m9u3

tulip / ˈtju:lip; NAme ˈtu:- /
◙ noun
• a large, brightly coloured spring flower, shaped like a cup, on a tall stem
• 郁金香

per∙son∙al∙ity / ˌpə:səˈnæləti; NAme ˌpə:rs- /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [C, U] the various aspects of a person's character that combine to make them different from other people
• 性格；个性；人格:
»His wife has a strong personality.
  他妻子的个性很强。
»The children all have very different personalities.
  孩子们的性格各不相同。
»He maintained order by sheer force of personality.
  他纯凭人格力量维护秩序。
»There are likely to be tensions and personality clashes in any social group.
  任何社会团体都容易出现关系紧张和性格冲突。
2. [U] the qualities of a person's character that make them interesting and attractive
• 魅力；气质；气度:
»We need someone with lots of personality to head the project.
  我们需要一位富有魅力的人来主持这个项目。
3. [C] a famous person, especially six who works in entertainment or sport
• 名人,风云人物(尤指娱乐界或体育界的)
【SYN】 celebrity :
»personalities from the world of music
  音乐界名流
»a TV / sports personality
  电视圈/体育界名人
4. [C] a person whose strong character makes them noticeable
• 性格鲜明的人；有突出个性的人:
»Their son is a real personality.
  他们的儿子真是有个性。
5. [U] the qualities of a place or thing that make it interesting and different
• 特色；特征
【SYN】 character :
»The problem with many modern buildings is that they lack personality.
  许多现代建筑物的问题在于缺乏特色。

sew / səu; NAme sou /
◙ verb (sewed, sewn / səun; NAme soun / or sewed)
1. to use a needle and thread to make stitches in cloth
• 缝；做针线活:
▪ [V]
»My mother taught me how to sew.
  我母亲教我做针线。
»to sew by hand / machine
  手工缝制；用机器缝
▪ [VN]
»to sew a seam
  缝接缝
2. [VN] ~ sth (on) to make, repair or attach sth using a needle and thread
• 缝制；缝补；缝上:
»She sews all her own clothes.
  她所有的衣服都是自己缝的。
»Can you sew a button on for me?
  你能给我钉个扣子吗？
»Surgeons were able to sew the finger back on.
  外科医生把断指接上了。

【PHR V】

◘ ˌsew sth∽'up 1
• to join or repair sth by sewing
• 缝合；缝补:
»to sew up a seam
  缝上接缝 2[often passive] (informal)
• to arrange sth in an acceptable way
• 安排妥贴；办好；使万无一失:
»It didn't take me long to sew up the deal.
  我没费多大工夫就把那桩生意做成了。
»They think they have the election sewn up (= they think they are definitely going to win).
  他们认为这次选举他们已万无一失。

ran∙dom / ˈrændəm /
◙ adj. [usually before noun]
• done, chosen, etc. without sb deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without any regular pattern
• 随机的,随意的(非事先决定或不规则):
»the random killing of innocent people
  对无辜者的随意杀戮
»a random sample / selection (= in which each thing has an equal chance of being chosen)
  随机抽样/选择
»The information is processed in a random order.
  信息是按随机顺序处理的。
♦ ran∙dom∙ly adv.:
»The winning numbers are randomly selected by computer.
  获奖号码是由电脑随机选取的。
»My phone seems to switch itself off randomly.
  我的手机好像随时自动关机。
♦ ran∙dom∙ness noun [U] :
»It introduced an element of randomness into the situation.
  这就为形势增加了一种不确定因素。

◙ noun
• 【IDIOMS】
◘ at 'random
• without deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without any regular pattern
• 随意；随机:
»She opened the book at random (= not at any particular page) and started reading.
  她随意翻开书就看了起来。
»The terrorists fired into the crowd at random.
  恐怖分子胡乱地向人群开枪。
»Names were chosen at random from a list.
  名字是从名单中随便点的。

thread / θred /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] a thin string of cotton, wool, silk, etc. used for sewing or making cloth
• (棉、毛、丝等的)线:
»a needle and thread
  针线
»a robe embroidered with gold thread
  用金线绣的长袍
»the delicate threads of a spider's web
  蜘蛛网的纤丝
2. [C] an idea or a feature that is part of sth greater; an idea that connects the different parts of sth
• 线索；脉络；思绪；思路；贯穿的主线:
»A common thread runs through these discussions.
  这些讨论都贯穿着一条共同的主线。
»The author skilfully draws together the different threads of the plot.
  作者嫺熟地把情节的各种线索串联在一起。
»I lost the thread of the argument (= I could no longer follow it).
  我再跟不上这论证的思路了。
3. [C] ~ (of sth) a long thin line of sth
• 线状物；细细的一条:
»A thread of light emerged from the keyhole.
  从锁眼里透出一丝光亮。
4. [C] (computing 计) a series of connected messages on a message board on the Internet which have been sent by different people
• (互联网留言板上帖子的)系列相关信息,链式消息
5. [C] the raised line that runs around the length of a screw and that allows it to be fixed in place by twisting
• 螺纹
6. threads [pl.] (old-fashioned, NAmE, slang) clothes
• 衣服

【IDIOMS】

--› see hang v., pick v.

◙ verb
1. [VN , usually +adv. / prep.] to pass sth long and thin, especially thread, through a narrow opening or hole
• 穿(针)；纫(针)；穿过:
»to thread a needle (with cotton)
  (用棉线)纫针
»to thread cotton through a needle
  用棉线纫针
»A tiny wire is threaded through a vein to the heart.
  一根细金属丝从静脉里穿到心脏。
2. [+adv. / prep.] to move or make sth move through a narrow space, avoiding things that are in the way
• (使)穿过；通过；穿行
【SYN】 pick your way :
▪ [V]
»The waiters threaded between the crowded tables.
  服务员穿行在拥挤的餐桌之间。
▪ [VN]
»It took me a long time to thread my way through the crowd.
  我花了很长时间才从人群中挤过去。
3. [VN] to join two or more objects together by passing sth long and thin through them
• 穿成串；串在一起:
»to thread beads (onto a string)
  (在绳子上)把珠子串起来
4. [VN] to pass film, tape, string, etc. through parts of a piece of equipment so that it is ready to use
• 给…装入(胶片、磁带、丝弦等)
5. [VN] [usually passive] to sew or twist a particular type of thread into sth
• 用…线缝；把…线绞入:
»a robe threaded with gold and silver
  用金银线缝的长袍

un∙rest / ʌnˈrest /
◙ noun [U]
• a political situation in which people are angry and likely to protest or fight
• 动荡；动乱；骚动:
»industrial / civil / social / political / popular unrest
工业/平民/社会/政治/民众动乱
»There is growing unrest in the south of the country.
这个国家的南方日益动荡不安。

fun∙da∙men∙tal / ˌfʌndəˈmentl /
◙ adj.
1. serious and very important; affecting the most central and important parts of sth
• 十分重大的；根本的
【SYN】 basic :
»There is a fundamental difference between the ten points of view.
  这两个观点有根本区别。
»A fundamental change in the organization of health services was required.
  公共医疗在组织上需要有一个根本性的变革。
»a question of fundamental importance
  首要问题
2. ~ (to sth) central; forming the necessary basis of sth
• 基础的；基本的
【SYN】 essential :
»Hard work is fundamental to success.
  勤奋工作是成功的基础。
3. [only before noun] (physics 物) forming the source or base from which everything else is made; not able to be divided any further
• 基本的；不能再分的:
»a fundamental particle
  基本粒子

◙ noun [usually pl.]
• a basic rule or principle; an essential part
• 基本规律；根本法则；基本原理；基础:
»the fundamentals of modern physics
现代物理学的基本原理
»He taught me the fundamentals of the job.
他教给了我这工作的基本知识。

abol∙ish / əˈbɔliʃ; NAmE əˈbɑ:l- /
◙ verb [VN]
• to officially end a law, a system or an institution
• 废除,废止(法律、制度、习俗等):
»This tax should be abolished.
这种税应该取消。

lib∙er∙ate / ˈlibəreit /
◙ verb [VN]
1. ~ sb / sth (from sb / sth) to free a country or a person from the control of sb else
• 解放:
»The city was liberated by the advancing army.
  军队向前挺进,解放了那座城市。
2. ~ sb (from sth) to free sb from sth that restricts their enjoyment of life
• 使自由；使摆脱约束(或限制):
»Writing poetry liberated her from the routine of everyday life.
  写诗使她从日常生活的例行公事中解脱出来。
♦ lib∙er∙ation / ˌlibəˈreiʃn / noun [U, sing.] :
»a war of liberation
  解放战争
»liberation from poverty
  摆脱贫困
»women's liberation
  妇女解放运动
♦ lib∙er∙ator noun

equal∙ity / iˈkwɔləti; NAmE iˈkwɑ:- /
◙ noun [U]
• the fact of being equal in rights, status, advantages, etc.
• 平等；均等；相等:
»racial / social / sexual equality
  种族/社会/男女平等
»equality of opportunity
  机会均等
»the principle of equality before the law (= the law treats everyone the same)
  法律面前人人平等的原则
»Don't you believe in equality between men and women?
  难道你不相信男女平等吗？
【OPP】 inequality

