趣的；缺乏热情的:
»He felt very flat after his friends had gone home.
他的朋友们回家后,他感到兴味索然。
›› VOICE 嗓音
6. not showing much emotion; not changing much in tone
• 平淡的；单调的:
»Her voice was flat and expressionless.
她的声音平淡而呆板。
›› COLOURS / PICTURES 颜色；图画
7. very smooth, with no contrast between light and dark, and giving no impression of depth
• 色彩单调的；无反差的；无景深的:
»Acrylic paints can be used to create large, flat blocks of colour.
丙烯颜料可用来创作单一色调的大幅图块。
›› BUSINESS 商业
8. not very successful because very little is being sold
• 不景气的；萧条的；生意清淡的:
»The housing market has been flat for months.
房屋市场已有好几个月处于低迷状态。
›› REFUSAL / DENIAL 拒绝；否认
9. [only before noun] not allowing discussion or argument; definite
• 断然的；绝对的:
»Her request was met with a flat refusal.
她的请求被断然拒绝。
»He gave a flat 'No!' to one reporter's question.
他对一名记者提问直截了当地答覆"不！"
›› IN MUSIC 音乐
10. used after the name of a note to mean a note a semitone / half tone lower
• 降音的；降半音的:
»That note should be B flat, not B.
那个音应该是降 B 音,而不是 B 音。
【OPP】 sharp
--› compare natural adj. (9)
11. below the correct pitch (= how high or low a note sounds)
• 低于标准音高的；偏低的:
»The high notes were slightly flat.
这些高音略为偏低。
【OPP】 sharp
›› DRINK 饮料
12. no longer having bubbles in it; not fresh
• 走了气的；不新鲜的:
»The soda was warm and had gone flat.
这汽水是温的,已走了气。
›› BATTERY 电池
13. (BrE) unable to supply any more electricity
• 电用完了的
›› TYRE 轮胎
14. not containing enough air, usually because of a hole
• 瘪了的；撒了气的
›› FEET 足
15. with no natural raised curves underneath
• 扁平的；足弓平坦的
--› see also flat-footed
♦ flat∙ness noun [U] 【IDIOMS】
◘ and ˌthat's 'flat!
(BrE, informal)
• that is my final decision and ɪ will not change my mind
• 这就是最后决定:
»You can't go and that's flat!
你不能去,就这样！
◘ as ˌflat as a 'pancake
• completely flat
• 完全平的
--› more at back n., spin n.
◙ noun
›› ROOMS 房间
1. [C] (BrE) a set of rooms for living in, including a kitchen, usually on one floor of a building
• 一套房间；公寓；单元房:
»Do you live in a flat or a house?
你住的是一层公寓还是一座房子？
»They're renting a furnished flat on the third floor.
他们租了四楼的一层带家具的公寓。
»a ground-floor flat
一楼的一套单元房
»a new block of flats
一栋新建的公寓楼
»Many large old houses have been converted into flats.
许多大的老房子已改建成单元房。
»Children from the flats (= the block of flats) across the street were playing outside.
街对面公寓楼里的儿童正在户外玩耍。
--› compare apartment
›› LEVEL PART 平面部份
2. [sing.] the ~ of sth the flat level part of sth
• (某物的)平面部份:
»He beat on the door with the flat of his hand.
他用手掌打门。
»the flat of a sword
剑面
›› LAND 土地
3. [C, usually pl.] an area of low flat land, especially near water
• (尤指水边的)平地；低洼地:
»salt flats
盐滩
--› see also mudflat
›› HORSE RACING 赛马
4. the flat the Flat [sing.] (BrE) the season for racing horses on flat ground with no jumps
• 无障碍平地赛马季节
›› IN MUSIC 音乐
5. [C] a note played a semitone / half tone lower than the note that is named. The written symbol is (
).
• 降半音；降音；降号:
»There are no sharps or flats in the key of C major.
* C 大调中没有升半音和降半音。
【OPP】 sharp
--› compare natural n. (2)
›› TYRE 轮胎
6. [C] (especially NAmE) a tyre that has lost air, usually because of a hole
• 瘪了的轮胎；撒了气的轮胎:
»We got a flat on the way home.
我们在回家的路上有一个轮胎漏气瘪了。
»We had to stop to fix a flat.
我们得停车修一下撒了气的轮胎。
›› IN THEATRE 剧院
7. [C] (technical 术语) a vertical section of scenery used on a theatre stage
• 平面布景；布景屏
›› SHOES 鞋
8. flats [pl.] = flatties
◘ on the 'flat
(BrE)
• on level ground, without hills or jumps (= for example in horse racing)
• 在平地上
◙ adv.
(comparative flat∙ter no superlative
• )
›› LEVEL 水平地
1. spread out in a level, straight position, especially against another surface
• (尤指贴着另一表面)平直地,平躺地:
»Lie flat and breathe deeply.
平躺做深呼吸。
»They pressed themselves flat against the tunnel wall as the train approached.
火车接近时他们身体紧贴着隧道壁。
›› REFUSING / DENYING 拒绝；否认
2. (BrE) (NAmE ˌflat 'out) (informal) in a definite and direct way
• 断然；直截了当地:
»She told me flat she would not speak to me again.
她直截了当地跟我说她再不会理我了。
»I made them a reasonable offer but they turned it down flat.
我向他们提出一个合理建议,但是他们断然拒绝了。
›› IN MUSIC 音乐
3. lower than the correct pitch (= how high or low a note sounds)
• 低于标准音高:
»He sings flat all the time.
