m9u4
mosque / mɔsk; NAme mɑ:sk /
◙ noun
• a building in which Muslims worship
• 清真寺
Tao∙ism / ˈdauizəm; ˈtau- /
◙ noun [U]
• a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu
• 道教
♦ Tao∙ist / ˈdauist; ˈtau- / noun, adj.
bib∙lical (also Bib∙lical) / ˈbiblikl /
◙ adj.
1. connected with the Bible; in the Bible
• 有关《圣经》的；《圣经》中的:
 »biblical scholarship / times / scenes
  与《圣经》有关的研究/时代/背景
 »biblical stories / passages
  《圣经》故事/章节
2. very great; on a large scale
• 宏大的；大规模的:
 »a thunderstorm of biblical proportions
  特大雷暴
【IDIOMS】
◘ know sb in the 'biblical sense
•(humorous) to have had sex with sb
• 与某人发生过性关系:
 »He had known her—but not in the biblical sense.
  他认识她,但未有过肌肤之亲。
straight∙for∙ward / ˌstreitˈfɔ:wəd; NAme -ˈfɔ:rwərd /
◙ adj.
1. easy to do or to understand; not complicated
• 简单的；易懂的；不复杂的
【SYN】 easy :
 »a straightforward process
  简单的过程
 »It's quite straightforward to get here.
  来这儿相当容易。
2. (of a person or their behaviour 人或行为) honest and open; not trying to trick sb or hide sth
• 坦诚的；坦率的；率直的
♦ straight∙for∙ward∙ly adv.:
 »Let me put it more straightforwardly.
  我来把它说得更直截了当一些。
♦ straight∙for∙ward∙ness noun [U]
bible / ˈbaibl /
◙ noun
1. the Bible [sing.] the holy book of the Christian religion, consisting of the Old Testament and the New Testament
• 基督教的《圣经》(包括《旧约》和《新约》)
2. the Bible [sing.] the holy book of the Jewish religion, consisting of the Torah (or Law), the Prophets , and the Writings
• 犹太教的《圣经》(包括《法律书》、《先知书》以及《杂集》)
3. [C] a copy of the holy book of the Christian or Jewish religion
• 一册(基督教或犹太教的)《圣经》
4. [C] a book containing important information on a subject, that you refer to very often
• 权威着作(或参考书):
 »the stamp-collector's bible
  集邮者的宝典
Heb∙rew / ˈhi:bru: /
◙ noun
1. a member of an ancient race of people living in what is now Israel and Palestine. Their writings and traditions form the basis of the Jewish religion.
• 希伯来人
2. the language traditionally used by the Hebrew people
• 希伯来语
3. a modern form of the Hebrew language which is the official language of modern Israel
• 现代希伯来语(现代以色列的官方语言)
--› compare Yiddish
♦ Heb∙rew adj.
vague / veiɡ /
◙ adj. (vaguer, vaguest)
1. not clear in a person's mind
• (思想上)不清楚的,含糊的,不明确的,模糊的:
 »to have a vague impression / memory / recollection of sth
  对某事印象/记忆模糊
 »They had only a vague idea where the place was.
  他们只是大概知道那个地方的位置。
2. ~ (about sth) not having or giving enough information or details about sth
• 不具体的；不详细的；粗略的:
 »She's a little vague about her plans for next year.
  她对她明年的计划不怎么明确。
 »The politicians made vague promises about tax cuts.
  政界人物的减税承诺言辞含混。
 »He was accused of being deliberately vague.
  他被指责为故意含糊其词。
 »We had only a vague description of the attacker.
  我们只有那个袭击者的粗略描述。
3. (of a person's behaviour 人的行为) suggesting a lack of clear thought or attention
• 茫然的；糊涂的；心不在焉的
【SYN】 absent-minded :
 »His vague manner concealed a brilliant mind.
  他大智若愚。
4. not having a clear shape
• 不清楚的；模糊的；朦胧的
【SYN】 indistinct :
 »In the darkness they could see the vague outline of a church.
  他们在黑暗中能看到一座教堂的朦胧轮廓。
♦ vague∙ness noun [U]
under∙line / ˌʌndəˈlain; NAme -dərˈl- / (also under∙score especially in NAmE)
◙ verb
1. [VN] to draw a line under a word, sentence, etc.
• 在(词语等下)画线；画底线标出
2. to emphasize or show that sth is important or true
• 强调；突现:
▪ [VN]
 »The report underlines the importance of pre-school education.
  这份报告强调学前教育的重要性。
▪ [V wh-]
 »Her question underlined how little she understood him.
  她的问题表明她多么不了解他。
▪ [also V that]
bare / beə(r); NAmE ber /
◙ adj. (barer, bar∙est)
1. not covered by any clothes
• 裸体的；裸露的:
 »She likes to walk around in bare feet.
  她喜欢光着脚走来走去。
--› see also barefoot
2. (of trees or countryside 树木或村野) not covered with leaves; without plants or trees
• (树木)光秃秃的；(土地)荒芜的:
 »the bare branches of winter trees
  冬天树木光秃秃的枝桠
 »a bare mountainside
  光秃秃的山坡
3. (of surfaces 表面) not covered with or protected by anything
• 无遮盖的；没有保护的:
 »bare wooden floorboards
  未铺地毯的木地板
 »Bare wires were sticking out of the cable.
  电缆露出了裸线。
 »The walls were bare except for a clock.
  墙上除了一只挂钟什么也没有。
4. (of a room, cupboard, etc. 房间、柜子等) empty
• 空的:
 »The fridge was completely bare.
  电冰箱里什么也没有。
 »bare shelves
  空荡荡的架子
5. [only before noun] just enough; the most basic or simple
• 仅够的；最基本的；最简单的:
 »The family was short of even the bare necessities of life.
  那家人甚至没有最起码的生活所需。
 »We only had the bare essentials in the way of equipment.
  我们只有最基本的设备。
 »He did the bare minimum of work but still passed the exam.
  他只花了最少的工夫,却仍然通过了考试。
 »She gave me only the bare facts of the case.
  她只给我介绍了这个案件的一些基本资料。
 »It was the barest hint of a smile.
  那是一个几乎不露一丝痕迹的笑。
--› note at naked
--› note at plain
♦ bare∙ness noun [U]
【IDIOMS】
◘ the bare 'bones (of sth)
• the basic facts
• 梗概；概要:
 »the bare bones of the story
  故事梗概
◘ with your bare 'hands
• without weapons or tools
• 赤手空拳；徒手:
 »He was capable of killing a man with his bare hands.
  他赤手空拳就能取人性命。
◘ lay sth 'bare
•(formal) to show sth that was covered or to make sth known that was secret
• 暴露；揭露:
 »Every aspect of their private lives has been laid bare.
  他们的私生活全面曝光了。
--› more at cupboard
◙ verb [VN]
• to remove the covering from sth, especially from part of the body
• 揭开；脱(衣服):
 »She was paid several thousand dollars to bare all (= take all her clothes off) for the magazine.
  她获得数千美元报酬为那本杂志作全裸画页。
◘ bare your 'soul (to sb)
• to tell sb your deepest and most private feelings
• (向某人)打开心扉,倾诉衷肠
◘ bare your 'teeth
• to show your teeth in an aggressive and threatening way
• (凶狠地)龇牙咧嘴:
 »The dog bared its teeth and growled.
  那条狗龇牙咧嘴地低吼。
strike / straik /
◙ verb
(struck, struck / strʌk / )
›› Hɪð Sɑ / SðH 击打；碰撞
1. əʒŋ] (formal) to hit sb / sth hard or with force
• 撞；碰；撞击；碰撞:
 »The ship struck a rock.
  船触礁了。
 »The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.
  孩子跑到公路上给车撞了。
 »The tree was struck by lightning.
  树遭到雷击。
 »He fell, striking his head on the edge of the table.
  他摔倒了,头碰在桌棱上。
 »The stone struck her on the forehead.
  那块石头击中她的额头。
--› note at hit
2. (formal) to hit sb / sth with your hand or a weapon
• 打；击:
▪ [VN]
 »She struck him in the face.
  她掴了他一耳光。
 »He struck the table with his fist.
  他用拳头打桌子。
 »Who struck the first blow (= started the fight) ?
  是谁先动手的？
▪ [also VNN]
›› KICK / HIT BALL 踢/击球
3. [VN] (formal) to hit or kick a ball, etc.