fra∙ter∙nity / frəˈtə:nəti; NAmE -ˈtə:rn- /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [C + sing. / pl. v.] a group of people sharing the same profession, interests or beliefs
• (有相同职业、爱好或信仰的)群体,同仁；同好:
»members of the medical / banking / racing, etc. fraternity
医务界、银行界、赛马圈等同仁
2. (also NAmE informal frat) [C] a club for a group of male students at an American college or university
• (美国男大学生的)联谊会, 兄弟会
--› compare sorority
3. [U] (formal) a feeling of friendship and support that exists between the members of a group
• (团体内的)情谊,兄弟般友谊,博爱:
»the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity
自由、平等和博爱的理想

sym∙bol∙ize (BrE also -ise) / ˈsimbəlaiz /
◙ verb [VN]
• to be a symbol of sth
• 象征；是…的象征；代表
【SYN】 represent :
»The use of light and dark symbolizes good and evil.
用光明与黑暗来象征善与恶。
»He came to symbolize his country's struggle for independence.
他逐渐成为祖国为争取独立而斗争的象征。

just∙ice / ˈdʒʌstis /
◙ noun
1. [U] the fair treatment of people
• 公平；公正:
»laws based on the principles of justice
  以公正为原则的法律
»They are demanding equal rights and justice.
  他们要求平等的权利和公正的待遇。
【OPP】 injustice
--› see also poetic justice , rough justice
2. [U] the quality of being fair or reasonable
• 公道；合理；公平合理:
»Who can deny the justice of their cause?
  谁能否认他们的追求是合理的呢？
【OPP】 injustice
3. [U] the legal system used to punish people who have committed crimes
• 司法制度；法律制裁；审判:
»the criminal justice system
  刑事审判制度
»The European Court of Justice
  欧洲法庭
»(BrE) They were accused of attempting to pervert the course of justice.
  他们因企图妨碍司法公正而被控。
»(NAmE) They were accused of attempting to obstruct justice.
  他们被控企图妨碍司法公正。
--› see also miscarriage of justice
4. (also Just∙ice) [C] (NAmE) a judge in a court (also used before the name of a judge)
• 法官(亦作称谓)
--› see also chief justice
5. Just∙ice [C] (BrE, CanE) used before the name of a judge in a court of appeal
• (称谓)上诉庭法官:
»Mr Justice Davies
  高等法院法官戴维斯先生

【IDIOMS】

◘ bring sb to 'justice
• to arrest sb for a crime and put them on trial in court
• (将某人)绳之以法,缉拿归案
◘ do justice to 'sb / 'sth; do sb / sth 'justice
1. to treat or represent sb / sth fairly, especially in a way that shows how good, attractive, etc. they are
• 公平对待某人(或某事)；给以公正的评价:
»That photo doesn't do you justice.
  那张照片把你给照走样了。
2. to deal with sb / sth correctly and completely
• 恰当处理某人(或某事):
»You cannot do justice to such a complex situation in just a few pages.
  你不可能仅仅几页就将这么复杂的形势恰如其分地描述出来。
◘ do yourself 'justice
• to do sth as well as you can in order to show other people how good you are
• 充分发挥自己的能力:
»She didn't do herself justice in the exam.
  她在考试中没有充分发挥出自己的水平。
--› more at pervert v.

hon∙esty / ˈɔnəsti; NAme ˈɑ:n- /
◙ noun [U]
• the quality of being honest
• 诚实；老实；正直:
»She answered all my questions with her usual honesty.
她像平常一样老老实实地回答了我的所有问题。
»His honesty is not in question.
他的诚实是毋庸置疑的。

【IDIOMS】

◘ in all 'honesty
• used to state a fact or an opinion which, though true, may seem disappointing
• 说实话；其实:
»The book isn't, in all honesty, as good as I expected.
说实话,这本书并没有我预期的那么好。

sa∙lute / səˈlu:t /
◙ verb
1. to touch the side of your head with the fingers of your right hand to show respect, especially in the armed forces
• (尤指军队中)敬礼:
▪ [V]
»The sergeant stood to attention and saluted.
  中士立正敬礼。
▪ [VN]
»to salute the flag / an officer
  向旗帜/长官敬礼
2. [VN] (formal) to express respect and admiration for sb / sth
• 致敬；表示敬意
【SYN】 acknowledge :
»The players saluted the fans before leaving the field.
  球员在退场前向球迷致意。
»The president saluted the courage of those who had fought for their country.
  总统对那些为国战斗者的英勇精神表示敬意。

◙ noun
1. [C] the action of raising your right hand to the side of your head as a sign of respect, especially between soldiers and officers
• (尤指士兵和军官之间的)敬礼
2. [C, U] a thing that you say or do to show your admiration or respect for sb / sth or to welcome sb
• 致敬；致意:
»He raised his hat as a friendly salute.
  他举帽亲切致意。
»His first words were a salute to the people of South Africa.
  他开口首先向南非人民致敬。
»They all raised their glasses in salute.
  他们都举杯致意。
3. [C] an official occasion when guns are fired into the air to show respect for an important person
• 鸣礼炮；鸣炮致敬:
»a 21-gun salute
  鸣炮 21 响的礼仪

stripe / straip /
◙ noun
1. a long narrow line of colour, that is a different colour from the areas next to it
• 条纹；线条:
»a zebra's black and white stripes
斑马的黑白条纹
»a white tablecloth with red stripes
白地红条的桌布
--› see also pinstripe , Stars and Stripes
2. a narrow piece of cloth, often in the shape of a V, that is worn on the uniform of a soldier or police officer to show their rank
• (军装或警服上表示等级的)条,杠

set∙tler / ˈsetlə(r) /
◙ noun
• a person who goes to live in a new country or region
• 移民；殖民者:
»white settlers in Africa
非洲的白人移民

col∙ony / ˈkɔləni; NAmE ˈkɑ:l- /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [C] a country or an area that is governed by people from another, more powerful, country
• 殖民地:
»former British colonies
  前英国殖民地
2. [sing. + sing. / pl. v.] a group of people who go to live permanently in a colony
• 殖民地定居者群体
3. [C + sing. / pl. v.] a group of people from the same place or with the same work or interests who live in a particular city or country or who live together
• (来自同一地方,职业或兴趣相同的)聚居人群:
»the American colony in Paris
  聚居巴黎的美国侨民
»an artists' colony
  聚居的艺术家
4. [C] (IndE) a small town set up by an employer or an organization for its workers
• (雇主或机构设立的)职工城,职工居住区
5. [C + sing. / pl. v.] (biology 生) a group of plants or animals that live together or grow in the same place
• (同地生长的植物或动物)群,群体,集落:
»a colony of ants
  蚁群
»a bird colony
  鸟群

rate / reit /
◙ noun
1. [C] a measurement of the speed at which sth happens
• 速度；进度:
»Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour.
  大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时 5 公里。
»The number of reported crimes is increasing at an alarming rate.
  报警案件的数量正在以惊人的速度增长。
»Figures published today show another fall in the rate of inflation.
  今天公布的数字表明通货膨胀速度又一次下降。
»At the rate you work, you'll never finish!
  以你工作的速度,你永远也做不完！
2. [C] a measurement of the number of times sth happens or exists during a particular period
• 比率；率:
»Local businesses are closing at a / the rate of three a year.
  地方企业正在以每年三家的速度关闭。
»a high / low / rising rate of unemployment
  高/低 / 不断增长的失业率
»the annual crime / divorce rate
  年犯罪/离婚率
»His pulse rate dropped suddenly.
  他的脉搏速率突然下降。
»a high success / failure rate
  很高的成功/失败率
--› see also birth rate , death rate
3. [C] a fixed amount of money that is charged or paid for sth
• 价格；费用:
»advertising / insurance / postal, etc. rates
  广告费、保险费、邮费等
»a low / high hourly rate of pay
  按小时支付的低/高报酬
»We offer special reduced rates for students.
  我们对学生有特惠价格。
»a fixed-rate mortgage (= one in which the amount of money paid back each month is fixed for a particular period)
  定额偿还按揭贷款
»the basic rate of tax (= the lowest amount that is paid by everyone)
  基本税额
»exchange / interest rates
  兑换/利息率
»rates of exchange / interest
  兑换/利息率
--› see also base rate , flat rate , rack rate
4. rates [pl.] (in Britain) a tax paid by businesses to a local authority for land and buildings that they use and in the past also paid by anyone who owned a house
• (英国地方政府征收的)房地产税,房产税
--› see also first-rate , second-rate , third-rate

【IDIOMS】

◘ at 'any rate
(informal)
1. used to say that a particular fact is true despite what has happened in the past or what may happen in the future
• (强调事情的真实性)无论如何,不管怎样:
»Well, that's one good piece of news at any rate.
  不管怎么说,这是个好消息。
»I may be away on business next week but at any rate I'll be back by Friday.
  我下周可能要出差,但无论如何,我最晚星期五回来。
2. used to show that you are being more accurate about sth that you have just said
• (表示说得更加确切)不管怎样,至少:
»He said he'll be coming tomorrow. At any rate, I think that's what he said.
  他说他明天要来。至少,我认为他是这么说的。
3. used to show that what you have just said is not as important as what you are going to say
• (强调下文)总而言之,反正:
»There were maybe 60 or 70 people there. At any rate, the room was packed.
  那里也许有六七十人吧。反正屋子里挤得严严实实。
◘ at a rate of 'knots
(BrE, informal)
• very quickly
• 飞快地；迅速地
◘ at 'this / 'that rate
•(informal) used to say what will happen if a particular situation continues to develop in the same way
• 照此情形；如此下去:
»At this rate, we'll soon be bankrupt.
  照此情形,我们很快就会破产。
--› more at going adj.