他总是唱低了音。
【OPP】 sharp
◘ fall 'flat
• if a joke, a story, or an event falls flat, it completely fails to amuse people or to have the effect that was intended
• (笑话、故事、事件等)完全失败,根本未达到预期效果
◘ fall flat on your 'face
1. to fall so that you are lying on your front
• 趴倒在地
2. to fail completely, usually causing embarrassment
• (颜面丢尽地)彻底失败:
»His next television venture fell flat on its face.
他的下一个电视项目丢人现眼,彻底失败了。
◘ flat 'broke
(BrE also stony 'broke) (informal)
• completely broke
• 穷得一个子儿也没有；一贫如洗；穷得叮当响
◘ flat 'out
(informal)
1. as fast or as hard as possible
• 全速；全力以赴:
»Workers are working flat out to meet the rise in demand for new cars.
为满足对新轿车需求的增加,工人正全力以赴地工作。
2. (especially NAmE) in a definite and direct way; completely
• 直截了当；断然:
»I told him flat out 'No'.
我斩钉截铁地告诉他"不"。
»It's a 30-year mortgage we just flat out can't handle.
这是一宗我们根本无法处理的 30 年按揭贷款业务。
◘ in... 'flat
• (informal) used with an expression of time to say that sth happened or was done very quickly, in no more than the time stated
• (与表达时间的词语连用,表示发生或做得很快)才…,只用了…,整:
»They changed the wheel in three minutes flat (= in exactly three minutes).
他们仅用三分钟就换了轮胎。
◙ verb
(-tt-) [V]
• (AustralE, NZE) to live in or share a flat / apartment
• 住公寓；伙住公寓:
»My sister Zoe flats in Auckland.
我妹妹佐伊住在奥克兰的一栋公寓里。
sac∙red / ˈseikrid /
◙ adj.
1. connected with God or a god; considered to be holy
• 上帝的；神的；神圣的:
»a sacred image / shrine / temple
圣像/地 / 殿
»sacred music
圣乐
»Cows are sacred to Hindus.
印度教徒把牛奉为圣物。
2. very important and treated with great respect
• 受尊重的；受崇敬的
【SYN】 sacrosanct :
»Human life must always be sacred.
人的生命在任何时候都必须得到尊重。
»For journalists nothing is sacred (= they can write about anything).
在记者眼里,没有什么是不可冒犯的。
♦ sac∙red∙ness noun [U]
--› see also sanctity
god∙dess / ˈɡɔdes; -əs; NAmE ˈɡɑ:dəs /
◙ noun
1. a female god
• 女神:
»Diana, the goddess of hunting
狩猎女神狄安娜
2. a woman who is loved or admired very much by other people
• 极受崇敬(或敬慕)的女人:
»a screen goddess (= a female film / movie star)
银幕女神
mar∙ble / ˈmɑ:bl; NAme ˈmɑ:rbl /
◙ noun
1. [U] a type of hard stone that is usually white and often has coloured lines in it. It can be polished and is used in building and for making statues, etc.
• 大理石:
»a slab / block of marble
一块大理石板
»a marble floor / sculpture
大理石地板/雕刻
2. [C] a small ball of coloured glass that children roll along the ground in a game
• (玻璃)弹子
3. marbles [U] a game played with marbles
• 弹子游戏:
»Three boys were playing marbles.
三个男孩儿在玩弹子游戏。
4. marbles [pl.] (informal) a way of referring to sb's intelligence or mental ability
• 理智；智力:
»He's losing his marbles (= he's not behaving in a sensible way).
他失去理智了。
part∙ly / ˈpɑ:tli; NAme ˈpɑ:rt- /
◙ adv.
• to some extent; not completely
• 一定程度上；部份地:
»Some people are unwilling to attend the classes partly because of the cost involved.
有些人不愿来上课,部份原因是所需的费用问题。
»He was only partly responsible for the accident.
他对这次事故只负有部份责任。
ware∙house / ˈweəhaus; NAme ˈwerh- /
◙ noun
• a building where large quantities of goods are stored, especially before they are sent to shops / stores to be sold
• 仓库；货栈；货仓
gun∙pow∙der / ˈɡʌnpaudə(r) / (also pow∙der)
◙ noun [U]
• explosive powder used especially in bombs or fireworks
• 火药
fric∙tion / ˈfrikʃn /
◙ noun
1. [U] the action of one object or surface moving against another
• 摩擦:
»Friction between moving parts had caused the engine to overheat.
活动部件的摩擦使发动机过热。
2. [U] (physics 物) the resistance (= the force that stops sth moving) of one surface to another surface or substance moving over or through it
• 摩擦力:
»The force of friction slows the spacecraft down as it re-enters the earth's atmosphere.
航天飞机重返地球大气层时因有摩擦力而减慢速度。
3. [U, C] ~ (between A and B) disagreement or a lack of friendship among people who have different opinions about sth
• 争执；分歧；不和
【SYN】 tension :
»conflicts and frictions that have still to be resolved
仍有待解决的冲突和摩擦
au∙tono∙mous / ɔ:ˈtɔnəməs; NAmE ɔ:ˈtɑ:n- /
◙ adj.
1. (of a country, a region or an organization 国家、地区、组织) able to govern itself or control its own affairs
• 自治的；有自治权的
【SYN】 independent :
»an autonomous republic / state / province
自治共和国/州 / 省
2. (of a person 人) able to do things and make decisions without help from anyone else
• 自主的；有自主权的
♦ au∙tono∙mous∙ly adv.
clumsy / ˈklʌmzi /
◙ adj. (clum∙sier, clum∙si∙est)
1. (of people and animals 人和动物) moving or doing things in a very awkward way
• 笨拙的；不灵巧的:
»I spilt your coffee. Sorry—that was clumsy of me.