• 击打,踢(球等):
 »He walked up to the penalty spot and struck the ball firmly into the back of the net.
  他走到罚球点,稳稳地把球踢入网内。
›› ATTACK 攻击
4. [V] to attack sb / sth, especially suddenly
• 突击；攻击:
 »The lion crouched ready to strike.
  狮子蹲身准备袭击。
 »Police fear that the killer may strike again.
  警方担心杀人犯可能再次下手。
›› OF DISASTER / DISEASE 灾难；疾病
5. to happen suddenly and have a harmful or damaging effect on sb / sth
• 侵袭；爆发:
▪ [V]
 »Two days later tragedy struck.
  两天后悲剧发生了。
▪ [VN]
 »The area was struck by an outbreak of cholera.
  那一地区爆发了霍乱。
›› THOUGHT / IDEA / IMPRESSION 想法；念头；印象
6. (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (of a thought or an idea 想法或念头) to come into sb's mind suddenly
• 突然想到；一下子想起；猛地意识到:
▪ [VN]
 »An awful thought has just struck me.
  刚才我脑子里突然闪过一个可怕的念头。
 »I was struck by her resemblance to my aunt.
  我猛然发现她长得跟我姑姑很像。
▪ [VN wh-]
 »It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.
  我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。
7. ~ sb (as sth) to give sb a particular impression
• 给(某人以…)印象；让(某人)觉得:
▪ [VN]
 »His reaction struck me as odd.
  他的反应令我诧异。
 »How does the idea strike you?
  你觉得这个主意怎么样？
 »She strikes me as a very efficient person.
  在我眼里,她是个很干练的人。
▪ [VN (that)]
 »It strikes me that nobody is really in favour of the changes.
  我觉得没人真正赞成这些变动。
›› OF LIGHT 光
8. [VN] to fall on a surface
• 照在…上；照射:
 »The windows sparkled as the sun struck the glass.
  阳光照得玻璃窗熠熠闪光。
›› DUMB / DEAF / BLIND 哑；聋；瞎
9. [VN-ADJ] [usually passive] to put sb suddenly into a particular state
• 顿时使处于某状态:
 »to be struck dumb / deaf / blind
  一时什么也说不出/听不见/看不见
›› OF WORKERS 工人
10. [V] ~ (for sth) to refuse to work as a protest
• 罢工:
 »The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%.
  工会投票决定罢工,要求加薪 6%。
 »Striking workers picketed the factory.
  罢工的工人在工厂附近设置了纠察队。
›› MATCH 火柴
11. to rub sth such as a match against a surface so that it produces a flame; to produce a flame when rubbed against a rough surface
• 擦,划(火柴)；击出(火星):
▪ [VN]
 »to strike a match on a wall
  在墙上擦火柴
 »The sword struck sparks off the stone floor.
  剑砍在石地上,火星飞溅。
▪ [V]
 »The matches were damp and he couldn't make them strike.
  火柴受潮了,他划不着。
›› OF CLOCK 钟
12. to show the time by making a ringing noise, etc.
• 敲；鸣；报时
【SYN】 chime :
▪ [V]
 »Did you hear the clock strike?
  你听见钟响了吗？
▪ [VN]
 »The clock has just struck three.
  时钟刚刚敲过三点。
›› MAKE SOUND 发出声音
13. [VN] to produce a musical note, sound, etc. by pressing a key or hitting sth
• 弹奏；奏响；发出(声音):
 »to strike a chord on the piano
  在钢琴上奏出和弦
›› GOLD / OIL, ETC. 金、石油等
14. [VN] to discover gold, oil, etc. by digging or drilling
• 开采出；钻探到:
 »They had struck oil!
  他们开采出了石油！
›› GO WITH PURPOSE 有目的地走
15. [V +adv. / prep.] ~ (off / out) to go somewhere with great energy or purpose
• 行进；加劲走:
 »We left the road and struck off across the fields.
  我们下了公路,穿过旷野往前走。
【IDIOMS】
◘ be 'struck by / on / with sb / sth
•(informal) to be impressed or interested by sb / sth; to like sb / sth very much
• 被某人(或某物)打动；迷恋某人(或某物):
 »I was struck by her youth and enthusiasm.
  她年轻热情,把我迷住了。
 »We're not very struck on that new restaurant.
  我们看不大上那家新餐馆。
◘ strike a 'balance (between A and B)
• to manage to find a way of being fair to two opposing things; to find an acceptable position which is between two things
• (在对立二者之间)找到折衷办法；平衡(对立的双方)
◘ strike a 'bargain / 'deal
• to make an agreement with sb in which both sides have an advantage
• 达成(对双方都有利的)协议
◘ strike a blow for / against / at sth
• to do sth in support of / against a belief, principle, etc.
• 维护(或损害)某种信念或原则等:
 »He felt that they had struck a blow for democracy.
  他感觉他们维护了民主制度。
◘ strike fear, etc. into sb / sb's heart
•(formal) to make sb be afraid, etc.
• 使某人感到恐惧等
◘ strike 'gold
• to find or do sth that brings you a lot of success or money
• 打开成功(或财富)之门；踏上通往成功(或财富)之路:
 »He has struck gold with his latest novel.
  他凭藉最新的一部小说叩开了成功之门。
◘ strike it 'rich
•(informal) to get a lot of money, especially suddenly or unexpectedly
• 暴富；(意外)发大财
◘ strike (it) 'lucky
•(informal) to have good luck
• 交好运
◘ strike a 'pose / an 'attitude
• to hold your body in a particular way to create a particular impression
• 摆出某种姿态
◘ strike while the iron is 'hot
•(saying) to make use of an opportunity immediately
• 趁热打铁
【ORIGIN】This expression refers to a blacksmith making a shoe for a horse. He has to strike / hammer the iron while it is hot enough to bend into the shape of the shoe.
• 原意是指打马掌的铁匠必须趁热打铁才能将其弯成马蹄形。

◘ within 'striking distance (of sth)
• near enough to be reached or attacked easily; near enough to reach or attack sth easily
• 近在咫尺；在攻击距离之内:
 »The beach is within striking distance.
  海滩近在咫尺。
 »The cat was now within striking distance of the duck.
  此时,猫就在可攻击鸭子的距离内。
--› more at chord , hard adj., home adv., lightning n., note n., pay dirt
【PHR V】
◘ 'strike at sb / sth
1. to try to hit sb / sth, especially with a weapon
• 朝…打去:
 »He struck at me repeatedly with a stick.
  他拿着棍子一再朝我打过来。
2. to cause damage or have a serious effect on sb / sth
• 损害；有损于；严重影响到:
 »to strike at the root of the problem
  铲除问题的根源
 »criticisms that strike at the heart of the party's policies
  直指该党政策之要害的批评意见
◘ ˌstrike 'back (at / against sb)
• to try to harm sb in return for an attack or injury you have received
• 反击；回击
◘ ˌstrike sb 'down əusually passive]
1. (of a disease, etc. 疾病等) to make sb unable to lead an active life; to make sb seriously ill; to kill sb
• 摧垮；使病倒；使丧命:
 »He was struck down by cancer at the age of thirty.
  他三十岁那年被癌症夺去了性命。
2. to hit sb very hard, so that they fall to the ground
• 击倒,撞倒(某人)
◘ ˌstrike sth∽'off
• to remove sth with a sharp blow; to cut sth off
• 打掉；砍掉；砍下:
 »He struck off the rotten branches with an axe.
  他用斧子把枯树枝砍掉。
◘ ˌstrike sb / sth 'off (sth)
• to remove sb / sth's name from sth, such as the list of members of a professional group
• 把某人(或某事物)除名:
 »Strike her name off the list.
  把她的名字从名单上勾掉。
 »The doctor was struck off (= not allowed to continue to work as a doctor) for incompetence.
  那名医生因不称职而遭取消了执业资格。
◘ ˌstrike 'out
1. to start being independent
• 独立出去；自立谋生:
 »I knew it was time I struck out on my own.
  我知道我该独立谋生了。
2. (NAmE, informal) to fail or be unsuccessful
• 失败；砸锅:
 »The movie struck out and didn't win a single Oscar.