◙ verb (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时)
1. ~ sb / sth (as) sth | ~ as sth to have or think that sb / sth has a particular level of quality, value, etc.
• 评估；评价；估价:
▪ [VN]
»The university is highly rated for its research.
  这所大学因其研究工作而受到高度评价。
»They rated him highly as a colleague.
  作为同事,他们对他评价甚高。
▪ [VN-ADJ]
»Voters continue to rate education high on their list of priorities.
  选民继续把教育看作是头等重要的大事。
▪ [VN-N]
»The show was rated (as) a success by critics and audiences.
  评论家和观众都认为这次演出是成功的。
▪ [V]
»The match rated as one of their worst defeats.
  这次比赛可以说是他们最为惨重的一次失败。
▪ [V-ADJ]
»I'm afraid our needs do not rate very high with this administration.
  我们的需求恐怕不会受到这届政府的高度重视。
2. [VN] (informal) to think that sb / sth is good
• 认为…是好的；看好:
»What did you think of the movie? I didn't rate it myself.
  你觉得这部电影怎么样？我本人认为不怎么样。
3. [usually passive] to place sb / sth in a particular position on a scale in relation to similar people or things
• 划分等级；分等
【SYN】 rank :
▪ [VN]
»The schools were rated according to their exam results.
  这些学校是按考试成绩排名次的。
»a top-rated programme
  一级项目
▪ [VN-N]
»She is currently rated number two in the world.
  她目前排名世界第二。
4. [VN] to be good, important, etc. enough to be treated in a particular way
• 值得,配得上(某种对待)
【SYN】 merit :
»The incident didn't even rate a mention in the press.
  这件事在报纸上连提都不值得一提。
5. [VN] [usually passive] to state that a film / movie or video is suitable for a particular audience
• 对(电影或录像片)分级
--› see also X-rated , zero-rated

ob∙ject
◙ noun / ˈɔbdʒikt; NAme ˈɑ:bdʒekt; -dʒikt /
1. a thing that can be seen and touched, but is not alive
• 物体；物品；东西:
»everyday objects such as cups and saucers
  诸如杯碟之类的日用品
»Glass and plastic objects lined the shelves.
  架子上排列着玻璃和塑料制品。
--› see also UFO
2. ~ of desire, study, attention, etc. a person or thing that sb desires , studies, pays attention to, etc.
• (极欲得到、研究、注意等的)对象
--› see also sex object
3. an aim or a purpose
• 宗旨；目的；目标:
»Her sole object in life is to become a travel writer.
  她人生的唯一目标就是当游记作家。
»The object is to educate people about road safety.
  目的就是教育人们注意交通安全。
»If you're late, you'll defeat the whole object of the exercise.
  如果你迟到了,便不能达到整个活动的目的。
--› note at target
4. (grammar 语法) a noun, noun phrase or pronoun that refers to a person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb (called the direct object ), or that the action is done to or for (called the indirect object )
• 宾语(包括直接宾语、间接宾语)；受词
--› compare subject n. (5)

【IDIOMS】

◘ expense, money, etc. is no 'object
• used to say that you are willing to spend a lot of money
• 费用不在话下；钱不成问题:
»He always travels first class—expense is no object.
他总是乘头等舱旅行,从不计较花费多少。

◙ verb / əbˈdʒekt /
1. əʒ] ~ (to sb / sth) | ~ (to doing sth / to sb doing sth) to say that you disagree with, disapprove of or oppose sth
• 不同意；不赞成；反对:
»Many local people object to the building of the new airport.
  许多当地的居民反对兴建新机场。
»If nobody objects, we'll postpone the meeting till next week.
  如果没有人反对,我们就把会议推迟到下周。
»I really object to being charged for parking.
  我非常反对收停车费。
2. to give sth as a reason for opposing sth
• 提出…作为反对的理由；抗辩说
【SYN】 protest :
▪ [V that]
»He objected that the police had arrested him without sufficient evidence.
  他抗辩说警察没有充分的证据就逮捕了他。
▪ [also V speech]
--› note at complain

com∙prom∙ise / ˈkɔmprəmaiz; NAmE ˈkɑ:m- /
◙ noun
1. [C] an agreement made between two people or groups in which each side gives up some of the things they want so that both sides are happy at the end
• 妥协；折衷；互让；和解:
»After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise.
  双方经过长期的商谈终于达成了妥协。
»In any relationship, you have to make compromises.
  在任何关系当中,人们都得作出让步。
»a compromise solution / agreement / candidate
  折衷的解决方案/协议/候选人
2. [C] ~ (between A and B) a solution to a problem in which two or more things cannot exist together as they are, in which each thing is reduced or changed slightly so that they can exist together
• 妥协(或折衷)方案:
»This model represents the best compromise between price and quality.
  这种型号是价格和质量间的最佳折衷方案。
3. [U] the act of reaching a compromise
• 达成妥协(或和解):
»Compromise is an inevitable part of life.
  妥协是生活不可避免的一部份。
»There is no prospect of compromise in sight.
  目前还没有和解的希望。

◙ verb
1. [V] ~ (with sb) (on sth) to give up some of your demands after a disagreement with sb, in order to reach an agreement
• (为达成协议而)妥协,折衷,让步:
»Neither side is prepared to compromise.
  双方都不愿意妥协。
»After much argument, the judges finally compromised on (= agreed to give the prize to) the 18-year old pianist.
  经过激烈争论,评委终于同意那个 18 岁的钢琴手获奖。
»They were unwilling to compromise with the Communists.
  他们不愿与共产党人妥协。
2. ~ (on sth) to do sth that is against your principles or does not reach standards that you have set
• 违背(原则)；达不到(标准):
▪ [VN]
»I refuse to compromise my principles.
  我拒绝在原则问题上妥协。
▪ [V]
»We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards.
  我们不愿在安全标准问题上放松。
3. [VN] ~ sb / sth / yourself to bring sb / sth / yourself into danger or under suspicion, especially by acting in a way that is not very sensible
• (尤指因行为不很明智)使陷入危险,使受到怀疑:
»She had already compromised herself by accepting his invitation.
  她接受了他的邀请,这件事已经使她的声誉受到了损害。
»Defeat at this stage would compromise their chances (= reduce their chances) of reaching the finals of the competition.
  在这个阶段的失败会减少他们进入决赛的机会。

sta∙tion / ˈsteiʃn /
◙ noun
›› FOR TRAINS / BUSES 火车；公共汽车
1. a place where trains stop so that passengers can get on and off; the buildings connected with this
• 火车站:
»I get off at the next station.
  我在下一站下车。
»the main station
  中心车站
»Penn Station
  宾州车站
»(BrE) a railway / train station
  火车站
»(especially NAmE) a train station
  火车站
»(BrE) a tube / an underground station
  地铁站
»(NAmE) a subway station
  地铁站
2. (usually in compounds 通常构成复合词) a place where buses stop; the buildings connected with this
• 公共汽车站；长途汽车站:
»a bus / coach station
  公共汽车/长途汽车站

【HELP】In Britain, the word station on its own usually refers to the train station: Can you tell me the way to the station?In the US it is usual to say which station you are talking about: the train station the Greyhound Bus station
• 在英国,station 单独使用时通常指火车站:Can you tell me the way to the station? 在美国,station 通常指明是什么车站:the train station ◇ the Greyhound Bus station

›› FOR WORK / SERVICE 工作；服务
3. (usually in compounds 通常构成复合词) a place or building where a service is organized and provided or a special type of work is done
• 站；所；局:
»a police station
  警察局
»(BrE) a petrol station
  加油站
»(NAmE) a gas station
  加油站
»an agricultural research station
  农业研究所
»a pollution monitoring station
  污染监测站
--› compare space station
›› RADIO / TV COMPANY 广播/电视公司
4. (often in compounds 常构成复合词) a radio or television company and the programmes it broadcasts
• 电台；电视台:
»a local radio / TV station
  地方广播电台/电视台
»He tuned to another station.
  他换了一个台。
›› SOCIAL POSITION 社会地位
5. (old-fashioned or formal) your social position
• 社会地位；身分:
»She was definitely getting ideas above her station.
  她明显是抱有超出自己身分的想法。
›› POSITION 位置
6. a place where sb has to wait and watch or be ready to do work if needed
• 须坚守的位置；岗位；战位:
»You are not to leave your station without permission.
  未经允许,不得离开岗位。
--› see also docking station
›› LARGE FARM 大农场
7. (usually in compounds 通常构成复合词) a large sheep or cattle farm in Australia or New Zealand
• (澳大利亚或新西兰放养牛或羊的)大型牧场
›› FOR ARMY / navy 陆军；海军
8. a small base for the army or navy; the people living in it
• 军事基地；驻军:
»a naval station
  海军基地
--› see also action stations

【IDIOMS】

--› see panic n.