我弄洒了你的咖啡。对不起,我真是笨手笨脚的。
»His clumsy fingers couldn't untie the knot.
他的手很笨拙,无法解开这个结。
2. (of actions and statements 行动和陈述) done without skill or in a way that offends people
• 无技巧的；冒犯人的；不得体的:
»She made a clumsy attempt to apologize.
她本想道歉,但词语生硬。
3. (of objects 物体) difficult to move or use easily; not well designed
• 难以移动的；难用的；设计欠佳的
4. (of processes 程序) awkward; too complicated to understand or use easily
• 难处理的；复杂难懂的；使用不便的:
»The complaints procedure is clumsy and time-consuming.
申诉程序复杂耗时。
♦ clum∙si∙ly adv.
♦ clum∙si∙ness noun [U]
smog / smɔɡ; NAme smɑ:ɡ; smɔ:ɡ /
◙ noun [U, C]
• a form of air pollution that is or looks like a mixture of smoke and fog , especially in cities
• 烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物,尤见于城市):
»attempts to reduce smog caused by traffic fumes
旨在降低车辆尾气造成的烟雾的措施
ˌacid 'rain
◙ noun [U]
• rain that contains harmful chemicals from factory gases and that damages trees, crops and buildings
• 酸雨
ap∙point / əˈpɔint /
◙ verb
1. ~ sb (to sth) | ~ sb (as) sth to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility
• 任命；委任:
▪ [VN]
»They have appointed a new head teacher at my son's school.
我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。
»She has recently been appointed to the committee.
她最近获委为委员会成员。
▪ [VN-N]
»They appointed him (as) captain of the English team.
他们任命他为英格兰队队长。
▪ [VN to inf]
»A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.
一位律师被指定为这个孩子的代表律师。
2. [VN] [usually passive] (formal) to arrange or decide on a time or place for doing sth
• 安排,确定(时间、地点):
»A date for the meeting is still to be appointed.
会议日期尚待确定。
»Everyone was assembled at the appointed time.
全体人员均按规定时间召集到场。
heri∙tage / ˈheritidʒ /
◙ noun [usually sing.]
• the history, traditions and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character
• 遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色):
»Spain's rich cultural heritage
西班牙的丰富文化遗产
»The building is part of our national heritage.
这个建筑是我们民族遗产的一部份。
site / sait /
◙ noun
1. a place where a building, town, etc. was, is or will be located
• (建筑物、城镇等的)地点,位置,建筑工地:
»the site of a sixteenth century abbey
一座十六世纪的修道院的旧址
»to work on a building / construction site
在建筑工地工作
»A site has been chosen for the new school.
已为新学校选了校址。
»All the materials are on site so that work can start immediately.
所有材料都已运抵工地,可以立即开工。
--› note at place
2. a place where sth has happened or that is used for sth
• 现场；发生地；场所:
»the site of the battle
战场
»an archaeological site
考古现场
»a camping / caravan site
营地；旅行拖车停车点
3. (computing 计) a place on the Internet where a company, an organization, a university, etc. puts information
• 网站；站点
--› see also mirror site , website
◙ verb [VN +adv. / prep.]
• [often passive] to build or place sth in a particular position
• 使坐落在；为…选址:
»There was a meeting to discuss the siting of the new school.
已开会讨论了新学校的选址。
»The castle is magnificently sited high up on a cliff.
城堡坐落在高高的崖顶,十分壮观。
mend / mend /
◙ verb
1. [VN] (BrE) to repair sth that has been damaged or broken so that it can be used again
• 修理；修补:
»Could you mend my bike for me?
你能帮我修一下自行车吗？
--› see also fence-mending
2. [VN] to repair a hole in a piece of clothing, etc.
• 缝补；织补:
»He mended shoes for a living.
他靠修鞋为生。
3. [VN] to find a solution to a problem or disagreement
• 弥合(分歧)；解决(争端):
»They tried to mend their differences.
他们试图消除他们之间的分歧。
4. [V] (BrE, old-fashioned) (of a person 人) to improve in health after being ill / sick
• 痊瘉；恢复健康
【SYN】 recover :
»He's mending slowly after the operation.
手术后,他正在缓慢好转。
5. [V] (of a broken bone 骨折) to heal
• 瘉合；痊瘉【IDIOMS】
◘ mend (your) fences (with sb)
• to find a solution to a disagreement with sb
• 解决纷争；消除隔阂
◘ mend your 'ways
• to stop behaving badly
• 改过自新；改邪归正
--› more at say v.
◙ noun
◘ on the 'mend
(informal) getting better after an illness or injury; improving after a difficult situation
• 康复；好转；改善；改进:
»My leg is definitely on the mend now.
我的腿正在明显地好转。
»Does he believe the economy's really on the mend?
他相信经济确实在复苏吗？
steady / ˈstedi /
◙ adj. (stead∙ier, steadi∙est)
1. developing, growing, etc. gradually and in an even and regular way
• (发展、增长等)稳步的,持续的,匀速的
【SYN】 constant :
»five years of steady economic growth
经济持续五年的发展
»a steady decline in numbers
数量逐渐下降
»We are making slow but steady progress.
我们虽然缓慢但是在稳步前进。
»The castle receives a steady stream of visitors.
前来参观城堡的游客流量保持稳定。
2. not changing and not interrupted
• 稳定的；恒定的
【SYN】 regular :
»His breathing was steady.
他呼吸平稳。
»a steady job / income
稳定的工作/收入
»She drove at a steady 50 mph.
她以每小时 50 英里的稳定速度驾驶。
»They set off at a steady pace.