  那部影片砸锅了,奥斯卡奖一项都没得着。
◘ ˌstrike 'out (at sb / sth)
1. to aim a sudden violent blow at sb / sth
• 挥拳猛击；猛打:
 »He lost his temper and struck out wildly.
  他发了脾气,大打出手。
2. to criticize sb / sth, especially in a public speech or in a book or newspaper
• (尤指公开)抨击:
 »In a recent article she strikes out at her critics.
  她最近写了一篇文章,对批评她的人予以驳斥。
◘ ˌstrike 'out ◘ | ˌstrike sb∽'out (in baseball 棒球)
• to fail to hit the ball three times and therefore not be allowed to continue hitting; to make sb do this
• (使)三击不中出局
--› related noun strikeout
◘ ˌstrike sth∽'out / 'through
• to remove sth by drawing a line through it
• 画掉；删去
【SYN】 cross out :
 »The editor struck out the whole paragraph.
  编辑把整段全部删去了。
◘ ˌstrike 'out (for / towards sth)
• to move in a determined way (towards sth)
• (奋力朝某处)去；赶往(某处):
 »He struck out (= started swimming) towards the shore.
  他朝岸边游去。
◘ ˌstrike 'up (with sth) ◘ | ˌstrike 'up sth (of a band, an orchestra , etc. 乐队等)
• to begin to play a piece of music
• 开始演奏:
 »The orchestra struck up and the curtain rose.
  管弦乐队奏起音乐,幕启。
 »The band struck up a waltz.
  乐队奏起一支华尔兹舞曲。
◘ ˌstrike 'up sth (with sb)
• to begin a friendship, a relationship, a conversation, etc.
• (和某人)建立友谊,开始来往,交谈起来:
 »He would often strike up conversations with complete strangers.
  他爱和根本不相识的人攀谈。
◙ noun
›› OF WORKERS 工人
1. a period of time when an organized group of employees of a company stops working because of a disagreement over pay or conditions
• 罢工；罢课；罢市:
 »the train drivers' strike
  火车司机罢工
 »a strike by teachers
  教师举行的罢课
 »an unofficial / a one-day strike
  未得到批准的/为期一天的罢工
 »Air traffic controllers are threatening to come out on / go on strike.
  空中交通管制员威胁要举行罢工。
 »Half the workforce are now (out) on strike.
  现在有半数职工罢工。
 »The train drivers have voted to take strike action.
  火车司机投票表决采取罢工行动。
 »The student union has called for a rent strike (= a refusal to pay rent as a protest).
  学生会呼吁拒缴房租。
--› see also general strike , hunger strike
›› ATTACK 攻击
2. a military attack, especially by aircraft dropping bombs
• 军事进攻；袭击；(尤指)空袭:
 »an air strike
  空袭
 »They decided to launch a pre-emptive strike.
  他们决定发动先发制人的攻击。
›› HITTING / KICKING 击；踢
3. [usually sing.] an act of hitting or kicking sth / sb
• 击；打；踢:
 »His spectacular strike in the second half made the score 2–0.
  他在下半场令人叹为观止的一脚射门把比分改写为 2:0。
--› see also bird strike , lightning
›› IN BASEBALL 棒球
4. an unsuccessful attempt to hit the ball
• 击球未中；击
›› IN BOWLING 保龄球
5. a situation in tenpin bowling when a player knocks down all the pins with the first ball
• 全中(第一球撞倒全部十柱球)
›› DISCOVERY OF OIL 石油的发现
6. [usually sing.] a sudden discovery of sth valuable, especially oil
• (珍贵东西的)意外发现；(尤指石油的)发现
›› BAD THING / ACTION 坏事；不利的行动
7. (NAmE) ~ (against sb / sth) a bad thing or action that damages sb / sth's reputation
• (有损声誉的)不利因素,打击:
 »The amount of fuel that this car uses is a big strike against it.
  耗油量大是这辆车的一大缺点。
◘ ˌthree strikes and you're 'out | ◘ the ˌthree 'strikes rule
• used to describe a law which says that people who commit three crimes will automatically go to prison
• 三振出局法(三次犯罪即入狱的法律)
【ORIGIN】From baseball, in which a batter who misses the ball three times is out.
• 源自棒球,击球手三次击球不中即出局。
hand∙writ∙ing / ˈhændraitiŋ /
◙ noun [U]
1. writing that is done with a pen or pencil, not printed or typed
• 手写；书写
2. a person's particular style of writing in this way
• 笔迹；书法:
 »I can't read his handwriting.
  我看不懂他写的字。
【IDIOMS】
◘ the ˌhandwriting on the 'wall
(NAmE) = see the writing on the wall at writing
wine / wain /
◙ noun
1. [U, C] an alcoholic drink made from the juice of grapes that has been left to ferment . There are many different kinds of wine.
• 葡萄酒:
 »a bottle of wine
  一瓶葡萄酒
 »a glass of dry / sweet wine
  一杯干/甜葡萄酒
 »red / rosé / white wine
  红/玫瑰红/白葡萄酒
 »sparkling wine
  汽酒
--› see also table wine
2. [U, C] an alcoholic drink made from plants or fruits other than grapes
• (用植物或除葡萄以外的水果酿制的)酒,果酒:
 »elderberry / rice wine
  接骨木果酒；米酒
3. [U] (also wine 'red) a dark red colour
• 紫红色；深红色
◙ verb
• 【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌwine and 'dine (sb)
• to go to restaurants, etc. and enjoy good food and drink; to entertain sb by buying them good food and drink
• (去餐馆等)大吃大喝；用酒宴款待:
 »The firm spent thousands wining and dining potential clients.
  这家公司成千上万地花费在大摆酒宴款待潜在的客户上。
fat / fæt /
◙ adj. (fat∙ter, fat∙test)
1. (of a person's or an animal's body 人或动物的身体) having too much flesh on it and weighing too much
• 肥的；肥胖的:
 »a big fat man / woman
  大胖男人/女人
 »You'll get fat if you eat so much chocolate.
  你如果吃这么多巧克力就会发胖的。
 »He grew fatter and fatter.
  他愈来愈胖了。
 »fat flabby legs
  肥胖松弛的双腿
【OPP】 thin
2. thick or wide
• 厚的；宽大的:
 »a fat volume on American history
  厚厚的一册美国史
3. [only before noun] (informal) large in quantity; worth a lot of money
• 大量的；值钱的:
 »a fat sum / profit
  一大笔款子；丰厚的利润
 »He gave me a nice fat cheque.
  他给了我一张大额支票。
♦ fat∙ness noun [U] :
 »Fatness tends to run in families.
  肥胖往往有遗传性。
【IDIOMS】
◘ (a) fat 'chance (of sth / doing sth)
• (informal) used for saying that you do not believe sth is likely to happen
• 不大可能发生:
 »'They might let us in without tickets.' 'Fat chance of that!'
  "他们也许会让我们免票入场。" "别痴心妄想了！"
◘ a fat lot of good, use, etc.
•(informal) not at all good or useful
• 差极了；毫无用处:
 »Paul can't drive so he was a fat lot of use when I broke my arm.
  保罗不会开车,所以我手臂骨折时他一点忙也没帮上。
◘ it's not ˌover until the fat lady 'sings
• (saying) used for saying that a situation may still change, for example that a contest, election, etc. is not finished yet, and sb still has a chance to win it
• 最后才能见输赢；不到最后,结果难料
◙ noun
1. [U] a white or yellow substance in the bodies of animals and humans, stored under the skin
• 脂肪；肥肉:
 »excess body fat
  多余的体内脂肪
 »This ham has too much fat on it.
  这块火腿肥肉太多。
2. [C, U] a solid or liquid substance from animals or plants, treated so that it becomes pure for use in cooking
• (烹调用的)动植物油:
 »Cook the meat in shallow fat.
  用少许油煎肉。
3. [C, U] animal and vegetable fats, when you are thinking of them as part of what a person eats
• (人体摄入的动植物)脂肪:
 »You should cut down on fats and carbohydrates.
  你应该减少摄入脂肪和碳水化合物。
 »foods which are low in fat
  低脂肪食物
 »reduced-fat margarines
  低脂人造黄油
--› more at chew v., live ¹
【word family】
fat adj.
fatty adj.
fatten v.
fattening adj.
calf / kɑ:f; NAmE kæf /
◙ noun (pl. calves / kɑ:vz; NAmE kævz / )
1. əɔ] the back part of the leg between the ankle and the knee
• 腓；小腿肚:
 »I've torn a calf muscle.