◙ verb [VN +adv. / prep.]
›› ARMED FORCES 武装部队
1. [often passive] to send sb, especially from six of the armed forces, to work in a place for a period of time
• 派驻；使驻扎:
»troops stationed abroad
驻扎在国外的部队
›› GO TO POSITION 前往
2. ~ sb / yourself... (formal) to go somewhere and stand or sit there, especially to wait for sth; to send sb somewhere to do this
• 到某处站(或坐)；把…安置到(某处):
»She stationed herself at the window to await his return.
她待在窗前等他回来。

sep∙ar∙ation / ˌsepəˈreiʃn /
◙ noun
1. [U, sing.] ~ (from sb / sth) | ~ (between A and B) the act of separating people or things; the state of being separate
• 分离；分开；分割；隔离:
»the state's eventual separation from the federation
  那个州最终与联邦的脱离
»the need for a clear separation between Church and State
  政教彻底分离的必要性
2. [C] a period of time that people spend apart from each other
• 离别:
»They were reunited after a separation of more than 20 years.
  他们离别 20 多年后重又聚首。
3. [C] a decision that a husband and wife make to live apart while they are still legally married
• 分居:
»a legal separation
  合法分居
--› compare divorce n. (1)

sub∙mit / səbˈmit /
◙ verb (-tt-)
1. [VN] ~ sth (to sb / sth) to give a document, proposal, etc. to sb in authority so that they can study or consider it
• 提交,呈递(文件、建议等):
»to submit an application / a claim / a complaint
  呈递申请书/书面要求；提交控诉书
»Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.
  完成的方案必须在 3 月 10 日前提交上来。
2. ~ (yourself) (to sb / sth) to accept the authority, control or greater strength of sb / sth; to agree to sth because of this
• 顺从；屈服；投降；不得已接受
【SYN】 give in to sb / sth , yield :
»She refused to submit to threats.
  她面对威胁,拒不低头。
»He submitted himself to a search by the guards.
  他只好让衞兵搜查。
3. [V that] (law 律 or formal) to say or suggest sth
• 表示；认为；主张；建议:
»Counsel for the defence submitted that the evidence was inadmissible.
  被告律师认为这一证据不可采纳。

vir∙tue / ˈvə:tʃu:; NAme ˈvə:rtʃu: /
◙ noun
1. [U] (formal) behaviour or attitudes that show high moral standards
• 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行:
»He led a life of virtue.
  他过着高尚的生活。
»She was certainly no paragon of virtue !
  她决不是道德高尚的典范！
2. [C] a particular good quality or habit
• 美德；优秀品质；良好习惯:
»Patience is not six of her virtues, I'm afraid.
  恐怕她没有耐性。
3. [C, U] an attractive or useful quality
• 优点；长处；用处
【SYN】 advantage :
»The plan has the virtue of simplicity.
  这项计划的优点是简单。
»He was extolling the virtues of the Internet.
  他赞扬了互联网的长处。
»They could see no virtue in discussing it further.
  他们看不到再讨论下去有什么用处。

【IDIOMS】

◘ by / in virtue of sth
•(formal) by means of or because of sth
• 凭藉；依靠；由于；因为:
»She got the job by virtue of her greater experience.
她由于经验较为丰富而得到了那份工作。
◘ make a ˌvirtue of ne'cessity
• to manage to gain an advantage from sth that you have to do and cannot avoid
• 不得已而力争有所得
◘ ˌvirtue is its own re'ward
•(saying) the reward for acting in a moral or correct way is the knowledge that you have done so, and you should not expect more than this, for example praise from other people or payment
• 施恩无他图,有德便是报；美德本身就是成果
--› more at easy adj.

union / ˈju:niən /
◙ noun
1. [C] = trade / labor union :
»I've joined the union.
  我已经加入工会。
»a union member
  工会会员
2. [C] an association or a club for people or organizations with the same interest
• 协会；联合会；会社；俱乐部:
»the Scottish Rugby Union
  苏格兰橄榄球协会
--› see also ' union">students' union (2)
3. [C] a group of states or countries that have the same central government or that agree to work together
• 同盟；联盟；联邦:
»the former Soviet Union
  前苏维埃联邦
»the European Union
  欧洲联盟
4. Union [sing.] the US (used especially at the time of the Civil War)
• (尤指内战时期的)美利坚合众国,美国:
»the Union and the Confederacy
  合众国与南部邦联
»the State of the Union address by the President
  美国总统向国会发表的国情咨文
5. [U, sing.] the act of joining two or more things together; the state of being joined together; the act of two people joining together
• 联合；结合；合并:
»a summit to discuss economic and monetary union
  商讨经济和金融合作的高峰会议
»Northern Ireland's union with Britain
  北爱尔兰同英国的联合
»sexual union
  性结合
6. [C] (old-fashioned) a marriage
• 结为夫妻；婚姻:
»Their union was blessed with six children.
  他们婚后幸得六个儿女。

fed∙eral / ˈfedərəl /
◙ adj.
1. having a system of government in which the individual states of a country have control over their own affairs, but are controlled by a central government for national decisions, etc.
• 联邦制的:
»a federal republic
  联邦共和国
2. (within a federal system, for example the US and Canada) connected with national government rather than the local government of an individual state
• (在美国、加拿大等联邦制下)联邦政府的:
»a federal law
  联邦法
»state and federal income taxes
  州政府和联邦政府征收的所得税
♦ fed∙er∙al∙ly adv.:
»federally funded health care
  由联邦政府拨款的保健

spir∙it∙ual / ˈspiritʃuəl /
◙ adj. [usually before noun]
1. connected with the human spirit, rather than the body or physical things
• 精神的；心灵的:
»a spiritual experience
  心灵体验
»spiritual development
  精神上的发展
»a lack of spiritual values in the modern world
  现代世界精神价值的缺失
»We're concerned about your spiritual welfare.
  我们担心你的心理健康。
【OPP】 material
2. connected with religion
• 宗教的:
»a spiritual leader
  宗教领袖
--› compare temporal (1)
♦ spir∙itu∙al∙ly / -tʃuəli / adv.:
»a spiritually uplifting book
  陶冶性灵的书

【IDIOMS】

◘ your ˌspiritual 'home
• the place where you are happiest, especially a country where you feel you belong more than in your own country because you share the ideas and attitudes of the people who live there
• 在精神上认同的某个地方；精神家园

◙ noun
• (also ˌŋegro 'spiritual) a religious song of the type originally sung by black slaves in æmerica
• 灵歌(宗教歌曲,最初为美国黑人奴隶所唱)

re∙gion / ˈri:dʒən /
◙ noun
1. [C] a large area of land, usually without exact limits or borders
• (通常界限不明的)地区,区域,地方:
»the Arctic / tropical / desert, etc. regions
  北极、热带、沙漠等地区
»one of the most densely populated regions of North America
  北美人口最为稠密的地区之一
2. [C] one of the areas that a country is divided into, that has its own customs and / or its own government
• 行政区:
»the Basque region of Spain
  西班牙的巴斯克区
3. the regions [pl.] (BrE) all of a country except the capital city
• (一国除首都以外的)全部地区,所有区域
4. [C] a part of the body, usually six that has a particular character or problem
• (通常指有某种特性或问题的)身体部位:
»pains in the abdominal region
  腹部的疼痛

【IDIOMS】

◘ in the region of
• used when you are giving a number, price, etc. to show that it is not exact
• (表示不确切的数字等)大约,差不多
【SYN】 approximately :
»He earns somewhere in the region of €50 000.
他大约赚 5 万欧元。

Scot / skɔt; NAme skɑ:t /
◙ noun
1. a person from Scotland
• 苏格兰人
2. the Scots [pl.] the people of Scotland
• (统称)苏格兰人
--› note at Scottish

out∙spoken / autˈspəukən; NAme -ˈspoukən /
◙ adj.
• ~ (in sth) saying exactly what you think, even if this shocks or offends people
• 直率；坦诚
【SYN】 blunt :
»an outspoken opponent of the leader
  一个直言不讳反对领导的人
»outspoken comments
  直率的评论
»She was outspoken in her criticism of the plan.
  她对该计划的批评直言不讳。
--› note at honest
♦ out∙spoken∙ly adv.
♦ out∙spoken∙ness noun [U]

Irish / ˈairiʃ /
◙ noun
1. (also ˌɪrish 'Gaelic, Gaelic) the ɔeltic language of ɪreland
• 爱尔兰语；爱尔兰盖尔语
--› compare Erse
2. the Irish [pl.] the people of Ireland
• 爱尔兰人