他们以不紧不慢的速度出发了。
»a steady boyfriend / girlfriend (= with whom you have a serious relationship or one that has lasted a long time)
关系稳定的男朋友/女朋友
»to have a steady relationship
有稳定的关系
3. firmly fixed, supported or balanced; not shaking or likely to fall down
• 稳的；平稳的；稳固的:
»He held the boat steady as she got in.
他把船稳住,让她上了船。
»I met his steady gaze.
我迎向他凝视的目光。
»Such fine work requires a good eye and a steady hand.
做这样精细的工作,眼要尖,手要稳。
【OPP】 unsteady
4. (of a person 人) sensible; who can be relied on
• 沉稳的；可靠的
♦ stead∙ily adv.:
»The company's exports have been increasing steadily.
公司的出口量一直稳步增长。
»The situation got steadily worse.
局势逐渐恶化。
»He looked at her steadily.
他凝视着她。
»The rain fell steadily.
雨不紧不慢地下着。
♦ steadi∙ness noun [U] 【IDIOMS】
◘ (as) steady as a 'rock
• extremely steady and calm; that you can rely on
• 十分可靠；稳如泰山；安如磐石
--› more at ready adj.
◙ verb (stead∙ies, steady∙ing, stead∙ied, stead∙ied)
1. ~ (yourself / sb / sth) to stop yourself / sb / sth from moving, shaking or falling; to stop moving, shaking or falling
• 使稳；使平稳；稳住:
▪ [VN]
»She steadied herself against the wall.
她靠墙站稳。
▪ [V]
»The lift rocked slightly, steadied, and the doors opened.
电梯微微一晃又稳了下来,接着门开了。
2. [V] to stop changing and become regular again
• 恢复平稳；稳定下来:
»Her heartbeat steadied.
她的心跳平稳下来。
»The pound steadied against the dollar.
英镑对美元的汇率稳定下来。
3. [VN] to make sb / sth calm
• 使平静；使冷静；使镇定:
»He took a few deep breaths to steady his nerves.
他深深地吸了几口气,让自己平静下来。
◙ adv.
• in a way that is steady and does not change or shake
• 稳定地；持续地；稳固地:
»In trading today the dollar held steady against the yen.
在今天的交易中,美元对日元的汇率保持稳定。
◘ go 'steady (with sb)
•(old-fashioned, informal) to have a romantic or sexual relationship with sb, in which you see the other person regularly
• (和情侣)关系稳定
◙ exclamation (informal)
1. ~ on (becoming old-fashioned) used to tell sb to be careful about what they are saying or doing, for example because it is extreme or not appropriate
• (要求对方注意言行)哎,注意点:
»Steady on! You can't say things like that about somebody you've never met.
注意点！你从没见过的人,不要这样议论人家。
2. used to tell sb to be careful
• (提醒对方小心)注意,当心,小心:
»Steady! Don't fall off.
小心！别摔下来。
as∙sess∙ment / əˈsesmənt /
◙ noun
1. [C] an opinion or a judgement about sb / sth that has been thought about very carefully
• 看法；评价
【SYN】 evaluation :
»a detailed assessment of the risks involved
对涉及的风险所作的详细判断
»his assessment of the situation
他对形势的看法
2. [U] the act of judging or forming an opinion about sb / sth
• 评定；核定；判定:
»written exams and other forms of assessment
笔试及其他形式的考核
»Objective assessment of the severity of the problem was difficult.
难以客观判定该问题的严重性。
--› see also continuous assessment
3. [C] an amount that has been calculated and that must be paid
• 核定的付款额:
»a tax assessment
税款核定额
fort∙night / ˈfɔ:tnait; NAmE ˈfɔ:rt- /
◙ noun [usually sing.]
• (BrE) two weeks
• 两星期:
»a fortnight's holiday
两周的假期
»a fortnight ago
两星期以前
»in a fortnight's time
在两周的时间内
»He's had seven accidents in the past fortnight.
在过去两周他出了三次事故。
in∙spir∙ation / ˌinspəˈreiʃn /
◙ noun
1. [U] ~ (to do sth) | ~ (for sth) the process that takes place when sb sees or hears sth that causes them to have exciting new ideas or makes them want to create sth, especially in art, music or literature
• 灵感:
»Dreams can be a rich source of inspiration for an artist.
梦境可以成为艺术家灵感的丰富源泉。
»Both poets drew their inspiration from the countryside.
两位诗人都是从乡村得到他们的灵感。
»Looking for inspiration for a new dessert? Try this recipe.
正在寻找制作新式甜食的灵感吗？试试这份食谱吧。
2. [C, usually sing.] ~ (for sth) a person or thing that is the reason why sb creates or does sth
• 启发灵感的人(或事物)；使人产生动机的人(或事物):
»He says my sister was the inspiration for his heroine.
他说我姐姐是他的女主人公的原型。
»Clark was the inspiration behind Saturday's victory.
克拉克是星期六的胜利的灵魂。
3. [C, usually sing.] ~ (to / for sb) a person or thing that makes you want to be better, more successful, etc.
• 鼓舞人心的人(或事物):
»Her charity work is an inspiration to us all.
她的慈善工作激励着我们大家。
4. [C, usually sing., U] a sudden good idea
• (突然想到的)好主意,妙计:
»He had an inspiration: he'd give her a dog for her birthday.
他突然想到一个好主意,他要送她一条狗作为生日礼物。
»It came to me in a flash of inspiration.
那是我灵机一动想到的。
di∙vorce / diˈvɔ:s; NAmE diˈvɔ:rs /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] the legal ending of a marriage
• 离婚:
»The marriage ended in divorce in 1996.
这桩婚姻在 1996 年以离婚告终。
»an increase in the divorce rate (= the number of divorces in a year)
离婚率的增长
»They have agreed to get a divorce.