  我拉伤了小腿肌肉。
2. [C] a young cow
• 小牛；牛犊
3. [C] a young animal of some other type such as a young elephant or whale
• (象、鲸等的)崽,幼兽
4. [U] = calfskin
【IDIOMS】
◘ in / with 'calf
(of a cow 母牛)
• pregnant
• 怀崽的
penny / ˈpeni /
◙ noun
(pl. pen∙nies or
• pence)
【HELP】In senses 1 and 2, pennies is used to refer to the coins, and pence to refer to an amount of money. In sense 3, the plural is pennies.
• 在第 1 及第 2 义中,pennies 指硬币,pence 指款额。在第 3 义中,复数形式为 pennies。
1. (abbr. p) a small British coin and unit of money. There are 100 pence in six pound (£1).
• 便士(英国的小硬币和货币单位,1 英镑为 100 便士):
 »He had a few pennies in his pocket.
  他口袋里有几个便士的硬币。
 »That will be 45 pence, please.
  一共是 45 便士。
 »They cost 20p each.
  这些东西每个要 20 便士。
2. (abbr. d) a British coin in use until 1971. There were twelve pennies in one shilling .
• 便士(英国 1971 年前使用的硬币,十二便士为一先令)
3. (NAmE) a cent
• 分
【IDIOMS】
◘ ˌevery 'penny
• all of the money
• 所有的钱；每一分钱:
 »We collected £700 and every penny went to charity.
  我们募集了 700 英镑,悉数捐给了慈善事业。
◘ ˌin for a 'penny, ˌin for a 'pound
• (BrE, saying) used to say that since you have started to do sth, it is worth spending as much time or money as you need to in order to complete it
• 一不做,二不休；有始有终
◘ not a 'penny
• no money at all
• 分文没有；根本不用钱:
 »It didn't cost a penny.
  那东西没花一分钱。
◘ the 'penny drops
•(informal, especially BrE) used to say that sb has finally understood or realized sth that they had not understood or realized before
• 恍然大悟；终于明白；茅塞顿开
◘ a ˌpenny for your 'thoughts | ◘ a penny for them
• (saying) used to ask sb what they are thinking about
• (用于询问别人想什么)你在呆呆地寻思什么呢
◘ turn up like a bad 'penny
•(informal) (of a person 人) to appear when they are not welcome or not wanted, especially when this happens regularly
• (不愿碰上的)却总出现；冤家路窄
◘ ˌtwo / ˌten a 'penny
(BrE) (NAmE a ˌdime a 'dozen)
• very common and therefore not valuable
• 普通得不值钱；(因常见而)价值低
--› more at pinch v., pretty adj., spend v.
reap / ri:p /
◙ verb
1. [VN] to obtain sth, especially sth good, as a direct result of sth that you have done
• 取得(成果)；收获:
 »They are now reaping the rewards of all their hard work.
  现在,他们的全部辛劳都得到了回报。
2. [V , VN] to cut and collect a crop, especially wheat , from a field
• 收割(庄稼)；收获
【SYN】 harvest
【IDIOMS】
◘ reap a / the 'harvest
(BrE)
• to benefit or suffer as a direct result of sth that you have done
• 享受成果；承担后果；种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆
◘ you ˌreap what you 'sow
•(saying) you have to deal with the bad effects or results of sth that you originally started
• 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆
sow¹ / səu; NAme sou /
◙ verb --› see also sow ² (sowed, sown / səun; NAme soun / or sowed, sowed)
1. ~ sth (in / on sth) | ~ sth (with sth) to plant or spread seeds in or on the ground
• 播种；种:
▪ [VN]
 »Sow the seeds in rows.
  一壠一壠地播种。
 »The fields around had been sown with wheat.
  近处的地里种上了小麦。
▪ [V]
 »Water well after sowing.
  播种后要浇足水。
2. [VN] ~ sth (in sth) to introduce or spread feelings or ideas, especially ones that cause trouble
• 灌输；激起；散布；煽动:
 »to sow doubt in sb's mind
  使某人心怀疑虑
 »to sow confusion
  制造混乱
【IDIOMS】
◘ sow the seeds of sth
• to start the process that leads to a particular situation or result
• 成为…的肇端；播下…的种子
◘ sow (your) wild 'oats
(of young men 青年男子)
• to go through a period of wild behaviour while young, especially having a lot of romantic or sexual relationships
• 过放荡不羁的生活
--› more at reap
◙ sow² / sau / noun
• a female pig
• 母猪
--› compare boar , hog n.
--› see also sow ¹
 Idioms 
--› see silk
ripen / ˈraipən /
◙ verb [V , VN]
• to become ripe ; to make sth ripe
• (使)成熟
thor∙ough / ˈθʌrə; NAme ˈθə:rou /
◙ adj.
1. done completely; with great attention to detail
• 彻底的；完全的；深入的；细致的:
 »a thorough knowledge of the subject
  对这一学科的透彻了解
 »The police carried out a thorough investigation.
  警方展开了全面的调查。
2. [not usually before noun] (of a person 人) doing things very carefully and with great attention to detail
• 仔细周到；工作缜密:
 »She's very thorough and conscientious.
  她勤勤恳恳,一丝不苟。
3. (BrE, informal) used to emphasize how bad or annoying sb / sth is
• 十足的；彻头彻尾的；完完全全的
【SYN】 complete :
 »Everything was in a thorough mess.
  一切都是乱七八糟的。
♦ thor∙ough∙ness noun [U] :
 »I was impressed by the thoroughness of the report.
  那份报告全面深入,给我留下了深刻的印象。
 »I admire his thoroughness.
  我钦佩他办事认真仔细。
deli∙cate / ˈdelikət /
◙ adj.
1. easily damaged or broken
• 易损的；易碎的；脆弱的
【SYN】 fragile :
 »delicate china teacups
  易碎的瓷茶杯
 »The eye is six of the most delicate organs of the body.
  眼睛是人体最娇贵的器官之一。
 »the delicate ecological balance of the rainforest
  热带雨林极易被破坏的生态平衡
 »Babies have very delicate skin.
  婴儿的皮肤非常娇嫩。
 »a cool wash cycle for delicate fabrics
  精细织物冷洗循环
2. (of a person 人) not strong and easily becoming ill / sick
• 虚弱的；纤弱的:
 »a delicate child / constitution
  纤弱的孩子/体质
3. small and having a beautiful shape or appearance
• 纤细的；微小的；精美的；小巧玲珑的:
 »his delicate hands
  他纤细的手
4. made or formed in a very careful and detailed way
• 精致的；精细的；精密的:
 »the delicate mechanisms of a clock
  钟的精密机件
5. showing or needing skilful, careful or sensitive treatment
• 熟练的；需要技巧的；需要小心处理的；微妙的:
 »I admired your delicate handling of the situation.
  我赞赏你应付这种局面的嫺熟技巧。
 »a delicate problem
  微妙的问题
 »The delicate surgical operation took nine hours.
  这精细的外科手术花了五个小时。
6. (of colours, flavours and smells 颜色、味道、气味) light and pleasant; not strong
• 柔和的；清淡可口的；清香的
【SYN】 subtle :
 »a delicate fragrance / flavour
  清新的芳香；鲜美的味道
 »a river scene painted in delicate watercolours
  用柔和的水彩画的河景
♦ deli∙cate∙ly adv.:
 »He stepped delicately over the broken glass.
  他小心翼翼地跨过碎玻璃。
 »delicately balanced flavours
  精心调配的味道
◙ verb [VN]
• to kill sb by putting a burning car tyre around their neck
• 给(某人)戴火项链(将燃烧的轮胎挂在脖子上将其杀死)
♦ neck∙lacing noun [U]
buf∙falo / ˈbʌfələu; NAmE -lou /
◙ noun (pl. buf∙falo or buf∙faloes)
1. a large animal of the cow family. There are ten types of buffalo, the African and the Asian, which has wide, curved horns.
• 水牛(分非洲水牛和亚洲水牛两种)
--› see also water buffalo
2. = bison
bur∙den / ˈbə:dn; NAmE ˈbə:rdn /
◙ noun
1. the ~ (of sth) | a ~ (on / to sb) a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work
• (义务、责任等的)重担,负担:
 »to bear / carry / ease / reduce / share the burden
  承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担
 »The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state.