◙ adj.
• of or connected with Ireland, its people or its language
• 爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人的；爱尔兰语的

split / split /
◙ verb
(split∙ting, split, split)
›› DIVIDE 分开
1. to divide, or to make a group of people divide, into smaller groups that have very different opinions
• 分裂,使分裂(成不同的派别):
▪ [VN]
»a debate that has split the country down the middle
  使全国分成两大派的一场争论
▪ [V]
»The committee split over government subsidies.
  在政府补贴的问题上,委员会出现了相互对立的意见。
2. ~ (sth) (into sth) to divide, or to make sth divide, into two or more parts
• 分开,使分开(成为几个部份):
▪ [VN]
»She split the class into groups of four.
  她按四人一组把全班分成若干小组。
▪ [V]
»The results split neatly into two groups.
  结果恰巧分成两类。
--› see also split up
3. [VN] ~ sth (between sb / sth) | ~ sth (with sb) to divide sth into two or more parts and share it between different people, activities, etc.
• 分担；分摊；分享:
»She split the money she won with her brother.
  她把得到的钱与弟弟分了。
»His time is split between the London and Paris offices.
  他一半时间在伦敦的办事处,一半时间在巴黎的办事处。
--› see also split up
›› TEAR 撕裂
4. ~ (sth) (open) to tear, or to make sth tear, along a straight line
• (使)撕裂:
▪ [V]
»Her dress had split along the seam.
  她的连衣裙顺着接缝裂开了。
▪ [V-ADJ]
»The cushion split open and sent feathers everywhere.
  垫子撕破了,羽毛掉得到处都是。
▪ [VN]
»Don't tell me you've split another pair of pants!
  你不会又把一条裤子撑破了吧！
▪ [also VN-ADJ]
›› CUT 割伤
5. ~ sth (open) to cut sb's skin and make it bleed
• 划破；割破；碰破:
▪ [VN-ADJ]
»She split her head open on the cupboard door.
  她碰到碗橱门上把头碰破了。
▪ [VN]
»How did you split your lip?
  你怎么把嘴唇划破了？
›› END RELATIONSHIP 断绝关系
6. [V] ~ (from / with sb) to leave sb and stop having a relationship with them
• (和某人)断绝关系,分手；离开(某人):
»The singer split with his wife last June.
  那歌手去年六月和妻子分手了。
»She intends to split from the band at the end of the tour.
  她打算在巡回演出结束后离开乐队。
--› see also split up
›› LEAVE 离开
7. [V] (old-fashioned, informal) to leave a place quickly
• (迅速)离开,走:
»Let's split!
  咱们快走吧！

【IDIOMS】

◘ split the 'difference
• (when discussing a price, etc.) to agree on an amount that is at an equal distance between the two amounts that have been suggested
• (讲价等)各让一步,折衷
◘ split 'hairs
• to pay too much attention in an argument to differences that are very small and not important
• 在细节上过分纠缠
◘ split an in'finitive
• to place an adverb between 'to' and the infinitive of a verb, for example, to say 'to strongly deny a rumour'. Some people consider this to be bad English style.
• 使用分裂不定式(在 to 和不定式之间插入副词,如 to strongly deny a rumour,有人认为这种风格不好)
◘ split your 'sides (laughing / with laughter)
• to laugh a lot at sb / sth
• 笑破肚皮；笑弯腰
◘ split the 'ticket
(US) (politics 政)
• to vote for candidates from more than one party
• 投两党或两党以上候选人的票
--› more at middle n.

【PHR V】

◘ ˌsplit a'way / 'off (from sth) ◘ | ˌsplit sth∽a'way / 'off (from sth)
• to separate from, or to separate sth from, a larger object or group
• (使)脱离,分裂出去,分离:
»A rebel faction has split away from the main group.
  一帮反叛者从核心组织中分裂了出去。
»The storm split a branch off from the main trunk.
  暴风雨把一根树枝从树干上刮了下来。
◘ 'split on sb (to sb) (BrE, informal)
• to tell sb in authority about sth wrong, dishonest etc. that sb else has done
• (向…)告发,揭发:
»Don't worry—he won't split on us.
  别担心——他不会出卖我们的。
◘ ˌsplit 'up (with sb)
• to stop having a relationship with sb
• (和某人)断绝关系,分手:
»My parents split up last year.
  我父母去年离婚了。
»She's split up with her boyfriend.
  她和男朋友分手了。
◘ ˌsplit sb 'up
• to make two people stop having a relationship with each other
• 使断绝关系；拆散:
»My friend is doing her best to split us up.
  我的朋友竭力想拆散我们。
◘ ˌsplit sb 'up ◘ | ˌsplit 'up
• to divide a group of people into smaller parts; to become divided up in this way
• (把…)分成小组,化整为零:
»We were split up into groups to discuss the question.
  我们分组讨论了那个问题。
»Let's split up now and meet again at lunchtime.
  我们现在先分开,午饭时再集合。
◘ ˌsplit sth∽'up
• to divide sth into smaller parts
• 划分；分解:
»The day was split up into 6 one-hour sessions.
  一天的活动分作 6 个时段,每个时段一小时。

◙ noun
›› DISAGREEMENT 分歧
1. [C] ~ (between A and B) | ~ (with sb / sth) a disagreement that divides a group of people or makes sb separate from sb else
• 分歧；分裂；分离:
»a damaging split within the party leadership
  党的领导层内部不利的分歧现象
»the years following his bitter split with his wife
  他和妻子痛苦分手后的那些年
›› DIVISION 划分
2. [sing.] a division between two or more things; one of the parts that sth is divided into
• 划分；分别；份额:
»He demanded a 50–50 split in the profits.
  他要求利润对半分成。
›› TEAR / HOLE 裂缝；裂口
3. [C] a long crack or hole made when sth tears
• 裂缝；裂口:
»There's a big split in the tent.
  帐篷上撕了一个大口子。
›› BANANA DISH 香蕉甜食
4. [C] a sweet dish made from fruit, especially a banana cut in two along its length, with cream, ice cream, etc. on top
• 香蕉船,水果船(将香蕉等纵切成条状作底,上覆奶油或冰淇淋等):
»a banana split
  香蕉船
›› BODY POSITION 身体姿势
5. the splits [pl.] (US also split [sing.]) a position in which you stretch your legs flat across the floor in opposite directions with the rest of your body vertical
• 劈叉:
»a gymnast doing the splits
  做劈叉的体操运动员

sub∙sti∙tute / ˈsʌbstitju:t; NAme -tu:t /
◙ noun
1. ~ (for sb / sth) a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have
• 代替者；代替物；代用品:
»a meat substitute
  肉食替代品
»Paul's father only saw him as a substitute for his dead brother.
  保罗的父亲只是把他当作他死去的哥哥来看待。
»a substitute family
  收养家庭
»The course teaches you the theory but there's no substitute for practical experience.
  这门课教的是理论,但没有任何东西能代替实践经验。
»The local bus service was a poor substitute for their car.
  他们坐当地的公交车,这比坐自己的汽车可差远了。
2. (also informal sub) a player who replaces another player in a sports game
• 替补(运动员):
»He was brought on as (a) substitute after half-time.
  他作为替补队员在下半场上场。

◙ verb
• ~ A (for B) | ~ B (with / by A) | ~ for sb / sth to take the place of sb / sth else; to use sb / sth instead of sb / sth else
• (以…)代替；取代:
▪ [V]
»Nothing can substitute for the advice your doctor is able to give you.
  大夫所能给你的忠告是无可替代的。
▪ [VN]
»Margarine can be substituted for butter in this recipe.
  做这道菜可以用人造黄油代替黄油。
»Butter can be substituted with margarine in this recipe.
  做这道菜可以用人造黄油代替黄油。
»Beckham was substituted in the second half after a knee injury (= somebody else played instead of Beckham in the second half).
  下半场贝克汉姆膝盖受伤被换下。

【HELP】When for, with or by are not used, as in the last example, it can be difficult to tell whether the person or thing mentioned is being used, or has been replaced by somebody or something else. The context will usually make this clear.
• 像最后一个例句这种情况,由于 for、with 或 by 均不出现,可能难以断定所说的人或事物是在使用的,还是被取代的,通常上下文能使意思明了。

♦ sub∙sti∙tu∙tion / ˌsʌbstiˈtju:ʃn; NAme -ˈtu:- / noun [U, C] :
»the substitution of low-fat spreads for butter
用低脂肪酱代替黄油
»Two substitutions were made during the game.
比赛中换了两次人。

home∙land / ˈhəumlænd; NAme ˈhoum- /
◙ noun
1. [usually sing.] the country where a person was born
• 祖国；家乡:
»Many refugees have been forced to flee their homeland.
很多难民被迫逃离了祖国。
2. [usually pl.] (in the Republic of South Africa under the apartheid system in the past) one of the areas with some self-government that were intended for a group of black African people to live in
• (南非共和国过去在种族隔离制度下设立的、有一定自治权的)黑人定居地:
»the Transkei homeland
特兰斯凯黑人定居地

seed / si:d /
◙ noun
›› OF PLANTS / FRUIT 植物；果实
1. [C, U] the small hard part produced by a plant, from which a new plant can grow
• 种子；籽:
»a packet of wild flower seeds
  一包野花籽
»sesame seeds
  芝麻
»Sow the seeds outdoors in spring.
  春天把种子播在地里。
»These vegetables can be grown from seed.
  这些蔬菜可以撒籽栽种。
»seed potatoes (= used for planting)
  留种的土豆
--› see also birdseed
2. [C] (NAmE) = pip n. (1)
›› BEGINNING 起源
3. [C, usually pl.] ~ (of sth) the beginning of a feeling or a development which continues to grow
• 起源；起因；萌芽；开端:
»the seeds of rebellion
  反叛的起因
»This planted the seeds of doubt in my mind.
  这件事在我心中播下了怀疑的种子。
›› IN TENNIS 网球
4. [C] (especially in tennis 尤指网球) one of the best players in a competition. The seeds are given a position in a list to try and make sure that they do not play each other in the early parts of the competition.
• 种子选手:
»The top seed won comfortably.
  头号种子选手轻松获胜。
»the number six seed
  一号种子选手
›› OF A MAN 男子
5. [U] (old-fashioned or humorous) semen
• 精液
6. [U] (literary) all the people who are the children, grandchildren, etc. of six man
• (统称某人的)子孙,后裔,后代

【IDIOMS】

◘ go / run to 'seed
1. (especially of a vegetable plant 尤指蔬菜) to produce flowers and seeds as well as leaves
• 花谢结籽
2. to become much less attractive or good because of lack of attention
• 变得懒散颓废(或意志消沉)；衰败:
»After his divorce, he let himself go to seed.
离婚后,他自暴自弃。
--› more at sow ¹ v.