他们已同意离婚。
»Divorce proceedings (= the legal process of divorce) started today.
今日已提起离婚诉讼。
--› compare separation (3)
2. [C, usually sing.] (formal) ~ (between A and B) a separation; the ending of a relationship between two things
• 分离；脱离:
»the divorce between religion and science
宗教与科学的分裂
◙ verb
1. to end your marriage to sb legally
• 与(某人)离婚；判(某人)离婚:
▪ [VN]
»They're getting divorced.
他们要离婚了。
»She's divorcing her husband.
她在与丈夫闹离婚。
▪ [V]
»I'd heard they're divorcing.
我听说他们要离婚了。
2. [VN] [often passive] (formal) ~ sb / sth from sth to separate a person, an idea, a subject, etc. from sth; to keep two things separate
• 使分离；使脱离:
»They believed that art should be divorced from politics.
他们认为艺术应该与政治分开。
»When he was depressed, he felt utterly divorced from reality.
他沮丧时便感到完全脱离了现实。
◙ di∙vorcé / diˌvɔ:ˈsei; NAmE diˌvɔ:rˈsei /
◙ noun
• (NAmE) a man whose marriage has been legally ended
• 离婚的男子
Cath∙olic / ˈkæθlik /
◙ noun
= Roman Catholic :
»They're Catholics.
他们是天主教徒。
♦ Cath∙oli∙cism / kəˈθɔləsizəm; NAmE -θɑ:lə- / noun [U] = Roman Catholicism at Roman Catholic
cath∙olic / ˈkæθlik /
◙ adj.
1. Catholic = Roman Catholic :
»Are they Catholic or Protestant?
他们是天主教徒还是新教徒？
»a Catholic church
天主教教堂
2. (often Catholic) (technical 术语) connected with all Christians or the whole Christian Church
• 全体基督教徒的；基督教会的
3. (formal) including many or most things
• 包罗万象的；广泛的:
»to have catholic tastes (= to like many different things)
爱好广泛的
af∙fair / əˈfeə(r); NAmE əˈfer /
◙ noun
›› PUBLIC / POLITICAL ACTIVITIES 公共/政治活动
1. affairs [pl.] events that are of public interest or political importance
• 公共事务；政治事务:
»world / international / business affairs
世界/国际/商业事务
»an expert on foreign affairs (= political events in other countries)
外事专家
»affairs of state
国务
--› see also current affairs
›› EVENT 事件
2. [C, usually sing.] an event that people are talking about or describing in a particular way
• 事件；事情:
»The newspapers exaggerated the whole affair wildly.
报章毫无根据地夸大了整个事件。
»The debate was a pretty disappointing affair.
那次辩论使人颇感失望。
»She wanted the celebration to be a simple family affair.
她希望庆祝活动仅限于家人参加。
›› RELATIONSHIP 关系
3. [C] a sexual relationship between two people, usually when one or both of them is married to sb else
• (尤指已婚男女的)私通,风流韵事:
»She is having an affair with her boss.
她跟老板有暧昧关系。
--› see also love affair
›› PRIVATE BUSINESS 私人业务
4. affairs [pl.] matters connected with a person's private business and financial situation
• 私人业务:
»I looked after my father's financial affairs.
我照管父亲的财务。
»She wanted to put her affairs in order before she died.
她想在去世前把自己的事务安排妥当。
5. [sing.] a thing that sb is responsible for (and that other people should not be concerned with)
• 个人的事
【SYN】 business :
»How I spend my money is my affair.
我如何用钱是我自己的事。
›› OBJECT 物品
6. [C] (old-fashioned) (with an adjective 与形容词连用) an object that is unusual or difficult to describe
• 不寻常之物；难描述的东西:
»Her hat was an amazing affair with feathers and a huge brim.
她的帽子嵌着羽毛,帽檐很宽,真是件奇物。 【IDIOMS】
--› see state n.
sen∙tence / ˈsentəns /
◙ noun
1. [C] (grammar 语法) a set of words expressing a statement, a question or an order, usually containing a subject and a verb. In written English sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop / period (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark / exclamation point (!).
• 句子
2. [C, U] the punishment given by a court
• 判决；宣判；判刑:
»a jail / prison sentence
判处监禁
»a light / heavy sentence
轻判；重判
»to be under sentence of death
被判处死刑
»The judge passed sentence (= said what the punishment would be).
法官宣布了判决。
»The prisoner has served (= completed) his sentence and will be released tomorrow.
犯人已服刑期满,明天将获释。
--› see also death sentence , life sentence
◙ verb [often passive]
• ~ sb (to sth) to say officially in court that sb is to receive a particular punishment
• 判决；宣判；判刑:
▪ [VN]
»to be sentenced to death / life imprisonment / three years in prison
被判死刑/终身监禁/三年徒刑
▪ [also VN to inf]
im∙per∙ial / imˈpiəriəl; NAme -ˈpir- /
◙ adj. [only before noun]
1. connected with an empire
• 帝国的；皇帝的:
»the imperial family / palace / army
皇室家族；皇宫；皇家陆军
»imperial power / expansion
皇权；帝国的扩张
2. connected with the system for measuring length, weight and volume using pounds, inches, etc.
• (度量衡)英制的
--› compare metric
pyra∙mid / ˈpirəmid /
◙ noun
1. a large building with a square or triangular base and sloping sides that meet in a point at the top. The ancient Egyptians built stone pyramids as places to bury their kings and queens.