  国家担负起了照料老人的大部份责任。
 »the heavy tax burden on working people
  加在劳动者头上的重税
 »I don't want to become a burden to my children when I'm old.
  我不想在年老的时候成为孩子们的累赘。
2. (formal) a heavy load that is difficult to carry
• 重担；重负
--› see also beast of burden
◙ verb [VN]
1. ~ sb / yourself (with sth) to give sb a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work
• (使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等):
 »They have burdened themselves with a high mortgage.
  他们负担了一笔很高的按揭借款。
 »I don't want to burden you with my worries.
  我不想让你为我的烦恼操心。
 »to be burdened by high taxation
  不堪重税负荷
【OPP】 unburden
2. be burdened with sth to be carrying sth heavy
• 负重:
 »She got off the bus, burdened with ten heavy suitcases.
  她提着两只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽车。
priest / pri:st /
◙ noun
1. a person who is qualified to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox Churches
• (天主教、圣公会、东正教的)司祭,神父,司铎:
 »a parish priest
  堂区司铎
 »the ordination of women priests
  女司祭的授职礼
--› compare chaplain , clergyman , minister , vicar
2. (feminine priest∙ess / ˈpri:stes / ) a person who performs religious ceremonies in some religions that are not ɔhristian
• (非基督教会的)教士,祭司,僧侣
prov∙erb / ˈprɔvə:b; NAme ˈprɑ:və:rb /
◙ noun
• a well-known phrase or sentence that gives advice or says sth that is generally true, for example 'Waste not, want not'.
• 谚语；格言
worm / wə:m; NAme wə:rm /
◙ noun
1. [C] a long thin creature with no bones or legs, that lives in soil
• 蠕虫:
 »birds looking for worms
  觅食蠕虫的鸟
--› see also earthworm , lugworm
2. worms [pl.] long thin creatures that live inside the bodies of humans or animals and can cause illness
• (人或动物体内的)寄生虫；肠虫:
 »The dog has worms.
  这条狗体内有寄生虫。
--› see also hookworm , tapeworm
3. [C] the young form of an insect when it looks like a short worm
• (昆虫的)幼虫:
 »This apple is full of worms.
  这个苹果生满了虫子。
--› see also glow-worm , silkworm , woodworm
4. [C] (computing 计) a computer program that is a type of virus and that spreads across a network by copying itself
• 蠕虫；蠕虫程序；蠕虫病毒
5. [C, usually sing.] (informal, disapproving) a person you do not like or respect, especially because they have a weak character and do not behave well towards other people
• 懦夫；可怜虫
【IDIOMS】
◘ the ˌworm will 'turn
•(saying) a person who is normally quiet and does not complain will protest when the situation becomes too hard to bear
• 老实人被逼急了也要反抗；兔子急了也咬人
--› more at can ² n., early adj.
◙ verb [VN]
1. [+adv. / prep.] ~ your way to use a twisting and turning movement, especially to move through a narrow or crowded place
• 蠕动,曲折行进(尤指通过狭窄或拥挤的地方):
 »She wormed her way through the crowd to the reception desk.
  她在人群中左拐右绕走到服务枱。
2. to give an animal medicine that makes worms pass out of its body in the faeces
• 给(动物)驱肠虫
【PHR V】
◘ ˌworm your way / yourself 'into sth (disapproving)
• to make sb like you or trust you, in order to gain some advantage for yourself
• 赢得欢心,骗取信任(以获利)
【SYN】 insinuate yourself :
 »He managed to worm his way into her life.
  他设法骗取信任进入了她的生活。
◘ ˌworm sth 'out of sb (informal)
• to make sb tell you sth, by asking them questions in a clever way for a long period of time
• (慢慢地)从某人处套出话来；不断套问:
 »We eventually wormed the secret out of her.
  我们最后从她口里探听出了秘密。
fre∙quent∙ly / ˈfri:kwəntli /
◙ adv.
• often
• 频繁地；经常:
 »Buses run frequently between the city and the airport.
  公共汽车频繁地来往于市区与机场之间。
 »some of the most frequently asked questions about the Internet
  有关互联网的最常见的提问
【OPP】 infrequently
short∙en / ˈʃɔ:tn; NAme ˈʃɔ:rtn /
◙ verb
• ~ (sth to sth) to make sth shorter; to become shorter
• (使)变短,缩短:
▪ [VN]
 »Injury problems could shorten his career.
  受伤的问题有可能缩短他的职业生涯。
 »a shortened version of the game
  简化了的比赛
 »Her name's Katherine, generally shortened to Kay.
  她名叫凯瑟琳,通常简称凯。
▪ [V]
 »In November the temperatures drop and the days shorten.
  十一月气温下降,白天变短。
【OPP】 lengthen
hay / hei /
◙ noun [U]
1. grass that has been cut and dried and is used as food for animals
• (用作饲料的)干草,草料:
 »a bale of hay
  一大捆干草
--› compare straw
2. (NAmE, informal) a small amount of money
• 少量的钱
【IDIOMS】
◘ make hay while the 'sun shines
•(saying) to make good use of opportunities, good conditions, etc. while they last
• 趁有太阳时晒干草；抓紧时机；打铁趁热
--› more at hit v., roll n.
bishop / ˈbiʃəp /
◙ noun
1. a senior priest in charge of the work of the Church in a city or district
• 主教:
 »the Bishop of Oxford
  牛津区主教
 »Bishop Harries
  哈里斯主教
--› see also archbishop
2. a piece used in the game of chess that is shaped like a bishop's hat and can move any number of squares in a diagonal line
• (国际象棋中的)象； (西洋棋中的)主教
tur∙key / ˈtə:ki; NAme ˈtə:rki /
◙ noun (pl. -eys)
1. [C] a large bird that is often kept for its meat, eaten especially at Christmas in Britain and at Thanksgiving in the US
• 吐绶鸡；火鸡
2. [U] meat from a turkey
• 火鸡肉:
 »roast turkey
  烤火鸡肉
3. [C] (NAmE, informal) a failure
• 失败:
 »His latest movie is a real turkey.
  他最近的那部电影是一大败笔。
4. [C] (NAmE, informal) a stupid or useless person
• 笨蛋；草包
--› see also cold turkey
【IDIOMS】
--› see talk v.
saint / seint or, in ɑritish use before names, snt /
◙ noun
1. (abbr. S, St) a person that the Christian Church recognizes as being very holy, because of the way they have lived or died
• (因其生死言行而被基督教会追封的)圣人,圣徒:
 »St John
  圣约翰
 »St Valentine's Day
  圣瓦伦廷节(情人节)
 »The children were all named after saints.
  这些孩子都取了圣徒的名字。
--› see also patron saint
2. a very good, kind or patient person
• 圣人般的人(指特别善良、仁爱或有耐性的人):
 »She's a saint to go on living with that man.
  能继续和那个男人一起生活,她简直是圣人。
 »His behaviour would try the patience of a saint.
  他的行为就是再有修养的人也难以忍受。
♦ saint∙hood noun [U]
butcher / ˈbutʃə(r) /
◙ noun
1. a person whose job is cutting up and selling meat in a shop / store or killing animals for this purpose
• 屠夫；肉贩
2. butcher's (pl. butchers) a shop / store that sells meat
• 肉店；肉铺:
 »He owns the butcher's in the main street.
  他在大街上开了一家肉铺。
3. a person who kills people in a cruel and violent way
• 刽子手
【IDIOMS】
◘ have / take a 'butcher's
(BrE, slang)
• to have a look at sth
• 观看
【ORIGIN】From rhyming slang, in which butcher's hook stands for 'look'.
• 源自同韵俚语,其中的 butcher's hook 代表 look。
◙ verb [VN]
1. to kill people in a very cruel and violent way
• 屠杀；杀戮
2. to kill animals and cut them up for use as meat
• 屠宰；宰杀
3. (especially NAmE) to spoil sth by doing it very badly
• 弄砸；糟蹋:
 »The script was good, but those guys butchered it.
  剧本很好,但让那帮家伙给演砸了。
per∙fume / ˈpə:fju:m; NAme pərˈfju:m /
◙ noun [C, U]
1. a liquid, often made from flowers, that you put on your skin to make yourself smell nice
• 香水:
 »a bottle of expensive perfume
  一瓶昂贵的香水
 »We stock a wide range of perfumes.