◙ verb
›› OF A PLANT 植物
1. [V] to produce seeds
• 结籽
2. [VN] ~ itself to produce other plants using its own seeds
• (种子)繁殖
›› AREA OF GROUND 土地
3. [VN] [usually passive] ~ sth (with sth) to plant seeds in an area of ground
• 在…播种:
»a newly seeded lawn
新撒了草籽的草坪
›› IN TENNIS 网球
4. [VN] [usually passive] to make sb a seed in a competition
• 确定(某人)为种子选手:
»He has been seeded 14th at Wimbledon next week.
他被确定为下周温布尔登网球公开赛的第 14 号种子选手。

seed∙less / ˈsi:dləs /
◙ adj. [usually before noun]
• (of fruit 果实) having no seeds
• 无籽的；无核的:
»seedless grapes
无籽葡萄

ob∙ser∙ver / əbˈzə:və(r); NAme -ˈzə:rv- /
◙ noun
1. a person who watches sb / sth
• 观察者；观测者；目击者:
»According to observers, the plane exploded shortly after take-off.
  据目击者说,飞机起飞后不久就爆炸了。
»To the casual observer (= somebody who does not pay much attention), the system appears confusing.
  乍看起来,这个系统好像条理不清。
--› note at witness
2. a person who attends a meeting, lesson, etc. to listen and watch but not to take part
• 观察员；旁听者:
»A team of British officials were sent as observers to the conference.
  一组英国官员被派去做大会观察员。
3. a person who watches and studies particular events, situations, etc. and is therefore considered to be an expert on them
• 观察家；观察员；评论员:
»a royal observer
  王室观察家

dis∙ap∙point∙ing / ˌdisəˈpɔintiŋ /
◙ adj.
• not as good, successful, etc. as you had hoped; making you feel disappointed
• 令人失望的；令人沮丧的；令人扫兴的:
»a disappointing result / performance
  令人失望的结果/演出
»The outcome of the court case was disappointing for the family involved.
  诉讼案的结果使得涉及本案的这家人非常失望。
♦ dis∙ap∙point∙ing∙ly adv.:
»The room was disappointingly small.
  屋子小得令人失望。

bound / baund /
--› see also bind v.
◙ adj. [not before noun]
1. ~ to do / be sth certain or likely to happen, or to do or be sth
• 一定会；很可能会:
»There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced.
  引进新系统后一定会发生变化。
»It's bound to be sunny again tomorrow.
  明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。
»You've done so much work—you're bound to pass the exam.
  你下了这么大工夫,考试绝对没问题。
»It was bound to happen sooner or later (= we should have expected it).
  这事迟早都是要发生的。
»You're bound to be nervous the first time (= it's easy to understand).
  第一次总是会紧张的。
--› note at certain
2. ~ (by sth) | ~ (by sth) (to do sth) forced to do sth by law, duty or a particular situation
• 受(法律、义务或情况)约束(必须做某事)；有义务(做某事):
»We are not bound by the decision.
  我们不受该决定的约束。
»You are bound by the contract to pay before the end of the month.
  按照合同规定,你必须在月底前付款。 (BrE, formal)
»I am bound to say I disagree with you on this point.
  我觉得有必要指出,在这一点上我不同意你的观点。
3. (in compounds 构成复合词) prevented from going somewhere or from working normally by the conditions mentioned
• 因…受阻(或不能正常工作):
»Strike-bound travellers face long delays.
  因罢工滞留的旅客要耽搁很长时间。
»fogbound airports
  因雾不能正常作业的机场
4. ~ (for...) (also in compounds 亦构成复合词) travelling, or ready to travel, in a particular direction or to a particular place
• 正旅行去(某地)；准备前往(某地):
»homeward bound (= going home)
  在回家途中
»a plane bound for Dublin
  开往都柏林的飞机
»Paris-bound
  前往巴黎的
»northbound / southbound / eastbound / westbound
  向北/向南/向东/向西行进的

【IDIOMS】

◘ be bound 'up in sth
• very busy with sth; very interested or involved in sth
• 忙于某事；热衷于某事:
»He's too bound up in his work to have much time for his children.
  他工作太忙,没有很多时间陪孩子们。
◘ bound and de'termined
(NAmE)
• very determined to do sth
• 矢志不渝；下定决心
◘ be bound to'gether by / in sth
• to be closely connected
• 因…(或在…方面)密切联系:
»communities bound together by customs and traditions
  因习俗和传统而结合在一起的社区
◘ bound 'up with sth
• closely connected with sth
• 和某事密切相关:
»From that moment my life became inextricably bound up with hers.
  从那一刻起,我的生命就和她结下不解之缘。
◘ 'I'll be bound
•(old-fashioned, BrE, informal) I feel sure
• 我敢肯定
--› more at honour n.

◙ verb
1. [V +adv. / prep.] to run with long steps, especially in an enthusiastic way
• 跳跃着跑:
»The dogs bounded ahead.
那些狗在前面蹦蹦跳跳地跑。
2. [VN] [usually passive] (formal) to form the edge or limit of an area
• 形成…的边界(或界限):
»The field was bounded on the left by a wood.
那片地左边依傍着一片树林。

◙ noun
• (formal) a high or long jump
• 蹦跳；跳跃
--› see also bounds
--› more at leap n.

dis∙hon∙est / disˈɔnist; NAmE -ˈɑ:n- /
◙ adj.
• not honest; intending to trick people
• 不诚实的；骗人的；欺骗性的:
»Beware of dishonest traders in the tourist areas.
在旅游区一定要谨防奸商。
»I don't like him, and it would be dishonest of me to pretend otherwise.
我不喜欢他,如果假装喜欢,那就是我不诚实了。
【OPP】 honest
♦ dis∙hon∙est∙ly adv.
♦ dis∙hon∙esty noun [U]

am∙bi∙tious / æmˈbiʃəs /
◙ adj.
1. determined to be successful, rich, powerful, etc.
• 有野心的；有雄心的:
»a fiercely ambitious young manager
  雄心勃勃的年轻经理
»They were very ambitious for their children (= they wanted them to be successful).
  他们望子成龙心切。
2. needing a lot of effort, money or time to succeed
• 费力的；耗资的；耗时的:
»the government's ambitious plans for social reform
  政府耗资巨大的社会改革计划
【OPP】 unambitious
♦ am∙bi∙tious∙ly adv.

trust∙worthy / ˈtrʌstwə:ði; NAme -wə:rði /
◙ adj.
• that you can rely on to be good, honest, sincere, etc.
• 值得信任的；可信赖的；可靠的
【SYN】 reliable
♦ trust∙worthi∙ness noun [U]

di∙men∙sion / daiˈmenʃn; di- /
◙ noun
1. a measurement in space, for example the height, width or length of sth
• 维(构成空间的因素):
»We measured the dimensions of the kitchen.
  我们测量了厨房的面积。
»computer design tools that work in seven dimensions
  计算机三维设计工具
--› see also fourth dimension
2. [usually pl.] the size and extent of a situation
• 大小；规模；程度；范围:
»a problem of considerable dimensions
  一个涉及面相当广的问题
3. an aspect, or way of looking at or thinking about sth
• 方面；侧面:
»Her job added a new dimension to her life.
  她的工作为她的生活增添了新的内容。
»the social dimension of unemployment
  失业的社会因素

iden∙ti∙fi∙ca∙tion / aiˌdentifiˈkeiʃn /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] (abbr. ID) the process of showing, proving or recognizing who or what sb / sth is
• 鉴定；辨认:
»The identification of the crash victims was a long and difficult task.
  鉴别坠机意外伤亡者的工作费时而且困难重重。
»Each product has a number for easy identification.
  每件产品都有号码以便于识别。
»an identification number
  识别号码
»Only six witness could make a positive identification.
  只有一位目击者能够直接确认。
2. [U] the process of recognizing that sth exists, or is important
• 确认；确定:
»The early identification of children with special educational needs is very important.
  早期确认儿童有特殊教育需求很重要。
3. (abbr. ID) [U] official papers or a document that can prove who you are
• 身分证明:
»Can I see some identification, please?
  请出示任何身分证件好吗？
4. [U, C] ~ (with sb / sth) a strong feeling of sympathy, understanding or support for sb / sth
• 强烈的同情感(或谅解、支持):
»her emotional identification with the play's heroine
  她与剧中女主人公在情感上的共鸣
»their increasing identification with the struggle for independence
  他们对争取独立的斗争越来越大的支持
5. [U, C] ~ (of sb) (with sb / sth) the process of making a close connection between six person or thing and another
• 密切关联；紧密联系:
»the voters' identification of the Democrats with high taxes
  选民把民主党和高税收画上等号

fa∙cial / ˈfeiʃl /
◙ adj. [usually before noun]
• connected with a person's face; on a person's face
• 面部的:
»a facial expression
  面部表情
»facial hair
  面部毫毛
♦ fa∙cial∙ly / ˈfeiʃəli / adv.:
»Facially the two men were very different.
  这两个男人的脸型迥异。