• (古埃及的)金字塔
2. (geometry 几何) a solid shape with a square or triangular base and sloping sides that meet in a point at the top
• 锥体；棱锥体
3. an object or a pile of things that has the shape of a pyramid
• 金字塔形的物体(或一堆东西):
»a pyramid of cans in a shop window
商店橱窗中摆成金字塔形的罐头
4. an organization or a system in which there are fewer people at each level as you get near the top
• 金字塔式的组织(或系统):
»a management pyramid
金字塔式管理系统
♦ pyr∙am∙idal / ˈpirəmidl / adj.
royal / ˈrɔiəl /
◙ adj. [only before noun]
1. connected with or belonging to the king or queen of a country
• 国王的；女王的；皇家的；王室的:
»the royal family
王室
»the royal household
王室
--› compare regal
2. (abbr. R) used in the names of organizations that serve or are supported by a king or queen
• (用于服务于国王或女王或受其赞助的组织名称):
»the Royal navy
英国皇家海军
»the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
皇家鸟类保护协会
3. impressive; suitable for a king or queen
• 庄严的；盛大的；高贵的；适合国王(或女王)的
【SYN】 splendid :
»We were given a royal welcome.
我们受到了盛大的欢迎。
◙ noun [usually pl.]
• (informal) a member of a royal family
• 王室成员
pine / pain /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] (also 'pine tree) a tall forest tree with leaves like needles. Pine trees are evergreen and grow in cool northern countries.
• 松树:
»pine forests
松树林
»pine needles
松针
»a Scots pine
欧洲赤松
2. (also pine∙wood) [U] the pale soft wood of the pine tree, used in making furniture, etc.
• 松木:
»a pine table
松木桌子
◙ verb [V]
• to become very sad because sb has died or gone away
• (因死亡、离别) 难过,悲伤:
»She pined for months after he'd gone.
他死了以后,她难过了好几个月。 【PHR V】
◘ ˌpine a'way
• to become very sick and weak because you miss sb / sth very much
• (因思念等)病重虚弱,憔悴:
»After his wife died, he just pined away.
妻子死后,他日渐憔悴。
◘ 'pine for sb / sth
• to want or miss sb / sth very much
• 怀念；思念；渴望:
»She was pining for the mountains of her native country.
她对祖国的青山思念不已。
upper / ˈʌpə(r) /
◙ adj. [only before noun]
1. located above sth else, especially sth of the same type or the other of a pair
• 上边的,上面的,上层的(尤指同类或一对中的一个):
»the upper lip
上嘴唇
»the upper deck
上层甲板
2. at or near the top of sth
• 上部的；靠上部的:
»the upper arm
上臂
»the upper slopes of the mountain
靠近山顶的斜坡
»a member of the upper middle class
中上层社会的人
»salaries at the upper end of the pay scale
工资级别最高的薪金
»There is an upper limit of £20 000 spent on any six project.
任何项目都有一个 2 万英镑的经费上限。
3. (of a place 地方) located away from the coast, on high ground or towards the north of an area
• 内陆的；高地的；向北部的:
»the upper reaches of the river
河流的上游
【OPP】 lower 【IDIOMS】
◘ gain, get, have, etc. the ˌupper 'hand
• to get an advantage over sb so that you are in control of a particular situation
• 占上风；处于有利地位；有优势；有控制权
--› more at stiff adj.
◙ noun [usually pl.]
1. the top part of a shoe that is attached to the sole
• 鞋帮；靴面:
»shoes with leather uppers
皮鞋
2. (informal) a drug that makes you feel excited and full of energy
• 兴奋剂
--› compare downer (1)
◘ on your 'uppers
(BrE, informal)
• having very little money
• 手头拮据；困窘
dec∙or∙ation / ˌdekəˈreiʃn /
◙ noun
1. [C, usually pl.] a thing that makes sth look more attractive on special occasions
• 装饰品:
»Christmas decorations
圣诞节装饰品
»a table decoration
餐桌装饰物
2. [U, C] a pattern, etc. that is added to sth and that stops it from being plain
• 装饰图案:
»the elaborate decoration on the carved wooden door
木雕门上精美的装饰图案
3. [U] the style in which sth is decorated
• 装饰风格:
»a Chinese theme in the interior decoration
室内装饰的中国情调
4. [U] (BrE) the act or process of decorating sth such as the inside of a house by painting it, etc.
• (房屋内部的)装饰,装潢
5. [C] a medal that is given to sb as an honour
• 勳章；奖章
fra∙grant / ˈfreiɡrənt /
◙ adj.
• having a pleasant smell
• 香的；芳香的:
»fragrant herbs / flowers / oils
芳草；香花/油
»The air was fragrant with scents from the sea and the hills.
空气中荡漾着山和海的芬芳气息。
♦ fra∙grant∙ly adv.
brick / brik /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] baked clay used for building walls, houses and other buildings; an individual block of this
• 砖；砖块:
»The school is built of brick.
那所学校是用砖建造的。
»a pile of bricks
一摞砖
»a brick wall
砖墙
--› see also red-brick
2. [C] a plastic or wooden block, used as a toy for young children to build things with
• 积木
3. [C, usually sing.] (old-fashioned, BrE, informal) a friend that you can rely on when you need help
• 可靠的朋友【IDIOMS】
◘ be up against a brick 'wall
• to be unable to make any progress because there is a difficulty that stops you
• 遇到难以逾越的障碍
◘ bricks and 'mortar
• a building, when you are thinking of it in connection with how much it cost to build or how much it is worth
• 房产:
»They put their money into bricks and mortar.
他们把钱投资到了房产上。
◘ make bricks without 'straw
(BrE)
• to try to work without the necessary material, money, information, etc.
• 作无米之炊
--› more at cat n., drop v., head n., ton n.
◙ verb
【PHR V】
◘ ˌbrick sth∽'in / 'up
• to fill an opening in a wall with bricks
• 用砖堵住墙上的洞:
»The windows had been bricked up.