  我们备有各种各样的香水。
 »the perfume counter of the store
  商店的香水柜枱
2. a pleasant, often sweet, smell
• 芳香；香味；馨香
【SYN】 scent :
 »the heady perfume of the roses
  玫瑰扑鼻的香味儿
◙ verb [VN] [often passive] ~ sth (with sth)
1. (literary) (especially of flowers 尤指花) to make the air in a place smell pleasant
• 使香气弥漫
【SYN】 scent :
 »The garden was perfumed with the smell of roses.
  花园里弥漫着玫瑰的芳香。
2. to put perfume in or on sth
• 在…上撒香水；抹香水:
 »She perfumed her bath with fragrant oils.
  她沐浴时在浴缸内洒了些芳香油。
♦ per∙fumed adj.:
 »perfumed soap
  香皂
stock∙ing / ˈstɔkiŋ; NAme ˈstɑ:k- /
◙ noun
1. either of a pair of thin pieces of clothing that fit closely over a woman's legs and feet
• 长筒女袜:
 »a pair of silk stockings
  一双长筒丝袜
--› compare tights (1)
--› see also body stocking
2. = Christmas stocking
【IDIOMS】
◘ in your ˌstocking(ed) 'feet
• wearing socks or stockings but not shoes
• 只穿袜不穿鞋
fire∙place / ˈfaiəpleis; NAmE ˈfaiərp- /
◙ noun
• an open space for a fire in the wall of a room
• 壁炉
mous∙tache / məˈstɑ:ʃ / (BrE) (NAmE mus∙tache / ˈmʌstæʃ; məˈstæʃ / )
◙ noun
1. a line of hair that a man allows to grow on his upper lip
• 上唇的胡子；髭
2. moustaches [pl.] a very long moustache
• 长髭
--› compare beard n.
stout / staut /
◙ adj. (stout∙er, stout∙est)
1. (of a person 人) rather fat
• 肥胖的；肥壮的
【SYN】 plump
2. [usually before noun] strong and thick
• 粗壮结实的；厚实牢固的:
 »a stout pair of shoes
  一双厚实耐穿的鞋
3. [usually before noun] (formal) brave and determined
• 顽强的；坚毅的；不屈不挠的:
 »He put up a stout defence in court.
  他在法庭上进行了顽强的辩护。
♦ stout∙ly adv.:
 »He was tall and stoutly built.
  他长得五大三粗的。
 »'I disagree,' said Polly stoutly.
  "我不同意。"波利拒不妥协地说。
♦ stout∙ness noun [U]
◙ noun [U, C]
• strong dark beer made with malt or barley
• 烈性黑啤酒
belly / ˈbeli /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. the part of the body below the chest
• 腹部；肚子
【SYN】 stomach , gut :
 »They crawled along on their bellies.
  他们匍匐前进。
--› see also beer belly , pot belly
2. (literary) the round or curved part of an object
• (物体的)圆形或凸起部份:
 »the belly of a ship
  船腹
3. -bellied (in adjectives 构成形容词) having the type of belly mentioned
• 腹部…形的:
 »swollen-bellied
  腹部肿胀的
 »round-bellied
  肚子圆圆的
【IDIOMS】
◘ go belly 'up
•(informal) to fail completely
• 彻底失败；垮掉；完蛋:
 »Last year the business went belly up after one of the partners resigned.
  去年一位合伙人退出后,这家企业就垮掉了。
◙ verb
(bel∙lies, belly∙ing, bel∙lied, bel∙lied)
• [V] ~ (out) (especially of sails 尤指船帆) to fill with air and become rounder
• 张满；鼓起
neat / ni:t /
◙ adj. (neat∙er, neat∙est)
1. tidy and in order; carefully done or arranged
• 整洁的；整齐的；有序的:
 »a neat desk
  整洁的课桌
 »neat handwriting
  工整的笔迹
 »neat rows of books
  一排排整齐的书
 »She was wearing a neat black suit.
  她穿着整洁的黑色礼服。
 »They sat in her neat and tidy kitchen.
  他们坐在她那干净整齐的厨房里。
2. (of people 人) liking to keep things tidy and in order; looking tidy or doing things in a tidy way
• 有条理的；爱整洁的:
 »Try and be neater!
  干净利落点！
3. small, with a pleasing shape or appearance
• 小巧优雅的
【SYN】 trim :
 »her neat figure
  她那娇小玲珑的身材
4. simple but clever
• 简洁的；睿智的；灵巧的:
 »a neat explanation
  简明的解释
 »a neat solution to the problem
  解决这个问题的捷径
5. (NAmE, informal) good; excellent
• 好的；极好的:
 »It's a really neat movie.
  这真是一部极好的电影。
 »We had a great time—it was pretty neat.
  我们玩得很痛快——棒极了。
6. (BrE) (NAmE straight) (especially of alcoholic drinks 尤指酒) not mixed with water or anything else
• 未掺水的；纯的:
 »neat whisky
  纯威士忌酒
♦ neat∙ly adv.:
 »neatly folded clothes
  摺叠整齐的衣服
 »The box fitted neatly into the drawer.
  这盒子放在抽屉里正合适。
 »She summarized her plan very neatly.
  她非常简明地总结了她的计划。
♦ neat∙ness noun [U]
wool∙len (BrE) (NAmE wool∙en) / ˈwulən /
◙ adj.
1. [usually before noun] made of wool
• 毛纺的；羊毛的；毛料的；毛线的:
 »a woollen blanket
  毛毯
 »woollen cloth
  毛料
2. [only before noun] involved in making cloth from wool
• 毛纺的；毛纺织业的:
 »the woollen industry
  毛纺业
belt / belt /
◙ noun
1. a long narrow piece of leather, cloth, etc. that you wear around the waist
• 腰带；皮带:
 »to do up / fasten / tighten a belt
  系上/扎牢/扎紧腰带
 »a belt buckle
  腰带扣
--› see also black belt , lifebelt , seat belt , suspender belt
2. a continuous band of material that moves round and is used to carry things along or to drive machinery
• 传送带；传动带
--› see also conveyor belt , fan belt
3. an area with particular characteristics or where a particular group of people live
• 地带；地区:
 »the country's corn / industrial belt
  这个国家的产粮区/工业区
 »We live in the commuter belt.
  我们住在通勤者居住带。
 »a belt of rain moving across the country
  横穿这个国家的降雨带
--› see also green belt
4. (informal) an act of hitting sth / sb hard
• 狠打；猛击:
 »She gave the ball a terrific belt.
  她猛击了一下球。
【IDIOMS】
◘ below the 'belt
(of a remark 说话)
• unfair or cruel
• 不公正的；伤人的:
 »That was distinctly below the belt!
  那显然是不公正的！
◘ ˌbelt and 'braces
•(informal) taking more actions than are really necessary to make sure that sth succeeds or works as it should
• 双管齐下；多重保障:
 »a belt-and-braces policy
  稳妥可靠的政策
◘ have sth under your 'belt
•(informal) to have already achieved or obtained sth
• 已经获得某物:
 »She already has a couple of good wins under her belt.
  她已将两项冠军收入囊中。
--› more at tighten
◙ verb
1. [VN] (informal) to hit sb / sth hard
• 猛击；狠打:
 »He belted the ball right out of the park.
  他用力一击,球迳直飞出了球场外。
 »I'll belt you if you do that again.
  你要是再这样,我就揍你。
2. [V +adv. / prep.] (informal, especially BrE) to move very fast
• 飞奔；飞驰
【SYN】 tear :
 »A truck came belting up behind us.
  一辆货车从我们后方飞驰而来。
3. [VN] to fasten a belt around sth
• 绕着系上带子:
 »The dress was belted at the waist.
  那件连衣裙的裙腰束着条带子。
【PHR V】
◘ ˌbelt sth∽'out (informal)
• to sing a song or play music loudly
• 高声唱歌(或奏乐)
◘ ˌbelt 'up (BrE)
1. (NAmE ˌbuckle 'up) (informal) to fasten your seat belt (= a belt worn by a passenger in a vehicle)
• 系上安全带
2. (informal) used to tell sb rudely to be quiet
• 住口；闭嘴
【SYN】 shut up :
 »Just belt up, will you!