◙ noun
• a beauty treatment in which a person's face is cleaned using creams, steam, etc. in order to improve the quality of the skin
• 面部护理；美容

un∙con∙di∙tion∙al / ˌʌnkənˈdiʃənl /
◙ adj.
• without any conditions or limits
• 无条件的；无限制的；绝对的:
»the unconditional surrender of military forces
军队的无条件投降
»She gave her children unconditional love.
她将爱毫无保留地给了她的孩子。
【OPP】 conditional
♦ un∙con∙di∙tion∙al∙ly / -ʃənəli / adv.

ro∙mance / rəuˈmæns; ˈrəumæns; NAme ˈrou- /
◙ noun
1. [C] an exciting, usually short, relationship between ten people who are in love with each other
• (通常指短暂的)浪漫史,爱情关系,风流韵事:
»a holiday romance
  假日浪漫史
»They had a whirlwind romance.
  他们之间有过一段短暂的风流韵事。
2. [U] love or the feeling of being in love
• 恋爱；爱情:
»Spring is here and romance is in the air.
  春天来了,到处洋溢着爱情的气息。
»How can you put the romance back into your marriage?
  怎样才能使你的婚姻再次充满绵绵爱意呢？
3. [U] a feeling of excitement and adventure, especially connected to a particular place or activity
• 传奇色彩；浪漫氛围:
»the romance of travel
  旅行奇趣
4. [C] a story about a love affair
• 爱情故事:
»She's a compulsive reader of romances.
  她热衷于阅读爱情故事。
5. [C] a story of excitement and adventure, often set in the past
• 传奇故事:
»medieval romances
  中世纪的传奇故事

◙ verb
1. [V] to tell stories that are not true or to describe sth in a way that makes it seem more exciting or interesting than it really is
• 虚构(故事)；渲染
2. [VN] to have or to try to have a romantic relationship with sb
• 和(某人)谈情说爱；追求(某人)

Ro∙mance / rəuˈmæns; ˈrəumæns; NAme ˈrou- /
◙ adj. [only before noun]
• Romance languages, such as French, Italian and Spanish, are languages that developed from Latin.
• 罗曼语的(由拉丁语演变而成,有法语、意大利语、西班牙语等)

am∙bi∙tion / æmˈbiʃn /
◙ noun ~ (to be / do sth) | ~ (of being / doing sth)
1. [C] something that you want to do or achieve very much
• 追求的目标；夙愿:
»She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.
  她一直未能实现当名作家的夙愿。
»His burning ambition was to study medicine.
  他梦寐以求的是学医。
»It had been her lifelong ambition.
  这是她终身追求的目标。
»political / literary / sporting ambitions
  政治抱负；文学夙愿；运动目标
2. [U] the desire or determination to be successful, rich, powerful, etc.
• 野心；雄心；志向；抱负:
»motivated by personal ambition
  为个人野心所驱使
»She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition.
  她很聪明,但却缺乏远大志向。

red∙dish / ˈrediʃ /
◙ adj.
• fairly red in colour
• 微红的；略带红色的

noble / ˈnəubl; NAme ˈnoubl /
◙ adj. (no∙bler / ˈnəublə(r); NAme ˈnou- / nob∙lest / ˈnəublist; NAme ˈnou- / )
1. having fine personal qualities that people admire, such as courage, honesty and care for others
• 崇高的；品质高尚的:
»a noble leader
  伟大的领袖
»noble ideals
  崇高的理想
»He died for a noble cause.
  他为了高尚的事业而牺牲。
--› compare ignoble
2. very impressive in size or quality
• 宏伟的；壮丽的
【SYN】 splendid :
»a noble building
  雄伟的大楼
3. belonging to a family of high social rank (= belonging to the nobility )
• 贵族的；高贵的
【SYN】 aristocratic :
»a man of noble birth
  出身高贵的人
♦ nobly / ˈnəubli; NAme ˈnoubli / adv.:
»She bore the disappointment nobly.
  她很失望,但表现得很大度。
»to be nobly born
  出身贵族

◙ noun
• a person who comes from a family of high social rank; a member of the nobility
• 出身高贵的人；贵族成员

oc∙cu∙pa∙tion / ˌɔkjuˈpeiʃn; NAme ˌɑ:k- /
◙ noun
1. [C] a job or profession
• 工作；职业:
»Please state your name, age and occupation below.
  请在下面写明姓名、年龄和职业。
--› note at work
2. [C] the way in which you spend your time, especially when you are not working
• 消遣；业余活动:
»Her main occupation seems to be shopping.
  逛商店购物似乎是她的主要消遣。
3. [U] the act of moving into a country, town, etc. and taking control of it using military force; the period of time during which a country, town, etc. is controlled in this way
• 侵占；占领；占领期:
»the Roman occupation of Britain
  罗马人对不列颠的占领
»The areas under occupation contained major industrial areas.
  被占领地区拥有主要的工业区。
»occupation forces
  占领军
4. [U] (formal) the act of living in or using a building, room, piece of land, etc.
• (土地、房屋、建筑等的)使用,居住,占用:
»The offices will be ready for occupation in June.
  办公室将于六月交付使用。
»The following applies only to tenants in occupation after January 1 2003.
  以下规定仅适用于从 2003 年 1 月 1 日起入住的房客。
»The level of owner occupation (= people owning their homes) has increased rapidly in the last 30 years.
  拥有住房的人数在过去 30 年间急剧攀升。

◙ noun
• a woman with hair that is pale gold in colour
• 金发女郎:
»Is she a natural blonde (= Is her hair naturally blonde) ?
她的头发原本就是金黄色吗？

vio∙let / ˈvaiələt /
◙ noun
1. [C] a small wild or garden plant with purple or white flowers with a sweet smell that appear in spring
• 紫罗兰
2. [U] a bluish-purple colour
• 蓝紫色；紫罗兰色:
»dressed in violet
身着蓝紫色衣服的
♦ vio∙let adj.:
»violet eyes
蓝紫色的眼睛

【IDIOMS】

--› see shrink v.

ar∙bi∙trary / ˈɑ:bitrəri; ˈɑ:bitri; NAmE ˈɑ:rbətreri /
◙ adj.
1. (of an action, a decision, a rule, etc. 行动、决定、规章等) not seeming to be based on a reason, system or plan and sometimes seeming unfair
• 任意的；武断的；随心所欲的:
»The choice of players for the team seemed completely arbitrary.
  看来这个队的队员完全是随意选定的。
»He makes unpredictable, arbitrary decisions.
  他做的决定难以预料,主观武断。
2. (formal) using power without restriction and without considering other people
• 专横的；专制的:
»the arbitrary powers of officials
  官员的专制权力
♦ ar∙bi∙trar∙ily / ˌɑ:biˈtrerəli; ˈɑ:bitrəli; NAmE ˌɑ:rbəˈt- / adv.:
»The leaders of the groups were chosen arbitrarily.
  这些团体的领导人是任意挑选的。
♦ ar∙bi∙trari∙ness noun [U]

sub∙ject∙ive / səbˈdʒektiv /
◙ adj.
1. based on your own ideas or opinions rather than facts and therefore sometimes unfair
• 主观的(非客观的):
»a highly subjective point of view
  非常主观的看法
»Everyone's opinion is bound to be subjective.
  每个人的意见都必定是主观的。
2. (of ideas, feelings or experiences 思想、感情或经历) existing in sb's mind rather than in the real world
• 主观的(非现实世界的)
3. [only before noun] (grammar 语法) the subjective case is the six which is used for the subject of a sentence
• 主语的；主格的
【OPP】 objective
♦ sub∙ject∙ive∙ly adv.:
»People who are less subjectively involved are better judges.
  主观因素介入愈少,愈能作出恰当的判断。
»subjectively perceived changes
  主观感受到的变化
♦ sub∙ject∙iv∙ity / ˌsʌbdʒekˈtivəti / noun [U] :
»There is an element of subjectivity in her criticism.
  她的批评有主观因素。

con∙sist∙ent / kənˈsistənt /
◙ adj.
1. (approving) always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc.
• 一致的；始终如一的:
»She's not very consistent in the way she treats her children.
  她对待孩子反覆无常。
»He has been Milan's most consistent player this season.
  他是米兰队这个赛季状态最稳定的队员。
»We must be consistent in applying the rules.
  我们在实施这些规则时必须保持一致。
»a consistent approach to the problem
  解决问题的一贯方法
2. happening in the same way and continuing for a period of time
• 连续的；持续的:
»the party's consistent failure to come up with any new policies
  这个政党长时期的提不出任何新政策
»a pattern of consistent growth in the economy
  经济持续增长的模式
3. ~ with sth in agreement with sth; not contradicting sth
• 与…一致的；相符的；符合的；不矛盾的:
»The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
  这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。
»injuries consistent with a fall from an upper storey (= similar to those such a fall would have caused)
  和从楼上摔下来的情形相符合的伤处
4. (of an argument or a set of ideas 论点或一系列的观点) having different parts that all agree with each other
• 相互连贯的:
»a well-thought-out and consistent argument
  经过深思熟虑的、相互连贯的论点
【OPP】 inconsistent
♦ con∙sist∙ent∙ly adv.:
»Her work has been of a consistently high standard.
  她的工作一直是高水准的。
»We have argued consistently for a change in the law.
  我们一直坚持不懈地鼓吹要更改法律。