那些窗户用砖堵住了。
ci∙vil∙ian / səˈviliən /
◙ noun
• a person who is not a member of the armed forces or the police
• 平民；老百姓；庶民
♦ ci∙vil∙ian adj. [usually before noun] :
»He left the army and returned to civilian life.
他从军队退了役,重新过上平民百姓的生活。
--› compare military
ap∙par∙ent / əˈpærənt /
◙ adj.
1. [not usually before noun] ~ (from sth) (that...) | ~ (to sb) (that...) easy to see or understand
• 显而易见；明白易懂；显然
• SYN obvious :
»It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.
从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。
»Their devotion was apparent.
他们的忠诚显而易见。
»It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn't sing.
很快大家都明白他不会唱歌。
»Then, for no apparent reason, the train suddenly stopped.
接着,不知什么原因,火车突然停了下来。
--› note at clear
2. [usually before noun] that seems to be real or true but may not be
• 貌似的；表面上的；未必真实的
【SYN】 seeming :
»My parents were concerned at my apparent lack of enthusiasm for school.
我看来对上学不感兴趣,使父母担心。
--› see also appear (1)
regu∙la∙tion / ˌreɡjuˈleiʃn /
◙ noun
1. [C, usually pl.] an official rule made by a government or some other authority
• 章程；规章制度；规则；法规:
»too many rules and regulations
过多的规章制度
»fire / safety / building, etc. regulations
防火条例、安全规章、建筑法规等
»to comply with the regulations
遵守章程
»Under the new regulations spending on office equipment will be strictly controlled.
根据新的规定,办公设备开支将受到严格控制。
»the strict regulations governing the sale of weapons
关于武器销售的严格规定
2. [U] controlling sth by means of rules
• (运用规则条例的)管理,控制:
»the voluntary regulation of the press
新闻出版业的自律
◙ adj. [only before noun]
• that must be worn or used according to the official rules
• 规定的；必须穿戴的；必须使用的:
»in regulation uniform
穿着规定的制服
stress / stres /
◙ noun
›› MENTAL PRESSURE 精神压力
1. [U, C] pressure or worry caused by the problems in sb's life
• 精神压力；心理负担；紧张:
»Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
人在压力之下,办事情就容易出差错。
»to suffer from stress
有精神压力
»coping with stress
应对压力
»She failed to withstand the stresses and strains of public life.
她承受不了作为一个公众人物的生活压力和紧张。
»stress-related illnesses
与精神压力有关的疾病
»emotional / mental stress
感情/思想负担
»Stress is often a factor in the development of long-term sickness.
心理压力常常是形成长期病的一个因素。
»stress management (= dealing with stress)
对于压力的应对
--› note at pressure
›› PHYSICAL PRESSURE 物理压力
2. [U, C] ~ (on sth) pressure put on sth that can damage it or make it lose its shape
• 压力；应力:
»When you have an injury you start putting stress on other parts of your body.
一旦受伤,你便会让身体其他部位受力。
»a stress fracture of the foot (= six caused by such pressure)
足部应力性骨折
›› EMPHASIS 强调
3. [U] ~ (on sth) special importance given to sth
• 强调；重要性:
»She lays great stress on punctuality.
她十分注重守时。
»I think the company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality.
我认为公司对成本强调有余,而对质量重视不足。
›› ON WORD / SYLLABLE 单词；音节
4. [U, C] (phonetics 语音) an extra force used when pronouncing a particular word or syllable
• 重音；重读:
»We worked on pronunciation, stress and intonation.
我们学习了语音、重读和语调。
»primary / secondary stress
主/次重音
»In 'strategic' the stress falls on the second syllable.
* strategic 一词的重音在第二音节。
--› compare intonation (1)
›› IN MUSIC 音乐
5. [U, C] extra force used when making a particular sound in music
• 加强(音)
›› ILLNESS 疾病
6. [U] illness caused by difficult physical conditions
• 环境恶劣引起的疾病:
»Those most vulnerable to heat stress are the elderly.
上了年纪的人最容易因受热而生病。
◙ verb
›› EMPHASIZE 强调
1. to emphasize a fact, an idea, etc.
• 强调；着重:
▪ [VN]
»He stressed the importance of a good education.
他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。
▪ [V that]
»I must stress that everything I've told you is strictly confidential.
我必须强调,我告诉你的一切都要严加保密。
▪ [V speech]
»'There is,' Johnson stressed, 'no real alternative.'
约翰逊强调说:"别无真正能够替代的办法。"
▪ [VN that]
»It must be stressed that this disease is very rare.
必须着重指出,这种病非常罕见。
▪ [also V wh-]
›› WORD / SYLLABLE 单词；音节
2. [VN] to give extra force to a word or syllable when saying it
• 重读；用重音读:
»You stress the first syllable in 'happiness'.
* happiness 一词重读第一个音节。
3. ~ out | ~ sb (out) to become or make sb become too anxious or tired to be able to relax
• (使)焦虑不安,疲惫不堪:
▪ [V]
»I try not to stress out when things go wrong.
出问题时,我尽量不紧张。
▪ [VN]
»Driving in cities really stresses me (out).
在城市里开车让我真的很紧张。
regis∙ter / ˈredʒistə(r) /
◙ verb
›› PUT NAME ON LIST 登记姓名
1. ~ (at / for / with sth) | ~ sth (in sth) | ~ (sb) as sth to record your / sb's / sth's name on an official list
• 登记；注册:
▪ [VN]
»to register a birth / marriage / death
登记出生/结婚/死亡
»to register a company / trademark
注册公司/商标
»The ship was registered in Panama.