  你安静点行不行！
elf / elf /
◙ noun (pl. elves / elvz / )
• (in stories) a creature like a small person with pointed ears, who has magic powers
• (故事中的)精灵,小妖精
ELF / elf /
◙ abbr.
• (linguistics 语言) English as a lingua franca
• 作为共同语言的英语；通用英语
rein∙deer / ˈreindiə(r); NAme -dir /
◙ noun (pl. rein∙deer, rein∙deers)
• a large deer with long antlers (= horns shaped like branches), that lives in cold northern regions
• 驯鹿:
 »herds of reindeer
  驯鹿群
de∙liver / diˈlivə(r) /
◙ verb
›› TAKE GOODS / LETTERS 送货/信
1. ~ (sth) (to sb / sth) to take goods, letters, etc. to the person or people they have been sent to; to take sb somewhere
• 递送；传送；交付；运载:
▪ [VN]
 »Leaflets have been delivered to every household.
  传单已发送到每家每户。
 »Do you have your milk delivered?
  你的牛奶是让别人送吗？
▪ [V]
 »We promise to deliver within 48 hours.
  我们承诺在 48 小时内送到。
›› GIVE SPEECH 发表演说
2. [VN] to give a speech, talk, etc. or other official statement
• 发表；宣布；发布:
 »She is due to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering.
  根据安排她要作一个关于遗传工程的演讲。
 »He delivered his lines confidently.
  他沉着地说了他的台词。
 »The jury finally delivered its verdict.
  陪审团终于宣布了裁决。
›› KEEP PROMISE 履行诺言
3. ~ (on sth) to do what you promised to do or what you are expected to do; to produce or provide what people expect you to
• 履行诺言；不负所望；兑现:
▪ [V]
 »He has promised to finish the job by June and I am sure he will deliver.
  他答应在六月底完成这项工作,我相信他会履行诺言。
 »She always delivers on her promises.
  她总是信守诺言。
▪ [VN]
 »If you can't deliver improved sales figures, you're fired.
  如果你不能按照要求提高销售额,就会被解雇。
 »The team delivered a stunning victory last night.
  昨晚这个队不负众望,大获全胜。
›› GIVE TO SB'S CONTROL 交某人控制
4. [VN] ~ sb / sth (up / over) (to sb) (formal) to give sb / sth to sb else so that they are under this person's control
• 交出；交付；移交:
 »They delivered their prisoner over to the invading army.
  他们把俘虏交给了侵略军。
›› BABY 婴儿
5. [VN] ~ a baby to help a woman to give birth to a baby
• 助产；接生:
 »The baby was delivered by Caesarean section.
  这个婴儿是剖腹产下的。
6. [VN] be delivered of a baby (formal) to give birth to a baby
• 分娩；生孩子:
 »She was delivered of a healthy boy.
  她生下一个健康的男孩儿。
›› THROW 投掷
7. [VN] to throw or aim sth
• 投掷；把…瞄准；用…对准:
 »He delivered the blow (= hit sb hard) with all his force.
  他打这一下使出了全身的力气。
›› RESCUE 解救
8. [VN] ~ sb (from sth) (old use) to rescue sb from sth bad
• 解救；拯救；使摆脱
【SYN】 save
【IDIOMS】
--› see goods , sign v.
eve / i:v /
◙ noun
1. the day or evening before an event, especially a religious festival or holiday
• (尤指宗教节假日的)前夜,前夕:
 »Christmas Eve (= 24 December)
  圣诞前夕(12 月 24 日)
 »a New Year's Eve party (= on 31 December)
  除夕晚会
 »on the eve of the election
  在选举前夕
2. (old use or literary) evening
• 傍晚；黄昏
ˌɔhristmas 'əve
◙ noun [U, C]
• the day before Christmas Day, 24 December; the evening of this day
• 圣诞节前一天(12 月 24 日)；圣诞夜,平安夜(12 月 24 日晚)
ray / rei /
◙ noun
1. a narrow line of light, heat or other energy
• 光线；(热或其他能量的)射线:
 »the sun's rays
  太阳的光线
 »ultraviolet rays
  紫外线
 »The windows were shining in the reflected rays of the setting sun.
  窗户上闪耀着落日的余晖。
--› see also cosmic rays , gamma rays at gamma radiation , X-ray
2. ~ of sth a small amount of sth good or of sth that you are hoping for
• (好事或所希望事物的)一点,少量
【SYN】 glimmer :
 »There was just one small ray of hope.
  只有一线希望。
3. a sea fish with a large broad flat body and a long tail, that is used for food
• 魟,鳐(扁体长尾,可食用)
4. (also re) (music 音) the second note of a major scale
• 大调音阶的第 2 音
【IDIOMS】
◘ a ˌray of 'sunshine
•(informal) a person or thing that makes life brighter or more cheerful
• 给人带来快乐的人(或事物)
◘ catch / get / grab some 'rays
•(informal) to sit or lie in the sun, especially in order to get a suntan
• 晒太阳；沐日光浴
Bud∙dha / ˈbudə /
◙ noun
1. (also the Buddha) the person on whose teachings the Buddhist religion is based
• 佛陀(佛教创始人)
2. [C] a statue or picture of the Buddha
• 佛像
3. [C] a person who has achieved enlightenment (= spiritual knowledge) in Buddhism
• 佛,觉者,知者(佛教中觉行圆满的人)
monk / mʌŋk /
◙ noun
• a member of a religious group of men who often live apart from other people in a monastery and who do not marry or have personal possessions
• 僧侣；修道士:
 »Benedictine / Buddhist monks
  本笃会修士；佛教僧侣
--› compare friar , nun
--› see also monkish
read∙ing / ˈri:diŋ /
◙ noun
›› ACTIVITY 活动
1. [U] the activity of sb who reads
• 阅读；读书活动:
 »My hobbies include reading and painting.
  我的业余爱好包括读书和绘画。
 »He needs more help with his reading.
  他在阅读方面需要更多的帮助。
 »Are you any good at map reading?
  你会看地图吗？
 »reading glasses (= worn when reading)
  读书用的眼镜
 »a reading lamp / light (= six that can be moved to shine light onto sth that you are reading)
  供阅读用的灯
2. [sing.] an act of reading sth
• 阅读；宣读:
 »A closer (= more detailed) reading of the text reveals just how desperate he was feeling.
  细读此文就会看出他当时感到多么绝望。
›› BOOKS / ARTICLES 书；文章
3. [U] books, articles, etc. that are intended to be read
• 读本；读物；阅读材料:
 »reading matter / material
  阅读材料
 »a series of reading books for children
  一套儿童读物
 »a reading list (= a list of books, etc. that students are expected to read for a particular subject)
  阅读书目
 »further reading (= at the end of a book, a list of other books that give more information about the same subject)
  其他阅读参考材料
 »The report makes for interesting reading (= it is interesting to read).
  这篇报道读起来很有意思。
 »The article is not exactly light reading (= it is not easy to read).
  这篇文章读起来并不轻松。
›› WAY OF UNDERSTANDING 理解方法
4. [C] ~ (of sth) the particular way in which you understand a book, situation, etc.
• 理解方法；解读方法
【SYN】 interpretation :
 »a literal reading of the text
  对文本的字面理解
 »My own reading of events is less optimistic.
  我本人对事态的看法不怎么乐观。
›› MEASUREMENT 度量
5. [C] the amount or number shown on an instrument used for measuring sth
• (仪表的)读数:
 »Meter readings are taken every seven months.
  每三个月查一次表。
›› EVENT 活动
6. [C] an event at which sth is read to an audience for entertainment; a piece of literature that is read at such an event
• 读书会；朗诵会；朗诵的作品:
 »a poetry reading
  诗歌朗诵会
 »The evening ended with a reading from her latest novel.
  晚会最后朗诵了一段她的最新小说。
›› FROM BIBLE 《圣经》
7. [C] a short section from the Bible that is read to people as part of a religious service
• (在礼拜仪式中朗读的)《圣经》章节:
 »The reading today is from the Book of Daniel.
  今天朗读的经文选自《但以理书》。
›› IN PARLIAMENT 议会
8. [C] one of the stages during which a bill (= a proposal for a new law) must be discussed and accepted by a parliament before it can become law
• 议案宣读(法案在成为法律前须经议会讨论通过的步骤)
image / ˈimidʒ /
◙ noun
1. [C, U] the impression that a person, an organization or a product, etc. gives to the public
• 形象；印象；声誉:
 »His public image is very different from the real person.