pas∙sion / ˈpæʃn /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] a very strong feeling of love, hatred, anger, enthusiasm, etc.
• 强烈情感；激情:
»He's a man of violent passions.
  他是个性情暴烈的人。
»a crime of passion
  因情欲妒忌而造成的犯罪
»She argued her case with considerable passion.
  她相当激动地为自己的主张提出论据。
»Passions were running high (= people were angry and emotional) at the meeting.
  会上群情沸腾。
2. [sing.] (formal) a state of being very angry
• 盛怒；激愤
【SYN】 rage :
»She flies into a passion if anyone even mentions his name.
  哪怕是有人提到他的名字,她也会勃然大怒。
3. [U] ~ (for sb) a very strong feeling of sexual love
• 强烈的爱(尤指两性间的):
»His passion for her made him blind to everything else.
  他钟情于她,达到了不顾一切的地步。
4. [C] ~ (for sth) a very strong feeling of liking sth; a hobby, an activity, etc. that you like very much
• 酷爱；热衷的爱好(或活动等):
»The English have a passion for gardens.
  英国人酷爱花园。
»Music is a passion with him.
  他对音乐情有独钟。
5. the Passion [sing.] (in Christianity 基督教) the suffering and death of Jesus Christ
• 耶稣的受难

mourn∙ing / ˈmɔ:niŋ; NAme ˈmɔ:rn- /
◙ noun [U]
1. sadness that you show and feel because sb has died
• 伤逝；哀悼
【SYN】 grief :
»The government announced a day of national mourning for the victims.
政府宣布全国为受害者哀悼一日。
»She was still in mourning for her husband.
她仍在为丈夫服丧。
2. clothes that people wear to show their sadness at sb's death
• 丧服

warmth / wɔ:mθ; NAme wɔ:rmθ /
◙ noun [U]
1. the state or quality of being warm, rather than hot or cold
• 温暖；暖和:
»She felt the warmth of his arms around her.
  她感到了他双臂搂着她的温暖。
»The animals huddled together for warmth.
  那些动物依偎在一起取暖。
»He led the child into the warmth and safety of the house.
  他把这孩子领到家里享受温暖和安全。
2. the state or quality of being enthusiastic and / or friendly
• 热情；友情:
»They were touched by the warmth of the welcome.
  他们受到了热情欢迎,很感动。

cau∙tion / ˈkɔ:ʃn /
◙ noun
1. [U] care that you take in order to avoid danger or mistakes; not taking any risks
• 谨慎；小心；慎重:
»extreme / great caution
  特别谨慎；小心翼翼
»Statistics should be treated with caution.
  对待统计数字要小心。
--› note at care
2. [C] (BrE) a warning that is given by the police to sb who has committed a crime that is not too serious
• (警察向犯轻罪的人发出的)警告:
»As a first offender, she got off with a caution.
  她由于是初犯,被从轻发落,只受到了警告。
3. [U, C] (formal) a warning or a piece of advice about a possible danger or risk
• (对危险或风险的)警告,告诫:
»a word / note of caution
  忠告；警告的提示
»Some cautions must be mentioned—for example good tools are essential to do the job well.
  有些警句必须提及,如:工欲善其事,必先利其器。

【IDIOMS】

◘ throw / cast caution to the 'wind(s)
• to stop caring about how dangerous sth might be; to start taking risks
• 不顾危险；鲁莽行事；冒险

◙ verb
1. ~ (sb) against sth | ~ sb about sth to warn sb about the possible dangers or problems of sth
• 警告；告诫；提醒:
▪ [V]
»I would caution against getting too involved.
  我要提出警告,别陷得太深。
▪ [VN]
»Sam cautioned him against making a hasty decision.
  萨姆告诫他不要草率作出决定。
▪ [V that]
»The government cautioned that pay increases could lead to job losses.
  政府警告说增加工资会导致失业。
▪ [also VN to inf VN that V speech VN speech]
2. [VN] (BrE) (law 律) to warn sb officially that anything they say may be used as evidence against them in court
• 警告,提醒(某人说的任何话都可能在法庭上被当作对其不利的证据):
»Suspects must be cautioned before any questions are asked.
  嫌疑犯在回答问题前必须得到提醒。
3. [VN] [usually passive] (BrE) (law 律) ~ sb (for sth) to warn sb officially that they will be punished if they do sth wrong or illegal again
• 警告(某人不得再做错事或非法的事):
»She wasn't sent to the juvenile court; instead she was cautioned.
  她未被送上少年法庭,而是受到了警告。

rib∙bon / ˈribən /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] a narrow strip of material, used to tie things or for decoration
• (用于捆绑或装饰的)带子；丝带:
»a present tied with yellow ribbon
  系着黄丝带的礼物
»lengths of velvet ribbon
  一段段天鹅绒带子
»She was wearing ten blue silk ribbons in her hair.
  她的头发上系着两根蓝色丝带。
2. [C] something that is long and narrow in shape
• 带状物；狭长的东西:
»The road was a ribbon of moonlight.
  这条路在月光下如同一条缎带。
»(BrE) Ribbon developments (= lines of buildings) extended along the main road.
  一排排建筑沿着大路伸展。
3. [C] a ribbon in special colours, or tied in a special way, that is given to sb as a prize or as a military honour, or that is worn by sb to show that they belong to a particular political party
• 绶带；勳带
--› compare rosette (1)
4. [C] a long strip of material containing ink that you put into typewriters and some computer printers
• (打字机或打印机的)色带

【IDIOMS】

◘ cut / tear, etc. sth to 'ribbons
• to cut / tear, etc. sth very badly
• (将某物)撕扯得粉碎,切成碎片

col∙lar / ˈkɔlə(r); NAmE ˈkɑ:l- /
◙ noun
1. the part around the neck of a shirt, jacket or coat that usually folds down
• 衣领；领子:
»a coat with a fur collar
  毛皮领大衣
»I turned up my collar against the wind (= to keep warm).
  我把衣领竖起来挡风。
»He always wears a collar and tie for work.
  他上班总是系着领带。
--› see also blue-collar , dog collar , white-collar , wing collar
2. a band of leather or plastic put around the neck of an animal, especially a dog
• (动物,尤指狗的)颈圈:
»a collar and lead / leash
  颈圈和系带
3. (technical 术语) a band made of a strong material that is put round sth, such as a pipe or a piece of machinery, to make it stronger or to join two parts together
• (管子或机器部件的)圈、箍

【IDIOMS】

--› see hot adj.

◙ verb [VN] (informal)
1. to capture sb and hold them tightly so that they cannot escape from you
• 抓住；捉住；揪住；逮住:
»Police collared the culprit as he was leaving the premises.
罪犯正离开现场时,警察逮住了他。
2. to stop sb in order to talk to them
• 拦住(某人要与其)谈话:
»I was collared in the street by a woman doing a survey.
我在大街上给一个做民意调查的女人拦住交谈。

gar∙ment / ˈɡɑ:mənt; NAmE ˈɡɑ:rm- /
◙ noun
• (formal)a piece of clothing
• (一件)衣服:
»a strange shapeless garment that had once been a jacket
用夹克衫改成的不成形的一件衣服
»woollen / winter / outer garments
毛衣；冬装；外衣
--› see also undergarment
--› note at clothes

ecol∙ogy / iˈkɔlədʒi; NAmE iˈkɑ:l- /
◙ noun [U]
• the relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their environment; the study of this
• 生态；生态学:
»plant / animal / human ecology
  植物/动物/人类生态学
»the ecology movement
  生态保护运动
»Oil pollution could damage the fragile ecology of the coral reefs.
  石油污染可能破坏珊瑚礁脆弱的生态环境。

Mus∙lim / ˈmuzlim; ˈmʌz-; -ləm /
◙ noun
• a person whose religion is Islam
• 穆斯林；伊斯兰教信徒
♦ Mus∙lim adj.
--› see also Moslem

burg∙lar / ˈbə:ɡlə(r); NAmE ˈbə:rɡ- /
◙ noun
• a person who enters a building illegally in order to steal
• 破门盗贼；入室窃贼

fu∙neral / ˈfju:nərəl /
◙ noun
• a ceremony, usually a religious one, for burying or cremating (= burning) a dead person
• 葬礼；丧礼；出殡:
»Hundreds of people attended the funeral.
  数百人参加了葬礼。
»a funeral procession
  送葬队伍
»a funeral march (= a sad piece of music suitable for funerals)
  丧礼进行曲

【IDIOMS】

◘ it's 'your funeral
• (informal) used to tell sb that they, and nobody else, will have to deal with the unpleasant results of their own actions
• 这是你自作自受

choir / ˈkwaiə(r) /
◙ noun
1. [C + sing. / pl. v.] a group of people who sing together, for example in church services or public performances
• (教堂的)唱诗班；(公开演出的)合唱团,歌唱队:
»She sings in the school choir.
她是校合唱队的成员。
2. [C] the part of a church where the choir sits during services
• (教堂)唱经楼,唱诗席