这艘船是在巴拿马注册的。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
»She is officially registered (as) disabled.
她正式登记为伤残者。
▪ [V]
»to register with a doctor
向医生登记
»to register at a hotel
在酒店登记
›› GIVE OPINION PUBLICLY 公开发表意见
2. [VN] (formal) to make your opinion known officially or publicly
• (正式地或公开地)发表意见,提出主张:
»China has registered a protest over foreign intervention.
中国对外国干涉正式提出了抗议。
›› ON MEASURING INSTRUMENT 测量仪器
3. if a measuring instrument registers an amount or sth registers an amount on a measuring instrument, the instrument shows or records that amount
• 显示(读数)；记录
▪ [V-N]
»The thermometer registered 32°C.
温度计显示读数为 32 摄氏度。
»The earthquake registered 3 on the Richter scale.
地震震级为里氏 3 级。
»The stock exchange has registered huge losses this week.
本周证券交易遭到重创。
▪ [also V]
›› SHOW FEELING 表达情感
4. [no passive] (formal) to show or express a feeling
• 流露出；显得；表达出:
▪ [VN]
»Her face registered disapproval.
她脸上流露出不赞同的神色。
▪ [V]
»Shock registered on everyone's face.
人人都面露震惊之色。
›› NOTICE STH 注意到
5. [no passive] (often used in negative sentences 常用于否定句) to notice sth and remember it; to be noticed
• 注意到；记住；受到注意:
▪ [VN]
»He barely registered our presence.
他几乎没有注意到我们在场。
▪ [V]
»I told her my name, but it obviously didn't register.
我把名字告诉了她,但她显然没有在意。
›› LETTER / PACKAGE 邮件
6. [VN] [usually passive] to send sth by mail, paying extra money to protect it against loss or damage
• 把…挂号邮寄:
»Can I register this, please?
请给我把这个挂号邮寄。
»a registered letter
挂号信
◙ noun
›› LIST OF NAMES 名单
1. [C] an official list or record of names, items, etc.; a book that contains such a list
• 登记表；注册簿；登记簿:
»a parish register (= of births, marriages and deaths)
教区登记簿
»to be on the electoral register / register of voters
成为登记在册的选民
»Could you sign the hotel register please, sir?
先生,请在酒店登记簿上签字好吗？
»(BrE) The teacher called the register (= checked who was present at school).
老师点了名。
›› OF VOICE / INSTRUMENT 嗓音；乐器
2. [C] the range, or part of a range, of a human voice or a musical instrument
• 声区；音区:
»in the upper / middle / lower register
在高/中 / 低声区
›› OF WRITING / SPEECH 书面语；口语
3. [C, U] (linguistics 语言) the level and style of a piece of writing or speech, that is usually appropriate to the situation that it is used in
• (适合特定场合使用的)语体风格,语域:
»The essay suddenly switches from a formal to an informal register.
这篇短文的语体风格突然从正式转为非正式。
›› FOR HOT / COLD AIR 冷/热空气
4. [C] (NAmE) an opening, with a cover that you can have open or shut, that allows hot or cold air from a heating or cooling system into a room
• (供暖或制冷设备的)调风口,节气门
--› compare vent n. (1)
›› MACHINE 机器
5. [C] (NAmE) = cash register
as∙sist∙ance / əˈsistəns /
◙ noun [U]
• ~ (with sth) | ~ (in doing sth / to do sth) (formal) help or support
• 帮助；援助；支持:
»technical / economic / military assistance
技术/经济/军事援助
»financial assistance for people on low incomes
给低收入者的经济援助
»Can I be of any assistance ?
我能帮上忙吗？
»Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance.
尽管他喊叫,却没有人来帮助他。
»She offered me practical assistance with my research.
她给我的研究提供了实实在在的援助。
»The company provides advice and assistance in finding work.
公司提供咨询并帮助找工作。
»He can walk only with the assistance of crutches.
他只能靠一副拐杖走路。
fra∙gile / ˈfrædʒail; NAmE -dʒl /
◙ adj.
1. easily broken or damaged
• 易碎的；易损的:
»fragile china / glass / bones
易碎的瓷器/玻璃制品/骨骼
2. weak and uncertain; easily destroyed or spoilt
• 不牢固的；脆弱的:
»a fragile alliance / ceasefire / relationship
不牢固的联盟；不确定的停火/关系
»The economy remains extremely fragile.
经济仍然极其脆弱。
3. delicate and often beautiful
• 纤巧的；精细的；纤巧美丽的:
»fragile beauty
纤美
»The woman's fragile face broke into a smile.
那面孔秀丽的女子粲然一笑。
4. not strong and likely to become ill / sick
• 虚弱的:
»Her father is now 86 and in fragile health.
她的父亲现在 86 岁,身体虚弱。 (BrE, informal)
»I'm feeling a bit fragile after last night (= not well, perhaps because of drinking too much alcohol).
昨夜以后我觉得身子有点发虚(可能是纵酒所致)。
♦ fra∙gil∙ity / frəˈdʒiləti / noun [U] :
»the fragility of the human body
人体的脆弱
stew∙ard / ˈstju:əd; NAme ˈstu:ərd /
◙ noun
1. a man whose job is to take care of passengers on a ship, an aircraft or a train and who brings them meals, etc.
• (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员,服务员
2. a person who helps to organize a large public event, for example a race, public meeting, etc.
• (比赛、集会等大型公众活动的)统筹人
【SYN】 marshal
3. a person whose job is to arrange for the supply of food to a college, club, etc.
• (大学、俱乐部等的)伙食管理员
--› see also shop steward
4. a person employed to manage another person's property, especially a large house or land
• (私人家中的)管家