  他在公众心目中的形象与他真实的本人截然不同。
 »The advertisements are intended to improve the company's image.
  这些广告旨在提高公司的形象。
 »Image is very important in the music world.
  在音乐界,个人形象很重要。
 »stereotyped images of women in children's books
  儿童图书中千篇一律的女性形象
2. [C] a mental picture that you have of what sb / sth is like or looks like
• (心目中的)形象,印象:
 »images of the past
  对过去的印象
 »I had a mental image of what she would look like.
  我能想像出她的样貌如何。
3. [C] (formal) a copy of sb / sth in the form of a picture or statue
• 画像；雕像；塑像:
 »Images of deer and hunters decorate the cave walls.
  洞穴壁上装饰着鹿和猎人的画像。
 »a wooden image of the Hindu god Ganesh
  印度教神灵象头神的木雕像
--› note at picture
4. [C] a picture of sb / sth seen in a mirror, through a camera, or on a television or computer
• 镜像；影像；映像；图像:
 »He stared at his own image reflected in the water.
  他凝视着自己在水中的倒影。
 »Slowly, an image began to appear on the screen.
  屏幕上慢慢地出现了一幅图像。
--› see also mirror image
5. [C] a word or phrase used with a different meaning from its normal one, in order to describe sth in a way that produces a strong picture in the mind
• 比喻；意象:
 »poetic images of the countryside
  乡村的诗情画意景象
【IDIOMS】
◘ be the image of sb / sth
• to look very like sb / sth else
• 酷似；和…非常相像:
 »He's the image of his father.
  他酷似他的父亲。
--› see also spitting image
bur∙eau∙crat∙ic / ˌbjuərəˈkrætik; NAmE ˌbjur- /
◙ adj.
• (often disapproving)connected with a bureaucracy or bureaucrats and involving complicated official rules which may seem unnecessary
• 官僚的；官僚主义的:
 »bureaucratic power / control / procedures / organizations
  官僚权力/管理/程序/组织
 »The report revealed a great deal of bureaucratic inefficiency.
  报道大量揭示了官僚体制的无能。
♦ bur∙eau∙crat∙ic∙al∙ly / -ikli / adv.
min∙is∙try / ˈministri /
◙ noun (pl. -ies)
1. [C] (BrE) a government department that has a particular area of responsibility
• (政府的)部:
 »the Ministry of Defence
  国防部
 »a ministry spokesperson
  部发言人
2. the Ministry [sing. + sing. / pl. v.] ministers of religion, especially Protestant ministers, when they are mentioned as a group
• (尤指基督教新教的)全体牧师
3. [C, usually sing.] the work and duties of a minister in the Church; the period of time spent working as a minister in the Church
• 神职；牧师职位；神职任期
pray / prei /
◙ verb
1. ~ (to sb) (for sb / sth) to speak to God, especially to give thanks or ask for help
• 祈祷；祷告:
▪ [V]
 »They knelt down and prayed.
  他们跪下来祷告。
 »I'll pray for you.
  我将为你祈祷。
 »to pray for peace
  祈求和平
 »She prayed to God for an end to her sufferings.
  她祈求上帝结束她的苦难。
▪ [V (that)]
 »We prayed (that) she would recover from her illness.
  我们为她的康复祈祷。
▪ [V to inf]
 »He prayed to be forgiven.
  他祈求宽恕。
▪ [also V speech]
2. ~ (for sth) to hope very much that sth will happen
• 企盼；祈望:
▪ [V]
 »We're praying for good weather on Saturday.
  我们十分企盼星期六是个晴天。
▪ [V that]
 »I prayed that nobody would notice my mistake.
  我但愿没人注意到我的错误。
◙ adv.
(old use) or
• (ironic)
• used to mean 'please' when you are asking a question or telling sb to do sth
• (用于询问或指示)请问,请:
 »What, pray, is the meaning of this?
  请问,这是什么意思？
 »Pray continue.
  请继续。
chant / tʃɑ:nt; NAmE tʃænt /
◙ noun
1. [C] words or phrases that a group of people shout or sing again and again
• 反复呼喊的话语；重复唱的歌词:
 »The crowd broke into chants of 'Out! Out!'
  人群突然爆发出"下台！下台！"的反复呼喊声。
 »football chants
  此起彼伏的足球助威声
2. [C, U] a religious song or prayer or a way of singing, using only a few notes that are repeated many times
• 圣歌；反复吟咏的祷文；单调的吟唱:
 »a Buddhist chant
  佛经诵念
--› see also Gregorian chant
◙ verb
1. to sing or shout the same words or phrases many times
• 反复唱；反复呼喊:
▪ [VN]
 »The crowd chanted their hero's name.
  人群不断地呼唤着自己英雄的名字。
▪ [V]
 »A group of protesters, chanting and carrying placards, waited outside.
  一群抗议者等候在外面,举着标语牌不停地喊着口号。
▪ [V speech]
 »'Resign! Resign!' they chanted.
  "辞职！辞职！"他们反复不停地喊叫着。
2. [V VN] to sing or say a religious song or prayer using only a few notes that are repeated many times
• 唱圣歌；反复地吟咏祷文；单调重复地唱
♦ chant∙ing noun [U] :
 »The chanting rose in volume.
  圣歌的声音渐渐响亮起来。
pa∙goda / pəˈɡəudə; NAme -ˈɡou- /
◙ noun
• a temple (= religious building) in S or E Asia in the form of a tall tower with several levels, each of which has its own roof that extends beyond the walls
• (南亚或东亚的)佛塔
frog / frɔɡ; NAmE frɔ:ɡ; frɑ:ɡ /
◙ noun
1. a small animal with smooth skin, that lives both on land and in water (= is an amphibian ). Frogs have very long back legs for jumping, and no tail.
• 蛙；青蛙:
 »the croaking of frogs
  蛙鸣
2. Frog (informal) an offensive word for a French person
• (对法国人的蔑称)
【IDIOMS】
◘ have, etc. a 'frog in your throat
• to lose your voice or be unable to speak clearly for a short time
• (暂时)失音,嗓音嘶哑
croak / krəuk; NAmE krouk /
◙ verb
1. [V] to make a rough low sound, like the sound a frog makes
• 发出(像青蛙的)低沉刺耳声；呱呱地叫
2. to speak or say sth with a rough low voice
• 用低沉而沙哑的声音说话:
▪ [V]
 »I had a sore throat and could only croak.
  我喉咙痛,只能哑着嗓子说话。
▪ [VN]
 »He managed to croak a greeting.
  他勉强用沙哑的嗓音打招呼。
▪ [also V speech]
3. [V] (slang) to die
• 死；咽气
◙ noun
• a rough low sound made in the throat, like the sound made by a frog
• (像青蛙发出的)低沉沙哑的声音,呱呱的叫声
pray∙er / preə(r); NAme prer /
◙ noun
1. [C] ~ (for sb / sth) words which you say to God giving thanks or asking for help
• 祷告,祈祷(的内容):
 »to say your prayers
  祷告
 »prayers for the sick
  为病人的祈祷
 »He arrived at that very moment, as if in answer to her prayer.
  他就在那一刻到了,好像是她的祈祷应验了。
 »Their prayers were answered and the child was found safe and well.
  他们的祷告应验了:小孩找到了,安然无恙。
2. [C] a fixed form of words that you can say when you speak to God
• 祈祷文；经文:
 »It was a prayer she had learnt as a child.
  这是她儿时就学会了的祈祷文。
--› see also 's Prayer">Lord's Prayer
3. [U] the act or habit of praying
• 祷告,祈祷(的行为):
 »They knelt in prayer.
  他们跪下祈祷。
 »We believe in the power of prayer.
  我们相信祈祷的力量。
4. prayers [pl.] a religious meeting that takes place regularly in which people say prayers
• 祈祷会；祷告式
5. [C, usually sing.] a thing that you hope for very much
• 企盼的事；祈望:
 »My prayer is that one day he will walk again.
  我的企盼就是有一天他能重新走路。
◘
【IDIOMS】
not have a 'prayer (of doing sth)
• to have no chance of succeeding (in doing sth)
• (做某事)没有成功的机会
--› more at wing n.